This invention relates generally to firearms, and more particularly to safety features for firearms.
Firearms are utilized for many applications including, but not limited to, hunting, target shooting, and home-defense. Firearms are designed to fire a projectile at a high rate of speed and are, therefore, very dangerous. Thus, safety is a primary concern when manufacturing and using firearms. A safety is a mechanical device that prevents unintended discharge of the firearm. Prior art safeties depend on other parts of the firearm in order to function properly. If one of these parts is broken, the safety will not function properly and the firearm may fire unintentionally.
For example, the US M1911 pistol is typically carried with the hammer cocked and the safety on. Carrying it in this manner has proven over the last 100+ years to be relatively safe, however, any mechanical device can fail due to spontaneous failure or improper assembly.
The present invention provides safeguards, in addition to the traditional thumb safety, against the pistol firing unintentionally in the event of spontaneous part(s) failure due to, for example, an unintended impact upon the hammer or other part(s). It also increases safety in the event of improper assembly of the pistol, which could cause the sear pin to come out to the right side of the pistol, causing the sear to fail at holding the hammer in the cocked position.
An example firearm safety feature includes a firing pin, a hammer operative to impact the firing pin, a sear operative to engage the hammer such that the hammer is prevented from impacting the firing pin, a trigger operative to disengage the sear from the hammer, allowing the hammer to impact the firing pin, a safety switchable between a safe position and a firing position. The hammer includes an arresting surface and a portion of the safety positioned to prevent the sear from disengaging the hammer when the trigger is depressed includes a complementary arresting surface. The arresting surface and the complementary arresting surface become positively engaged when the safety is engaged and the sear fails to engage the hammer. In a more particular embodiment the arresting surface is defined by a first angled cut in the hammer and the complementary arresting surface is defined by a second angled cut in the portion of the safety. The first angled cut and the second angled cut are equiangular.
Another example firearm safety feature includes a firing pin, a hammer operative to impact the firing pin, a sear operative to engage the hammer such the hammer is prevented from impacting the firing pin, a trigger operative to engage the sear such that when the trigger is depressed the sear disengages from the hammer to allow the hammer to impact the firing pin, and a grip safety preventing the trigger from engaging the sear absent a firing grip on the firearm. The hammer includes an arresting surface and the grip safety includes a complementary arresting surface adjacent the hammer when the hammer is in a cocked position. The arresting surface and the complementary arresting surface become positively engaged when the grip safety is in a safe position and the sear fails to engage the hammer. In a particular embodiment, the hammer defines a travel path before impacting said firing pin, and the travel path passes through the complementary arresting surface when the grip safety is in a safe position. The arresting surface and the complementary arresting surface are parallel when the hammer contacts the grip safety along the travel path.
The present invention is described with reference to the following drawings, wherein like reference numbers denote substantially similar elements:
Note that when the safety is engaged, it pivots or swings up, presenting integral lug 314 that protrudes inward, which blocks sear 302 as described above. This safety can only be engaged when hammer 306 is cocked. Hammer 306, pivoting on its own pin 312, comprises an upper portion, containing the part that actually contacts firing pin 322 and has serrations to increase friction for thumb-cocking, and the lower portion, which contains sear notch 304, which, in concert with the tip of sear 302, acts to hold hammer 306 in the cocked position. The safety can only be engaged with hammer 306 in a cocked position, because, in the cocked position, a radial clearance cut in the bottom portion of hammer 306 provides space for safety lug 314 to occupy when the safety is pivoted up into the “safe” position. In this “safe” position, lug 314 does appear to be in the way of hammer 306 falling, should a spontaneous failure of sear 302, sear pin 310, or sear notch 304 of hammer 306 occur. However, the relationship between cocked hammer 306 and safety lug 314 is such that if hammer 306 should fall, it will simply cam safety lug 314 out of the way and continue to fall onto firing pin 322. The safety's “on” and “off” positions are detented by a spring plunger, and the effort to move the safety up and down varies greatly from pistol to pistol and can be tuned to be heavy or light. In a pistol with heavy detents, this detent action, making downward movement of the safety require greater effort, could constitute enough resistance to the safety's movement to retard the fall of hammer 306 enough to prevent firing. However, in many pistols it will not, and, in any event, the safety detent effort is not and should not be relied upon as a safety feature.
In a traditional M1911, such as firearm 100, when the safety is engaged, it rotates upward and, subsequently, the safety lug rotates upward as well. When the hammer falls due to a failure of the sear, sear pin, or sear notch of the hammer, the hammer applies a rotational force on the safety lug, which rotates downward, and the safety disengages.
The present design prevents this by orienting the arresting surfaces in a way that eliminates the rotational force on safety lug 614. When the arresting surfaces come into contact, the resulting force on safety lug 614 is predominately radial, as opposed to tangential or rotational. Indeed, the rotation of hammer 606 acts to lift safety lug 614 toward hammer 606 as opposed to rotating it down and out of place. While a particular embodiment of the present invention is detailed below, it should be noted that alternate features can be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.
In the example design the radial cut in the bottom of hammer 606, provided to give safety lug 614 clearance, includes a right-angle cut or notch defined partially by arresting surface 624. Safety lug 614 also includes a right-angle cut defined partially by complementary arresting surface 626, so, should hammer 606 fall with the safety on, it is not possible for hammer 606 to simply bump or cam the safety to the off position and continue falling. Indeed, the hammer 606 and safety lug 614 will become hooked together, and due to the positive angles of the engagement surfaces, this engagement is very secure. Optionally, the engaging surfaces can be textured, coated, and/or otherwise adapted to increase the coefficient of friction between the surfaces, which makes the engagement even more secure. Under the influence of a hammer spring 620 on hammer 606, pushing it forward, hammer 606 and safety lug 614 tend to pull themselves into this positive engagement. This positive arresting of the fall of hammer 606 occurs about a third to half-way between the “cocked” and fully-forward positions of hammer 606.
Absent a firing grasp on firearm 900, as stated above, a forward-protruding horizontal arm (not shown) of grip safety 902 blocks movement of a trigger 918. In the example design, grip safety 902 has an added portion 920 that presents a roughly vertical surface 922 behind cocked hammer 906. This added portion envelops hammer 906 at its rear, and vertical surface 922 has a horizontal cut 924 in it. Hammer 906 includes a raised hook 926 at the very rear of the “spur” or serrated thumb-cocking surface. When grip safety 902 is at rest in its “out” or “engaged” position, that is, when there is nothing pushing it inward, not only is trigger 918 blocked as per the original design, but the newly introduced rear vertical surface 922 with horizontal cut 924, in this at-rest position, is pivoted slightly upward and forward, so that raised hook 926, at the rear of the spur of hammer 906, is in an interference relationship with horizontal cut 924 in vertical surface 922. In other words, the arc described by raised hook 926, in the event of hammer 906 falling due to a spontaneous failure of sear 912, sear pin 914, or sear notch 916 on hammer 906, interferes with horizontal cut 924 in vertical surface 922 of grip safety 902, effecting a positive engagement of the two parts. This engagement positively arrests the forward fall of hammer 906, preventing an unintentional discharge.
Example grip safety 902, in that it by necessity envelops hammer 906 more than previous designs, also affords hammer 906 more protection against an unintentional blow, which could cause the engagement between hammer 906 and sear 912 to fail. Further, as it closes the gap that is normally present between a typical hammer and grip safety, the likelihood of getting an article of clothing snagged in the gap, interfering with the drawing of the pistol, is greatly reduced.
This application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 17/571,384, filed on Jan. 7, 2022 by the same inventor, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/821,209, filed on Mar. 17, 2020 by the same inventor, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/221,220, filed on Jul. 27, 2016 by the same inventor, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/197,937, filed Jul. 28, 2015 by the same inventor and entitled “Firearm Safety Feature”, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their respective entireties.
Number | Date | Country | |
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62197937 | Jul 2015 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 17571384 | Jan 2022 | US |
Child | 18480187 | US | |
Parent | 16821209 | Mar 2020 | US |
Child | 17571384 | US | |
Parent | 15221220 | Jul 2016 | US |
Child | 16821209 | US |