Exemplary aspects of the present invention relate to a fixing device and an image forming apparatus, and more particularly, to a fixing device for fixing a toner image on a recording medium and an image forming apparatus incorporating the fixing device.
Related-art image forming apparatuses, such as copiers, facsimile machines, printers, or multifunction printers having at least one of copying, printing, scanning, and facsimile functions, typically form an image on a recording medium according to image data. Thus, for example, a charger uniformly charges a surface of a photoconductor; an optical writer emits a light beam onto the charged surface of the photoconductor to form an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor according to the image data; a development device supplies toner to the electrostatic latent image formed on the photoconductor to render the electrostatic latent image visible as a toner image; the toner image is directly transferred from the photoconductor onto a recording medium or is indirectly transferred from the photoconductor onto a recording medium via an intermediate transfer belt; finally, a fixing device applies heat and pressure to the recording medium bearing the toner image to fix the toner image on the recording medium, thus forming the image on the recording medium.
Such fixing device is requested to shorten a first print time required to output the recording medium bearing the toner image onto the outside of the image forming apparatus after the image forming apparatus receives a print job. Additionally, the fixing device is requested to generate an increased amount of heat before a plurality of recording media is conveyed through the fixing device continuously at an increased speed.
To address these requests, the fixing device may employ a thin endless belt having a decreased thermal capacity and therefore heated quickly by a heater.
Since the metal thermal conductor 200 heats the endless belt 100 entirely, the endless belt 100 is heated to a predetermined fixing temperature quickly, thus meeting the above-described requests of shortening the first print time and generating the increased amount of heat for high speed printing. However, in order to shorten the first print time further and save more energy, the fixing device is requested to heat the endless belt more efficiently. To address this request, a configuration to heat the endless belt directly, not via the metal thermal conductor, is proposed as shown in
However, the endless belt 100 shown in
Those forces generate various stresses that may be concentrated on both lateral ends of the endless belt 100 in the axial direction thereof. As a result, both lateral ends of the endless belt 100 are susceptible to damage or breakage, degrading durability of the endless belt 100.
This specification describes below an improved fixing device. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the fixing device includes an endless belt rotatable in a predetermined direction of rotation and a nip formation assembly disposed opposite an inner circumferential surface of the endless belt. An opposed rotary body is pressed against the nip formation assembly via the endless belt to form a fixing nip between the endless belt and the opposed rotary body through which a recording medium bearing a toner image is conveyed. A belt holder contacts and supports each lateral end of the endless belt in an axial direction thereof. The belt holder is isolated from the opposed rotary body with a first interval interposed therebetween in the axial direction of the endless belt.
This specification further describes an improved image forming apparatus. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the image forming apparatus includes the fixing device described above.
A more complete appreciation of the invention and the many attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
In describing exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings, specific terminology is employed for the sake of clarity. However, the disclosure of this specification is not intended to be limited to the specific terminology so selected and it is to be understood that each specific element includes all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner and achieve a similar result.
Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding parts throughout the several views, in particular to
As shown in
For example, the image forming devices 4Y, 4M, 4C, and 4K include drum-shaped photoconductors 5Y, 5M, 5C, and 5K serving as an image carrier that carries an electrostatic latent image and a resultant toner image; chargers 6Y, 6M, 6C, and 6K that charge an outer circumferential surface of the respective photoconductors 5Y, 5M, 5C, and 5K; development devices 7Y, 7M, 7C, and 7K that supply yellow, magenta, cyan, and black toners to the electrostatic latent images formed on the outer circumferential surface of the respective photoconductors 5Y, 5M, 5C, and 5K, thus visualizing the electrostatic latent images into yellow, magenta, cyan, and black toner images with the yellow, magenta, cyan, and black toners, respectively; and cleaners 8Y, 8M, 8C, and 8K that clean the outer circumferential surface of the respective photoconductors 5Y, 5M, 5C, and 5K.
Below the image forming devices 4Y, 4M, 4C, and 4K is an exposure device 9 that exposes the outer circumferential surface of the respective photoconductors 5Y, 5M, 5C, and 5K with laser beams. For example, the exposure device 9, constructed of a light source, a polygon mirror, an f-θ lens, reflection mirrors, and the like, emits a laser beam onto the outer circumferential surface of the respective photoconductors 5Y, 5M, 5C, and 5K according to image data sent from an external device such as a client computer.
Above the image forming devices 4Y, 4M, 4C, and 4K is a transfer device 3. For example, the transfer device 3 includes an intermediate transfer belt 30 serving as an intermediate transferor, four primary transfer rollers 31Y, 31M, 31C, and 31K serving as primary transferors, a secondary transfer roller 36 serving as a secondary transferor, a secondary transfer backup roller 32, a cleaning backup roller 33, a tension roller 34, and a belt cleaner 35.
The intermediate transfer belt 30 is an endless belt stretched over the secondary transfer backup roller 32, the cleaning backup roller 33, and the tension roller 34. As a driver drives and rotates the secondary transfer backup roller 32 counterclockwise in
The four primary transfer rollers 31Y, 31M, 31C, and 31K sandwich the intermediate transfer belt 30 together with the four photoconductors 5Y, 5M, 5C, and 5K, respectively, forming four primary transfer nips between the intermediate transfer belt 30 and the photoconductors 5Y, 5M, 5C, and 5K. The primary transfer rollers 31Y, 31M, 31C, and 31K are connected to a power supply that applies a predetermined direct current voltage and/or alternating current voltage thereto.
The secondary transfer roller 36 sandwiches the intermediate transfer belt 30 together with the secondary transfer backup roller 32, forming a secondary transfer nip between the secondary transfer roller 36 and the intermediate transfer belt 30. Similar to the primary transfer rollers 31Y, 31M, 31C, and 31K, the secondary transfer roller 36 is connected to the power supply that applies a predetermined direct current voltage and/or alternating current voltage thereto.
The belt cleaner 35 includes a cleaning brush and a cleaning blade that contact an outer circumferential surface of the intermediate transfer belt 30. A waste toner conveyance tube extending from the belt cleaner 35 to an inlet of a waste toner container conveys waste toner collected from the intermediate transfer belt 30 by the belt cleaner 35 to the waste toner container.
A bottle container 2 situated in an upper portion of the image forming apparatus 1 accommodates four toner bottles 2Y, 2M, 2C, and 2K detachably attached thereto to contain and supply fresh yellow, magenta, cyan, and black toners to the development devices 7Y, 7M, 7C, and 7K of the image forming devices 4Y, 4M, 4C, and 4K, respectively. For example, the fresh yellow, magenta, cyan, and black toners are supplied from the toner bottles 2Y, 2M, 2C, and 2K to the development devices 7Y, 7M, 7C, and 7K through toner supply tubes interposed between the toner bottles 2Y, 2M, 2C, and 2K and the development devices 7Y, 7M, 7C, and 7K, respectively.
In a lower portion of the image forming apparatus 1 are a paper tray 10 that loads a plurality of recording media P (e.g., sheets) and a feed roller 11 that picks up and feeds a recording medium P from the paper tray 10 toward the secondary transfer nip formed between the secondary transfer roller 36 and the intermediate transfer belt 30. The recording media P may be thick paper, postcards, envelopes, plain paper, thin paper, coated paper, tracing paper, OHP (overhead projector) transparencies, OHP film sheets, and the like. Additionally, a bypass tray may be attached to the image forming apparatus 1 that loads postcards, envelopes, OHP transparencies, OHP film sheets, and the like.
A conveyance path R extends from the feed roller 11 to an output roller pair 13 to convey the recording medium P picked up from the paper tray 10 onto an outside of the image forming apparatus 1 through the secondary transfer nip. The conveyance path R is provided with a registration roller pair 12 located below the secondary transfer nip formed between the secondary transfer roller 36 and the intermediate transfer belt 30, that is, upstream from the secondary transfer nip in a recording medium conveyance direction A1. The registration roller pair 12 feeds the recording medium P conveyed from the feed roller 11 toward the secondary transfer nip.
The conveyance path R is further provided with a fixing device 20 located above the secondary transfer nip, that is, downstream from the secondary transfer nip in the recording medium conveyance direction A1. The fixing device 20 fixes the color toner image transferred from the intermediate transfer belt 30 onto the recording medium P. The conveyance path R is further provided with the output roller pair 13 located above the fixing device 20, that is, downstream from the fixing device 20 in the recording medium conveyance direction A1. The output roller pair 13 discharges the recording medium P bearing the fixed color toner image onto the outside of the image forming apparatus 1, that is, an output tray 14 disposed atop the image forming apparatus 1. The output tray 14 stocks the recording media P discharged by the output roller pair 13.
With reference to
As a print job starts, a driver drives and rotates the photoconductors 5Y, 5M, 5C, and 5K of the image forming devices 4Y, 4M, 4C, and 4K, respectively, clockwise in
Simultaneously, as the print job starts, the secondary transfer backup roller 32 is driven and rotated counterclockwise in
When the yellow, magenta, cyan, and black toner images formed on the photoconductors 5Y, 5M, 5C, and 5K reach the primary transfer nips, respectively, in accordance with rotation of the photoconductors 5Y, 5M, 5C, and 5K, the yellow, magenta, cyan, and black toner images are primarily transferred from the photoconductors 5Y, 5M, 5C, and 5K onto the intermediate transfer belt 30 by the transfer electric field created at the primary transfer nips in such a manner that the yellow, magenta, cyan, and black toner images are superimposed successively on a same position on the intermediate transfer belt 30. Thus, a color toner image is formed on the intermediate transfer belt 30. After the primary transfer of the yellow, magenta, cyan, and black toner images from the photoconductors 5Y, 5M, 5C, and 5K onto the intermediate transfer belt 30, the cleaners 8Y, 8M, 8C, and 8K remove residual toner not transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 30 and therefore remaining on the photoconductors 5Y, 5M, 5C, and 5K therefrom. Thereafter, dischargers discharge the outer circumferential surface of the respective photoconductors 5Y, 5M, 5C, and 5K, initializing the surface potential thereof.
On the other hand, the feed roller 11 disposed in the lower portion of the image forming apparatus 1 is driven and rotated to feed a recording medium P from the paper tray toward the registration roller pair 12 in the conveyance path R. The registration roller pair 12 feeds the recording medium P to the secondary transfer nip formed between the secondary transfer roller 36 and the intermediate transfer belt 30 at a time when the color toner image formed on the intermediate transfer belt 30 reaches the secondary transfer nip. The secondary transfer roller 36 is applied with a transfer voltage having a polarity opposite a polarity of the charged yellow, magenta, cyan, and black toners constituting the color toner image formed on the intermediate transfer belt 30, thus creating a transfer electric field at the secondary transfer nip.
When the color toner image formed on the intermediate transfer belt 30 reaches the secondary transfer nip in accordance with rotation of the intermediate transfer belt 30, the color toner image is secondarily transferred from the intermediate transfer belt 30 onto the recording medium P by the transfer electric field created at the secondary transfer nip. After the secondary transfer of the color toner image from the intermediate transfer belt 30 onto the recording medium P, the belt cleaner 35 removes residual toner not transferred onto the recording medium P and therefore remaining on the intermediate transfer belt 30 therefrom. The removed toner is conveyed and collected into the waste toner container.
Thereafter, the recording medium P bearing the color toner image is conveyed to the fixing device 20 that fixes the color toner image on the recording medium P. Then, the recording medium P bearing the fixed color toner image is discharged by the output roller pair 13 onto the output tray 14.
The above describes the image forming operation of the image forming apparatus 1 to form the color toner image on the recording medium P. Alternatively, the image forming apparatus 1 may form a monochrome toner image by using any one of the four image forming devices 4Y, 4M, 4C, and 4K or may form a bicolor or tricolor toner image by using two or three of the image forming devices 4Y, 4M, 4C, and 4K.
With reference to
A detailed description is now given of a construction of the fixing belt 21.
The fixing belt 21 is a thin, flexible endless belt or film. For example, the fixing belt 21 is constructed of a base layer constituting an inner circumferential surface of the fixing belt 21 and a release layer constituting the outer circumferential surface of the fixing belt 21. The base layer is made of metal such as nickel and SUS stainless steel or resin such as polyimide (PI). The release layer is made of tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkylvinylether copolymer (PFA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or the like. Alternatively, an elastic layer, made of rubber such as silicone rubber, silicone rubber foam, and fluoro rubber, may be interposed between the base layer and the release layer.
A detailed description is now given of a construction of the pressing roller 22.
The pressing roller 22 is constructed of a metal core 22a; an elastic layer 22b coating the metal core 22a and made of silicone rubber foam, silicone rubber, fluoro rubber, or the like; and a release layer 22c coating the elastic layer 22b and made of PFA, PTFE, or the like. The pressurization assembly presses the pressing roller 22 against the nip formation assembly 24 via the fixing belt 21. Thus, the pressing roller 22 pressingly contacting the fixing belt 21 deforms the elastic layer 22b of the pressing roller 22 at the fixing nip N formed between the pressing roller 22 and the fixing belt 21, thus creating the fixing nip N having a predetermined length in the recording medium conveyance direction A1. A driver (e.g., a motor) disposed inside the image forming apparatus 1 depicted in
According to this exemplary embodiment, the pressing roller 22 is a solid roller. Alternatively, the pressing roller 22 may be a hollow roller. In this case, a heater such as a halogen heater may be disposed inside the hollow roller. If the pressing roller 22 does not incorporate the elastic layer 22b, the pressing roller 22 has a decreased thermal capacity that improves fixing performance of being heated to the predetermined fixing temperature quickly. However, as the pressing roller 22 and the fixing belt 21 sandwich and press a toner image T on the recording medium P passing through the fixing nip N, slight surface asperities of the fixing belt 21 may be transferred onto the toner image T on the recording medium P, resulting in variation in gloss of the solid toner image T. To address this problem, it is preferable that the pressing roller 22 incorporates the elastic layer 22b having a thickness not smaller than about 100 micrometers.
The elastic layer 22b having the thickness not smaller than about 100 micrometers elastically deforms to absorb slight surface asperities of the fixing belt 21, preventing variation in gloss of the toner image T on the recording medium P. The elastic layer 22b may be made of solid rubber. Alternatively, if no heater is disposed inside the pressing roller 22, the elastic layer 22b may be made of sponge rubber. The sponge rubber is more preferable than the solid rubber because it has an increased insulation that draws less heat from the fixing belt 21. According to this exemplary embodiment, the pressing roller 22 is pressed against the fixing belt 21. Alternatively, the pressing roller 22 may merely contact the fixing belt 21 with no pressure therebetween.
A detailed description is now given of a configuration of the halogen heater 23.
Both lateral ends of the halogen heater 23 in a longitudinal direction thereof parallel to an axial direction of the fixing belt 21 are mounted on side plates of the fixing device 20, respectively. A power supply situated inside the image forming apparatus 1 supplies power to the halogen heater 23 so that the halogen heater 23 heats the fixing belt 21. A controller 90, that is, a central processing unit (CPU), provided with a random-access memory (RAM) and a read-only memory (ROM), for example, operatively connected to the halogen heater 23 and the temperature sensor 27 controls the halogen heater 23 based on the temperature of the fixing belt 21 detected by the temperature sensor 27 so as to adjust the temperature of the fixing belt 21 to a desired fixing temperature. Alternatively, an induction heater, a resistance heat generator, a carbon heater, or the like may be employed as a heater to heat the fixing belt 21 instead of the halogen heater 23.
A detailed description is now given of a construction of the nip formation assembly 24.
The nip formation assembly 24 includes a base pad 241 and a slide sheet 240 (e.g., a low-friction sheet) covering an outer surface of the base pad 241. A longitudinal direction of the base pad 241 is parallel to an axial direction of the fixing belt 21 or the pressing roller 22. The base pad 241 receives pressure from the pressing roller 22 to define the shape of the fixing nip N. The base pad 241 is mounted on and supported by the stay 25. Accordingly, even if the base pad 241 receives pressure from the pressing roller 22, the base pad 241 is not bent by the pressure and therefore produces a uniform nip width throughout the axial direction of the pressing roller 22. The stay 25 is made of metal having an increased mechanical strength, such as stainless steel and iron, to prevent bending of the nip formation assembly 24. According to this exemplary embodiment, an opposed face 241a of the base pad 241 disposed opposite the pressing roller 22 via the fixing belt 21 is planar to produce the straight fixing nip N that reduces pressure exerted to the base pad 241 by the pressing roller 22.
The base pad 241 is made of a rigid, heat-resistant material having an increased mechanical strength and a heat resistance against temperatures not lower than about 200 degrees centigrade. Accordingly, even if the base pad 241 is heated to a predetermined fixing temperature range, the base pad 241 is not thermally deformed, thus retaining the desired shape of the fixing nip N stably and thereby maintaining the quality of the fixed toner image T on the recording medium P. For example, the base pad 241 is made of general heat-resistant resin such as polyether sulfone (PES), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), polyether nitrile (PEN), polyamide imide (PAI), and polyether ether ketone (PEEK), metal, ceramic, or the like.
The slide sheet 240 is interposed at least between the base pad 241 and the fixing belt 21. For example, the slide sheet 240 covers at least the opposed face 241a of the base pad 241 disposed opposite the fixing belt 21 at the fixing nip N. That is, the base pad 241 contacts the fixing belt 21 indirectly via the slide sheet 240. As the fixing belt 21 rotates in the rotation direction R3, it slides over the slide sheet 240 with decreased friction therebetween, decreasing a driving torque exerted on the fixing belt 21. Alternatively, the nip formation assembly 24 may not incorporate the slide sheet 240.
A detailed description is now given of a construction of the reflector 26.
The reflector 26 is interposed between the stay 25 and the halogen heater 23. According to this exemplary embodiment, the reflector 26 is mounted on the stay 25. For example, the reflector 26 is made of aluminum, stainless steel, or the like. The reflector 26 has a reflection face 70 that reflects light radiated from the halogen heater 23 thereto toward the fixing belt 21. Accordingly, the fixing belt 21 receives an increased amount of light from the halogen heater 23 and thereby is heated efficiently. Additionally, the reflector 26 minimizes transmission of radiation heat from the halogen heater 23 to the stay 25, thus saving energy.
A shield is interposed between the halogen heater 23 and the fixing belt 21 at both lateral ends of the fixing belt 21 in the axial direction thereof. The shield shields the fixing belt 21 against heat from the halogen heater 23. For example, even if a plurality of small recording media P is conveyed through the fixing nip N continuously, the shield prevents heat from the halogen heater 23 from being conducted to both lateral ends of the fixing belt 21 in the axial direction thereof where the small recording media P are not conveyed. Accordingly, both lateral ends of the fixing belt 21 do not overheat even in the absence of large recording media P that draw heat therefrom. Consequently, the shield minimizes thermal wear and damage of the fixing belt 21.
The fixing device 20 according to this exemplary embodiment attains various improvements to save more energy and shorten a first print time required to output a recording medium P bearing a fixed toner image T onto the outside of the image forming apparatus 1 depicted in
As a first improvement, the fixing device 20 employs a direct heating method in which the halogen heater 23 directly heats the fixing belt 21 at a portion thereof other than a nip portion thereof facing the fixing nip N. For example, as shown in
As a second improvement, the fixing belt 21 is designed to be thin and have a reduced loop diameter so as to decrease the thermal capacity thereof. For example, the fixing belt 21 is constructed of the base layer having a thickness in a range of from about 20 micrometers to about 50 micrometers; the elastic layer having a thickness in a range of from about 100 micrometers to about 300 micrometers; and the release layer having a thickness in a range of from about 10 micrometers to about 50 micrometers. Thus, the fixing belt 21 has a total thickness not greater than about 1 mm. The loop diameter of the fixing belt 21 is in a range of from about 20 mm to about 40 mm. In order to decrease the thermal capacity of the fixing belt 21 further, the fixing belt 21 may have a total thickness not greater than about 0.20 mm, preferably not greater than about 0.16 mm. Additionally, the loop diameter of the fixing belt 21 may be not greater than about 30 mm.
According to this exemplary embodiment, the pressing roller 22 has a diameter in a range of from about 20 mm to about 40 mm so that the loop diameter of the fixing belt 21 is equivalent to the diameter of the pressing roller 22. However, the loop diameter of the fixing belt 21 and the diameter of the pressing roller 22 are not limited to the above. For example, the loop diameter of the fixing belt 21 may be smaller than the diameter of the pressing roller 22. In this case, the curvature of the fixing belt 21 at the fixing nip N is smaller than that of the pressing roller 22, facilitating separation of the recording medium P discharged from the fixing nip N from the fixing belt 21.
Since the fixing belt 21 has a decreased loop diameter, space inside the loop formed by the fixing belt 21 is small. To address this circumstance, both ends of the stay 25 in the recording medium conveyance direction A1 are folded into a bracket that accommodates the halogen heater 23. Thus, the stay 25 and the halogen heater 23 are placed in the small space inside the loop formed by the fixing belt 21.
In contrast to the stay 25, the nip formation assembly 24 is compact, thus allowing the stay 25 to extend as long as possible in the small space inside the loop formed by the fixing belt 21. For example, the length of the base pad 241 of the nip formation assembly 24 is smaller than that of the stay 25 in the recording medium conveyance direction A1.
As shown in
As shown in
Additionally, as the upstream projection 25b1 and the downstream projection 25b2 elongate further in the pressurization direction D1 of the pressing roller 22, the mechanical strength of the stay 25 becomes greater. Accordingly, it is preferable that a front edge 25c of each of the upstream projection 25b1 and the downstream projection 25b2 is situated as close as possible to the inner circumferential surface of the fixing belt 21 to allow the upstream projection 25b1 and the downstream projection 25b2 to project longer from the base 25a in the pressurization direction D1 of the pressing roller 22. However, since the fixing belt 21 swings or vibrates as it rotates, if the front edge 25c of each of the upstream projection 25b1 and the downstream projection 25b2 is excessively close to the inner circumferential surface of the fixing belt 21, the swinging or vibrating fixing belt 21 may come into contact with the upstream projection 25b1 or the downstream projection 25b2. For example, if the thin fixing belt 21 is used as in this exemplary embodiment, the thin fixing belt 21 swings or vibrates substantially. Accordingly, it is necessary to position the front edge 25c of each of the upstream projection 25b1 and the downstream projection 25b2 with respect to the fixing belt 21 carefully.
Specifically, as shown in
The front edge 25c of each of the upstream projection 25b1 and the downstream projection 25b2 situated as close as possible to the inner circumferential surface of the fixing belt 21 allows the upstream projection 25b1 and the downstream projection 25b2 to project longer from the base 25a in the pressurization direction D1 of the pressing roller 22. Accordingly, even if the fixing belt 21 has a decreased loop diameter, the stay 25 having the longer upstream projection 25b1 and the longer downstream projection 25b2 attains an enhanced mechanical strength.
With reference to
As the image forming apparatus 1 depicted in
A recording medium P bearing a toner image T formed by the image forming operation of the image forming apparatus 1 described above is conveyed in the recording medium conveyance direction A1 while guided by a guide plate and enters the fixing nip N formed between the pressing roller 22 and the fixing belt 21 pressed by the pressing roller 22. The fixing belt 21 heated by the halogen heater 23 heats the recording medium P and at the same time the pressing roller 22 pressed against the fixing belt 21 and the fixing belt 21 together exert pressure to the recording medium P, thus fixing the toner image T on the recording medium P.
The recording medium P bearing the fixed toner image T is discharged from the fixing nip N in a recording medium conveyance direction A2. A front edge 28a of the separator 28 situated in proximity to an exit of the fixing nip N is isolated from the outer circumferential surface of the fixing belt 21 with a separation gap g therebetween. As a leading edge of the recording medium P discharged from the fixing nip N comes into contact with the front edge 28a of the separator 28, the separator 28 separates the recording medium P from the fixing belt 21. Thereafter, the separated recording medium P is discharged by the output roller pair 13 depicted in
With reference to
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
Since the belt holders 40 support both lateral ends 21b of the fixing belt 21 in the axial direction thereof, respectively, a center 21c of the fixing belt 21 in the axial direction thereof interposed between both lateral ends 21b is flexibly deformable at a position other than the fixing nip N where the nip formation assembly 24 supports the fixing belt 21. Additionally, since the fixing belt 21 is shaped straight by the nip formation assembly 24 at the fixing nip N as shown in
With a configuration in which a length of the pressing roller 22 in the axial direction thereof is equivalent to a length of the fixing belt 21 in the axial direction thereof and the pressing roller 22 overlaps the belt holder 40 in the axial direction of the pressing roller 22, one of both lateral ends 21b and their vicinity of the fixing belt 21 in the axial direction thereof may be damaged when the fixing belt 21 is used indefinitely. For example, a border between the center 21c and each lateral end 21b of the fixing belt 21 in the axial direction thereof may be cracked or streaked in a circumferential direction of the fixing belt 21. Specifically, cracks or streaks may appear along an inward edge 403 of the tube 40a other than an outer circumferential chamfer 402 of the tube 40a. Damage to the fixing belt 21 may arise as the fixing belt 21 receives three forces, that is, a first shear force at the fixing nip N, a second shear force at each lateral edge 21a of the fixing belt 21, and various bending forces at two or more positions on the fixing belt 21. For example, the first shear force may be exerted to the fixing belt 21 by the pressing roller 22 frictionally sliding over the nip formation pad 24 via the fixing belt 21 at the fixing nip N as shown by the arrows S1 and S2 in
To address this problem, as shown in
For example, the interval L corresponding to the non-overlap band M has a length of about 3 mm or more, preferably about 5 mm or more, in the axial direction of the fixing belt 21.
With reference to
Like in the fixing device 20 depicted in
The non-overlap band M corresponding to the interval L is created on the outer circumferential surface of the fixing belt 21 along the circumferential direction thereof, which contacts none of the pressing roller 22, the nip formation assembly 24S, and the belt holder 40S. The non-overlap band M of the fixing belt 21 is isolated from the pressing roller 22, the nip formation assembly 24S, and the belt holder 40S and therefore is flexibly deformable. Accordingly, concentration of the above-described stresses caused by the first shear force, the second shear force, and the bending forces on a region of the fixing belt 21 in proximity to the inward edge 403 of the tube 40Sa is minimized, enhancing durability of the fixing belt 21.
With reference to
With reference to
The fixing device 20U includes the belt holder 40 shown in
As shown in
With reference to
The fixing devices 20, 20S, 20T, and 20U include the endless fixing belt 21 serving as an endless belt rotatable in the rotation direction R3; the belt holder (e.g., the belt holders 40 and 40S) contacting and supporting each lateral end 21b of the fixing belt 21 in the axial direction thereof; the heater (e.g., one or more halogen heaters 23) to heat the fixing belt 21; the nip formation assembly (e.g., the nip formation assemblies 24, 24S, and 24U) disposed inside the loop formed by the fixing belt 21; and the pressing roller 22 serving as an opposed rotary body pressed against the nip formation assembly via the fixing belt 21 to form the fixing nip N between the pressing roller 22 and the fixing belt 21. The pressing roller 22 is isolated from the belt holder with the interval L, that is, a first interval, interposed therebetween in the axial direction of the fixing belt 21, thus creating the non-overlap band M on the outer circumferential surface of the fixing belt 21, which contacts neither the pressing roller 22 nor the belt holder. The non-overlap band M minimizes concentration of various stresses exerted on the fixing belt 21 and thereby prevents damage to each lateral end 21b and its vicinity of the fixing belt 21 indefinitely.
For example, the belt holder includes the tube (e.g., the tubes 40a, 40Sa, and 40Ta) disposed opposite the inner circumferential surface of the fixing belt 21 and the flange 40b projecting beyond the tube in the diametrical direction of the tube. The inward edge 403 of the tube is isolated from the lateral edge 22a of the pressing roller 22 in the axial direction of the fixing belt 21 with the interval L therebetween. The interval L is not smaller than about 5 mm in the axial direction of the fixing belt 21.
As shown in
As shown in
It is preferable that the fixing belt 21 rotates in accordance with rotation of the pressing roller 22.
As shown in
As shown in
According to the exemplary embodiments described above, the pressing roller 22 serves as an opposed rotary body disposed opposite the fixing belt 21. Alternatively, a pressing belt or the like may serve as an opposed rotary body. Further, the halogen heater 23 disposed inside the fixing belt 21 serves as a heater that heats the fixing belt 21. Alternatively, the halogen heater 23 may be disposed outside the fixing belt 21.
The present invention has been described above with reference to specific exemplary embodiments. Note that the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments described above, but various modifications and enhancements are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore to be understood that the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. For example, elements and/or features of different illustrative exemplary embodiments may be combined with each other and/or substituted for each other within the scope of the present invention.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2012-003264 | Jan 2012 | JP | national |
This patent application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/848,124, filed Sep. 8, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/508,694 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,152,108), filed Oct. 7, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/677,597 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,886,101), filed on Nov. 15, 2012, in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, which is based on and claims priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-003264, filed on Jan. 11, 2012, in the Japanese Patent Office; the entire contents of each of the above are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 14848124 | Sep 2015 | US |
Child | 15797967 | US | |
Parent | 14508694 | Oct 2014 | US |
Child | 14848124 | US | |
Parent | 13677597 | Nov 2012 | US |
Child | 14508694 | US |