Fireproof seamless foam panel roofing system

Abstract

A crush resistant seamless roofing system is formed by a layer of adjacent panels having loose joints filled by expanding rising foam adhesive, which is trimmed to remove excess foam adhesive above a top plane of the roofing system. The roofing system thus formed is covered by a fabric layer and a coating. Further, the seamless roofing system is combined with a base layer, located beneath the panels, the base layer comprising bonded panels of a lightweight fireproofing material, resistant to moisture and foot traffic.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to roofing systems.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Rigid foam panels for providing a roofing membrane layer are currently available for use as an insulating underlayment in roof construction. Typically these are 4′ by 8′ (1.22 m by 2.44 m) panels 1.5″ (3.8 cm) thick made of a 1.6 pound per cubic foot polyurethane foam with a tar paper top layer. Such a material is not crush resistant enough to be used as a roof surface material and can also be easily punctured.

[0004] Core panels are common in the art and may be used in conjunction with a roof membrane layer. The functions of core panels include providing a fireproofing layer; providing a thermal barrier; providing a solvent barrier or moisture barrier; and providing an air barrier. One form of core paneling is a fiberglass-faced asphaltic board. Asphaltic boards are known to provide adequate moisture resistance, but may not serve as a fire barrier.

[0005] A second type of core panel is a semi-rigid rock wool or fiberglass. Boards of this type are permeable to moisture, provide little impact resistance, and do not provide a fire barrier.

[0006] A third type of core panel known in the art is a plywood, or veneer, sheet. Veneer sheets are combustible, however. Further, plywood sheets lose strength when wet, yet provide adequate strength for foot traffic.

[0007] A fourth type of core panel is a wood fiberboard, comprising organic fibers bonded with resin. Fiberboard is also combustible and loses strength when wet. Fiberboard provides at least some foot traffic protection, but crumbles when wet.

[0008] A fifth type of core panel is perlite, comprising a mineral aggregate board with cellulose binders and sizing agents. A perlite core panel may be used as a fire barrier. However, perlite core panels may fall apart when wet and are crushed by foot traffic.

[0009] A sixth type of core panel is a panel comprising a gypsum core with paper facers on each side. Paper-faced gypsum boards may be used in fire protection and provide moderate resistance to foot traffic. However, the paper facers may delaminate when wet.

[0010] In addition to the common type of core panels mentioned above, improved core panels exist providing properties specific to use. One example of an improved core panel is the Dens-Deck® Roof Board. This Roof Board comprises a high-density gypsum core and fiberglass mats embedded on both sides. The Roof Board may include a fireproofing layer, which may be as thin as ¼ inch. Such core panels may neither delaminate with moisture nor support mold growth. Furthermore, Roof Boards may support foot traffic and resist hail.

[0011] More specifically, core panels as described herein serve to support a roofing membrane and may be structurally located beneath a roofing membrane. The roofing membrane may adhere to the Dens-Deck® Roof Board directly. Typically, the edges of the Dens-Deck Roof Board should be butted together. However, for the condition of high gain in surface temperature, slight gaps may be required.

[0012] Optionally, a separating material may be used between the core panel and the roofing membrane. Further, several methods known in the art may be utilized to bond the separated core panels. One such method is known as “hot-mopping.” A second method of bonding core panels is known as “torching.” Torching may involve the application of a bitumen membrane, such as a “Dibiter APP modified bitumen member,” atop the core panels. The bitumen membrane, or “flashing member,” may then be positioned by the application of a heat-welding technique.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0013] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a sturdy, weatherproof seamless roofing system that uses rigid foam boards or panels to create a seamless waterproof roof.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0014] The roofing panels of this invention differ from the prior art underlayment product in several respects. The panels of this invention are:

[0015] a) made of a denser polyurethane foam (approximately 3 pounds per cubic foot) and,

[0016] b) include an integral top layer of non-woven 250 gram polyester fabric that is saturated by the foam during manufacture by the laminator in a controlled factory environment.

[0017] The higher density affords more crush resistance, while the well bonded top layer resists punctures and provides a better adhesion surface for elastomeric top coats.

[0018] The roofing panels are bonded to roof substrate with low rise foam polyurethane adhesive which seeps through loose tongue-in-groove joints to form a blob at the top, which is shaved off and covered with a fabric top layer.

[0019] After the adhesive cures, a very secure bond between the panels results.

[0020] The low-rise foam adhesive is a two-part mixture that has distinct phases after mixing. By varying the formulations of the two parts, the “cream time” (i.e.—to achieve the consistency of shaving cream) as well as the “tack free” time can be controlled.

[0021] The panels are placed on the foam just after cream consistency and well before tack-free time so that the foam rises through the joints. After the adhesive cures to a solid consistency, the blobs are removed from all of the joints. This is typically accomplished by grinding using a disk pad grinder.

[0022] The roof is finished by applying a layer of waterproof elastomeric coating which covers the entire surface creating a monolithic structure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The present invention can best be understand in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0024] FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a roof section; showing outlines of roofing panels of this invention;

[0025] FIG. 2 is a top plan view of an embodiment for a tongue-in-groove roofing panel of this invention;

[0026] FIG. 3 is an edge cross-section detail view of further embodiment for an all-groove panel of this invention with an insertable tongue board;

[0027] FIG. 4 is an edge cross-section view of yet another embodiment for tongue-in-groove roofing panels of this invention, shown adhesively bonded to a roof substrate;

[0028] FIG. 5 is an edge cross-section detail view of a still further alternate embodiment of this invention, shown with a ship-lap joint configuration;

[0029] FIG. 6 is an edge cross-section detail view showing a panel joint of this invention in a finished roof section;

[0030] FIG. 7 is a high level flow chart of the roofing system method of this invention;

[0031] FIG. 8 is a roof edge detail view in cross-section, illustrating flashing and interfacing to the roofing system of this invention;

[0032] FIG. 9 is a perspective cutaway view, detailing the layering of a roofing system;

[0033] FIG. 10 is a perspective cutaway view, detailing the incorporated layers of a bitumen layer

[0034] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the roofing system according to one embodiment of the current invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0035] The roofing system of this invention uses rigid foam boards or panels to create a seamless waterproof roof. It can be used over a number of different substrates including metal decking, tar and gravel, or polyurethane foam in new construction as well as re-roofing applications.

[0036] Rigid foam panels are currently available for use as insulating underlayment in roof construction. Typically these are 4′ by 8′ (1.22 m by 2.44 m) panels 1.5′″ (3.8 cm) thick made of a 1.6 pound per cubic foot polyurethane foam with a tar paper top layer. Such a material is not crush resistant enough to be used as a roof surface material and can also be easily punctured.

[0037] The roofing panels of this invention differ from this underlayment product in several respects. Although panel size as well as material are similar, the panels of this invention are made of a denser polyurethane foam (approximately 3 pounds per cubic foot) and include an integral top layer of non-woven 250 gram polyester fabric that is saturated by the foam during manufacture by the laminator in a controlled factory environment. The higher density affords more crush resistance, while the well bonded top layer resists punctures and provides a better adhesion surface for elastomeric top coats.

[0038] FIG. 1 is a top view of a roof 1 section showing the outline of the individual roof panels. The panel seams are staggered by using alternate whole panels A as well as half panels B at the roof edge 2. This is done to prevent any tendency for propagation of inadvertent seam separations.

[0039] FIG. 2 shows a top view of a tongue-in groove panel 5, tongue edges 6 and groove edges 7.

[0040] Since a protruding tongue of polyurethane foam could be damaged in transit, an alternate embodiment of a tongue-in groove construction is shown in FIG. 3. In this all-groove construction, each polyurethane panel 10 has grooves 11 cut in all four edges. A length of polyurethane plank 12 is then inserted in groove 11 on two edges at the work site. Plank 12 is dimensioned as a press fit in groove 11 and protrudes from the edge to form the tongue after insertion. Planks 12 would be shipped separately in protective packaging to the work site.

[0041] FIG. 4 is an edge crossection view of roofing panels 5 bonded to roof substrate 16 with low rise foam polyurethane adhesive 17 which seeps through loose tongue-in-groove joints to form a blob 18 at the top. Factory bonded fabric 15 is a top layer. Typically, the groove 7 is ⅞″ (22 mm) wide while the tongue is ¾″ (19 mm) wide; this affords enough space for the adhesive foam to rise through while affording close line-up of the top surfaces of adjacent boards 5. After adhesive 17 cures, a very secure bond between panels 5 results.

[0042] FIG. 5 is a detail of an alternative panel joint. Here panels 20 have a ship-lap edge which is also dimensioned so as to permit rising foam adhesive to flow through the joint. For ship-lap panels 20, the order in which they are laid into the foam is important.

[0043] As shown in FIG. 5, panel X should be laid down before panel Y so that there would not be a tendency to lift panel Y during the foam rising phase.

[0044] Foam adhesive is a two-part mixture that has distinct phases after mixing. By varying the formulations of the two parts, the “cream time” (i.e.—to achieve the consistency of shaving cream) as well as the “tack free” time can be controlled. For this invention, a cream time of about 1 minute and a tack-free time of about 4 minutes is ideal. The panels are placed on the foam just after cream consistency and well before tack-free time so that the foam rises through the joints.

[0045] After the adhesive cures to a solid consistency, the blobs 18 are removed from all of the joints. This is typically accomplished by grinding using a cutter, such as a knife or disk pad grinder. At this stage, the joint is flush with the fabric top surface of the adjacent panels.

[0046] The roof is finished by applying a layer of waterproof elastomeric coating which covers the entire surface creating a monolithic structure.

[0047] FIG. 6 is a detailed view of a finished joint between two panels 5 after the glob 18 has been removed and elastomeric coating 25 has been applied. Coating 25 can be an acrylic, urethane or silicone material. It can be sprayed or brushed on.

[0048] Flow chart 7 is a concise description of the overall installation process. Two people are generally involved as a team. One worker sprays a panel-width line of low rise polyurethane adhesive, while the second worker follows (after the mix is of cream consistency) and lay down panels. As per FIG. 1, the first panel at an edge is either a full or half panel to create the staggered seam pattern. Only after the entire roof (or large section) is paneled, are the seep-through joint blobs removed. All debris must be removed carefully before a final seal coat is applied.

[0049] Penetrations and wall flashings are first sealed with spray foam prior to sealing.

[0050] FIG. 8 is a detail at a roof edge showing an end panel 5 interfacing with aluminum edging 30 which bridges wall 31, beam 29 and foam panel 5. A V-groove 28 is cut from the corner of panel 5 at the juncture of edging 30 to permit an aluminum surface to be bonded and sealed to the fabric 15 top layer by waterproof coating 25.

[0051] FIG. 9 is a stepped cutaway view of a further embodiment for a fire resistant roof panel 110 having fireproof panel 140 attached thereto, wherein panel 110 with fireproof layer 140 is attached to roof deck 116 by in-situ applied foam layer 117, which rises through crevices 111 between adjacent panels 110.

[0052] For example, FIG. 9 shows first a structural deck 116 (corrugated deck members shown as an example). Above the structural deck 116 is in-situ deposited layer 117 of rising foam, which rises as protruding foam intrusions 118 through the crevice gaps 111 between discrete cured foam panels 110, similar to the rise of foam protrusions 18 from in-situ base foam layer 17 between panels 10 shown in FIGS. 1-6.

[0053] FIG. 9 also shows the protruding foam 118 also going optionally downward in the indentations of the corrugated structural deck 116. Such would not happen if panel 110 was applied to a roof deck 16 which was entirely flat, as in FIG. 44-6, but would be the case if the rising foam underlayer 117 were applied to a corrugated structural deck 116. It is anticipated that the fire resistant embodiment shown in FIG. 9 can be applied to either a corrugated roof deck 116 or to a flat roof deck 16, as in FIGS. 4-6.

[0054] The next layer shown in FIG. 9 is a fireproof gypsum layer 140, such as manufactured by DENS-DECK®, adhered to the bottom of the upper discrete panels 110. Above panels 110 is a mesh layer 115. Not shown in FIG. 9 are the excess globs of risen foam which are shaved off of the tops of rising foam protrusions 118, as well as the overlay of a waterproof coating outer skin layer 125 above fabric mesh 115.

[0055] FIG. 10 shows an optional rolled conventional multi-ply sheet of bitumen compound material 150, including slate granule covered upper layer 150a of a modified bitumen compound, middle polyester reinforcement layer 150 and lower layer 150c of a modified bitumen compound. Bitumen sheet 150 could be optionally placed adjacent to the fireproof gypsum layer 140 and/or the discrete foam panel 110.

[0056] FIG. 11 is a crossectional cutaway view of another embodiment for a fire resistant roof section, showing the lower in-situ foam layer 117, with a protruding portion 118 of the foam layer 117 shown having risen vertically up through the recess gap 111, between adjacent discrete foam panels 110, having the fireproof gypsum layer 140 attached at a bottom edge thereof.

[0057] FIG. 11 also shows that the gypsum layer 140 may expand or contract under adverse temperature conditions. The risen foam 118 is slightly resilient, so it may squeeze inward slightly, if the gypsum board layer 140 expands under conditions of high gain in surface temperature.

[0058] It is further noted that other modifications may be made to the present invention, within the scope of the invention, as noted in the appended Claims.

Claims

1. A combination of roofing layers comprising: a hardened foam roofing panel having a first block of polyurethane foam with a top surface, a bottom surface, and at least one indented periphery; said top surface having an integral layer of fabric bonded to said block; at least one base layer; and said bottom surface of said first block being in contact with said at least one base layer.

2. A combination of roofing layers as in claim 1, wherein said at least one base layer comprises at least one fireproofing layer.

3. A combination of roofing layers as in claim 2, wherein said at least one fireproofing layer comprises a gypsum core.

4. A combination of roofing layers as in claim 1, wherein said at least one base layer comprises: a first foam layer having a second top surface and an opposing second bottom surface contacting a roof surface; a core layer having a third top surface and opposing third bottom surface being in communication with said second top surface of said first foam layer; and said third top surface contacting said bottom surface of said of said first block of polyurethane foam.

5. A combination of roofing layers as in claim 1, wherein said at least one base layer comprises a plurality of core panels, each said panel having an edge perimeter.

6. A combination of roofing layers as in claim 5, wherein at least a portion of said perimeter of each said panel rigidly contacts a perimeter of a second said panel.

7. A combination of roofing layers as in claim 5, wherein said perimeter of each said core panel is separated by a distance, said distance defining a gap portion.

8. A combination of roofing layers as in claim 5, wherein said first block of polyurethane foam extends downward into said gap portion of said base layer.

12. A method of forming a layered roofing system comprising the steps of: applying a core layer; applying an integral foam layer; and applying a reinforcing mesh, a portion of said foam layer penetrating upward through said reinforcing layer.

13. A method of installing fire resistant roofing tiles comprising: a) spraying a foam rising adhesive on a surface; b) waiting for said foam rising adhesive to obtain a creamy consistency; c) applying a first tile panel and an adjacent first subsequent tile panel to said surface; each said tile panel having a respective fire resistant layer adhered thereto; d) waiting for said adhesive to cure and rise within a joint formed between said first tile panel and said first subsequent tile panel; e) applying further tile panel and subsequent further tile panel to said surface; f) waiting for said adhesive to cure and rise within further joints formed between said first subsequent tile and said further tile panel; g) repeating steps “c”, “d” and “e” and “f” on next subsequent pairs of tile panels until said foam adhesive completes rising between said joints and accumulates as debris above a plane formed by said tile panels accumulated in a seamless configuration; h) removing debris formed by said foam rising adhesive from the top surface of said tile panels; and, i) applying an elastomeric coat to the top surface of said joined, seamless accumulation of tile panels.

14. A method of installing roofing tiles according to claim 13, wherein said elastomer is an acrylic.

15. A method of installing roofing tiles according to claim 1, wherein said elastomer is a urethane.

16. A method of installing roofing tiles according to claim 13, wherein said elastomer is silicone based.

17. A method of installing roofing tile panels according to claim 14, wherein application of said first and said subsequent tile panels further comprises: applying said first tile panel having a first length; and applying said second tile panel having a second length, wherein said second length of said second tile panel is different than said first length of said first tile panel.

18. A fire-resistant, crush resistant and puncture resistant seamless waterproof roofing system comprising a plurality of adjacent cured foam panels attached to a roofing by a foaming adhesive bonding said panels to a substrate of said roof, each said panel having a respective fire resistant layer adhered thereto; said adhesive rising between said panels, sealing said panels to each other by expansion through loose inter-panel joints between said panels, said panels having an on-site coat of elastomeric sealing material thereon, said coat of elastomeric sealing material covering a fabric layer above each of said panels.

19. The roofing system as in claim 18 wherein said panels are polyurethane.

20. The roofing system as in claim 18 wherein said sealing material is a silicone.

21. The roofing system as in claim 19 wherein said polyurethane is a dense polyurethane foam having a strength of at least three pounds per cubic foot.

22. The roofing system as in claim 18 wherein said fabric is an integral top layer of non-woven 250 gram polyester fabric saturated by said foam.

23. The roofing system as in claim 18 wherein adjacent panels have tongue-in-groove edges fitting into adjacent tongue and groove edges of adjacent panels.

24. The roofing system as in claim 19 wherein said adhesive is low rise foam polyurethane adhesive, said adhesive seeping through loose tongue-in groove joints.

25. The roofing system as in claim 19 wherein said foaming adhesive used to both bond the said panels to a substrate and to rise between said panels, seals said panels to each other through loose inter-panel joints accommodating said risen adhesive therebetween, forming a seamless accumulation of said panels.

26. The roofing system as in claim 19 wherein said roof has panel seams which are staggered by using alternate whole panels as well as half panels upon said roof.

27. The roofing system as in claim 19 wherein said plurality of panels includes an edging bridging a wall under said roof, a support beam supporting said panels, and said panels.