1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to flexible bakeware and in particular to an improved flexible bakeware container that is made from a novel compound and includes a carrier for assisting a user in carrying the bakeware container.
2. Description of Related Art
Flexible bakeware is typically made from a silicone rubber formulation. The silicone composition prevents strong odors from being transferred to the food, yet provides a tough, temperature resistant material that, due to its flexibility, allows food to be removed more easily than with traditional bakeware. One downside to using a silicone composition for bakeware is that the flexibility of the material makes it difficult to handle. The bakeware cannot be easily carried with one hand. Instead, it must be fully supported under its bottom surface, and most users simply place a metal cooking sheet or other rigid pan underneath the bakeware to transfer the bakeware to and from the oven. This solution is impractical because the presence of a solid sheet of metal underneath the flexible bakeware can provide inconsistent (and uneven) baking of the food product contained by the bakeware. More specifically, the sides and top of the bakeware experience convective heating from the hot air within the oven. The bottom of the bakeware experiences conductive heating since it is in direct contact with the solid metal cooking sheet. This difference in heating methods can cause uneven cooking of the food product. The inconvenience of using a cooking sheet to transport flexible bakeware is also a drawback.
A need therefore exists for an apparatus that could be used in conjunction with a flexible baking container that would permit easy transport of the baking container. A need further exists for an apparatus that could be incorporated into the flexible baking container so that together the device and bakeware are a self-contained unit. Still another need exists for an apparatus that can be readily removed from the baking container periodically for cleaning and storage.
Flexible bakeware also experiences release problems with certain foods. Compared to conventional non-flexible bakeware, it is often easier to remove foods from flexible bakeware because the basin containing the food product can be turned inside out. However, with certain foods such as muffins, cakes, or breads, residue from the foods may remain stuck to the flexible bakeware, thereby causing an uneven and unattractive outer surface on the food product following removal from the bakeware.
One solution to the problem of food release is to pre-lubricate a baking container with cooking spray, cooking oil, or flour. While this can prevent food from sticking to baking containers, the solution is undesirable because it involves additional steps in cooking the food (i.e. the step of pre-lubricating) and requires additional cooking supplies (i.e. the spray, oil, or flour). Another drawback is that the use of oils or flour can alter the taste and texture of the baked food product.
A need therefore exists for flexible bakeware that has improved food release qualities as compared to currently available flexible bakeware. A need further exists for a compound that can be easily and inexpensively manufactured into flexible bakeware. The compound should be non-toxic and should not impart an odor or taste to food products prepared in the bakeware.
The problems presented by existing flexible bakeware are solved by the present invention. A bakeware apparatus is provided that includes an elastomeric baking container having a basin and a shoulder surrounding at least a portion of the basin. The bakeware apparatus further includes a carrier having a lower support member pivotally attached to an upper support member. The carrier is movable between a closed position in which the shoulder of the baking container is held between the upper and lower support members and an open position in which the baking container can be removed from between the upper and lower support members.
Another bakeware apparatus according to the principles of the present invention includes a plurality of elastomeric baking containers, each having a basin formed from at least one wall connected at one end to a floor and each baking container further having a shoulder near an end of the wall opposite the floor and surrounding at least a portion of the basin. The bakeware apparatus further includes a carrier having a lower support member pivotally attached to an upper support member. The lower support member is formed from a substantially planar plate and includes a plurality of lower apertures. The upper support member is formed from a substantially planar plate and includes a plurality of upper apertures. At least one of the lower apertures is capable of receiving one of the baking containers such that the basin of the baking container passes through the lower aperture and the shoulder contacts the lower support member. The basin of each baking container is substantially aligned with one of the upper apertures and the shoulder contacts the upper support member when the carrier is in a closed position.
The baking containers of the present invention may be made from a compound including a methyl vinyl silicone polymer from about 40 to 70 weight percent, a filler from about 5 to 50 weight percent, a cross-linking agent from about 0.1 to 5 weight percent, and polytetrafluoroethylene from about 0.1 to 15 weight percent. In a preferred embodiment, the polytetrafluoroethylene is present in an amount of about 6 percent, and the cross-linking agent is chloro platanic acid.
Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent with reference to the drawings and detailed description that follow.
In the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific preferred embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that logical mechanical, structural, and chemical changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. To avoid detail not necessary to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, the description may omit certain information known to those skilled in the art. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims.
In describing the present invention, the term “elastomer” refers generally to a polymeric material that has rubberlike properties. More specifically, most elastomers have elongation rates greater than 100% and a significant amount of resilience. The resilience of a material refers to the material's ability to recover from an elastic deformation. Examples of elastomers could include, but are not limited to, natural rubbers, polyisoprene, styrene butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, polybutadiene, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, polysulfide rubber, polyurethane, and silicones.
The term “flexible” refers to an object or material that is able to be bent or flexed. The use of the term flexible in connection with a material or bakeware of the present invention generally refers to a material or bakeware made from an elastomer or other material that allows the container portion, or basin, of the bakeware to be at least partially turned inside out without plastic deformation of the material.
Referring to
Referring to
In operation, each aperture 13 on carrier 11 receives a muffin cup 41 such that a portion of the carrier 11 fits within receiving channel 47. When installed, the perimeter lip 31 of the carrier 11 is firmly seated in the depression 49 of the receiving channel 47. The engagement of the lip 31 by depression 49 more firmly secures the muffin cups 41 on the carrier and prevents accidental or inadvertent disengagement of the muffin cups 41 and the carrier 11.
The carrier 11 provides rigidity to the muffin cups 41 in an area around each shoulder 45 and allows a user to carry the flexible muffin cups 15 with one hand. The flexibility of the muffin cups 41 allows a user to easily remove the cups from the carrier 11. The removal of the muffin cups could aid a user in removing food from the muffin cup, although it is not necessary to remove the cup to effectuate release of a food product. The ease with which the muffin cups can be removed also promotes the use of muffin cups having different shapes and depths. For example, a muffin cup having a basin 17 that is heart shaped may be used to bake heart-shaped muffins on Valentine's Day. Other possible shapes include without limitation stars, clover leaves, squares, triangles, and diamonds.
Referring to
Muffin cup 51 is designed for use with a carrier such as carrier 11, or preferably carrier 61. Referring to
Referring to
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The preferred location of the central portion 141 of the receiving channel 131 is in the shoulder 117 adjacent each major wall 113. This configuration provides the most support for the carrier that is received by the receiving channel 131 (explained in more detail below). However, a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the central portion 141 of each receiving channel 131 could instead be located in the shoulder adjacent each minor wall 114.
Referring to
In operation, carrier 161 is received by flexible baking container 111 by inserting the centrals stays 165 and arcuate stays 167 through the entry slot 135 of the baking container 111 and into the receiving channel 131. The flexible properties of the baking container 111 allow the shoulder 117 to bend such that the entry slot 135 is temporarily enlarged to accommodate the carrier 161 as it passes through the entry slot 135 and into the receiving channel 131. After the central stays 165 are positioned within the central portions 141 of the receiving channels 131 and the arcuate stays 167 are positioned within the turning portions 143 of the receiving channels 131, the shoulder 117 elastically returns to its original shape. With the shoulder in a “non-deformed” shape, the entry slot 135 is again smaller than the receiving channel 131, which secures carrier 161 within the receiving channel 131.
With the carrier 161 installed in the receiving channel 131, a portion of the handle 169 is disposed within the exit portion 145 of the receiving channel, but the majority of the handle 169 is located outside the walls of the flexible baking container 111. Handle 169 enables a user of the flexible baking container 111 to easily lift and carry the baking container 111 by holding either one or both handles on that portion of the handle 169 that protrudes from the baking container.
The carrier 161 provides rigidity to the flexible baking container 111 in an area around each shoulder 117 and allows a user to more easily lift and carry the baking container 111. The flexibility of the baking container 111 allows a user to easily remove the carrier 161 from the receiving channel 131 of the baking container 111. The removal of the carrier 161 could aid a user in removing food from the baking container 111, although it is not necessary to remove the carrier 161 to effectuate release of a food product.
Referring to
The receiving channel 191 and entry slot 195 are preferably continuous around the entire perimeter of the flexible baking container 171. However, it is conceivable that a discontinuous receiving channel 191 and entry slot 195 could be used similar to those of baking container 111 (see
Referring more specifically to
In operation, carrier 201 is received by flexible baking container 171 by inserting the carrier 201 through the entry slot 195 of the baking container 171 and into the receiving channel 191. The flexible properties of the baking container 171 allow the shoulder 177 to bend such that the entry slot 195 is temporarily enlarged or deformed to accommodate the carrier 201 as it passes through the entry slot 195 and into the receiving channel 191. After the carrier 201 is positioned within the receiving channel 191, the shoulder 177 elastically returns to its original shape. With the shoulder 177 in a “non-deformed” shape, the entry slot 195 is again smaller than the receiving channel 191, which secures carrier 201 within the receiving channel 191.
Carrier 201 provides rigidity to the flexible baking container 171 in an area around shoulder 177 and allows a user to more easily lift and carry the baking container 171. The flexibility of the baking container 171 allows a user to easily remove the carrier 201 from the receiving channel 191 of the baking container 171. The removal of the carrier 201 could aid a user in removing food from the baking container, although it is not necessary to remove the carrier 201 to effectuate the release of a food product.
Referring to
Referring more specifically to
Referring to
In operation, carrier 261 is received by flexible baking container 211 by inserting the centrals stays 265 and a portion of the handles 269 through the entry slot 235 of the baking container 211 and into the receiving channel 231. The flexible properties of the baking container 211 allow the shoulder 217 to deform such that the entry slot 235 is temporarily enlarged to accommodate the carrier 261 as it passes through the entry slot 235 and into the receiving channel 231. After the central stays 265 are positioned within the arcuate portions 241 of the receiving channels 231, the shoulder 217 elastically returns to its original shape. With the shoulder in a “non-deformed” shape, the entry slot 235 is again smaller than the receiving channel 231, which secures carrier 261 within the receiving channel 231.
With the carrier 261 installed in the receiving channel 231, a portion of the handle 269 is disposed within the exit portion 245 of the receiving channel, but the majority of the handle 269 is located outside the wall of the flexible baking container 211. Handle 269 enables a user of the flexible baking container 211 to easily lift and carry the baking container 211 by holding either one or both handles on the portion of the handle 269 that protrudes from the baking container.
The carrier 261 provides rigidity to the flexible baking container 211 in an area around each shoulder 217 and allows a user to more easily lift and carry the baking container 211. The flexibility of the baking container 211 allows a user to easily remove the carrier 261 from the receiving channel 231 of the baking container 211. The removal of the carrier 261 could aid a user in removing food from the baking container 211, although it is not necessary to remove the carrier 261 to effectuate the release of a food product.
Referring to
The receiving channel 291 and entry slot 295 are preferably continuous around the entire perimeter of the flexible baking container 271. However, it is conceivable that a discontinuous receiving channel 291 and entry slot 295 could be used similar to that of baking container 211 (see
Referring more specifically to
In operation, carrier 301 is received by flexible baking container 271 by inserting the carrier 301 through the entry slot 295 of the baking container 271 and into the receiving channel 291. The flexible properties of the baking container 271 allow the shoulder 277 to bend such that the entry slot 295 is temporarily enlarged or deformed to accommodate the carrier 301 as it passes through the entry slot 295 and into the receiving channel 291. After the carrier 301 is positioned within the receiving channel 291, the shoulder 277 elastically returns to its original shape. With the shoulder 277 in a “non-deformed” shape, the entry slot 295 is again smaller than the receiving channel 291, which secures carrier 301 within the receiving channel 291.
Carrier 301 provides rigidity to the flexible baking container 271 in an area around shoulder 277 and allows a user to more easily lift and carry the baking container 271. The flexibility of the baking container 271 allows a user to easily remove the carrier 301 from the receiving channel 291 of the baking container 271. The removal of the carrier 301 could aid a user in removing food from the baking container, although it is not necessary to remove the carrier 301 to effectuate the release of a food product.
Referring to
Several variations of the method illustrated in
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When lower support member 2817 and upper support member 2819 are hingedly attached, the support members 2817, 2819 can be moved between an open position (shown in
Referring more specifically to
Referring to
Flexible baking container 3313 includes a basin 3325 having a floor 3327, a pair of minor walls 3329, and a pair of major walls 3331. Both the minor walls 3329 and the major walls 3331 are integrally connected to the floor 3327 such that each of the minor walls is spaced apart and each of the major walls is spaced apart. A shoulder 3332 is integrally connected to the minor walls 3329 and the major walls 3331 at an end of the walls 3329, 3331 opposite the floor. A receiving channel 3333 is provided in the shoulder 3332 similar to the receiving channel 131 in
The first carrier member 3315 and the second carrier member 3317 each preferably include a central stay 3351, an arcuate stay 3353, and a handle 3355. When positioned within the receiving channel 3333 the central stay 3351 is disposed in the central portion 3355, the arcuate stay 3353 is disposed within the turning portion 3337, and a portion of the handle 3355 is disposed within the exit portion 3339. Another portion of the handle 3355 is not received by the receiving channel 3333, but rather extends away from the flexible baking container 3313 to provide an easy gripping surface for a user carrying the bakeware apparatus 3311.
When the first and second carrier members 3315, 3317 are installed in the flexible baking container 3313, a space 3359 is provided between the first and second carrier members 3315, 3317. Since the carrier members 3315, 3317 are not connected and are instead spaced apart, it is possible to twist the first carrier member 3315 relative to the second carrier member 3317, thereby slightly twisting the flexible baking container 3313. This twisting of the flexible baking container is very helpful because it allows a user to more easily remove food from the baking container. After baking a food product, the user can easily carry the bakeware apparatus 3311 because of the rigidity provided by the first and second carrier members 3315, 3317. Then the user can turn the flexible baking container 3313 upside down and gently twist the first carrier member 3315 relative to the second carrier member 3317. When the flexible baking container 3313 experiences this slight twisting motion, the food product will easily drop free from the flexible baking container 3313. The space 3359 that exists between the carrier members 3315, 3317 may or may not include a receiving channel 3333. Although some rigidity is lost due to the carrier members 3315, 3317 not being connected, the overall rigidity provided by the carrier members 3315, 3317 to the flexible baking container 3313 is enough that the carrier members 3315, 3317 still allow for easier carrying of the flexible baking container 3313.
Referring to
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A shoulder 4139 is disposed around the major and minor walls 4129, 4131 at an end of the walls 4129, 4131 opposite the floor 4127. The shoulder includes a receiving channel 4141 for receiving carrier 4115. As illustrated in
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The flexible baking containers 4713 each include a basin 4725 having a floor 4727 integrally connected to a cylindrical wall 4729. A shoulder 4735 surrounds the cylindrical wall at an end of the wall 4729 opposite the floor 4727. A tab 4739 is preferably disposed on a lower surface of the shoulder 4735 to allow the flexible baking container 4713 to be securely fastened to the carrier 4715. Tab 4739 includes a main body 4743 and a barbed region 4745. The main body 4743 is preferably cylindrical, and the barbed region 4745 is greater in width (diameter) than the main body 4743.
The carrier 4715 is preferably formed from a substantially planar plate 4759 that includes a plurality of main apertures 4761 disposed in the plate 4759. The plate 4759 is generally rectangular in shape with chamfers 4763 at the four corners of the plate 4759. Of course, the shape of plate 4759 could be round, polygonal, or any other shape. Each main aperture 4761 is capable of receiving the basin 4725 of one of the flexible baking containers 4713. The plate 4759 has at least one attachment aperture 4765 (e.g. hole or slot) positioned adjacent each main aperture 4761. Preferably, at least three attachment apertures 4765 are positioned around each main aperture 4761, and the attachment apertures 4765 are equally spaced apart around the main apertures 4761 approximately 120° from one another. The attachment apertures 4765 on plate 4759 receive tabs 4739 on each flexible baking container 4713. Referring more specifically to
It will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art that while the preferred embodiment includes three tabs 4739 on each flexible baking container 4713 and three attachment apertures 4765 positioned around each aperture 4761, a different number of tabs and attachment apertures could be used to secure the flexible baking containers 4713 to the plate 4759. It should also be apparent that while the present embodiment is configured such that the tabs are positioned on the flexible baking container 4713 and the attachment apertures are positioned on the carrier 4715, tabs could be placed on the carrier 4715 to be received by holes disposed in each flexible baking container 4713.
The flexible bakeware (i.e. the muffin cups 41, 51, 2813, 4713, the rectangular baking containers 111, 171, 3313, 4113, and the round baking containers 211, 271, 3513) composition of the present invention is preferably made from an addition-cured silicone material. The following table illustrates the preferred amounts and potential ranges for the flexible bakeware composition of the present invention:
The flexible bakeware compound preferably contains 0.1 to 15 weight percent of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Testing of silicone bakeware with these amounts of PTFE has revealed superior release properties compared to silicone bakeware without PTFE. Several different compounds were tested by baking foods in the bakeware and then determining the amount of food residue remaining in the bakeware following the removal of the baked goods. Clearly, less food residue in the bakeware indicates better release properties. Silicone bakeware without PTFE required the use of a non-stick spray or flour to eliminate food residue following baking. Although silicone bakeware having PTFE ranging from 0.1 to 15 weight percent exhibited improved release properties without the use of a non-stick spray or flour, the optimum composition was determined to include six (6) weight percent PTFE.
The preferred particle size of PTFE used with the present invention is approximately 6 μm (i.e. microns), with a maximum particle size of 25 μm. While larger particle sizes of PTFE can also impart improved release properties to the bakeware, the plasticity of the resulting compound is sometimes increased to an extent that extrusion and molding of the compound is difficult or impossible. An example of PTFE commonly used in preparing the flexible bakeware compound of the present invention is Polymist F-5A, which can be obtained from Ausimont USA. Polymist F-5A contains particles of a relatively small size, typically at or below 6 μm.
The compounding of PTFE in the formulation of the present invention results in the migration of PTFE to the surface of the flexible bakeware. The presence of the PTFE at or near the surface at least partially results in the superior release properties of the bakeware. Another advantage provided by the PTFE is that it does not impart an odor or taste to food products baked in the bakeware.
The flexible bakeware compound is preferably combined with a cross-linking agent to insure that the bonds of the compound properly form. The cross linking agent may be a catalyst, such as platinum, or a curing agent such as peroxide. A platinum catalyst (i.e. chloro platanic acid) is preferably used in conjunction with silicon hydride to insure that the proper bonds form between the platinum and the silicone compound. If a curing agent, such as peroxide, were used, silicone hydride would not be required. However, peroxide is not preferred because it generally imparts an unpleasant odor and smell to foods baked in the bakeware. Other catalysts, including but not limited to cesium, palladium, rhodium, iron, cobalt, nickel, rubidium, osmium, or iridium, could be used in place of platinum. However, these substances are generally not favored because they are either more expensive (e.g. palladium) or have problems associated with contamination (e.g. iron).
The preferred filler for the bakeware compound is ground quartz in an amount of about 28.5 weight percent; however, filler in an amount of 5-50 weight percent could be used. Alternative fillers include silica, calcium, or any other mineral.
The bakeware compound preferably contains black iron oxide in an amount of 1.1 weight percent, which gives the finished bakeware a black color. Depending on the desired color for the bakeware, many different pigments could be used, and the amount of pigment used could also be varied to alter the color. Preferably, the weight range of the pigment is between 0.1 and 5 weight percent.
High vinyl silicone gum is preferably added to the compound in an amount of about 1.1 weight percent; however, the compound could include high vinyl silicone gum in any amount between about 0.5 and 10 weight percent. The vinyl component of high vinyl silicone gum is preferably 8-20 percent pendant vinyl with a preferred amount of 14 percent.
The novel composition of the present invention preferably has a specific gravity of about 1.12 to 1.64.
Each item of flexible bakeware is preferably injection, compression, or transfer molded. To further enhance the release properties of the bakeware, a molding tool having a finish between A1 and B2 is used to form the bakeware, with the preferred finish being A2. Molding finishes of this type are known standards within the molding industry.
It should be apparent that although the flexible bakeware of the present invention has been described in terms of a round muffin cup, a rectangular baking container, and a round baking container, any size or shape of flexible bakeware could be included within the scope of the present invention. Similarly, the carrier could be provided in many different shapes or sizes, and may include single or multiple handles that extend outward from the bakeware. Alternatively, the carrier may have no handles at all. The receiving channel shapes and sizes that are formed in each piece of flexible bakeware could also vary as long as the bakeware is securely attached to the carrier member and will not become disengaged from the carrier member while the bakeware is being transported or carried.
It is also important to note that while the flexible bakeware has been described as having an entry slot communicable with the receiving channel for allowing the carrier to be placed in the receiving channel, the entry slot could be omitted. Without an entry slot, the carrier would preferably be integrally molded into the shoulder of the bakeware. The carrier would not be removable, but the carrier would still be carried by a receiving channel that was formed around the carrier during the molding process.
The primary advantage provided by the carrier is that it allows a user of flexible bakeware to more easily lift and transport the bakeware while baking. By providing rigidity around the perimeter of the flexible bakeware, it is no longer necessary to support the flexible bakeware from underneath such as with a cooking sheet or tray. Another advantage is provided by the handle portions of the carrier. The handle portions extend outward from the perimeter of the flexible bakeware and provide a larger gripping surface for a user carrying the bakeware. When the carrier is provided in a multi-piece configuration similar to that shown in
The novel composition for flexible bakeware presented herein is preferably used in conjunction with a carrier to provide the added benefits of being able to more easily lift and carry the bakeware. However, the advantages provided by the novel composition are independent of those provided by the carrier. As a result of these independent, yet valuable, results, the novel composition may be used without the carrier in a manner similar to that of traditional flexible bakeware. It is also important to note that use of the composition described herein for flexible bakeware is not limited to use with bakeware having a particular size or shape.
The primary advantage provided by the bakeware composition of the present invention is that it enables improved release of food products being baked in the bakeware. The composition was obtained and refined by extensive testing and experimentation. Testing revealed that traditional flexible bakeware suffers food release problems unless pre-lubricated with either cooking spray, cooking oil, or flour. The addition of PTFE to an addition-cured silicone compound allows the manufacture of flexible bakeware that releases baked food without the need for pre-lubrication.
The composition described herein is not limited to flexible bakeware, but could be used with any product requiring the advantages presented by the compound. In addition to the “release” or “non-stick” advantage described previously, the compound provides excellent thermal insulating properties. The compound also has exceptional stability when exposed to cold and heat. The materials used with the compound are all food grade materials, so the product can be placed in contact with food. Finally, since the compound is silicone based, the compound provides excellent resistance to ultraviolet (UV) light. Some of the potential applications for the compound, outside of the flexible bakeware application, include but are not limited to spatulas and other cooking utensils, jello and confectionary molds, and ice cube trays. Other uses include cookware handles that are essentially insulative sleeves that slip over the hot handle of an item of cookware. The compound could be made into pot holders for removing hot items from an oven, or flat baking mats that can be placed on a cooking tray for baking cookies or other food products. Still another use could be sealing materials for appliance doors or windows, or any other sealing application where a flexible compound with good release properties is needed.
It should be apparent from the foregoing that an invention having significant advantages has been provided. While the invention is shown in only a few of its forms, it is not just limited but is susceptible to various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit thereof.
This application is a continuation-in-part of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/685,052, filed Oct. 14, 2003, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/476,325, filed Jun. 6, 2003. Priority is claimed to all of the above-mentioned applications, and each application is hereby incorporated by reference. This application further incorporates by reference the following concurrently-filed and commonly owned U.S. patent applications: U.S. Provisional App. TitleFiling DateInventorsFlexible Bakeware Having aDec. 29, 2004Steve MeeksMulti-Piece Carrier SystemRussell T. DeBlassieJeannie HolmesSamuel W. Heath, Jr.Flexible Bakeware Having aDec. 29, 2004Steve MeeksCarrier System Disposed WithinJeannie Holmesa Wall of the BakewareSamuel W. Heath, Jr.Flexible Bakeware Having anDec. 29, 2004Steve MeeksImproved Carrier System withJeannie HolmesTabs and Attachment AperturesSamuel W. Heath, Jr.
Number | Date | Country | |
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60476325 | Jun 2003 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 10685052 | Oct 2003 | US |
Child | 11025175 | Dec 2004 | US |