1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a flexible flat conductor with at least two electrically conductive layers, which are at least partially surrounded by an electrically insulating cover, the electrically conductive layers being insulated from one another by at least one dielectric layer arranged between them.
Furthermore, the invention relates to a power supply unit which includes such a flexible flat conductor.
2. Description of the Related Art
Power supplies and chargers in the low power range are implemented nowadays as a switched mode power supply unit to meet requirements in respect of the wide input voltage range and low losses. An embodiment of this device which is in widespread use takes the form of a plug-in power supply unit 1, wherein an electronic circuit for power conversion is accommodated in a housing located in the immediate vicinity of the mains plug, as shown in
In addition, it is known to use in such power supply units flat cables equipped with a wind-up device. An example of such an arrangement is shown e.g. in JP 2001/128350 and WO 01/21521 A1. Such arrangements allow for a particularly space-saving and orderly accommodation of the cable during transport.
Power conversion is normally achieved nowadays with a flyback converter, which is preferred on account of its comparatively uncomplicated circuitry in this power range. If the energy transmission takes place by means of primary control, as shown in DE 100 18 229 A1, only a diode for rectification and an LC filter for filtering the output voltage are provided on the secondary side. A circuit diagram of such a known output-side circuit is shown in
As is shown in
Finally, the practice of fabricating filter structures integrated with a flexible flat conductor in order to make them as simple, cheap and compact as possible is known. A flexible flat cable with electronic components integrated therein is known from Japanese Laying Open Publication JP 06-139831 A. Various conductive structures surrounded by an electrical insulation are here insulated from one another by a further dielectric layer so that a capacitor is formed. By means of a meandrous patterning of the conductor levels, an inductance can be realized after a subsequent folding process wherein the individual meanders are superimposed in the shape of a concertina folding in the third dimension. Here the combination of capacitance and inductance provides an integrated filter.
However, this solution is disadvantageous in that, in order to implement the inductances needed for a filter structure, the flexible flat conductor must be folded many times in a particular way, resulting not only in an increased outlay during production but also to more space being needed. In addition, as a consequence of the necessary folding of the flexible flat conductor according to JP 06-139831 A only certain regions of the flexible flat conductor can be utilized for the integrated filter structure, thus leaving long stretches of the cable unused.
An improved flexible flat conductor and also a power supply unit with such a flat conductor are therefore provided, wherein the filtering can be ameliorated, the amount of space required can be reduced and, at the same time, the cost of manufacture can be lowered.
In one embodiment, a flexible flat conductor includes at least two electrically conductive layers which are at least partially surrounded by an electrically insulating cover, wherein said electrically conductive layers are electrically insulated from one another by at least one dielectric layer arranged therebetween. At least a first one of said electrically conductive layers is patterned in at least one subarea thereof by openings in such a way that a plurality of meandrous elements is formed, and said meandrous elements are serially juxtaposed in a plane defined by the flat conductor, so as to form a filter structure.
According to a further development, a power supply unit having a primary-side connector and a secondary-side connector is provided, wherein the secondary-side connector is connected to the power supply unit via a flexible flat conductor. Said flexible flat conductor includes at least two electrically conductive layers which are at least partially surrounded by an electrically insulating cover, wherein said electrically conductive layers are electrically insulated from one another by at least one dielectric layer arranged therebetween. At least a first one of said electrically conductive layers is patterned in at least one subarea thereof by openings in such a way that a plurality of meandrous elements is formed, and said meandrous elements are serially juxtaposed in a plane defined by the flat conductor, so as to form a filter structure.
The accompanying drawings are incorporated into and form a part of the specification for the purpose of explaining the principles of the invention. The drawings are not to be construed as limiting the invention to only the illustrated and described examples of how the invention can be made and used. Further features and advantages will become apparent from the following and more particular description of the invention which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
The illustrated embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the figure drawings wherein like elements and structures are indicated by like reference numbers.
Referring now to the drawings and in particular to
C=∈0∈rA/d [1]
The dielectric used is preferably a flexible ceramic dielectric which has a dielectric constant of ∈r=100 to 5000 and which is embedded between the two layers of the metallic conductors 102, 104 and joined to two outer insulating foils 106 by laminating.
According to an advantageous embodiment, an output line according to the present invention can have a total length of two meters and a cross-section of 2×0.25 mm2. The geometric and electric parameters can have e.g. the following values: width of the copper foil 7 mm, thickness of the copper foil 35 μm, thickness of the dielectric layer 5 μm, relative dielectric constant ∈r=1000 and thickness of the insulating foil 25 μm.
In order to achieve a uniform lamination of the outer insulating layers 106, the line 100 has a resultant overall width of 7.5 mm and a thickness of only 0.125 mm. These dimensions are particularly suitable for space-saving winding up, when the flexible flat conductor 100 is used in a power supply unit, as shown in
The above-mentioned exemplary parameter values result in a total capacitance of approx. 25 μF between the two conductors 102 and 104. In the case of switched mode power supply units with a switching frequency of e.g. 100 kHz, this value will suffice for obtaining sufficient filtering of the output voltage. In addition, the ceramic dielectric 108 has better high-frequency characteristics, in particular a lower equivalent series resistance (ESR), than a comparable electrolytic capacitor, so that, in spite of the comparatively low capacitance, a sufficiently low voltage ripple will be achieved at the end of the line. In addition, due to the area distribution of the capacitance over the whole surface of the line in combination with the excellent heat transfer provided by the copper electrodes, the self-heating effect occurring in the case of the flexible flat conductor 100 will be low, even if high currents flow through the dielectric.
According to the present invention, the first layer of the two electrically conductive layers 102 is patterned such that a meandrous structure is formed, this kind of structure being shown in
According to the present invention, individual meandrous elements 110 are serially juxtaposed in the plane of the flexible flat conductor so as to establish the necessary inductance.
In the meandrous structure shown in
The inductance obtained will now be calculated approximately with reference to
The individual meandrous element 110 of
A juxtaposition of meandrous elements 110 over the whole two-meter length of the flexible flat conductor would therefore lead to an inductance of 2.5 μH. Due to the special geometry of the meandrous elements, the dc resistance will only increase insignificantly by approx. 1.4%.
By displacing the slot 112 along the length of the flexible flat conductor 100 at a constant inductance, an arbitrary division of the total capacitance can be achieved. In the case of the above-mentioned dimensions, each millimeter of length stands for a capacitance of approx. 10 nF. In view of manufacturing tolerances, the minimum dimension of one of the dielectric areas A1, A2 should, however, not be smaller than approx. 1 mm.
As a filtering capacitance in mobile telecommunications equipment, such as mobile phones, a small capacitance is particularly desirable at the line end so as to prevent the carrier from being coupled into the megahertz frequency range. This can be achieved by an additional slot 114 provided in the dielectric 108 and extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the flexible flat conductor. This additional embodiment is schematically shown in
A minimum capacitance within the framework of today's design rules is obtained when a plurality of transverse slots 114 are implemented with a width that is so broad that only three dielectric areas of 1 mm×1 mm remain. This will result in a total capacitance of approx. 100 pF in the series connection.
A substantial advantage of the present invention is to be seen in the fact that this capacitance is located very close to the consumer and that interfering frequencies, which are coupled in via a conventional line, are therefore suppressed much more effectively. This has the effect that additional filtering can perhaps be dispensed with in the consumer and that the consumer can be produced more simply and at a lower price.
By selecting various longitudinal and transverse strips 112, 114, arbitrary filter combinations within the framework of the maximum capacitances and inductances can be produced. Also multistage filters can be produced in this way.
For elucidating the great variety of possibilities existing for implementing the filter characteristic, the filter of
When the flexible flat conductor does not have a meandrous structure in the electrically conductive layer 102, 104, i.e. when the inductance is negligible, only the capacitance is effective and a simple RC filter of the type shown in
In order to improve the high-frequency characteristics, an LC circuit can be connected downstream of this arrangement by patterning the flexible flat conductor only in close vicinity to the consumer. The resultant filter is the RCLC filter shown in
A further increase in inductance can be obtained by patterning both conductor areas 102, 104 on the upper and on the lower surface of the dielectric 108 in a meandrous shape. Utilizing the full length, the inductance can thus be doubled once more.
A push-pull filter (also referred to as differential mode filter) is obtained over the length in question, as can be seen in
The equivalent circuit corresponding to the arrangement according to
When the two conductor areas 102, 104 are, however, oriented in a mirror-inverted manner, as shown in
The flexible flat conductor according to the present invention can be used in a particularly advantageous manner for a mains power supply of the type shown in
When the flexible flat conductor according to the present invention is used as an output line 203, a great variety of filter arrangements can be realized within the given geometry of this output line. In addition to the reduced dimensions of the line arrangement, the power supply unit 201 will especially be implemented such that it occupies less space and that the power supply costs are reduced. Space and costs can, however, also be reduced in a terminal equipment, which is to be connected to the plug 202 and which is not shown here, since a separate input filter can be dispensed with. Due to the planar structure of the flexible flat conductor according to the present invention, tolerance deviations will be small in combination with a high reproducibility and an easier producibility, i.e. the filter structures can be formed with a high reproduction degree.
The solution according to the present invention is based on the finding that a particularly simple and space-saving realization of a filter structure can be achieved by means of an integrated arrangement wherein at least one of the electrically conductive layers of the flexible flat conductor is patterned by openings in a way that a plurality of meandrous elements is formed and wherein the meandrous elements are serially juxtaposed in a plane defined by the flat conductor, so as to form the filter structure. This solution enables costly process steps, such as the folding of the flat conductor, to be dispensed with. Furthermore, the flexibility in the creation of e.g. an output filter in a power supply unit is increased considerably since the whole length of the of the line can be used for the filter. The cable remains flexible over its whole length and a wind-up device e.g. can be employed without any problem. For this purpose a flexible ceramic dielectric is preferably embedded between the electrically conductive layers.
According to a further preferred development the openings occupy less than 50% of the area of each meandrous element. As a result, a sufficiently high inductance can be achieved without the dc resistance being increased simultaneously by more than a small amount. The necessary capacitance can also be provided without any problem.
In particular, if the openings are defined by slots which extend over approx. 50% of the width of the first conductive layer transversely to the longitudinal axis of the flat conductor and which themselves have a width of less than 10% of their length, the increase in the dc resistance remains of the order of less than 1.5%.
According to a preferred further development of the present invention, the dielectric layer is subdivided into individual subareas by at least one opening. As a consequence various series- or parallel-connected capacitances can be realized advantageously.
For example, the Π filters, as needed according to
Furthermore, more complicated filter structures can be realized by providing openings, arranged both transversely to the direction of the longitudinal axis of the flexible flat conductor as well as in the direction of the longitudinal axis, in the dielectric layer. In this way a plurality of required filter structures can be realized at a very reasonable price.
By patterning an additional one of the electrically conductive layers in the same way, i.e. by forming meandrous structures, push-pull filters and common mode filters can be realized. This can be achieved very simply by arranging the meandrous structure either co-directionally (whereby a push-pull filter can be realized) or contra-directionally, whereby a common mode filter results.
The advantageous properties of the flexible flat conductor according to the present invention are of special value, when same is employed as the output line between the secondary-side plug-in connection and the power supply unit itself in a power supply unit with a primary-side plug-in connection and a secondary-side plug-in connection. Such a power supply unit has the advantage on the one hand that the space needed for the filter structures in the plug-in power supply unit can be reduced drastically and the advantage on the other that the system costs in the consumer, i.e. the mobile terminal, can be lowered since there is no need for an input filter. Furthermore, the functionality of the output filter can be matched to the requirements of the power supply unit while making only minimal demands on space and at no great cost.
The power supply unit according to the present invention can also be equipped with a wind-up device so as to roll up the flexible flat conductor at least partially, e.g. when transporting it or to shorten the output cable.
Finally, the solution according to the present invention permits the use of ecologically beneficial materials without additional softeners.
While the invention has been described with respect to the physical embodiments constructed in accordance therewith, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, variations and improvements of the present invention may be made in the light of the above teachings and within the purview of the appended claims without departing from the spirit and intended scope of the invention.
In addition, those areas in which it is believed that those ordinary skilled in the art are familiar have not been described herein in order not to unnecessarily obscure the invention described herein.
Accordingly, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited by the specific illustrated embodiments but only by the scope of the appended claims.
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