Patent Application
20160062281
The present invention relates to a fixing device suitable for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus in which a toner image formed on a recording material by using an electrophotographic image forming process is fixed on the recording material by heat-melting the toner image. Examples of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus include an electrophotographic copying machine, an electrophotographic printer (laser beam printer, LED printer or the like), and so on.
As a conventional fixing device to be mounted in the image forming apparatus of an electrophotographic type, there is a fixing device including a heater as a heating member including a heat generating resistor on a ceramic substrate. This fixing device further includes a fixing film as a film-like fixing member rotating in contact with the heater and a pressing roller as a rotatable pressing member to be pressed against the fixing film toward the heater. The recording material carrying an unfixed toner image is heated at a press-contact portion (hereinafter referred to as a fixing nip) formed by pressing the pressing roller against the fixing film toward the heater while being nipped and fed through the fixing nip, so that the toner image on the recording material is heat-fixed on the recording material.
This fixing device has such an advantage that a time required from start of energization (electric energy (power) supply) to the heater until a temperature of the heater increases up to a fixable temperature is short. Accordingly, a printer in which the fixing device is mounted is small in electric power consumption during stand-by in which the printer waits a print instruction, so that a time from after input of the print instruction until an image formed on a first sheet is outputted can be shortened.
In the fixing device of the film heating type as described above, as a means for improving a toner image fixing property in an electric power saving manner, a constitution in which a pressing center line of a pressing roller is provided downstream of a center line of a heater with respect to a recording material feeding direction has been proposed (Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application 2006-171630).
In such a fixing device, in preparation for generation of abnormal temperature rise of the heater, a thermo-sensitive member (thermo-switch, temperature fuse or the like) for interrupting energization to a heat generating resistor is provided. In general, the thermo-sensitive member is, as shown in
However, in the fixing device disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application 2006-171630, in the case where an upstream end of the heater protrudes outward from the fixing nip, in order to suppress the temperature of the thermo-sensitive member so as to be not more than the normal usable temperature, there is a need to further suppress the energization to the heater. For this reason, the fixing film temperature lowers, so that a fixing property and glossiness of an output image lower as specifically described below.
That is, in the above-described fixing device, in order to reduce thermal capacity for the purpose of downsizing the fixing device and shortening a first-print-out time of the direction, a diameter of the pressing roller is made small in some cases. In the cases, with respect to the recording material feeding direction, the fixing nip narrows, and therefore the heater upstream end protrudes outward from the fixing nip in some cases. In the cases, during normal use, in an upstream side of the heater, an amount of heat conduction to the pressing roller via the fixing nip decreases, and therefore a degree of temperature rise becomes large.
For that reason, a degree of temperature rise of the thermo-sensitive member disposed on the back surface of the heater becomes large, so that the temperature exceeds a normal usable temperature, and therefore an unintended operation (energization interruption) is liable to generate. In order to obviate this operation of the thermo-sensitive member, although there is a need to control the temperature of the heater during normal use at a certain temperature or less, the temperature of the fixing film lowers and thus sufficient heat cannot be given to the toner image, and therefore the fixing property and the glossiness of the output image lower.
Further, as a means for solving this problem, in the case where a heat generating resistor pattern is disposed so that heat generation of the heater is more suppressed in the upstream side than in the downstream side or in the case where a resistance of a heat generating resistor is charged between the upstream side and the downstream side, the following problem generates. That is, in the case where abnormal temperature rise generates during stop of the fixing device, a difference in thermal stress in the ceramic substrate of the heater with respect to the recording material feeding direction becomes remarkably large, so that there is a possibility that the difference leads to breakage or crack of the heater.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fixing device for fixing a toner image on a recording material by heating the recording material on which the toner image is formed while feeding the recording material, the fixing device comprising: a cylindrical film; a plate-like heater contacting an inner surface of the film; a roller for forming a nip in cooperation with the heater through the film; and a thermo-sensitive member for detecting a temperature of the heater to interrupt electric power supply to the heater when the temperature of the heater reaches an abnormal temperature, wherein the heater has a heat generating pattern symmetric with respect to a center line thereof extending in a direction perpendicular to a recording material feeding direction, and wherein the thermo-sensitive member is provided in a side which is opposite from a surface of the heater contacting the inner surface of the film and which is downstream of the center line of the heater with respect to the recording material feeding direction.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon a consideration of the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
A structure of a direction according to First Embodiment of the present invention will be described using
The fixing device of a film heating type in this embodiment includes a cylindrical fixing film 1, as a first rotatable member, having flexibility, and includes a plate-like heater 2 contacting an inner surface of the fixing film 1. The fixing device further includes a pressing roller 3 as a second rotatable member pressed against the fixing film 1 toward the heater 2. The heater 2 and the pressing roller 3 opposing the fixing film 1 cooperate to form a fixing nip N where the recording material is nipped and fed.
A thickness of the fixing film 1 may preferably be 20 μm or more and 60 μm or less in order to ensure a good heat conduction property. As the fixing film 1, a single-layer film of a material such as PTFE, PFA or PPS or a composite-layer film obtained by coating a surface of a base layer of a material such as polyimide, polyamideimide, PEEK or PES with a parting layer of a material such as PTFE, PFA or FEP may suitably be used.
Further, another composite-layer film obtained by using a base layer of pure metal, such as SUS, Al, Ni, Cu or Zn or an alloy thereof, which has a high-heat-conductive property and then by coating the base layer with the above-described parting layer or with a fluorine-containing resin tube as a parting layer may also be suitably used. In this embodiment, as the fixing film 1, a film obtained by subjecting a polyimide base layer of 18 mm in inner diameter and 50 μm in thickness to coating with PFA to form an about 15 μm-thick parting layer was used.
The heater 2 contacting the inner surface (a position corresponding to the fixing nip N) of the fixing film 1 includes an elongated heater substrate 2a extending in a longitudinal direction. As the substrate 2a, an insulating ceramic substrate of alumina, aluminum nitride or the like, or a heat-resistant resin substrate of polyimide, PPS, a liquid crystal polymer or the like is used. On one surface of the substrate 2a, along the longitudinal direction, a heat generating resistor 2b of Ag/Pd (silver/palladium), RuO2 or Ta2N is coated and formed by screen printing or the like.
For the purposes of protecting the heat generating resistor 2b and of ensuring insulation of the heat generating resistor 2b, an insulating protective layer 2c formed of, e.g., glass, polyimide or the like is provided on one surface of the substrate 2a so as to cover the heat generating resistor 2b. A temperature detecting element 15 such as a thermistor contacts a back surface (opposite from the surface in a side corresponding to the fixing nip N) of the heater substrate 2a, and depending on a detection temperature of this temperature detecting element 15, energization to the heat generating resistor 2b is controlled.
The pressing roller 3 includes a core metal 3a of a material such as iron or aluminum, an elastic layer 3b of a material such as silicone rubber, and a parting layer 3c of a material such as PFA. In this embodiment, the silicone rubber layer is formed in a thickness of 3.5 t on the iron-made core metal of 11 mm in diameter, and thereon, a 40 μm-thick PFA tube is coated. A hardness of the pressing roller 3 was 55° as measured by Asker-C hardness meter under a load of 1 kg.
A heater holder 5 as a back-up member is formed of a heat-resistant resin material such as the liquid crystal polymer, PPS or PEEK, and engages with a fixing stay 4 held at longitudinal end portions thereof by a (fixing) device frame. Then, a pressing spring (not shown) as a pressing means presses the longitudinal end portions of the stay 4, whereby the heater holder 5 is pressed toward the pressing roller 3 side.
The fixing stay 4 as the back-up member uses a rigid material such as iron, stainless steel, SUM or “ZINKOTE” (zinc-coated) steel plate in order to uniformly apply a pressure, received at a longitudinal ends thereof, in a longitudinal direction of the heater holder 5, and a cross-sectional shape thereof is made a U-character shape, so that rigidity thereof is enhanced. As a result, in a state in which flexure of the heater holder 5 is suppressed, between the heater holder 5 and the pressing roller 3, the fixing nip N is formed.
In this embodiment, as the material for the heater holder 5, the liquid crystal polymer is used, and as the material for the fixing stay 4, the “ZINKOTE” steel plate is used. Further, the pressure applied to the pressing roller 3 is 180 N, and at this time, a width of the fixing nip N with respect to the recording material feeding direction is about 6 mm.
The pressing roller 3 forming the fixing nip N in cooperation with the heater 2 and the heater holder 5 rotates in an arrow direction by receiving power from an unshown motor. By rotation of the pressing roller 3, the fixing film 1 is rotated in an arrow direction at a certain speed. In this embodiment, a rotational speed of the motor was set so that a recording material feeding speed is 40 mm/sec. The heater holder 5 not only forms the fixing nip N in cooperation with the pressing roller 3 while holding the heater 2 but also has the function as a guide for guiding rotation of the fixing film 1 by ribs 5a.
In the fixing device described above, the recording material P is nipped and fed in the fixing nip N, whereby the unfixed toner image T on the recording material P is heat-fixed on the recording material P.
In the fixing device in this embodiment, as shown in
A width of the heat generating resistor 2b is 5.5 mm, and a distance from an upstream end of the substrate 2a with respect to the recording material feeding direction and an upstream end of the heat generating resistor 2b with respect to the recording material feeding direction is 0.5 mm. The heat generating resistor 2b is disposed symmetricly with respect to a heater center line H corresponding to a center line of the substrate 2a with respect to the recording material feeding direction.
Feature of this Embodiment
The heater 2 is formed so that a heat generation amount is the same between an upstream side and a downstream side on the basis of the center line with respect to the recording material feeding direction. The upstream end of the heater 2 protrudes from the upstream end of the fixing nip N, i.e., the upstream end of the heater 2 is positioned in a side upstream of the upstream end of the fixing nip N.
Further, with respect to the recording material feeding direction, a pressing center line F passing through a position of a rotational axis of the pressing roller 3 is shifted toward a side downstream of the center line of the substrate of the heater 2 by 1.2 mm. For this reason, the center line of the heater 2 is shifted toward a side upstream of the center line passing through the rotational axis of the pressing roller 3, so that the upstream end of the heater 2 protrudes from the fixing nip N.
A temperature fuse 6 as a thermo-sensitive member is disposed in contact with the back surface of the heater 2. The temperature fuse 6 as the thermo- sensitive member interrupts supply of electric power to the heater 2 when the temperature of the heater 2 reaches an abnormal temperature. A center line S of the temperature fuse 6 with respect to the recording material feeding direction is disposed in a side downstream of the center line H of the heater 2 (specifically by 0.5 mm) as described later with respect to the reason therefor. An operation temperature of the temperature fuse 6 is 228° C., and a normal usable temperature is determined as 215° C.
Action of this Embodiment
A schematic diagram of a temperature distribution at the back surface of the heater 2 in the fixing device is shown in
During normal use, compared with the upstream side, the back surface temperature of the heater 2 lowers in the downstream side. This is because the pressing center line F is disposed downstream of the heater center line H and thus a contact area between the heater 2 and the film 1 is larger in the downstream side than in the upstream side, and therefore heat is taken from the heater 2 toward the pressing roller 3 in a larger amount in the downstream side than in the upstream side. At this time, with respect to the heater back surface temperature, a temperature T1 at the heater center line H is 220 ° C. which exceeds the normal usable temperature, and on the other hand, a temperature T0 of the temperature fuse center line S is 215° C., i.e., is controlled so as to full within a range of not more than the normal usable temperature.
In this embodiment, the temperature fuse 6 as the thermo-sensitive member is shifted from the heater center line H along which the temperature fuse 6 has been conventionally disposed to the downstream center line S, whereby the electric power supplied to the heater 2 is increased compared with that in the conventional fixing device while maintaining the temperature of the temperature fuse 6, and thus the fixing film 1 is used at a higher temperature. This will be specifically described below.
Here, the fixing film temperature is a temperature when glossy paper is passed through the fixing device in an environment of room temperature of 15° C. and a humidity of 10% RH. Incidentally, the necessary electric power supplied to the heater when the temperature is controlled at 215° C. is determined on the basis of the position (with respect to the recording material feeding direction) and a detection temperature of the temperature detecting element 15 so that the temperature of the temperature fuse 6 as the thermo-sensitive member corresponds to 215° C. The position of the temperature detecting element 15 with respect to the recording material feeding direction can be arbitrarily set, and in
At the conventional heater central position H where the thermo-sensitive member (temperature fuse) is disposed, a fixing film temperature T3 when the energization is controlled so that a target temperature is 215° C. was 180° C. On the other hand, at a position S where the thermo-sensitive member (temperature fuse) in this embodiment is disposed, a fixing film temperature T4 increases to 185° C. This is because the heater back surface temperature is lower in the downstream side than in the upstream side with respect to the recording material feeding direction (
In the above-described fixing device, heat can be supplied to the toner image T on the recording material P by the fixing film higher in temperature, and therefore it became possible to obtain higher degrees of a fixing property and image glossiness. Specifically, in the fixing device described above, when the image glossiness during passing of the glossy paper carrying thereon the toner image was measured, in the case where energization was controlled so that the temperature at the heater center line H was 215° C. as in the conventional constitution, the image glossiness was 60. On the other hand, in the case where energization was controlled so that the temperature at the temperature fuse center line S was 215° C. as in this embodiment, the image glossiness was increased to 65.
For measurement of the image glossiness, a gloss meter (“PG-2”, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.) is used. The paper carrying thereon the toner image was passed through the fixing device, and an image obtained by once applying an adhesive tape onto an output image and then by peeling off the adhesive tape was compared. In the conventional constitution, the image was largely destroyed, and on the other hand, in the constitution of this embodiment, the image was improved to the extent that a point-peeling-off of about 0.5 mm in diameter generated.
On the other hand, during abnormal temperature rise, the back surface temperature of the heater 2 shown in
In this embodiment, due to layout constraint of the fixing device, the position of the temperature fuse center line S was 0.5 mm downstream of the position of the heater center line H. In a fixing device in which the position of the temperature fuse center line S can be made further downstream of the position of the heater center line H, the above-described functional effect can be obtained in a larger degree, and it is possible to use the fixing film 1 at a higher temperature.
As described above, in this embodiment, the pressing center line F is disposed downstream of the heater center line H, and the temperature fuse 6 as the thermo-sensitive member is disposed downstream of the heater center line H in contact with the heater 2.
As a result, the temperature rise of the temperature fuse 6 during normal use is suppressed and thus the fixing film 1 can be used at a higher temperature, and therefore it is possible to obtain higher degrees of the fixing property and the image glossiness.
A structure of a fixing device according to Second Embodiment of the present invention will be described using
Embodiment 1 except for the following point, and therefore will be omitted from redundant description.
In this embodiment, heat generating resistors 2b and 2d are provided in a plurality of regions of the heater with respect to the recording material feeding direction (i.e., the heater is divided and provided in the upstream side and the downstream side on the basis of a center line with respect to the recording material feeding direction), so that the effect shown in First Embodiment can be obtained in a larger degree.
In the fixing device in this embodiment, the heater 2 shown in
A width of each of the heat generating resistor 2b and the heat generating resistor 2d is 1.0 mm, and a distance from an upstream end of the substrate 2a with respect to the recording material feeding direction and an upstream end of the heat generating resistor 2d with respect to the recording material feeding direction is 0.5 mm, and a distance from a downstream end of the substrate 2a to a downstream end of the heat generating resistor 2b with respect to the recording material feeding direction is 0.5 mm. These (two) heat generating resistors are disposed symmetricly with respect to the heat center line H. As a result, the heat generating resistors are formed so that a heat generation amount is the same between the upstream side and the downstream side on the basis of the heater center line with respect to the recording material feeding direction. That is, the heater 2 has a symmetric heat generation pattern with respect to the center line H of the heater 2 along the recording material feeding direction.
On the other hand, with respect to the recording material feeding direction, the pressing center line F of the pressing roller F is shifted downstream of the substrate center line of the heater 2 by 1.2 mm. For this reason, the upstream end of the heater 2 protrudes from the upstream end of the fixing nip N. A part of the heat generating resistor 2d protrudes from the fixing nip N. An entirety of the heat generating resistor 2d may also protrude from the fixing nip N.
A temperature fuse 6 is disposed in contact with the back surface of the heater 2. A center line S of the temperature fuse 6 with respect to the recording material feeding direction is disposed in a side downstream of the center line H of the heater 2 by 0.5 mm. The temperature fuse 6 openable at 228° C. is used.
Action of this Embodiment
A schematic diagram of a temperature distribution at the back surface of the heater 2 in the fixing device is shown in
During normal use, similarly as in First Embodiment, the back surface temperature of the heater 2 lowers from the upstream side toward the downstream side. Further, in this embodiment, the temperatures in the neighborhoods of the upstream end and the downstream end of the heater substrate are increased compared with those in First Embodiment. This is attributable to a difference in heat generation amount between a central portion where there is no heat generating resistor and the neighborhood of the downstream-side heat generating resistor 2b. At this time, although, a temperature T1 at the heater center line H is 220° C. which exceeds the normal usable temperature, a temperature T0 of the temperature fuse center line S is 215° C., i.e., is controlled so as to full within a range of not more than the normal usable temperature.
In the above-described fixing device, by providing the heat generating resistors at positions other than the temperature fuse position on the heater 2, the fixing film 1 is used at a temperature higher than the temperature in First Embodiment. This is because the heat generation amount in the neighborhood of each of the upstream end and the downstream end of the heater 2 increases, and in this embodiment, the fixing film temperature when the glossy paper was passed through the fixing device in an environment of room temperature of 15° C. and a humidity of 10% RH was increased to 190° C.
Also, in the fixing device described above, when the image glossiness during passing of the glossy paper carrying thereon the toner image was measured, the output image glossiness in First Embodiment was 65, and on the other hand, the output image glossiness in this embodiment was increased to 70. The paper carrying thereon the toner image was passed through the fixing device, and an image obtained by once applying an adhesive tape onto an output image and then by peeling off the adhesive tape was compared. In First Embodiment, the point-peeling-off of about 0.5 mm in diameter generated, and on the other hand, in this embodiment, there was no first breakage (peeling-off).
In this embodiment, a largest functional effect is obtained by disposing the thermo-sensitive member at a minimum position S of the temperature distribution shown in
As described above, in this embodiment, with respect to the recording material feeding direction on the heater 2, there is no heat generating resistor at the central portion, and the plurality of the heat generating resistors are disposed separately and symmetricly with respect to the center line in the upstream side and the downstream side, respectively.
Further, the pressing center line F is disposed downstream of the heater center line H, and the temperature fuse 6 is disposed downstream of the heater center line H in contact with the heater 2. As a result, the temperature rise of the temperature fuse 6 during normal use is remarkably suppressed and thus the fixing film 1 can be used at a higher temperature, so that it is possible to obtain higher degrees of the fixing property and the image glossiness.
In the above, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and can be variously modified and changed within the scope thereof. For example, in the above-described embodiments, the heat generation pattern is symmetric between the upstream side and the downstream side, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Even when the heat generation pattern is not symmetric between the upstream side and the downstream side, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Even when the heat generation pattern is not symmetric between the upstream side and the downstream side, the heater temperature during rotation of the rotatable member can be made lower in the side upstream of the center of the heater than in the side downstream of the center of the heater with respect to the recording material feeding direction. This is attributable to the fact that the pressure by the roller is weaker in the upstream side of the heater than in the downstream side of the heater and thus heat is less taken in the upstream side than in the downstream side.
In such a situation, by disposing the thermo- sensitive member in a side downstream of the central portion of the heater, temperature rise of the thermo- sensitive member during normal use is suppressed. For this reason, the fixing member can be controlled at a high temperature without causing an unintended operation (energization interruption) of the thermo- sensitive member. As a result, heat can be supplied in a larger amount to the toner image, so that it becomes possible to improve the fixing property and the glossiness of the output image.
While the invention has been described with reference to the structures disclosed herein, it is not confined to the details set forth and this application is intended to cover such modifications or changes as may come within the purpose of the improvements or the scope of the following claims.
This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-175037 filed on Aug. 29, 2014, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-175037 | Aug 2014 | JP | national |
