Illustrative embodiments of the disclosure are generally directed to apparatuses and methods for fighting fires. More particularly, illustrative embodiments of the disclosure arc directed to firefighting gas releasing apparatuses and methods in which a fire-suppressing gas such as carbon dioxide is released above at least a portion of at least one fire to form a dome-shaped gaseous fog or cloud enclosure which encloses, suppresses and extinguishes the fire.
The background description provided herein is solely for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the illustrative embodiments of the disclosure. Aspects of the background description are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the claimed subject matter.
Every year, incalculable billions of dollars in property damage and thousands of lives lost are attributable to the ravages of forest tires and similar fire tragedies. Homes, businesses and families are destroyed by the widespread destruction created by massive wildfires. While it is a useful protection tool, insurance cannot adequately replace the losses of property, possessions, life and health. The loss of forest vegetation, such as that caused by wildfires in the rainforests, does irreparable damage to the world environmental system. Rampant erosion resulting from loss of surface vegetation creates mudslides in hilly and mountainous terrain, causing severe damage to roads, residences and undamaged timber. Mudslides can also block rivers and streams with disastrous flood damage.
Wildlife may be the biggest loser of all in massive forest fires. Aside from the obvious loss of habitat, wildlife survivors may be forced into heavily populated areas to compete for space and food. Oftentimes, wildlife is simply eliminated or trapped and moves to less-adaptable regions.
As of Jan. 10, 2020, massive wildfires which began in Australia in October 2019 have resulted in over 30 fatalities and the loss of over 2,200 homes. News reports estimate that a half-billion animals have been killed by the wildfires. An area roughly the size of Massachusetts has been reduced to scorched earth and ash. Initial efforts to curtail the spread of wildfire have proven to be ineffective with respect to timely and specific efforts, thus resulting in the current devastating destruction.
A condition which is created by some wildfires is gaining notoriety and was first verified in the Canberra bush fires of 2003. The phenomenon is known as “fire whirl” or “fire devil” and develops from rising heat and turbulent winds in a wildfire. Variously referred to as a “fire tornado” or “firenado”, these phenomena only resemble tornadoes and are not classified as such. Fire whirls are very dangerous because they can appear suddenly and reach a height of 160 feet to ½ mile for very large fire whirls. Destruction caused by fire whirls can be similar to that caused by tornadoes and may include uprooted trees and scattered, burning debris. The occurrence of fire whirls presents a very hazardous condition to firefighters, aircraft and other ground personnel.
Firefighting gas releasing apparatuses and methods in which a fire-suppressing gas such as carbon dioxide is released above at least a portion of at least one fire to form a dome-shaped gaseous fog or cloud enclosure which encloses, suppresses and extinguishes the fire may be desirable for some applications.
Illustrative embodiments of the disclosure are generally directed to firefighting gas releasing apparatuses in which a fire-suppressing gas such as carbon dioxide is released above at least a portion of at least one fire to form a dome-shaped gaseous fog or cloud enclosure which encloses, suppresses and extinguishes the fire. An illustrative embodiment of the firefighting gas releasing apparatuses may include a trigger housing. A containment shell having a plurality of interfaceable shell sections may be carried by the trigger housing. The plurality of interfaceable shell sections may be positional in a closed shell configuration and an open shell configuration. A shell interior may be formed by the plurality of interfaceable shell sections in the closed shell configuration of the containment shell. The shell interior may be configured to contain a supply of at least one fire-suppressing gas. A plurality of shell retention members may removably engage the interfaceable shell sections. A shell retention strap may releasably engage the shell retention members. The shell retention strap and the shell retention members may retain the interfaceable shell sections in the closed shell configuration of the containment shell. A retainer piston may be disposed in the trigger housing. The retainer piston may be selectively positional in a strap-retaining configuration engaging the shell retention strap and a strap-releasing configuration disengaging the shell retention strap. The retainer piston may be configured to engage the shell retention strap and maintain the interfaceable shell sections of the containment shell in the closed shell configuration and disengage the shell retention strap for release of the shell retention strap from the shell retention members, disengagement of the shell retention members from the interfaceable shell sections and disengagement of the interfaceable shell sections from each other in deployment of the containment shell to the open shell configuration. Firefighting gas releasing methods are also disclosed.
Illustrative embodiments of the disclosure are further generally directed to firefighting gas releasing methods. An illustrative embodiment of the firefighting gas releasing methods may include obtaining at least one firefighting gas releasing apparatus having a trigger housing, a retainer piston positional in a strap-retaining configuration and a strap-releasing configuration in the trigger housing and an openable containment shell with a plurality of shell sections releasably carried by the trigger housing; deploying the containment shell in a closed shell configuration by placing the plurality of shell sections into interfacing engagement with each other; placing a plurality of shell retention members into engagement with the plurality of shell sections, respectively, of the containment shell; placing a shell retention strap into engagement with the plurality of shell retention members; deploying the retainer piston in the strap-retaining configuration to engage the shell retention strap and retain the containment shell in the closed shell configuration; placing at least one fire-suppressing gas in the containment shell; deploying the firefighting gas releasing apparatus over at least a portion of at least one fire; and forming at least one gaseous fog enclosure over the at least a portion of the at least one fire by opening the containment shell and releasing the at least one fire-suppressing gas from the containment shell over the at least a portion of the at least one fire by deploying the retainer piston from the strap-retaining configuration to the strap-releasing configuration.
Illustrative embodiments of the disclosure will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the described embodiments or the application and uses of the described embodiments. As used herein, the word “exemplary” or “illustrative” means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any implementation described herein as “exemplary” or “illustrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations. All of the implementations described below are exemplary implementations provided to enable persons skilled in the art to make or use the embodiments of the disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure, which is defined by the claims. For purposes of description herein, the terms “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “rear”, “right”. “front” “vertical”, “horizontal”, and derivatives thereof shall relate to the invention as oriented in
Referring to
Multiple shell retention members 32, 42 may removably engage the interfaceable shell sections 25. A shell retention strap 40 may releasably engage the shell retention members 32, 42. The shell retention strap 40 and the shell retention members 32, 42 may retain the interfaceable shell sections 25 in the closed shell configuration of the containment shell 24. As illustrated in
A retainer piston 18 may be disposed in the trigger housing 2. The retainer piston 18 may be selectively positional in a strap-retaining configuration engaging the shell retention strap 40 (
As illustrated in
The trigger housing 2 may have any design or shape which is consistent with the functional requirements of the trigger housing 2 in the apparatus 1. Accordingly, the trigger housing 2 may have at least one trigger housing sidewall 3. As illustrated in
The trigger housing 2 may have a trigger housing interior 8. As illustrated in
A piston housing 6 may be provided on the trigger housing cap 5. The piston housing 6 may communicate with the trigger housing interior 8 of the underlying trigger housing 2 through the cap opening 10 in the trigger housing cap 5. A pin opening 7 may extend transversely through the piston housing 6. The pin opening 7 may be suitably sized and configured to receive a removable piston retainer pin 22, the purposes of which will be hereinafter described. A piston pin retainer 23 may detachably engage the piston retainer pin 22 to maintain the piston retainer pin 22 in place in the pin opening 7.
A lever plate 11 may extend between the trigger housing sidewalls 3 in the trigger housing interior 8. A piston sleeve 12 may extend through a central sleeve opening (not illustrated) in the lever plate 11. The piston sleeve 12 may be disposed substantially in alignment or registration with the cap opening 10 in the trigger housing cap 5.
A retainer piston 18 may be slidably disposed in the trigger housing interior 8 of the rigger housing 2. The retainer piston 18 may be positional in a strap-retaining configuration (
A piston flange 19 may extend circumferentially from the retainer piston 18. A coiled piston spring 20 may be interposed between the piston flange 19 and the trigger housing cap 5 of the trigger housing 2. Accordingly, the piston spring 20 may normally bias the retainer piston 18 in the strap-retaining configuration illustrated in
A piston release lever 15 may be pivotally mounted with respect to the trigger housing 2 and pivotally attached to the retainer piston 18. Accordingly, the piston release lever 15 may be configured to facilitate selective release of the retainer piston 18 from the strap retaining configuration in
The piston release lever 15 may be pivotally attached to the retainer piston 18 via a piston pivot 17 between the lever pivot 16 and the lever attachment 21. Accordingly, as it pivots with respect to the lever pivot 16 and the piston pivot 17, the piston release lever 15 may be selectively operable to deploy the retainer piston 18 from the strap-retaining configuration illustrated in
An openable containment shell 24, having a shell interior 30, as illustrated in
A primary shell retention member 32 may attach the shell sections 25 of the containment shell 24 to the trigger housing 2. As illustrated in
A strap recess 36 may be provided in the shell retention member body 33 opposite the shell retention cavity 34 and in communication with the strap slot 37. The strap recess 36 may be suitably sized and configured to receive the shell retention strap 40 as the strap ends 41 of the shell retention strap 40 are extended through the strap slot 37 and deployed in place by deployment of the retainer piston 18 in the strap-retaining configuration to secure the shell sections 25 of the containment shell 24 in the closed shell configuration.
Multiple secondary shell retention members 42 may secure and maintain the shell sections 25 in the closed shell configuration of the containment shell 24. As illustrated in
In the closed shell configuration of the containment shell 24, the shell sections 25 may be attached to the trigger housing sidewall 3 of the trigger housing 2 via the primary shell retention member 32. The secondary shell retention members 42 may engage the shell sections 25 and the shell retention strap 40 may releasably engage the primary shell retention member 32 and the secondary shell retention members 42 to maintain the containment shell 24 in the closed shell configuration until deployment of the apparatus 1. As illustrated in
In attachment of the interfacing shell sections 25 in assembly of the containment shell 24, the secondary shell retention members 42 may be disposed in spaced-apart relationship to each other and with respect to the primary shell retention member 32 at the respective male shell retention flanges 28 and interlocking female shell retention flanges 29 which are spaced-apart with respect to each other along the interfacing shell section edges 26 of the shell sections 25. As illustrated in
The shell retention strap 40 may be deployed in place by inserting the shell retention strap 40 into the strap recesses 36 of the respective secondary shell retention members 42. The overlapping strap ends 41 of the shell retention strap 40 may be inserted through the strap slot 37 into the strap recess 36 of the primary shell retention member 32. The retainer piston 18 may be deployed from the strap-releasing configuration illustrated in
In some embodiments, multiple tail fins 54 may extend from the trigger housing 2 opposite the containment shell 24. The tail fins 54 may be configured to guide the falling apparatus 1 to the desired area above the fire 58 (
The trigger housing 2 and its components, the shell sections 25 of the containment shell 24, the primary shell retention member 32, the secondary shell retention members 42 and the tail fins 54 may be fabricated of a metal such as stainless steel, for example and without limitation, and/or other suitable materials such as high-density plastics and composite materials. The shell retention strap 40 may be fabricated of nylon and/or other synthetic polymer material or materials. The trigger housing 2 may include provisions or features for placing the fire-suppressing gas 50 in the shell interior 30 of the containment shell 24. For example and without limitation, in some embodiments, at least one filling port (not illustrated) through which the fire-suppressing gas 50 can be introduced into the shell interior 30.
The lever attachment 21 on the piston release lever 15 may also include the required components necessary for attachment of a control line (not illustrated) to the piston release lever 15 for deployment of the piston release lever 15 from the strap-retaining configuration illustrated in
In typical application, at least one apparatus 1 may be deployed from at least one deployment aircraft 66 over at least a portion of at least one fire 58 to suppress and extinguish the fire 58, as illustrated in
The deployment aircraft 66 may include any type of aerial vehicle which is suitable for flying over the fire 58 and dropping or deploying the apparatus 1 above the fire 58. Non-limiting examples of deployment aircraft 66 which may be suitable for the purpose include both manned and unmanned helicopters, airplanes and balloons and rockets and drones. The particular size and type of deployment aircraft 66 which is used for a particular application may depend on such factors as the size or extent of the fire 58, fire intensity or accessibility and the size and weight of the apparatus 1. One type of deployment aircraft 66 which may be suitable for some applications includes the BELL™ BOEING™ V-22 Osprey aircraft. The Osprey is a type of twin-engine tilt-rotor VTOL (Vertical Takeoff and Landing) aircraft with exceptional maneuvering characteristics.
The apparatus 1 may be prepared for deployment by initially assembling the shell sections 25 in the closed shell configuration of the containment shell 24 illustrated in
The shell retention strap 40 may be deployed in place against the primary shell retention member 32 and the secondary shell retention members 42. As illustrated in
A supply of the fire-suppressing gas 50 may be placed in the shell interior 29 of the containment shell 24. The fire-suppressing gas 50 may include at least one inert gas which can be released from the containment shell 24 to form a dome-shaped gaseous fog or cloud enclosure 52 (
The apparatus 1 may be placed in the deployment aircraft 66 (
Before the apparatus 1 reaches the top of the fire 58, the falling motion of the apparatus 1 may cause the length of the lever actuation line to be expended, whereupon the lever actuation line pulls the piston release lever 15 and deploys the retainer piston 18 from the strap-retaining configuration, as illustrated in
The fire-suppressing gas 50 escapes the shell interior 29 of the containment shell 24, as illustrated in
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the firefighting gas releasing apparatus of the disclosure contains carbon dioxide and/or other fire-suppressing gas in a delivery system which assures safe delivery with no shrapnel effects and minimal damage to the terrain and general environment with minimal release of carbon dioxide and/or other inert gases into the atmosphere. The firefighting gas releasing apparatus and method makes use of advancements in weapons technology utilizing carbon dioxide to achieve an efficient, effective, social and environmental benefit. The outcome may save human lives, wildlife lives and injury and preserve property while minimizing and reducing the overall effect of released gases on the environment. A desirable effect of using carbon dioxide to fight wildfires is the potential elimination of chemical retardants. Use of carbon dioxide in the extinguishing of wildfires may reduce or stop the massive discharge of fire-generated carbon dioxide into the environment as well as the release of other carbon products into the soil and atmosphere.
The containment shell 24, trigger housing 2 and other components of the apparatus 1 may be fabricated in different sizes depending typically on the quantity of volume of fire-suppressing gas 50 which is to be delivered to the fire 58. While some applications of the firefighting gas releasing method contemplate the use of a deployment aircraft 66 to drop the apparatus 1 over the fire 58, the present disclosure contemplates other methods of deployment such as delivery of the apparatus 1 over the fire 58 using a rocket-propelled or hand-grenade type delivery system, for example and without limitation.
In some applications, a heavy, slow-moving deployment aircraft 66 may be used to carry a large payload in the form of one or more of the apparatuses 1. The apparatuses 1 may be deployed over the fire 58 in a “carpet bomb” strategy. This may spread the apparatuses 1 uniformly along the fire 58 to provide cooling and maximize oxygen displacement. Deployment of the apparatuses 1 may begin at the downwind end of the fire 58 and proceed successively toward those areas which have already been consumed.
Referring next to
At Step 104, the containment shell may be deployed in an assembled, pre-released, closed shell configuration by placing the shell sections of the containment shell into interfacing engagement with each other.
At Step 106, shell retention members may be placed into engagement with the interlocking male and female retention flanges on the respective shell sections of the containment shell.
At Step 108, a shell retention strap may be placed into engagement with the shell retention members.
At Step 110, the retainer piston may be deployed in a strap-retaining configuration to engage the shell retention strap and retain the containment shell in the pre-released, closed shell configuration.
At Step 112, the retainer piston may be secured in the strap-retaining configuration by deployment of a piston retainer pin into engagement with the retainer piston.
At Step 114, a fire-suppressing gas may be placed in the shell interior of the containment shell.
At Step 116, the apparatus may be deployed over at least one fire.
At Step 118, the retainer piston may be released in the trigger housing by disengagement of the piston retainer pin from the retainer piston.
At Step 120, the retainer piston may be deployed from the strap-retaining configuration to the strap-releasing configuration in the trigger housing.
At Step 122, the shell retention strap may be released from the primary shell retention member and the secondary shell retention members.
At Step 124, the containment shell may be disengaged from the primary shell retention member on the trigger housing.
At Step 126, the containment shell may be deployed from the pre-released, closed shell configuration to the released, open shell configuration and fire-suppressing gas released from the containment shell above the fire by disengaging the secondary shell retention members from the interlocking male and female shell retention flanges on the shell sections of the containment shell.
At Step 128, a gaseous fog enclosure may be formed over the fire.
While certain illustrative embodiments of the disclosure have been described above, it will be recognized and understood that various modifications can be made to the embodiments and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications which may fall within the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
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