The invention includes footwear, particularly beach and water sport footwear. In particular the invention is directed to water booties, for example, which are tailored to resist punctures from sharp underwater objects, such as stingray barbs.
Stingrays typically live on the sea floor and bury themselves in sand to hide from predators. Many species of stingrays have a serrated, venomous barb, which sits flush near the base of their tail. They use the barb to defend themselves, flailing their tail reflexively when touched.
People accidently provoke such a defensive response and frequently are stung on the foot/ankle area. Some stings are severe and result in the barb being deeply embedded in the foot. The barb is encased in a venom-filled pouch that causes extreme pain with even minor skin penetration. There is also a risk of infection, and in some cases, part of the barb may break off inside the foot. There are thousands of stingray injuries reported each year in the U.S. alone, and more worldwide. Sometimes emergency medical care is required after a sting. The stingray barb is shaped like a serrated bone needle, and goes right through most traditional textiles, such as cloth and neoprene. Typical water booties are usually made from stretchy foamed neoprene, which is easily penetrated by the stingray barb. Higher-end surfing booties contain a layer of vulcanized rubber over some areas of the base layer of neoprene, but this rubber is typically too thin (<1 mm) and does not cover enough area to provide much protection against a stingray barb. Water shoes with thicker soles provide some protection, but typically only on the sole. Additionally, the thick soles are less than ideal for many water sports, including surfing.
Similarly, there exist boots and ankle guards designed specifically to prevent stingray injury, but these products significantly limit mobility in the water. They are heavy and loosely-fitting, intended for hunters in waters that contain stingrays. Although these products do significantly reduce the chance of stingray injury, they are so bulky and drag so much in the water as to be impractical for the typical beachgoer or water sport enthusiast.
Accordingly, in view of the challenges and lack of appropriate protective water sport footwear, various stingray proof or resistant water footwear are elucidated in the following description.
The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the claimed subject matter. This summary is not an extensive overview, and is not intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope of the claimed subject matter. Its purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
In one aspect of the disclosed embodiments, a flexible, protective water sport footwear is provided, comprising: a stretchy, flexible material configured to form at least one pair of booties that covers an entirety of a person's feet and ankles when worn; and a plurality of puncture resistant, non-stretchy protective materials attached in a pattern to at least one of an inner and outer side of the at least one pair of booties, the pattern providing coverage of a majority of the person's sole, toes, and arch, wherein a comfort and flexibility of the at least one pair of booties is preserved because the pattern provides gaps being occupied by the flexible material, the gaps at least being between the person's toes and arch, and along the person's Achilles tendon.
In another aspect of the disclosed embodiments, the above footwear is provided, wherein the pattern is applied to the outer side of the booties and comprises: a first protective material entirely surrounding the person's toes including a bottom of the toes; and a second protective material covering sides and a bottom of the person's arch from a heel side to before the person's toes, wherein a top portion of the person's arch is not covered; and/or wherein the gap along the person's Achilles tendon is occupied by a zipper; and/or further comprising a fastening strap attached to an upper portion of the at least one pair of booties; and/or wherein the pattern comprises: a first protective material is applied to the inner side of at least one pair of booties; and a second protective material is applied to the outer side of at least one pair of booties; and/or wherein two sets of bootie pairs are formed and the pattern comprises: a first protective material is applied to the outer side of a first pair of the two bootie sets; and a second protective material is applied to the outer side of a second pair of the two bootie sets, wherein the two pairs of booties are worn over each other and an overlay of the first and second protective materials provides the coverage of a majority of the person's sole, toes, and arch; and/or further comprising a fastening strap attached to a upper portion of the second pair of booties; and/or wherein an entirety of the sole is protected by the pattern; and/or wherein an entirety of a top of the arch is protected by the pattern; and/or wherein the flexible material is approximately between 1.5 mm-7 mm in thickness; and/or wherein the flexible material is made of neoprene; and/or wherein the protective materials are made of vulcanized rubber or nylon and are between 2-3 mm in thickness; and/or wherein the attachment of the protective materials is performed by applying a liquid form of the protective materials and allowing it to harden; and/or wherein the protective materials are vulcanized upon attachment; and/or wherein the pattern is applied to a more than two sets of bootie pairs; and/or wherein the protective materials in the pattern are separated from each other by the flexible material; and/or, wherein the protective materials in the pattern are layered and not fastened to one another and can move independently of one another when worn on the foot; and/or wherein protective material is attached as an insert into the booties; and/or wherein the pattern provides protection from a stingray barb foot strike.
It is understood that the term “booties” in this disclosure is in reference to water sport footwear, commonly worn by scuba, swimmers, surfers, surf fishers, watercraft (e.g., jet skis), etc., which at least cover the sole of the foot and up to or over the ankles, providing a covering over the entire foot and cushioning to the undersole. The nature of prior art water footwear (i.e., bootie) is that it is usually is made from a soft rubber or neoprene-like material being secured either with a zippered side or hook-loop fastened strap.
One published study described testing of various materials to line a neoprene surf bootie. See, Zachary C. McGaugh, “What Material Is Best for Lining the Inside of a Surf Bootie to Prevent Foot Penetration from a Stingray Barb?,” California State Science Fair 2013 Project Summary, Project Number J2116. The abstract describes testing of ten materials as a liner for a neoprene surf bootie. The abstract identified RHINOGUARD™ as an effective liner material. The RHINOGUARD™ material is a modified fabric that is coated. The material as a full liner is less than ideal for booties as it is very expensive to produce, and not commercially available. Additionally, the material poses difficulty in adhering to neoprene and is not comfortable enough by itself to make a wearable bootie out of. The intended use of the material is glass handling, metal forming, waste management and recycling. Ocean sportwear requires better flexibility, breathability and shouldn't retain too much water.
Lombard, US Published Patent Application 20130055589 is entitled a protective aquatic shoe. The publication lacks any detailed description or illustration to accomplish the stated purposes, however. The only materials described are rubber and synthetic rubber, and the description fails to detail how such materials are used.
Bobzien WIPO Publication WO20160644091 describes stingray repellent footwear, swim goggles and a swim cap. The footwear includes magnets. The theory is that magnet elicit an aversion response from stingrays. This theory is unproven. Additionally, such footwear provides little protection, when a person steps on a buried stingray, which will sting despite any discomfort caused by the magnetic field.
One product offered as CrackShot StingRay Guardz™ is a bulky strap-on pair of protective pieces that wading shoes or boots. It is made of 1000 denier nylon fabric that encases polycarbonate inserts. This is bulky protection that significantly hinders mobility in water, and is unsuited for many water sports and activities as well as for general comfort.
In view of the prior art, it is clear that there is great need for stingray proof water footwear or “booties” that can be comfortable and useable for water sports. As such, various exemplary embodiments are described that provide flexible puncture resistant water footwear. The exemplary footwear is suited for water sports and provides the comfort and high performance of neoprene surf booties. An exemplary embodiment includes flexible and stretchy fabric, e.g., neoprene or the like, shaped as a bootie to cover the foot and a layered pattern of puncture-resistant inserts or attachments are arranged to provide stingray proof protection as well as allow comfortable fit while allowing comfortable user motion. An exemplary material for the puncture-resistant inserts or attachments is vulcanized rubber, but it is understood that other materials may be used. The exemplary pattern is set to provide protection in the areas where stingray barbs strike during a typical encounter when a wearer accidently steps on a stingray that is buried. In one or more exemplary embodiments, an applicable pattern includes a toe insert or attachment, a sole insert or attachment, and a section that wraps a side foot, and/or ankle and/or Achilles tendon. A top surface of the footwear can include gaps without the insert or attachment to retain high comfort and flexibility. The fabric of the footwear can be neoprene or similar in capability noting the fabric may not need to be entirely solid (e.g., may be like a fine mesh) or have predetermined gaps therein. A typical footwear fabric (or neoprene) can range approximately between 1.5 mm-7 mm in thickness. For a two pair embodiment, as described below, the thickness of the fabric (or neoprene) can be less, ranging approximately between 1.5 mm-4 mm in thickness.
In various exemplary embodiments, the puncture resistant inserts or attachments can be made of rubber and have a thickness of at least ˜2 mm, and preferably in the range of ˜2-3 mm, although this thickness may vary slightly depending on the specific type of rubber (and particularly the hardness of the formulation of the rubber). Vulcanized rubber is a preferred material, but other materials having similar hardness, flexibility, and the ability to attach to the flexible material can be used. A nonlimiting example is nylon. In prototypes, a hot glue with at thickness of ˜3 mm was applied and hardened to serve as the insert(s). The glue served to be barb resistant but is less aesthetically pleasing, less flexible, and less durable than the vulcanized rubber. Vulcanized rubber works better than regular rubber because it is harder. But softer rubber can still be effective with larger thickness, e.g., in the range of approximately 4-7 mm. Generally, inserts/attachments are made thick enough to resist puncture based upon material hardness, while allowing the flexible layer to function and retain the comfort and sport properties desirable in footwear. Also, in some forms of rubber or protective material, the inserts/attachments can first be of a liquid or semi-liquid form and applied to the underlying material, and harden to the desired hardness upon curing or drying.
While the exemplary embodiments shown herein are depicted as “attachments” (or bonding to the fabric) it is understood that the equivalent functionality can be obtained by utilizing “inserts” in one or more sleeves or pockets in the underlayment, and therefore, booties that utilize inserts instead of attachments are understood to be within the scope of this disclosure.
Artisans will appreciate that other materials can be used for the inserts/attachments, so long as the material exhibits both resistance to barbs and are reasonably flexible. Traditional textiles like cloth, neoprene, even Kevlar, are unsuitable as they provide basically no protection. Hard materials like plastic or metal (imagine a credit card) provide good protection but are too inflexible. A material that can be used is cotton insulation, which is flexible and can catch a barb in its fibers. The cotton insulation should be packaged as an insert and attachment and is more difficult to incorporate than rubber. A sufficient thickness/hardness of vulcanized rubber on top of foamed neoprene has been found to be an effective solution for flexibility, durability, resistance to seawater, puncture resistance, and price.
In view of the above, an insert may be composed of layers of different materials. Also, in some embodiments, areas of the inserts/attachments may be composed of layers of differing materials, having different respective protection vs. flexibility parameters, for example. Further, the shaping of the insert (angle from plane of the insert) may vary to allow a striking barb to deflect into a preferred direction. That is, an insert/attachment may have a varying thickness, if so desired.
Generally, water footwear according to the various embodiments of this invention can be designed to include a stretchy flexible material and a protective material, affixed in an exemplary pattern to the stretchy flexible material. As a whole, the exemplary pattern permits footwear that (1) stretches to provide a close, comfortable fit and allows for user motion, while (2) greatly reducing the risk of puncture.
One possible exemplary embodiment is a stingray-resistant, water sock-bootie, composed of a stretchy flexible foamed-neoprene “sock,” and a tougher patterned insert or attachment of vulcanized rubber at particular locations. The sock stretches to fit tightly against the foot, providing a comfortable fit for a range of foot shapes/sizes and limiting water ingress/drag. The pattern protects against stingray barb puncture and is specifically shaped and patterned to maximize area coverage while minimizing the effect on mobility and fit.
In an exemplary embodiment, flexible material is used as a base material to fit to the user's foot, allowing for mobility and comfort. The protective material can be bonded on a surface, for example, of the base material in a specific pattern, so as to maximize the covered area, while still allowing for comfort, mobility and fit. The flexible material also increases the standoff distance between the protective material and the user's body, thus increasing the depth a sharp object would have to puncture to cause harm. Additionally, multiple independent layers of flexible material and protective material can be layered, to further increase coverage/puncture resistance, while still allowing for flexibility and fit.
In a prototyped embodiment, rubber is vulcanized directly on top of the surface of a stretchy flexible material such as a neoprene sock, thus bonding directly to it, and helping increase its durability. The rubber is arranged in a specific pattern that maximizes coverage of the foot/ankle area, while minimally limiting mobility. The rubber almost completely prevents the stretch of the neoprene underneath and somewhat limits its flexibility. However, there are several distinct sections of rubber with gaps in between to allow the underlying neoprene to stretch and flex unhindered in particularly important areas. The sections cover a majority of the area of the foot and ankle, which the inventors have determined are the most susceptible to ray stings and constituent the risk “area.” The following Figures illustrate some of the exemplary embodiments described.
Separation 14 of the main section 20 from the toe section 30 is evident in the bottom view of
A second embodiment type is one where there are two separate booties, worn over each other. Each of the two booties have a shape/location of protective layer(s), but each shape/location is different. In essence, in this second embodiment type, the overall pattern of the two layers is segregated onto two booties, versus the first embodiment type's one bootie approach. It is understood, the segregation of the protective layers across multiple booties can be extended to more than two booties, if so desired. And, therefore, while the following description of the second embodiment speaks of two booties, it is understood that three or more booties may be utilized without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure.
Referring now to the first embodiment type of a single bootie with dual layers,
Specifically, as seen in
Now referring to
Both inner and outer layers in a prototyped embodiment were vulcanized with the underlying bootie stretched over a shoe last of the appropriate size and shape, but the rubber is molded to the outer layer when the bootie is inside out. Thus, when it is turned inside out, the rubber on the second layer turns inward and is hidden from sight, between the two layers.
In the dual bootie embodiment, where there are two separate booties worn over each other,
The layered, double bootie approach is functionally similar to the single-layered, single bootie embodiment 100, and the two layered-single bootie example, except that the coverage of the foot with vulcanized rubber is spread across two booties having layers. Both layers are bonded to an underlying neoprene bootie, wherein the neoprene and/or vulcanized rubber can be thinner than that of the single-layered bootie 100 (to avoid excessive warmth/bulkiness), and the vulcanized rubber layers can then spatially “mesh” when the booties are combined to cover the desired risk area.
Importantly, the two booties are not actively fastened to one another—they move independently. Additionally, depending on the implementation, each bootie can be approximately half covered in rubber, so to still retain a significant ability to stretch. By virtue of friction, when the inner bootie is placed inside the outer bootie, the two bootie embodiment can be worn as a single piece of footwear. That is, the user can put on the two bootie embodiment in one motion (inner bootie fitting within outer bootie) if the fit is sufficiently loose, or one bootie a time, if the fit is tight.
The double-layered construction (either in bootie and/or protective layers) allows significant ability for the bootie(s) to stretch to different foot shapes and sizes, while still covering a very significant portion of the area at risk for stingray injury.
Additional embodiments will be apparent to artisans. For example, in the above embodiments, the amount of the gap portions in the pattern of the protective material can be varied to suit different risks/usages. While stingray protection is a goal, preferred footwear can have overall protection, flexibility and comfort tradeoffs based upon intended usage. E.g., diving booties can have stiffer, thicker rubber, especially in the sole, because less flexibility is required for diving, and for walking on sharp rocks, reefs, sea urchins, etc.—suggests much thicker on bottoms, more stretch in other areas. Puncture-resistant shin/ankle guards are a form of footwear for water use. Protect from fish like stingrays, scorpion fish, stonefish, sculpin, water snakes, etc. Similarly, puncture-resistant footwear can provide shin guards for out-of-water use, to protect users from snake bites and similar.
While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope being indicated by the following claims.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/252,960, filed Oct. 6, 2021, titled “Flexible Puncture Resistant Footwear,” the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | |
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63252960 | Oct 2021 | US |