Patent Grant
6866400
This invention relates to a hand-held flashlight, and in particular, to a flashlight for use by a firefighter or the like which provides a beam of light that is capable of penetrating dense smoke or fog to a greater extent than flashlights that are presently in use.
Most flashlights that are presently used by firefighters, rescue personnel and others that are forced to deal with fire, utilize tungsten-halogen lamps that inherently produce light that is concentrated at wavelengths in the red portion of the visible spectrum. As a consequence, the output of the lamp appears yellow when compared to natural white light. The light therefore is not able to penetrate dense smoke to any great extent and the user typically is unable to identify objects such as doors, windows, stairways and the like at any appreciable distance.
A low wattage arc lamp has been developed by Welch Allyn, Inc. of Skaneateles Falls, N.Y. and is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,144,201 to Graham et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Lamps of the type described in the noted patent have been built which are capable of producing almost natural white light with the lamp output being substantially uniform at wavelengths across the visible spectrum. A 21 watt lamp is now available in which the gap between the lamp electrodes is about 1.2 mm. The arc which is generated within this small gap approaches a point light source and exhibits high efficacy even at very low wattages. As will be explained below, this type of lamp when incorporated in a battery operated, hand-held flashlight is able to penetrate heavy smoke to enable the user to identify objects at distances unattainable by present day flashlights equipped with tungsten-halogen lamps.
A rechargeable metal arc flashlight is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,630,661 which employs a 24 watt arc lamp that is mounted inside a reflector for focusing the light output of the lamp upon a light diffusion screen which is fixed in position in front of the lamp. The screen uniformly distributes the light from the reflector over a wide area. Light from the screen is then passed through a collimating lens and a UV filter mounted in front of the lens element. The relative position of the lens with regard to the lamp may be varied to change the spot size of the flashlight. A ballast is mounted inside the flashlight housing which controls starting and sustaining the arc.
Although the flashlight disclosed in the '661 patent is an advancement in the art, the many optical elements mounted in front of the lamp reduces the power output of the lamp and lessens the device's ability to focus the output of the lamp into a concentrated spot. In addition, the flashlight lacks a number of safety features that are essential when dealing with hazardous situations. Some of these include the ability to restrike the lamp arc in the event it is extinguished while involved in an emergency. As is well known, if the arc is restruck too soon after it has been extinguished, the starting procedure will be adversely impacted and a rapid restart cannot be thereafter initiated. As a result, a person who is involved in dense smoke or the like can well find himself or herself unable to restart the arc lamp when it is most needed.
Other information relating to safety and operability of the lamp are also not found in prior art flashlights. This includes the amount of on-time experienced by the lamp which, of course, goes to the expected life of the lamp. Here again, a flashlight having a dying lamp is of little use to a person who is involved in an emergency situation. In the case of smoke, a lamp that might be still functional under normal usage can undergo spatial changes that will adversely effect its ability to penetrate dense smoke. Similarly, the condition of the battery must also be monitored to insure that sufficient battery life is available to survive an emergency.
It is therefore a primary object of the present invention to improve portable, handheld lights used by firefighters, rescue workers or the like that must deal with smoke or fog.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a flashlight that produces a concentrated beam of light that can penetrate dense smoke or fog to a greater degree than presently available lights.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a flashlight employing an arc lamp that is tuned to produce a point source of white light that is capable of penetrating smoke or fog to a distance heretofore unattainable.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a battery powered flashlight that is equipped with an arc lamp that is capable of generating a high intensity point source of white light at very low wattage.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a portable arc lamp that has built-in safety features that will provide the user with valuable safety information concerning the operability of the light.
These and other objects of the present invention are attained by means of a battery operated portable flashlight utilizing a low watt lamp that is ideally suited for use in emergency situations involving dense smog or fog that normally cannot be penetrated by most prior art low wattage light sources. The lamp is a metal halide arc lamp capable of operating at about 21 watts or less. The lamp has an extremely short arc gap that is between 0.7 and 1.4 mm so that the light produced in the gap acts as a point source of energy. The fill gases used to dope the lamp are primarily mercury and indium that, depending upon the wattage of the lamp, function to produce a color temperature in excess of 5000° Kelvin whereby the lamp output approaches white light. The flashlight is further equipped with a cadmium lithium battery having a long life and a microprocessor capable of monitoring battery voltage and lamp on-time. In addition, the microprocessor is arranged to control the lamp ballast which supplies power to the lamp to strike an arc and to sustain the arc after it has been struck. The microprocessor is programmed to prevent restriking of the arc during a critical period during which an attempted restrike will adversely affect the ballast and delays a restart for a considerable period of time.
For a better understanding of these and other objects of the present invention, reference will be made to the following detailed descriptions of the invention which is to be read in association with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
a is a side elevation, in partial section, showing a portable flashlight embodying the teachings of the present invention;
b is a front side elevation, in partial section, showing a portable flashlight embodying the teachings of the present invention; and
With reference to the drawings, there is shown a portable flashlight, generally referenced 10, that includes a main housing 12 to which a carrying handle 13 is connected by a pair of raised end supports 14 and 15. A reflector assembly 16 is pivotally connected to the front end support by means of a ball and socket connector 17 so that the reflector assembly can be positioned to direct a beam of light emanating from the reflector upon a desired target.
A metal halide arc lamp 20, which is shown in greater detail in
The arc chamber contains a fill gas whose primary constituents are mercury and indium. The actual quantity of each element within a specific lamp is dependent upon lamp wattage, lamp size and the thermal losses in the lamp so that the lamp color temperature produced by the lamp is greater than 5000° Kelvin and preferably about 5700° Kelvin. Accordingly, the light output of the lamp is uniformly concentrated within the visible spectrum and produces substantially white light. The output is rich in the blue and green spectral regions when compared to other lamps. This offers significant enhancement in the light's ability to visually discern objects in dense smoke and fog.
It has been demonstrated that a low wattage arc lamp of the type described above has an output of 30 lumens per watt. Although it is not thoroughly understood, it has been further shown through tests conducted by Applicants that the high intensity beam of light produced by a lamp of the type described above with an enhanced spectral response in the shorter wavelengths produces a spot of light that can penetrate dense fog and smoke to a greater depth than presently achievable by more conventional tungsten halogen lamps. In fact, the present lamp has an intensity that is greater than three times that of a halogen lamp of comparable wattage.
Furthermore, light from the present arc lamp that emanates from the short gap greatly enhances the reflector's ability to gather the light into a well defined intense beam capable of penetrating dense smoke and fog. The lamp reflector shown in
The housing 12 of the flashlight contains a long life rechargeable cadmium lithium battery 32 of known construction which is well able to power the low wattage lamp. A ballast 50 is connected through appropriate circuitry to the lamp and the battery. A ballast of this type is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,291,100, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference. The low wattage lamp is controlled by a switching and voltage regulation circuit in the ballast which serves to adjust the duty cycle and an oscillator and driver which are coupled to a ballast transformer. The transformer is wound to provide for starting and sustaining the lamp arc after starting. The ballast also contains a compensating circuit which adjusts the power delivered to the lamp to compensate for the aging of the lamp.
The ballast also contains an emergency shutdown circuit that places the ballast in an off condition until such time as the entire ballast network is powered down prior to restarting the lamp in the event the lamp has been turned off. This circuit prevents repetitive restart cycles which can be dangerous under certain conditions. In emergency situations, where time is important, the user of the flashlight will invariably attempt to repeatably restart the lamp at short intervals which, because of the ballast shutdown circuitry, will not produce the desired results. After a number of failed restart attempts, the ballast circuitry can become damaged and the lamp will fail.
The present flashlight is equipped with a microprocessor 60 that monitors the lamp, the ballast and the battery to insure that the flashlight is in proper working order before it is put into operation under potentially hazardous conditions.
The microprocessor is adapted to monitor the battery voltage and provide an indication at window 63 when the battery voltage falls below a predetermined value. This predetermined voltage, in the case of a flashlight intended for use under hazardous conditions, will be greater than that tolerated under more normal operating conditions. The microprocessor also monitors lamp on-time and provides an indication at window 63 when the on-time reaches a certain predetermined value. Here again, because the lamp is intended for use under hazardous conditions, the predetermined on-time will be less than that of a lamp that is intended for use under normal conditions and thus provides a safety factor that will avoid a premature failure.
The microprocessor is further connected to the lamp on/off switch 65 and is programmed to prevent the lamp from being restruck until such time as the lamp and the ballast are in a condition to successfully carry out a restart.
While this invention has been explained with reference to the structure disclosed herein, it is not confined to the details set forth and this invention is intended to cover any modifications and changes as may come within the scope of the following claims:
This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/074,606 filed Feb. 13, 1998, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4914356 | Cockram et al. | Apr 1990 | A |
| 5034663 | Cook et al. | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5144201 | Graham et al. | Sep 1992 | A |
| 5604406 | Gaus | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5630661 | Fox | May 1997 | A |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20020080611 A1 | Jun 2002 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60074606 | Feb 1998 | US |
