Patent Application
20170102651
The present invention relates to a fixing device (image heating apparatus) suitable as a fixing device to be mounted in an image forming apparatus of an electrophotographic type, such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer.
Conventionally, fixing devices of a heating roller type, a film (belt) heating type and the like have been known. Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application (JP-A) 2014-238560 discloses an image heating apparatus (fixing device) of the film heating type in which a heat-conductive member is provided on a back surface of a heater and thus so-called non-sheet-passing portion temperature rise (temperature rise at non-passing portion of a recording material) is suppressed. This apparatus solves a problem such that a non-sheet-passing portion temperature rise suppressing effect lowers due to shift of the heat-conductive member relative to a supporting member, by providing the heat-conductive member with locking portions at end portions with respect to a recording material feeding direction and by locking the heat-conductive member to the supporting member with the locking portions with respect to a direction perpendicular to the recording material feeding direction.
The present invention relates to further improvement of the above-described fixing device. Specifically, even when a preventing portion is provided for preventing positional deviation of the heat-conductive member with respect to a longitudinal direction, in some cases, when a heat cycle was repeated, the heat-conductive member was positionally deviated (shifted) from the heater. Particularly, in the case where an aluminum material having high thermal conductivity is used as the heat-conductive member and in the case where the heat-conductive member is decreased in thickness and is used for suppressing thermal capacity, in some cases, a strength of the heat-conductive member was weak and was lower than a force of movement of the heat-conductive member due to thermal expansion, so that the preventing portion was deformed and thus the heat-conductive member was positionally deviated.
When the preventing portion of the heat-conductive member was deformed, also a contact surface with the heater was deformed and thus a contact property with the heater was lowered in some cases. When the heat-conductive member is spaced from the heater, the heater increases in temperature (temperature rise) at that portion, so that temperature non-uniformity generates with respect to a longitudinal direction of the heater. It would also be considered that the longitudinal temperature non-uniformity causes first defect as uneven glossiness on an image and that heat loss of a heater holder and a pressing roller is caused when a degree of the temperature rise of the heater is high. Further, when the heat-conductive member is positionally deviated from the heater by the heat cycle, as described above, it would be considered that improper fixing at the end portion and breakage of the fixing member generate.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fixing device for fixing an image on a recording material, comprising: a cylindrical belt; a heater for heating the belt, said heater including an elongated substrate and a heat generating resistor provided on the substrate; a heat-conductive member contacting a surface of the heater opposite from a belt contacting surface of the heater, wherein the heat-conductive member has thermal conductivity higher than that of the substrate; a supporting member for supporting the heater through the heat-conductive member; and a pressing member for forming a nip through the belt in cooperation with the heater, wherein in the nip, the image is fixed on the recording material by being heated while the recording material on which the image is formed is fed, wherein the nip includes a region where a width of the nip with respect to a feeding direction of the recording material gradually increases from a longitudinal central portion toward a longitudinal end portion, and wherein the heat-conductive member includes a preventing portion for preventing movement thereof relative to the supporting member in a longitudinal direction of the heater, the preventing portion being provided in a region of the heat-conductive member corresponding to a position of the nip closer to the longitudinal end portion than to the longitudinal central portion.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fixing device for fixing an image on a recording material, comprising: a cylindrical belt; a heater for heating the belt, and heater including an elongated substrate and a heat generating resistor provided on the substrate; a heat-conductive member contacting a surface of the heater opposite from a belt contacting surface of the heater, wherein the heat-conductive member has thermal conductivity higher than that of the substrate; a supporting member for supporting the heater through the heat-conductive member; and a pressing member for forming a nip through the belt in cooperation with the heater, wherein in the nip, the image is fixed on the recording material by being heated while the recording material on which the image is formed is fed, wherein the nip includes a region where a width of the nip with respect to a feeding direction of the recording material gradually increases from a longitudinal end portion toward a longitudinal central portion, and wherein the heat-conductive member includes a preventing portion for preventing movement thereof relative to the supporting member in a longitudinal direction of the heater, the preventing portion being provided in a region of the heat-conductive member corresponding to a position of the nip closer to the longitudinal central portion than to the longitudinal end portion.
Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In
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In
In
A surface of the rotating photosensitive drum 1 is electrically charged to a negative polarity by the charger 2, and the charged surface of the photosensitive drum 1 is subjected to laser scanning exposure by the exposure device 5. The laser light L has been modulated correspondingly to image information, and an electrostatic latent image corresponding to a scanning exposure pattern is formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum 1. At an exposed portion, a surface potential of the photosensitive drum 1 increases. The electrostatic latent image is developed into a toner image by the developing device 5 containing a black toner. The toner in this embodiment is negatively charged, so that the negative toner is deposited on the photosensitive drum 1 only at an electrostatic latent image portion, and thus the toner image is formed on the photosensitive drum 1.
The sheet P is fed by a feeding roller 4 and is conveyed by a conveying roller pair 6 to a transfer nip N which is a contact portion between the photosensitive drum 1 and the transfer roller 10. To the transfer roller 10, a transfer bias of a positive polarity which is an opposite polarity to a charge polarity of the toner is applied from a power (voltage) source (not shown), so that the toner image is transferred from the photosensitive drum 1 onto the sheet P at the transfer nip N. After the transfer, the photosensitive drum 1 is subjected to removal of a transfer residual toner remaining on the surface thereof by the photosensitive drum cleaner 16 provided with an elastic blade.
The sheet P on which the toner image is carried is fed and introduced into a fixing device as an image heating apparatus, and the toner image is heated and fixed on the surface of the sheet P. Then, the sheet P is discharged as an image-formed product only a tray 11.
The fixing device 100 in this embodiment is an image heating apparatus (OMF: on-demand fixing device) of a film (belt) heating type for the purpose of shortening of rise time and electric power saving.
A sectional view of a principal part of the fixing device 100 in this embodiment is shown in (a) of
The fixing device 100 includes a film unit (belt unit) 101 and a pressing roller 100 as an elastic rotatable member (pressing member). The film unit 101 and the pressing roller 110 are provided substantially in parallel with each other, so that a nip (fixing nip) No is formed by the fixing film 112 of the film unit 101 and by the pressing roller 110.
The film unit 101 includes the fixing film 112 which is a rotatable endless belt loosely fitted around the inside members. Inside the fixing film 112, the heater 113 as a heating member, the heat-conductive member 140, and the heater holder 130 as a holding member (supporting member) for holding (supporting) the heater 113 and the heat-conductive member 140 are disposed. In addition, a temperature detecting element (temperature sensor) 115, a stay 120 for supporting the heater holder 130, and flange members 150 provided in one end side and the other end side are disposed inside the fixing film 112.
The flange members 150 provided in one end side and the other end side are engaged and fixed with the stay 120 in one end side and the other end side, respectively. The fixing film 112 is positioned between flange seats 150a of the flange members 150 in one end side and the other end side.
The heater holder 130 is a holding member for holding the heater 113 in a fixed state and may preferably be formed of a low thermal capacity material so that heat of the heater 13 is not readily taken. In this embodiment, a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) which is a heat-resistant resin material was used. The heater holder 130 is supported by the stay 120 formed of iron, from a side opposite from the heater 113. The heater holder 130 is not necessarily be required to hold the heater 113 in a fixed state, but may also support the heater 113 in contact with the heater 113.
A core metal 117 of the pressing roller 110 is rotatably supported by a fixing device casing (not shown) through bearings 132 in one end side and the other end side. The film unit 101 is disposed inside the fixing device casing substantially in parallel with the pressing roller 110 so that the inside heater 113 is disposed opposed to the pressing roller 110. Further, a predetermined pressure is applied to each of the flange members 150 in one end side and the other end side in an arrow A2 direction by pressing springs 114. By this pressure, the stay 120 is pressed and urged in a direction toward the pressing roller 110.
For that reason, a surface (first surface) of the heater 113 held by the heater holder 130 and a part of a surface of the heater holder 130 are press-contacted to the fixing film 112 toward the pressing roller 110 against elasticity of an elastic layer 116 of the pressing roller 110. The (first) surface of the heater 113 contacts an inner surface of the fixing film 112 and forms an inner surface nip Ni where the fixing film 112 is heated from the inner surface side. Further, the fixing film 112 is press-contacted to the pressing roller 110 so that the heater 113 opposes the pressing roller 110, so that the fixing nip No is formed between an outer surface of the fixing film 112 and the pressing roller 110.
The pressing roller 110 is rotationally driven at a predetermined speed in the counterclockwise direction indicated by an arrow R1 direction of (a) of
With the rotational drive of this pressing roller 110, the fixing film 112 is rotated. That is, the fixing film 112 is rotated by the pressing roller 110 in the clockwise direction indicated by an arrow R2 around the heater 113, the heater holder 130 and the stay 120 while sliding at its inner peripheral surface in contact with a part of the surface of the heater 113 and the surface of the heater holder 130 at the fixing nip No.
Each of the flange seat portions 150a of the flange members 150 provided in one end side and the other end side receives a fixing film end surface and thus prevents movement of the fixing film 112 in one longitudinal width end direction with rotation of the fixing film 112. Further, film inner surface guiding portions 150b of the flange members 150 provided in one end side and the other end side support the fixing film 112 at end portions, respectively, from an inside of the fixing film 112, and guide the rotating fixing film 112 (determination of rotation locus).
The heater 113 is abruptly heated by heat generation by electric power supply from an electric power supplying portion 501 (
In a state in which the pressing roller 110 is rotationally driven and the heater 113 is increased to and toner-controlled at the predetermined temperature, the sheet P on which an unfixed toner image is formed at the image forming portion is fed and introduced into the fixing nip Ho in an arrow A1 direction. The sheet P is introduced so that an image surface faces the fixing film 112. Then, the sheet P is nipped and fed at the fixing nip No and thus is heated and pressed by heat of the fixing film 112 heated by the heater 113 and by a nip pressure, so that the unfixed toner image T is fixed as a fixed image on the sheet P.
In the fixing device in this embodiment, the sheets P having various (large and small) width sizes are passed through the fixing nip No on the basis of a center (line) of an associated sheet width (so-called center (line) basis feeding). In (b) of
The fixing film 112 in this embodiment is a flexible heat-resistant member having a substantially thin cylindrical shape having an outer diameter of 20 mm by its own elasticity in a free state in which an external force is not applied to the fixing film 112 and thus the fixing film 112 is not deformed. The fixing film 112 has a multi-layer structure with respect to a thickness direction. The layer structure of the fixing film 112 is consisting of a base layer 126 for maintaining film strength and a parting layer 127 for lowering a degree of deposition of a contaminant on the surface of the fixing film 112.
A material of the base layer 126 is subjected to heat of the heater 113, and therefore is required to have a heat-resistant property. Further, the fixing film 112 slides with the heater 113, and therefore is required to have strength. For that reason, it is preferable that a metal material such as SUS (stainless used steel: stainless steel) or nickel or a heat-resistant resin material is used. The metal material has the strength larger than that of the resin material, and therefore, can be formed in a thin layer, and also has a thermal conductivity higher than that of the resin material, and therefore, readily conduct heat of the heater 113 to the surface of the fixing film 112. The resin material is small in specific gravity compared with the metal material, and therefore, has an advantage that a thermal capacity thereof is small and thus the resin material easily warms. Further, the resin material can be molded in a thin film by coating molding, and therefore can be molded inexpensively.
In this embodiment, as a material of the base layer 126 of the fixing film 112, a polyimide resin material was used, and in order to improve the thermal conductivity and the strength, a carbon-based filler was added and the thus-obtained polyimide resin material was used. The thickness of the base layer 126 move easily conduct the heat of the heater 113 to the fixing film surface with a smaller thickness, but the strength of the base layer 126 lowers, and therefore, the thickness of the base layer 126 may preferably be about 15 μm-100 μm. In this embodiment, the thickness of the base layer 126 was 50 μm.
As the material of the parting layer 127 of the fixing film 112, it is preferable that a fluorine-containing resin material such as perfluoroalkoxy resin (PFA), polytetrafluoroethylene resin (PTFE) or tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene (FEP) is used. In this embodiment, of the fluorine-containing resin material, PFA excellent in parting property and heat-resistant property was used.
The parting layer 127 may also be formed by coating the surface of the base layer 126 with a tube or paint. In this embodiment, the parting layer 127 was molded by the coating with the paint excellent in thin layer molding property. The parting layer 127 more easily conduct the heat of the heater 113 to the surface of the fixing film 112 with a smaller thickness, but a durability thereof lowers when the parting layer 127 is excessively thin, and therefore may preferably be about 5 μm-30 μm in thickness. In this embodiment, the thickness of the parting layer 127 was 10 μm.
The pressing roller 110 in this embodiment is 20 mm in outer diameter, and on the core metal 117 formed of iron in a diameter of 12 mm, a 4 mm-thick elastic layer 116 (foamed rubber) formed with a foamed silicone rubber is formed. When the pressing roller 110 has large thermal capacity and large thermal conductivity, the heat of the surface of the pressing roller 110 is liable to be absorbed by an inside of the pressing roller 110, so that a surface temperature of the pressing roller 110 is not easily increased. That is, a rise time of the surface temperature of the pressing roller 110 can be shortened when the material having the low thermal capacity, the low thermal conductivity and a high heat-insulating effect to the possible extent is used.
The thermal conductivity of the foamed silicone rubber is 0.11-0.16 W/m·K and is lower than about 0.25-0.29 W/m·K of the solid rubber. Further, a specific gravity relating to the thermal capacity is about 1.05-1.30 for the solid rubber, and on the other hand, is about 0.45-0.85 for the foamed silicone rubber, and thus the foamed silicone rubber also has a low thermal capacity. Accordingly, the foamed silicone rubber can shorten a rise time of the surface temperature of the pressing roller 110.
The thermal capacity can be suppressed when the outer diameter of the pressing roller 110 is small, but when the outer diameter of the pressing roller 110 is excessively small, a widthwise width (short side width) of the fixing nip No narrows, and therefore, the pressing roller 110 is required to have a proper diameter. In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the pressing roller 110 was 20 mm. Also as regards the thickness of the elastic layer 116, when the thickness is excessively thin, the heat dissipates into the core metal, and therefore, the elastic layer 116 is required to have a proper thickness. In this embodiment, the thickness of the elastic layer 116 was 4 mm.
When the pressing roller 110 is heated, the temperature of the elastic layer 116 at longitudinal end portions is liable to lower by heat dissipation from longitudinal end surfaces of the core metal 117 and the elastic layer 116. For that reason, when the longitudinal width Wg of the elastic layer 116 is excessively narrower than the maximum sheet passing width X, a fixing property at the end portions is liable to lower, and when the longitudinal width Wg is excessively broader than the maximum sheet passing width X, a width of the image forming apparatus becomes large. In this embodiment, the longitudinal width Wg of the elastic layer 116 is set at a value which is larger than a letter size of 216 mm which is the maximum sheet passing width X by 5 mm at each of the left and right end portions, i.e., is set at 226 mm.
On the elastic layer 116, as a toner parting layer, a parting layer 118 of the perfluoroalkoxy resin (PFA) is formed. The parting layer 118 may also be coated with a tube or paint similarly as in the case of the parting layer 127 of the fixing film 112, but in this embodiment, the tube excellent in durability was used.
As the material of the parting layer 118, other than PFA, a fluorine-containing resin material such as PTFE or FEP, or a fluorine-containing rubber, a silicone rubber or the like which are excellent in parting property. As regards a surface hardness of the pressing roller 110, with a lower surface hardness, broader fixing nip No with respect to the widthwise width can be obtained by light pressure, but the durability lowers when the surface hardness is excessively low, and therefore in this embodiment, the surface hardness as Asker-C hardness (load: 4.9 N) was 40°.
The heater 113 in this embodiment is a general-purpose heater used in the image heating apparatus of the film heating type. That is, the heater 113 is a ceramic heater including an elongated ceramic substrate and a heat generating resistor, formed on the substrate along a longitudinal direction, for generating heat by electric power supply (energization).
A structure of the heater 113 in this embodiment will be described with reference to
A substrate 207 of the heater 113 is an alumina substrate of 6 mm in width (widthwise width) Wh ((a) of
In this embodiment, as regards the heater 113, a surface (side) where the glass layer 209 is formed as the heat generating element protecting layer is an image surface (front surface) (side) where the inner peripheral surface of the fixing film 112 contacts and slides with the glass layer 209, and a substrate surface (side) opposite from the first surface is a second surface (back surface) (side) where the heat-conductive member 140 contacts t heater 113 along a longitudinal direction thereof.
When the longitudinal width W of the heat generating resistors 201 and 202 is excessively narrower than the maximum sheet passing width X, a fixing property of the heater 113 at end portions is liable to lower by heat dissipation at end portions of the pressing roller 110. On the other hand, when the longitudinal width W is excessively broader than the maximum sheet passing width X, the temperature in a non-sheet-passing region is liable to rise in the case where small-sized sheets narrower than large-sized sheets are continuously passed through the fixing nip No. Therefore, when throughput down control such that the temperature is uniformized by increasing a sheet passing interval so that non-sheet-passing portion temperature rise does not exceed heat-resistant temperatures of constituent members of the film unit 101 and the pressing roller 110 is effected, productivity lowers.
For that reason, the longitudinal width W of the heat generating resistors 201 and 202 was set at value which is longer than the letter size width of 216 mm corresponding to the maximum sheet passing width X by 1 mm at each of longitudinal end portions of each of the heat generating resistors 201 and 202, i.e., was set at 218 mm.
The two heat generating resistors 201 and 202 are connected with each other via an electroconductive member 203 in one end side and thus are electrically conducted to each other. The heat generating resistors 201 and 202 are provided with electroconductive electrode portions 204 and 205, respectively, in the other end side. Through these electrode portions 204 and 205, electric power is supplied to the heat generating resistors 201 and 202, so that the heat generating resistors 201 and 202 generate heat.
A longitudinal width Wb of the substrate 207 of the heater 113 was 270 mm so that the heat generating resistor 201 and 202, the electroconductive member 203, the electrode portions 204 and 205, and the heat generating element protective layer 209 fall within the region of 270 mm in longitudinal width (length).
As shown in
Depending on detection temperature information of the temperature detecting element 115, the controller 500 properly controls a current caused to flow from the electric power supplying portion 501 to the heat generating resistors 201 and 202 through the electrode portions 204 and 205, whereby the temperature of the heater 113 is adjusted.
The temperature detecting element 115 detects the substrate temperature at a heater portion where sheets having any width including large, and small sheets have associated sheet passing regions. In this embodiment, the temperature detecting element 115 is contacted the heat-conductive member 140, which is provided on the back surface of the substrate and which is described later, by being inserted into a hole provided in the heater holder 130 toward the back surface of the substrate 207 of the heater 113. That is, the temperature detecting sensor 115 detects the temperature of the heater 113 through the heat-conductive member 140. In order to avoid complicatedness, the temperature detecting element 115 was omitted from the illustration in the figures other than
On the back surface (second surface) of the heater 113, as shown in (b) to (d) of
The heat-conductive member 140 is provided and sandwiched between the heater 113 and the heater holder 130.
As regards the material of the heat-conductive member 140, a temperature uniformizing effective on the members such as the heater 113, the fixing film 112 and the pressing roller 110 is higher when the material has thermal conductivity higher than thermal conductivity of the material of the substrate 207. The heat-conductive member 140 may be provided by coating silver paste having a high heat conductive property or by contact of a graphite sheet or a metal plate such as an aluminum plate.
In the case where the sheet or the metal plate is used as the heat-conductive member 140, there is an advantage that thermal capacity of the heat-conductive member 140 is easily adjusted by a thickness of the sheet or the metal plate. In this embodiment, the plate of aluminum which is relatively highly heat conductive among metals and which is inexpensive was used as the heat-conductive member 140. The heat-conductive member 140 has a higher temperature uniformizing effect with a larger thickness, and therefore as described above, productivity of the job in which the small-sized sheets narrower than the longitudinal width W of the heat generating resistors 201 and 202 are continuously passed through the fixing nip is improved.
However, the thermal capacity becomes large, and therefore the rise time of the heater 113 becomes slow. For that reason, it is desirable that the material and the thickness of the heat-conductive member 140 are adjusted in view of a balance between the productivity of the small-sized sheets during continuous sheet passing and the rise time of the heater 113.
As the heat-conductive member 140 in this embodiment, the aluminum plate having a thickness t of 0.5 mm and a width (widthwise width), with respect to the sheet feeding direction A1, of 6 mm which is equal to the widthwise width Wh of the substrate 207 of the heater 113. Further, alumina as the material of the substrate 207 of the heater 113 and aluminum as the material of the heat-conductive member 140 are different in thermal expansion coefficient, and therefore when a heat cycle of heating and cooling is repeated, the heat-conductive member 140 is deformed in some cases. For that reason, the heat-conductive member 140 in this embodiment has a constitution in which the heat-conductive member 140 is divided into two portions with respect to a longitudinal central portion in a feeding region of the sheet P.
As regards the division of the heat-conductive member 140, a longitudinal width of each of the heat-conductive members 140 becomes smaller than an increasing number of division with respect to the longitudinal direction, and therefore a heat expansion length also becomes smaller, so that the heat-conductive members 140 are not readily deformed. However, with the increasing number of division, a heat uniformizing effect on the heater 113 with respect to the longitudinal direction becomes small. Particularly, in order to uniformize a non-sheet-passing portion temperature with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heater 113 when the small-sized sheets are continuously passed through the fixing nip, it is desirable that the heat-conductive members 140 are extended over the non-sheet-passing region and the sheet passing region. In this embodiment, a constitution in which the heat-conductive member 140 was divided into two portions with respect to the longitudinal central portion was employed.
In
With an increasing longitudinal width of the heat-conductive member 140, the heat uniformizing effect on the heater 113 with respect to the longitudinal direction is higher, but in the case where the large-sized sheets having a large size such as a letter size are passed through the fixing nip, the heat of the heater 113 at the end portions is liable to dissipate. For that reason, it is desirable that positions of the longitudinal end portions of the heat-conductive member 140 are adjusted in view of a balance between the productivity of the small-sized sheets during the continuous sheet passing and a fixing property of the large-sized sheets with respect to the widthwise direction.
In this embodiment, the longitudinal width (longitudinal end portion positions) of the heat-conductive member 140 was made the same as the longitudinal width W of the heat generating resistors 201 and 202. The longitudinal width W of the heat generating resistors 201 and 202 are 218 mm and the division distance Y of the heat-conductive members 140 is 4 mm, and therefore a longitudinal width Wa of each of the divided heat-conductive members 140 positioned in one end side and the other end side is 107 mm.
Each of the heat-conductive members 140 is provided with a preventing portion 140a for preventing positional deviation thereof relative to the heater holder 130 with respect to the longitudinal direction. The preventing portion 140a of the heat-conductive member 140 is formed by bending process such that a part of the heat-conductive member 140 is bent in a direction of approaching the heater holder 130. On the other hand, the heater holder 130 is provided with a preventing groove 130a with which the preventing portion 140a of the heat-conductive member 140 is engageable. By engagement of the preventing portion 140a of the heat-conductive member 140 with the preventing groove 130a of the heater holder 130, the heat-conductive member 140 and the heater holder 130 are prevented from moving in the longitudinal direction.
The width (widthwise width) of the fixing nip No with respect to the sheet feeding direction A1 and a longitudinal pressure distribution in this embodiment will be described. The fixing nip No in this embodiment is constituted so that the widthwise width is larger at the longitudinal end portions than at the longitudinal central portion. At the end portions of the pressing roller 110, the temperature is liable to lower and therefore the fixing property is liable to lower. For that reason, in this embodiment, a constitution in which pressure at the end portions of the pressing roller 110 is made higher than pressure at the longitudinal central portion of the pressing roller 110 and thus the widthwise width of the fixing nip No at the longitudinal end portions is made larger than the widthwise width of the fixing nip No at the longitudinal central portion is employed. That is, in this embodiment, the fixing nip No includes a region where the widthwise width gradually increases from the longitudinal central portion toward the longitudinal end portions. Further, the fixing nip No includes a region where the pressure gradually increases from the longitudinal central portion toward the longitudinal end portions.
In
When the stay 120 and the pressing roller 110 are flexed, the pressure of the fixing nip No at the longitudinal central portion is decreased and weaken, so that the widthwise width of the fixing nip No in narrower at the longitudinal central portion than at the longitudinal end portions. When the widthwise width of the fixing nip No at the longitudinal central portion becomes narrow, the fixing property at the longitudinal central portion of the fixing nip No lowers, and therefore the widthwise width of the fixing nip No is adjusted along the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip No so that the fixing property can be ensured.
In this embodiment, the widthwise width of the fixing nip No along the longitudinal direction was adjusted by the thickness of the heater holder 130. As shown in (b) of
In this embodiment, as described above, in consideration of the fixing property at the longitudinal end portions of the fixing nip No, the crown correction of the heater holder 130 is made so that the widthwise width of the fixing nip No at the longitudinal end portions is larger than the widthwise width of the fixing nip No at the longitudinal central portion by about 10%. Specifically, a crown correction amount (difference in thickness between the central portion and the end portions of the heater holder) was 400 μm.
The widthwise width and pressure distribution along the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip No of the fixing device in this embodiment are shown in (a) of
A sheet which has a width broader than 226 mm as the longitudinal width of the elastic layer 116 of the pressing roller 110 and on which a solid black image is printed over an entire width region is prepared. The sheet is nipped in the fixing nip No, and is heated by the heater 113 in a state in which the drive of the pressing roller 110 is stopped. The temperature of the heater 113 is controlled at 150° C. by using the temperature detecting element 115, so that the sheet is heated for 10 sec.
The solid black image is heated only at the portion of the fixing nip No, and therefore gloss thereof increases, so that a trace (pattern) of the fixing nip No is transferred onto the solid image. From the solid image on which the trace of the fixing nip No is transferred, the widthwise width of the fixing nip No along the longitudinal direction was measured. The widthwise width of the fixing nip No along the longitudinal direction was measured with an interval of 10 mm along the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip No.
Further, the pressure distribution of the fixing nip No along the longitudinal direction was measured using a contact pressure distribution measuring system (“I-SCAN”, manufactured by NITTA Corp., longitudinal resolving power: 0.5 mm).
As in a measurement result shown in (a) of
A position of the preventing portion 140a of the heat-conductive member 140 will be described. In this embodiment, the preventing portion (regulating portion) 140a for regulating the longitudinal position of the heat-conductive member 140 is provided at a position corresponding to a region where the widthwise width of the fixing nip No with respect to the longitudinal direction is large. As a result, a positional deviation of the heat-conductive member 140 with respect to the longitudinal direction is suppressed.
In
The preventing portions 140a for regulating longitudinal positions of the heat-conductive members 140 are provided at positions corresponding to the longitudinal end portions of the fixing nip No which are regions where the pressure is high and the widthwise width is broad correspondingly to a schematic view of (e) of
Here, positions of preventing portions 140a of heat-conductive members 140 in Comparison Example 1 will be described.
In
When the heat-conductive members 140 is thermally expanded by the heating of the heater 113, the heat-conductive members 140 and the heater 113 cause positional deviation with respect to the longitudinal direction due to a thermal expansion difference. In this case, in a place where the pressure is high with respect to the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip No, a frictional force of the heat-conductive members 140 with the heater holder 130 and the heater 113 is high, and therefore, the heat-conductive members 140 are not readily positionally deviated, so that the positions of the heat-conductive members 140 are liable to be more deviated at a place where the pressure is lower.
For that reason, as in the constitution of Comparison Example 1, when the preventing portions 140a of the heat-conductive members 140 are provided at portions corresponding to the neighborhood of the longitudinal central portion of the fixing nip No which is the region of the fixing nip No where the widthwise width is narrow, the following state is liable to generate. That is, as shown in (b) of
As described above, when the preventing portions 140a of the heat-conductive members 140 are deformed, also a contact surface of the heat-conductive members 140 with the heater 113 is deformed in some cases, so that a contact property of the heat-conductive members 140 with the heater 113 lowers in some cases. When the heat-conductive members 140 is spaced from the heater 113 by deformation thereof, the heater 113 becomes high temperature at that portion, so that temperature non-uniformity generates with respect to the longitudinal direction. The longitudinal temperature non-uniformly leads to image defect as uneven gloss on the image in some cases, and can cause heat loss on the heater holder 130 and the pressing roller 110.
On the other hand, the preventing portions 140a of the heat-conductive members 140 in this embodiment are positioned, as is apparent from correspondence between (c) and (e) of
In
Thus, the preventing portions 140a for regulating the longitudinal positions of the heat-conductive members 140 are provided at the positions corresponding to the regions where the pressure is relatively high with respect to the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip No and the widthwise width of the fixing nip No is broad. By this constitution, the positional deviation and deformation of the heat-conductive members 140 due to repetition of the heat cycle can be suppressed. This effect can be obtained by providing the positions 140a in regions of the heat-conductive members 140 corresponding to positions closer to the end portions than to the longitudinal central portion of the fixing nip No.
Comparison of generation or non-generation of uneven gloss due to longitudinal temperature non-uniformity with respect to the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip No was made between an arrangement constitution of the heat-conductive members 140 in this embodiment and an arrangement constitution of the heat-conductive members 140 in Comparison Example 1.
The arrangement constitution of the heat-conductive members 140 in this embodiment is the constitution shown in
The arrangement constitution of the heat-conductive members 140 in Comparison Example 1 is the constitution shown in
As regards a print image, when a uniform pattern is printed on an entire surface, uneven gloss is liable to be in sight, and particularly when a solid image having a large toner deposition amount is printed, the uneven gloss is liable to generate. The heater 113 was actuated from a cold state that the fixing device 100 is cool, and a whole surface solid image on which the uneven gloss was liable to be in sight and a whole surface halftone image on which the uneven gloss was not readily relatively in sight and which has a print ratio of 50% were printed on 2 sheets in total, and then generation or non-generation of the uneven gloss on the image was checked.
After the printing, the fixing device 100 is cooled and placed in the cold state, and then the whole surface solid image and the whole surface halftone image with the print ratio of 50% are printed again on 2 sheets in total. This 2 sheet-intermittent printing was repeated 50,000 times when a total print number reached 100,000 sheets which was a lifetime of the fixing device 100, so that each of the whole surface solid image and the whole surface halftone image were printed on 50,000 sheets, i.e., 100,000 sheets in total, and then generation or non-generation of the uneven gloss on the image was checked.
In the arrangement constitution of the heat-conductive members 140 in Comparison Example 1, the uneven gloss generated on the solid image after 30,000 heat cycles and later, so that the positional deviation and deformation of the heat-conductive members 140 with respect to the longitudinal direction were confirmed. Further, after 40,000 heat cycles and later, the uneven gloss was confirmed also on the halftone image, and a deformation amount of the heat-conductive members 140 also became large.
On the other hand, in the arrangement constitution of the heat-conductive members 140 in Embodiment 1, at the time of 50,000 heat cycles, the uneven gloss did not generate even on the solid image, and the positional deviation and the deformation of the heat-conductive members 140 with respect to the longitudinal direction were not confirmed.
Thus, according to the arrangement constitution of the heat-conductive members 140 in Embodiment 1, it is possible to suppress the positional deviation and the deformation of the heat-conductive members 140 with respect to the longitudinal direction generated due to repetition of the heat cycle. Further, it is possible to prevent image defect due to the uneven gloss and breakage of the constituent members.
Embodiment 2 will be described. In this embodiment, contrary to Embodiment 1, in a constitution in which the widthwise width of the fixing nip No is broader at the longitudinal central portion than at the longitudinal end portions of the fixing nip No, the longitudinal positional deviation of the heat-conductive members 140 and the deformation of the preventing portions 140a are suppressed. By providing the preventing portions 140a of the heat-conductive members 140 at positions corresponding to the neighborhood of the longitudinal central portion of the fixing nip No where the widthwise width is broad, the longitudinal positional deviation of the heat-conductive members 140 and the deformation of the preventing portions 140a are suppressed, so that the image defect due to the uneven gloss and breakage of the fixing member are prevented. This will be described below.
In this embodiment, as regards the image forming apparatus for forming the unfixed toner image, the image forming apparatus is similar to that in Embodiment 1 described above and is a general-purpose image forming apparatus, and therefore will be omitted from redundant description. Further, also the fixing device 100 which is the image heating apparatus is an image heating apparatus of the film heating type similarly as in Embodiment 1 in basic structure, and therefore members or portions which are the same as those in Embodiment 1 are represented by the same reference numerals or symbols and will be omitted from redundant description.
In the case where a foam rubber is used as the elastic layer 116 of the pressing roller 110, paper creases are prevented by making the widthwise width of the fixing nip No larger at the longitudinal central portion than at the longitudinal end portions in some cases. The foam rubber is deflated when crushed at the fixing nip No, so that the fixing nip surface approaches the core metal 117, and therefore a rotation radius of the fixing nip No where the sheet P is fed becomes small. For that reason, a feeding speed of the sheet P becomes slower at a portion where the pressure of the fixing nip No with respect to the longitudinal direction is higher and a crush amount of the elastic layer 116 is larger (i.e., a portion where the widthwise width of the fixing nip No is broader).
In order to prevent the paper creases, it has been generally known that it is preferable that the feeding speed of the sheet P is made higher at the longitudinal end portions than at the longitudinal central portion of the fixing nip No. For that reason, a constitution in which the elastic layer 116 is more crushed at the longitudinal central portion than at the longitudinal end portions of the fixing nip No, i.e., a constitution in which the widthwise width of the fixing nip No is made broader at the longitudinal central portion than at the longitudinal end portions of the fixing nip No. As a result, the feeding speed of the sheet P at the longitudinal end portions of the fixing nip No is higher than the feeding speed of the sheet P at the longitudinal central portion of the fixing nip No, so that the paper creases can be prevented.
In this embodiment, similarly as in Embodiment 1 with reference to
In the fixing device 100 in this embodiment, the crown correction of the heater holder 130 is made so that the widthwise width of the fixing nip No at the longitudinal central portion is larger than the widthwise width of the fixing nip No at the longitudinal end portions by about 10%. Specifically, a crown correction amount (difference in thickness between the central portion and the end portions of the heater holder) was 600 μm.
The widthwise width and pressure distribution along the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip No of the fixing device 100 in this embodiment are shown in (a) of
As in a measurement result shown in (a) of
Also, in this embodiment, the preventing portion (regulating portion) 140a for regulating the longitudinal position of the heat-conductive member 140 is provided at a position corresponding to a region where the widthwise width of the fixing nip No with respect to the longitudinal direction is large. As a result, a positional deviation of the heat-conductive member 140 with respect to the longitudinal direction is suppressed.
As in this embodiment, in the case where the pressure is higher and the widthwise width is broader at the longitudinal central portion than at the longitudinal end portions of the fixing nip No, the frictional force of the heat-conductive members 140 with the heater holder 130 and the heater 113 is larger at the longitudinal central portion than at the longitudinal end portions. For that reason, the heat-conductive members 140 heated by the heater 113 thermally expand toward the longitudinal end portions of the fixing nip No where the pressure is low and the widthwise width is narrow.
Also in this embodiment, the preventing portions 140a of the heat-conductive members 140 are provided in the neighborhood of the longitudinal central portion of the fixing nip No where the frictional force is large, and therefore even when the heat cycle is repeated, the positions of the preventing portions 140a are not deviated and the preventing portions 140a are not deformed.
Also in the constitution in this embodiment, similarly as in Embodiment 1, the generation or non-generation of the uneven gloss was checked, but there was no generation of the uneven gloss even on the solid image until the total print number reaches the lifetime of the fixing device, and the longitudinal positional deviation and the longitudinal deformation of the heat-conductive members 140 were not confirmed.
Also in the constitution in which the pressure is higher and the widthwise width is broader at the longitudinal central portion than at the longitudinal end portions of the fixing nip No as in this embodiment, an effect similar to that in Embodiment 1 can be obtained by providing the preventing portions 140a of the heat-conductive members 140 at the positions corresponding to the regions where the widthwise width is broad. That is, it is possible to suppress the longitudinal positional deviation and the longitudinal deformation of the heat-conductive members 140 generated due to the repetition of the heat cycle.
In Embodiments 1 and 2, the constitution in which the heat-conductive member was divided into the two heat-conductive members 140 at the longitudinal central portion was described, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, in a constitution in which a heat-conductive member 140 is not divided with respect to the longitudinal direction, the longitudinal positional deviation of the heat-conductive members 140 and the deformation of the preventing portions 140a are suppressed. This will be described below.
In this embodiment, as regards the image forming apparatus 50 for forming the unfixed toner image, the image forming apparatus is similar to that in Embodiment 1 described above and is a general-purpose image forming apparatus, and therefore will be omitted from redundant description. Further, also the fixing device 100 is an image heating apparatus of the film heating type similarly as in Embodiment 1 in basic structure, and therefore members or portions which are the same as those in Embodiment 1 are represented by the same reference numerals or symbols and will be omitted from redundant description. Further, similarly as in Embodiment 2, the constitution in which the paper creases are prevented by making the widthwise width of the fixing nip No larger at the longitudinal central portion than at the longitudinal end portions is employed. The crown correction amount of the heater holder 130 is 600 μm similarly as in Embodiment 2, and also the widthwise width and the pressure distribution along the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip No are the same as those in Embodiment 2 as shown in
In the constitution in this embodiment, a single heat-conductive member 140 is used and a preventing portion 140a for regulating the longitudinal position of the heat-conductive member 140 is provided at a position substantially corresponding to the longitudinal central portion of the fixing nip No where the widthwise width of the fixing nip No with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat-conductive member 140 is large.
Similarly as in Embodiment 2, in the case where the pressure is higher and the widthwise width is broader at the longitudinal central portion than at the longitudinal end portions of the fixing nip No, the frictional force of the heat-conductive member 140 with the heater holder 130 and the heater 113 is larger at the longitudinal central portion than at the longitudinal end portions of the fixing nip No. For that reason, the heat-conductive members 140 heated by the heater 113 thermally expand toward the longitudinal end portions of the fixing nip No where the pressure is low and the widthwise width is narrow.
Also in this embodiment, the preventing portion 140a of the heat-conductive member 140 is provided at the position corresponding to the longitudinal central portion of the fixing nip No where the frictional force is large, and therefore even when the heat cycle is repeated, the position of the preventing portion 140a is not deviated and the preventing portion 140a is not deformed.
Also in the constitution in which the single heat-conductive member 140 is used is employed as in the constitution in this embodiment, the preventing portion 140a for regulating the longitudinal position of the heat-conductive member 140 is provided in the region, of the longitudinal regions of the fixing nip No, where the pressure is relatively high and the widthwise width is relatively broad. As a result, it is possible to suppress the longitudinal positional deviation and the longitudinal deformation of the heat-conductive members 140 generated due to the repetition of the heat cycle.
(1) In Embodiments 1 to 3, the preventing portion 140a for regulating the longitudinal position of the heat-conductive member 140 is provided at the position corresponding to the region, of the longitudinal regions of the fixing nip No, where the pressure is relatively high and the widthwise width is relatively broad. As a result, the longitudinal positional deviation and the deformation of the heat-conductive member 140 generated due to the heat cycle are suppressed. Such a constitution was described.
Correspondingly thereto, when the preventing portion 140a of the heat-conductive member 140 extends over the non-sheet-passing region which is outside the maximum sheet passing width X in which the sheet P is feedable and temperature rises, it is possible to further suppress the longitudinal positional deviation of the heat-conductive member 140. This will be described below.
In Embodiments 1 to 3, the constitution in which the foam rubber was used as the elastic layer 116 of the pressing roller 110 in the fixing device 100 of the monochromatic image forming apparatus 50 for which importance is placed on actuation (rising) of the fixing device 100 was described. In a fixing device used with a color image forming apparatus, a solid rubber is used as the elastic layer 116 of the pressing roller 110 in some cases.
In the color image forming apparatus, in addition to the black toner, three toners of yellow, magenta and cyan, i.e., the four color toners in total are used for printing (image formation), and therefore the toner deposition amount is large. In the case where the toner amount is large, in some instances, the pressing roller 110 is required to have a large thermal capacity in order to add the heat to an interface between the sheet P and the toner and to fix the toner images. For that reason, in the fixing device of the color image forming apparatus, as the elastic layer 116 of the pressing roller 110, the solid rubber, not the foam rubber is frequently used.
The pressing roller 110 of the solid rubber is higher in thermal capacity and thermal conductivity than that of the foam rubber, and therefore a rising speed of the surface temperature becomes slow but a heat uniformizing effect with respect to the longitudinal direction is achieved. The solid rubber has high thermal conductivity and therefore heat is easily conducted to the core metal 117 compared with the foam rubber, and also heat at the end portions easily dissipates and therefore the temperature of the pressing roller 110 at the end portions is liable to lower. For that reason, in the case where the solid rubber is used as the elastic layer 116 of the pressing roller 110, the longitudinal width W of the heat generating resistors 201 and 202 of the heater 113 is set so as to be sufficiently broader than the maximum sheet passing width X as shown in
In this case, when the large-sized sheets having a width corresponding to the maximum sheet passing width X are continuously passed through the fixing nip, the pressing roller temperature in the non-sheet-passing region increases. When the pressing roller 110 increases in temperature, the pressure at the temperature-increased portion increases due to thermal expansion. For that reason, in the non-sheet-passing region, the frictional force of the heat-conductive members 140 with the heater holder 130 and the heater 113 increases.
As in the constitution in Embodiment 1, in the case where the pressure is higher and the widthwise width of the fixing nip No is broader at the longitudinal end portions than at the longitudinal central portion of the fixing nip No, the preventing portions 140a of the heat-conductive members 140 are provided at the positions corresponding to the longitudinal end portions of the fixing nip No. Based on this constitution, it was described that the heat-conductive members 140 were not readily positionally deviated.
In addition to the constitution of Embodiment 1 in which the widthwise width of the fixing nip No is broader at the longitudinal end portions than at the longitudinal central portion of the fixing nip No, as shown in
(2) In the above-described fixing device, a device constitution in which the toner image is fixed on the sheet P at the fixing nip No formed by the fixing film 112 and the pressing roller 110 was described, but the present invention may also be applied to a fixing device of an externally heating type as shown in
This fixing device heats the surface of a fixing roller 300 at a heating nip N2 by press-contact of the fixing film 112, in which the heater 113 is incorporated, with the fixing roller 300. A constitution in which the toner image T is fixed on the sheet P at a fixing nip N1 formed by press-contact of a pressing roller 301 with the fixing roller 300 is employed.
In such a fixing device of the externally heating type, in the case where the heat-conductive members 140 are provided on the back surface of the heater 113, the preventing portions 140a of the heat-conductive members 140 are provided at portions where the widthwise width of the fixing nip No is broad. As a result, similarly as in the above-described embodiments, it is possible to suppress the positional deviation and the deformation of the heat-conductive members 140.
(3) As regards the shape of the preventing portions 140a of the heat-conductive members 140 described above, only a shape (constitution) that the heat-conductive members 140 are bent toward the heater holder 130 side as in the case of the preventing portions 140a shown in
For example, as shown in (a) of
(4) Further, the constitution in which the positions of the above-described heat-conductive members 140 correspond to the regions which extend along the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip No and which have a broad widthwise width was described above. When the preventing portions 140a are provided at positions with respect to the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip No, closer to the broad widthwise width portion than an intermediary widthwise width portion of the broad and narrow widthwise width portions is, it is possible to alleviate the positional deviation and the deformation with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat-conductive members 140.
(5) In the above-described embodiment, as the image heating apparatus, the fixing device for heating and fixing the unfixed toner image on the sheet (recording material) was described as an example, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The present invention is also applicable to an apparatus (device) for increasing a gloss (glossiness) of the image by re-heating the toner image which has been fixed or temporarily fixed on the sheet P.
While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.
This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-200965 filed on Oct. 9, 2015, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015-200965 | Oct 2015 | JP | national |
