Patent Grant
11124346
The present disclosure relates in general to shipping packages, and, in particular, to shipping packages made from one or more flexible materials.
E-commerce, or the use of the internet to find and purchase goods, is becoming a very popular way for consumers to shop. The advantages of e-commerce are many including: time-savings; competition; shopping at home, work or virtually anywhere; and importantly, the purchaser not having to transport the purchased articles from the location of purchase to the place of use. In the e-commerce system, goods purchased by consumers are generally transported to their homes or places of use by the seller or a service used by the seller. Many e-commerce retailers rely on shipping their goods through the mail, including government mail services and other private and semi-private mail services, or through other parcel or parcel-like delivery services. Such mail and parcel services are typically quite convenient to both the buyer and seller. However, transportation of fragile, heavy and/or bulky goods can be quite expensive due to the cost of the manual labor and materials needed to protect the goods during shipment.
These aspects, and others, relating to the shipment of goods through current mail and parcel delivery services create unique issues that, if not addressed, can negatively affect the cost and quality of the goods sold. For example, when shipping goods to consumers, the goods generally need to be disposed in a package that is strong, lightweight and convenient for the shipper and for the customer. That is, it should be designed to be capable of protecting the products being shipped from external conditions throughout the shipping process, and preferably so as to minimize material usage, weight and bulkiness. It should also be easy to construct, pack, close, label, open, and discard. If the shipping package does not meet any one or all of these characteristics, it can lead to extra costs, inconvenience for the seller or buyer, product damage, and/or consumer dissatisfaction.
Currently, most shipping packages are some form of flexible pouch (e.g. envelope) made from paper or plastic, or a box, often constructed from corrugated paperboard or cardboard. Although these shipping packages can be used to ship many different types of goods and are reasonably inexpensive, they generally are generic in the sense that they do not provide a custom fit for the products being shipped. This can lead to additional packaging being required to prevent damage to the products being shipped, significant volume being taken up in shipping trucks and warehouses due to the ill-fitting packaging, and difficulty for the consumer to open and/or discard of the shipping packaging. To address the ill-fitting, generic packaging, sellers often stuff the outer shipping packages with some type of material intended to fill the open area not filled by the goods themselves. Alternatively, sellers may employ additional processes to manipulate the products, and/or add protective layers to the product or primary packaging to ensure the product can be safe when placed into generic containers. However, both of these scenarios add more steps to process, weight, waste, and cost to the packaging and packing process, and often makes the consumer's experience when opening the package less than desirable (e.g. “packing peanuts” falling out of the package, needing a tool to open the package, etc.). Further, many of the current shipping packages are not weather or environment-resistant and can be damaged by or allow damage to the products being shipped by precipitation, wet surfaces and/or humidity. Accordingly, often such packages are wrapped in additional materials or must be placed in protected locations if they are to be left outside or unattended for any period of time.
Thus, it would be desirable to provide a shipping package that is low cost, yet customizable in terms of fit to the products being shipped. It also would be desirable to provide a shipping package that requires no additional fill to protect the goods. It also would be desirable to provide a shipping package that is easy to pack. It also would be desirable to provide a shipping package that is easy to open. It also would be desirable to provide a shipping package that is lightweight, yet provides protection to the goods being shipped. It also would be desirable to provide a shipping package that is easy to close. It also would be desirable to provide a shipping package that is easy to discard. It also would be desirable to provide a shipping package that takes up very little volume before and after use and is efficient in terms of volume when configured for shipping.
The present invention relates to a shipping package for shipping one or more articles, including: a flexible inner sheet having a first surface and a second surface, an inner sheet first portion and an inner sheet second portion; a flexible outer sheet having an outer sheet first portion and an outer sheet second portion, at least a part of the outer sheet first portion being connected to the first surface of the inner sheet to form one or more primary expansion chambers therebetween, the inner sheet second portion extending from the inner sheet first portion and being wrapped back onto the second surface of the inner sheet first portion to form an article reservoir between the inner sheet second portion and the inner sheet first portion; an expansion port in fluid connection with the one or more primary expansion chambers through which an expansion material can be introduced into the one or more expansion chambers; a closeable opening into which the one or more articles may be inserted; a vent disposed in fluid communication with the article reservoir; and an article retrieval feature that allows the user to open the package and retrieve the one or more articles from the article reservoir.
Also disclosed is a method of making the package of the present invention.
These and additional features will be more fully disclosed in the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings.
Several figures are provided to help the reader understand the invention. The figures are intended to be viewed in conjunction with the specification and are not intended to be limiting beyond that of the wording of the specification. Reference numbers are used to identify different features of the figures. The same reference numbers are used throughout the specification and drawings to show the same features, regardless of the variation of the invention that is depicted.
The present disclosure describes packages, such as primary packages, secondary packages, shipping packages, display packages and/or other packages made from one or more flexible materials. Although the invention is described and illustrated herein as a shipping package, the disclosure is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to a particular use and the disclosure should be considered applicable to all different types of packages having the disclosed features. Because these packages are made from flexible material(s), they can be less expensive to make, can use less material, can provide better protection, and can be easier to decorate, when compared with conventional rigid packages. These packages can be less expensive to make because the conversion of flexible materials (from sheet form to finished goods) generally requires less energy and complexity than formation of rigid materials (from bulk form to finished goods). They may use less material, because they are configured with novel support structures that do not require the use of the thick solid walls used in conventional rigid packages. They also can be easier to decorate because their flexible materials can be easily printed before or after they are constructed into three-dimensional shipping packages. Such flexible packages can be less prone to scuffing, denting, and rupture, because flexible materials allow their outer surfaces to deform when contacting surfaces and objects, and then to return to their original shape. They can provide better protection by making the packages out of weather and environment-resistant materials and configuring the materials in such a way (e.g. expansion of portions thereof) to provide protection from dropping and other physical forces during shipping and handling. Importantly, even though the shipping packages of the present disclosure are made from flexible material(s), they can be configured with sufficient structural integrity, such that they can receive and contain one or more articles or products, as intended, without failure. Also, these packages can be configured with sufficient structural integrity, such that they can withstand external forces and environmental conditions from shipping and handling, without failure.
Yet another desirable feature of the packages of the present invention is that they can be easily shaped and configured for machine handling and use with autonomous vehicles and drones. The packages provide protection from bumping and dropping and have expandable chambers that can be used to provide grip regions for humans and machines.
As used herein, the term “ambient conditions” refers to a temperature within the range of 15-35 degrees Celsius and a relative humidity within the range of 35-75%.
As used herein, the term “closed” refers to a state of a package, wherein any products within the package are prevented from escaping the package (e.g. by one or more materials that form a barrier), but the package is not necessarily hermetically sealed. For example, a closed package can include a vent, which allows a head space in the package to be in fluid communication with air in the environment outside of the package.
As used herein, when referring to a flexible package, the terms “disposable” and “single use” refer to packages which, after being used for its intended purpose (e.g. shipping a product to an end user), are not configured to be reused for the same purpose, but is configured to be disposed of (i.e. as waste, compost, and/or recyclable material). Part, parts, or all of any of the flexible packages, disclosed herein, can be configured to be disposable and/or recyclable.
As used herein, when referring to a flexible package, the term “durable” refers to a package that is intended to be used more than one time. Part, parts, or all of any of the flexible packages, disclosed herein, can be configured to be durable and/or recyclable.
As used herein, when referring to a flexible package, the term “expanded” or “inflated” refers to the state of one or more flexible materials that are configured to change shape when an expansion material is disposed therebetween. An expanded structure has one or more dimensions (e.g. length, width, height, thickness) that is significantly greater than the combined thickness of its one or more flexible materials, before the structure has one or more expansion materials disposed therein. Examples of expansion materials include liquids (e.g. water), gases (e.g. compressed air), fluent products, foams (that can expand after being added into a structural support volume), co-reactive materials (that produce gas or foam), or phase change materials (that can be added in solid or liquid form, but which turn into a gas; for example, liquid nitrogen or dry ice), or other suitable materials known in the art, or combinations of any of these (e.g. fluent product and liquid nitrogen). Expansion materials can be added at atmospheric pressure, or added under pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, or added to provide a material change that will increase pressure to something above atmospheric pressure. For any of the flexible packages disclosed herein, its one or more flexible materials can be expanded at various points in time with respect to its manufacture, sale, and use. For example, one or more portions of the package may be expanded before or after the product to be shipped in the package is inserted into the package, and/or before or after the flexible package is purchased by an end user.
As used herein, the term “flexible shipping package” refers to a flexible package configured to have an article reservoir for containing one or more articles for shipment. Examples of flexible packages can be made from film, woven web, non-woven web, paper, foil or combinations of these and other flexible materials.
As used herein, when referring to a flexible package, the term “flexible material” refers to a thin, easily deformable, sheet-like material, having a flexibility factor within the range of 1,000-2,500,000 N/m. Flexible materials can be configured to have a flexibility factor of 1,000-2,500,000 N/m, or any integer value for flexibility factor from 1,000-2,500,000 N/m, or within any range formed by any of these values, such as 1,000-1,500,000 N/m, 1,500-1,000,000 N/m, 2,500-800,000 N/m, 5,000-700,000 N/m, 10,000-600,000 N/m, 15,000-500,000 N/m, 20,000-400,000 N/m, 25,000-300,000 N/m, 30,000-200,000 N/m, 35,000-100,000 N/m, 40,000-90,000 N/m, or 45,000-85,000 N/m, etc. Throughout the present disclosure the terms “flexible material”, “flexible sheet”, “sheet”, and “sheet-like material” are used interchangeably and are intended to have the same meaning. Examples of materials that can be flexible materials include one or more of any of the following: films (such as plastic films), elastomers, foamed sheets, foils, fabrics (including wovens and nonwovens), biosourced materials, and papers, in any configuration, as separate material(s), or as layer(s) of a laminate, or as part(s) of a composite material, in a microlayered or nanolayered structure, and in any combination, as described herein or as known in the art. For example, a flexible material may be a laminate of a paper to a PVOH material. Part, parts, or all of a flexible material can be coated or uncoated, treated or untreated, processed or unprocessed, in any manner known in the art. Parts, parts, or about all, or approximately all, or substantially all, or nearly all, or all of a flexible material can made of sustainable, bio-sourced, recycled, recyclable, and/or biodegradable material. Part, parts, or about all, or approximately all, or substantially all, or nearly all, or all of any of the flexible materials described herein can be partially or completely translucent, partially or completely transparent, or partially or completely opaque. The flexible materials used to make the packages disclosed herein can be formed in any manner known in the art, and can be joined together using any kind of joining or sealing method known in the art, including, for example, heat sealing (e.g. conductive sealing, impulse sealing, ultrasonic sealing, etc.), welding, crimping, bonding, adhering, and the like, and combinations of any of these.
As used herein, the term “joined” refers to a configuration wherein elements are either directly connected or indirectly connected.
As used herein, when referring to a sheet or sheets of flexible material, the term “thickness” refers to a linear dimension measured perpendicular to the outer major surfaces of the sheet, when the sheet is lying flat. The thickness of a package is measured perpendicular to a surface on which the package is placed such that the sheet would be lying flat if the package were not in an expanded state. To compare the thickness of a package in an unexpanded state, an expanded state and a deflated state, the thickness of each should be measured in the same orientation on the same surface. For any of the configurations, the thickness is considered to be the greatest thickness measurement made across the surface or face of the article in that particular orientation.
As used herein, the term “article reservoir” refers to an enclosable three-dimensional space that is configured to receive and contain one or more articles or products. This three-dimensional space may enclose a volume, the “article reservoir volume”. The articles or products may be directly contained by the materials that form the article reservoir. By directly containing the one or more products, the products come into contact with the materials that form the enclosable three-dimensional space, there is no need for an intermediate material or package. Throughout the present disclosure the terms “reservoir” and “article reservoir” are used interchangeably and are intended to have the same meaning. The shipping packages described herein can be configured to have any number of reservoirs. Further, one or more of the reservoirs may be enclosed within another reservoir. Any of the reservoirs disclosed herein can have a reservoir volume of any size. The reservoir(s) can have any shape in any orientation.
As used herein, when referring to a flexible package, the term “expansion chamber” refers to a fillable space made from one or more flexible materials, wherein the space is configured to be at least partially filled with one or more expansion materials, which create tension in the one or more flexible materials, and form an expanded volume.
As used herein, when referring to a flexible package, the term “unexpanded” refers to the state of an expansion chamber, when the chamber does not include an expansion material.
Flexible shipping packages, as described herein, may be used across a variety of industries for a variety of products. For example, flexible packages, as described herein, may be used for shipping across the consumer products industry, including but not limited to the following products: cleaning products, disinfectants, dishwashing compositions, laundry detergents, fabric conditioners, fabric dyes, surface protectants, cosmetics, skin care products, hair treatment products, soaps, body scrubs, exfoliants, astringents, scrubbing lotions, depilatories, antiperspirant compositions, deodorants, shaving products, pre-shaving products, after shaving products, toothpaste, mouthwash, personal care products, baby care products, feminine care products, insect repellants, foods, beverages, electronics, medical devices and goods, pharmaceuticals, supplements, toys, office supplies, household goods, automotive goods, aviation goods, farming goods, clothing, shoes, jewelry, industrial products, and any other items that may be desirable to ship through the mail or other parcel services, etc.
The flexible packages disclosed herein can be configured to have an overall shape. In the unexpanded state, the overall shape may correspond to any known two-dimensional shape including polygons (shapes generally comprised of straight-portions connected by angles), curved-shapes (including circles, ovals, and irregular curved-shapes) and combinations thereof. In the expanded state, the overall shape may correspond with any other known three-dimensional shape, including any kind of polyhedron, any kind of prismatoid, and any kind of prism (including right prisms and uniform prisms).
The package 10 in its expanded configuration has an expanded thickness T2. The expanded thickness T2 is significantly larger than the unexpanded thickness T1. The ability for the package to change size between its unexpanded state and expanded state is one of the reasons why the package of the present invention is unique and advantageous. The package 10 can be manufactured, shipped and stored in an unexpanded state and then expanded only when needed. This allows for significant efficiencies in terms of handling and storing the packages 10 before use. The same is true of the package 10 at the end of the shipping lifecycle. Whether it is intended to be reused or discarded, the package 10 can be deflated from its expanded state to a deflated state. As used herein, the term “deflated” means any pressure from a fluid that is causing an expansion chamber to expand has been released. A “deflated state” is when the package 10 has been expanded by introduction of an expansion material into one or more expansion chambers, but then the expansion chambers have been opened or otherwise made to be in fluid communication with the surrounding atmosphere and the expansion chambers are all in a state of equilibrium with respect to pressure of the surrounding atmosphere. Any measurements made of a package 10 in a deflated state should be made without any articles 100 in the article reservoir 28 unless otherwise set forth herein.
As shown in
Although the package 10 shown and described with respect to
Further, as shown in
Like the primary expansion chamber(s) 24, the secondary expansion chamber(s) 26 may be used to provide structural rigidity, mechanical protection and/or shape to the shipping package 10 when in an expanded configuration. If more than one secondary expansion chamber 26 is provided, the secondary expansion chambers 26 may be independent from each other or in fluid communication with each other. Also, the secondary expansion chamber(s) 26 may be in fluid communication with the primary expansion chamber(s) 24 or they may be separate from each other. They may be in fluid communication at one point during the manufacture and filling of the package 10 and then made separate or discontinuous from each other at some later point in time. This could be done by sealing portions of the chambers and/or by the use or one or more valves to control the flow of fluid between the chambers.
For packages having a single primary expansion chamber 24 and a single secondary expansion chamber 26, it may be desirable for the pressure in the chambers to be equal or different from each other. Further, where the package 10 includes more than one primary expansion chamber and/or more than one secondary expansion chamber 26, it may be desirable that any one of the one or more primary expansion chambers 24 be expanded to a different pressure than any one or more of the remaining primary expansion chambers and/or one or more of the secondary expansion chambers 26. Adjusting the pressure in different expansion chambers can provide the benefit of strengthening portions of the package (e.g. the expansion chambers that create a frame for the package), but allow for more flexible expansion chambers to be disposed, for example, in contact with the articles 100 in the article reservoir 28. Examples include but are not limited to configurations where the primary expansion chambers 24 have a higher internal pressure than the secondary expansion chambers 26, or vice-versa. Some specific, but non-limiting examples include where at least one of the primary expansion chamber(s) 24 have an internal pressure of from about ambient pressure to about 25 psig, from about 1 psig to about 20 psig, about 2 psig to about 15 psig, about 3 to about 8 psig, or about 3 psig to about 5 psig., and at least one of the secondary expansion chamber(s) 26 have an internal pressure of from about ambient pressure to about 25 psig, from about 1 psig to about 20 psig, about 2 psig to about 15 psig, about 3 psig to about 10 psig, about 4 psig to about 10 psig or about 5 psig to about 10 psig, or about 7 psig to about 9 psig. In one example, one or more of the primary expansion chamber(s) 24 have an internal pressure of between about 2 psig to about 8 psig or about 3 psig to about 5 psig and one or more of the secondary expansion chamber(s) 26 have an internal pressure of between about 5 psig and about 10 psig or about 7 psig to about 9 psig.
The inner sheet 12, the outer sheet 14 and/or the secondary outer sheet 16 can be joined to each other in any number of places creating any number, shape and size of expansion chambers. The primary and/or secondary expansion chamber seams 20 and 27 can be of any length, width and shape. The primary and/or secondary expansion chamber seams 20 and 27 can be formed by any suitable method or material. For example, the seams 20, 27 may be formed by glue, heat (e.g. ultrasound, conductive sealing, impulse sealing, ultrasonic sealing, or welding), mechanical crimping, sewing, or by any other known or developed technology for joining sheets of material. The seams 20, 27 can be continuous or intermittent, can be straight or curved, and can be permanent or temporary. The shape of the seams 20, 27 can be used to form the shape of the expansion chambers 24 or 26 alone or in addition to other structural elements. For example, the secondary expansion chambers 26 can be shaped by the secondary expansion chamber seams 27 in combination with additional materials disposed within the secondary chambers 26 or joined thereto. Further, chambers 24, 26 can be shaped by the use of chemical or mechanical modifications to the materials forming the sheets. For example, a portion of the inner sheet 12, outer sheet 14 and/or secondary outer sheet 16 may be heated, ring-rolled, chemically treated or modified to make it more or less flexible, extensible, non-extensible, stronger, weaker, shorter, or longer than prior to treatment.
The expansion chamber(s) 24, 26 can have various shapes and sizes. Part, parts, or about all, or approximately all, or substantially all, or nearly all, or all of the expansion chamber(s) 24, 26 can be straight, curved, angled, segmented, or other shapes, or combinations of any of these shapes. Part, parts, or about all, or approximately all, or substantially all, or nearly all, or all of an expansion chamber 24, 26 can have any suitable cross-sectional shape, such as circular, oval, square, triangular, star-shaped, or modified versions of these shapes, or other shapes, or combinations of any of these shapes. An expansion chamber 24, 26 can have an overall shape that is tubular, or convex, or concave, along part, parts, or about all, or approximately all, or substantially all, or nearly all, or all of a length. An expansion chamber 24, 26 can have any suitable cross-sectional area, any suitable overall width, and any suitable overall length. An expansion chamber 24, 26 can be substantially uniform along part, parts, or about all, or approximately all, or substantially all, or nearly all, or all of its length, or can vary, in any way described herein, along part, parts, or about all, or approximately all, or substantially all, or nearly all, or all of its length. For example, a cross-sectional area of an expansion chamber 24, 26 can increase or decrease along part, parts, or all of its length.
The flexible package 10 may include one or more expansion ports 50. An expansion port 50 may be provided to allow a user to direct an expansion material into one or more of the expansion chambers 24, 26. The expansion port 50 may be an opening between layers of the materials forming the package 10 or may be opening in any one or more layers that provides fluid communication to one or more of the expansion chambers 24, 26. In one example, a portion of the inner sheet 12 and the outer sheet 14 remain unjoined along a portion of the primary expansion chamber seam 20 to allow the user to introduce an expansion material into the expansion chamber 24. Additionally or alternatively, materials or structures can be placed in desired locations between the sheets to provide the expansion port 50. For example, a valve may be located between two of the sheets before or after they are joined to provide the expansion port 50 through which an expansion material may be introduced into one or more of the expansion chambers 24, 26.
Any one or more expansion ports 50 may be in fluid communication with any one or more expansion chamber 24, 26 and multiple expansion ports 50 may be in fluid communication with any one or more expansion chambers 24, 26. For example, it may be desirable for a single expansion port 50 to allow for introduction of an expansion material into all of the expansion chambers 24, 26 in the package 10. It may also be desirable for a single expansion port 50 to allow for introduction of an expansion material into only some of the expansion chambers 24, 26 in the package 10, such as for example those on one side of the package 10 or those formed between only the same sheets (e.g. inner sheet 12 and outer sheet 14). Further still, several expansion chambers 24, 26 may have different expansion ports 50 to allow for individual expansion of the chambers 24, 26. Individual expansion can be beneficial when different expansion pressures are desired for different expansion chambers 24, 26 and/or if the expansion chambers 24, 26 will be expanded at different times or with different equipment.
Typically, after the user introduces the expansion material through the expansion port 50, the expansion port is temporarily or permanently closed to prevent the escape of the expansion material(s) from the expanded chamber(s) 24, 26. A pressure source may remain in fluid communication with the expanded chamber 24, 26 throughout an operation that closes the expansion port 50 to help maintain the desired pressure in the expansion chamber 24, 26. Any means can be used to close the expansion port, including those described herein with respect to making chamber seams 20 and 27 as well as any other method suitable for closing the particular expansion port 50 that is used. The expansion port 50 may be hermetically sealed closed or not, depending on the desired end use of the package 10. Further, the expansion port 50 may include a closure other than a seal, such as, for example, a valve, a cap, a material to hold the expansion port 50 closed, such as an adhesive, or any other closure or closure means. The closure may be single use (e.g. once closed, can't be opened without damaging the package 10, expansion port 50 or closure, or may be reusable, such as a threaded cap or friction-fit plug or other closure that can be reused one or more times.
In any configuration, it may be desirable to include one or more vents 21 in fluid communication with the article reservoir 28 to allow the vacuum to be applied and/or to allow fluid to escape the article reservoir 28 during or after the expansion of the primary expansion chamber(s) 24. The vent 21 can be sealed after the package is fully constructed or it can remain partially or fully open to allow for fluid flow into and/or out of the article reservoir 28. The vent 21 can be configured to be self-sealing or can be sealed by some separate step and/or tool. The vent 21 can, for example, include a valve and can be one-way or two-way. That is, it can allow fluid to flow in both directions (in and out) or just one direction. One or more vents 21 can also be provided to allow fluid flow to or from other portions of the package 21, as desired.
The package 10 of the present invention includes one or more closeable openings 30 through which one or more articles 100 may be placed into the article reservoir 28. The closeable opening 30 is preferably an unjoined portion of the sheets making up the article reservoir 28. For example, the inner sheets 12 at one end 6, 8 of the package 10 may be left unjoined across all or a portion of the width W of the package 10 to form the closeable opening 30. The closeable opening 30 may be located anywhere on the package 10 and may be configured to best meet the needs of the user. For example, if a larger opening is needed, the closeable opening 30 may be disposed along a side edge 11. Also, the closeable opening 30 may be provided through one or more of the sheets making up the package 10. Thus, for example, the inner sheet 12, the outer sheet 14, and/or the secondary outer sheet 16 may include an opening therethrough to form the closeable opening 30. At a minimum, the closeable opening 30 should provide access to the article reservoir 28 prior to being closed. This allows the user to place the one or more articles 100 in the article reservoir 28 before shipping.
The closeable opening 30 may be any size desired by the user and can include any type of closure mechanism 31 or material, if a closure mechanism/material is used. For example, the closeable opening 30 may include an adhesive, mechanical closure, magnets, clips, folding closure device or any other closure mechanism desired by the user. As shown in
Where a distinct closure mechanism 31 is not used, the closeable opening 30 may be closed by sealing the materials located in the region of the closeable opening 30. Such sealing can be done using heat, chemicals, friction, static, sound, or other sources to close the closeable opening 30. It is also possible to provide additional materials in the location of the closeable opening 30 to help provide the desire closure. For example, additional materials with different melting temperatures or strength profiles may be provided. Also, materials like particles, metals, magnets and others may be provided in the area of the closeable opening to allow for sealing of the materials with different equipment and processes. Additionally or alternatively, the closeable opening 30 may be closed by expanding one or more of the expansion chambers 25 or 26.
The closeable opening 30 may be configured to be reusable (i.e. can be open and closed more than one time) or may be a single-use-type opening. Other features may also be included to help make the package more user-friendly. For example, the closeable opening 30 may be a different color from the rest of the package 10 or may include texture, indicia or other features to make it more readily apparent to the user. Also, the closeable opening 30 may have a sheet, coating or other material therein to help the user open the closeable opening 30 when it is time to insert the article(s) 100.
The closeable opening 30 may be configured such that it can be closed at the same time and/or with the same equipment as one or more of the expansion ports 50. For example, the package 10 can be configured such that the closeable opening can be heat seal closed at the same time one or more of the expansion ports 50 is heat seal closed. Alternatively, the closeable opening 50 can be configured to be closed at a different time than the expansion port(s) 50 and/or by different means. Thus, the article(s) 100 can be placed in the package 100 and the closeable opening 30 be closed at a time different than the expansion of the expansion chambers 24, 26. This may allow for better overall results, for example, if the article 100 must be protected from dust, but the package 10 can't be finally expanded for shipment until a time and/or location different from when and where the article 100 is placed in the package 10. In such situations, the closeable opening 30 can be closed after the article 100 is placed in the article reservoir 28 and need not wait to be closed until the expansion chambers 24, 26 are expanded for shipment.
The package 10 may include one or more article retrieval features 55, as shown in
It may be desirable that the article retrieval feature 55 forms part of the package 10 so that no additional tools are needed to access the article(s) in the article reservoir 28. Alternatively, a tool that can be used to open the package 10 can be attached to the package 10, disposed in the package 10, made part of the package or otherwise provided for ease of opening such packages 10. The tool, if used, can be reusable, disposable or single-use.
It may also be desirable that the article retrieval feature 55 be operatively associated with one or more of the expansion chambers 24, 26. That is, when the package 10 is opened using the article retrieval feature, one or more of the expansion chambers 24, 26 are also opened, allowing the expansion material 25 to escape. This configuration may be preferred when the end user intends to deflate or return the package 10 to its unexpanded state once the article 10 is retrieved. The article retrieval feature 55 can be operatively associated with one or more of the expansion chambers 24, 26 to provide for immediate or extended release of the expansion material 25. Further, the article retrieval feature can be configured to release the pressure or deflate one or more of the expansion chambers 24, 26 at a different time than one or more of the other expansion chambers 24, 26 and/or at any time during the package opening or article retrieval process.
The article retrieval feature 55 may be configured to permanently destroy the package 10 or any part thereof. For example, the article retrieval feature may, when deployed, render the package 10 unfit for re-use. This could be due to tearing of some part of the package 10 or by otherwise rendering one or more of the expansion chambers 24, 26 or the article reservoir 28 unusable.
Alternatively, the article retrieval feature 55 can be configured to be reusable and allow for the package to be reused as a shipping package 10. For example, the article retrieval feature 55 may be configured such that it provides access to the article reservoir 28 when deployed, but does not deflate or otherwise interfere with any of the expansion chambers. In such configurations, it is possible to open the package 10 to retrieve any articles 100 therein, but to not otherwise deflate, damage or destroy the package 10. Thus, it can allow for reuse of the package 10. This is especially beneficial for product returns and for packages 10 that are intended to be used to display, store, or provide some other functional property to the articles 100 therein.
The package may also include a chamber deflation feature that is integral with or separate from the article retrieval feature 55. As used herein, a “chamber deflation feature” is used to describe any feature that is used to deflate an expansion chamber, and can include a chamber deflation feature or a combined article retrieval and chamber deflation feature. Examples of chamber deflation features include, but are not limited to tear strips; tools to puncture one or more layers of the package 10; openable closures such as, for example, screw on caps, snap on caps, adhesive closures, mechanical closures; and other closure means and mechanisms. Another example includes providing a sticker or other cover material over a hole in one or more of the expansion chambers 24, 26 that can be removed to release the expansion material 25.
The package 10 may include a dispenser (not shown) which can be configured to dispense one or more products from one or more of the reservoir 28 disposed within the package 10. The dispenser may be disposed anywhere on the package 10, as desired and can take on any form such as an opening, a nozzle, a spout, a sprayer, a unit dose dispenser, a trigger dispenser or any other desired dispenser. The package 10 can be made from a variety of materials. Such materials may include, for example and without limitation, films, woven materials, non-woven materials, paper, foil, and/or any other flexible materials. In fact, an advantage of the package 10 of the present invention is that it can be made substantially, almost entirely or entirely from flexible materials but still provide the rigidity, strength and protection needed to successfully and economically ship consumer products through established parcel and mail delivery systems. For example, the package 10 may comprise or be manufactured only of one or more film materials without the need for additional rigid interior or exterior elements, such as wood, metal, solid foam or rigid plastic or a paperboard box, to provide shape and/or structure to the package 10. Stated differently, the package 10 may consist of, or consist essentially of flexible materials. This can be advantageous for both manufactures and consumers as flexible materials such as sheets of film are often easier to handle, ship and store than more bulky items like paperboard boxes and other structural packaging members.
If films are used, the films may include, for example, polyethylene, polyester, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polyproplene, polyvinyl chloride, and the like. The sheets may include and/or be coated with a dissimilar material. Examples of such coatings include, without limitation, polymer coatings, metalized coatings, ceramic coatings, and/or diamond coatings. The sheets may be plastic film having a thickness such that the sheets are compliant and readily deformable by an application of force by a human. The thicknesses of the inner, outer and secondary outer sheets 12, 14 and 16, respectively, may be approximately equivalent. Alternatively, the thicknesses of the sheets may be different.
The materials making up the sheets may be laminates that include multiple laminated layers of different types of materials to provide desired properties such as strength, flexibility, the ability to be joined, and the ability to accept printing and/or labeling. The materials, for example, may have a thickness that is less than about 200 microns (0.0078 inches). One example of a film laminate includes a tri-layer low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/Nylon/LDPE with a total thickness of 0.003 inches.
Other types of laminate structures may be suitable for use as well. For example, laminates created from co-extrusion, or coat extrusion, of multiple layers or laminates produced from adhesive lamination of different layers. Furthermore, coated paper film materials may be used. Additionally, laminating nonwoven or woven materials to film materials may be used. Other examples of structures which may be used include, but are not limited to: 48ga polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/ink/adh/3.5 mil ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH)-Nylon film; 48ga PET/Ink/adh/48ga MET PET/adh/3 mil PE; 48ga PET/Ink/adh/.00035 foil/adh/3 mil PE; 48ga PET/Ink/adh/48ga SiOx PET/adh/3 mil PE; 3.5 mil EVOH/PE film; 48ga PET/adh/3.5 mil EVOH film; and 48ga MET PET/adh/3 mil PE.
The sheets may be made from sustainable, bio-sourced, recycled, recyclable, and/or biodegradable materials. Nonlimiting examples of renewable polymers include polymers directly produced from organisms, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (e.g., poly(beta-hydroxyalkanoate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate, NODAX™), and bacterial cellulose; polymers extracted from plants and biomass, such as polysaccharides and derivatives thereof (e.g., gums, cellulose, cellulose esters, chitin, chitosan, starch, chemically modified starch), proteins (e.g., zein, whey, gluten, collagen), lipids, lignins, and natural rubber; and current polymers derived from naturally sourced monomers and derivatives, such as bio-polyethylene, bio-polypropylene, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polylactic acid, NYLON 11, alkyd resins, succinic acid-based polyesters, and bio-polyethylene terephthalate.
The sheets making up the package 10 may be provided in a variety of colors and designs, as to appeal to a consumer interested in purchasing the product held in the package 10. Additionally, materials forming the sheets may be pigmented, colored, transparent, semitransparent, or opaque. Such optical characteristics may be modified through the use of additives or masterbatch during the film making process. Additionally, other decoration techniques may be present on any surface of the sheets such as lenses, holograms, security features, cold foils, hot foils, embossing, metallic inks, transfer printing, varnishes, coatings, and the like. Any one or all of the sheets may include indicia such that a consumer can readily identify the nature of the product, or any given property of the product, held in the article reservoir 28 of the package 10, along with the brand name of the producer of the product held in the package 10, the sender of the package 10, or any third-party such as a sponsor of either the producer of the product or the sender of the package 10. The indicia may contain decorative elements. The indicia may also provide comment or instruction on use of the product and/or package 100. In particular, the first surface 17 or the second surface 19 of the outer sheet 14 may be generally flat and free from interruptions. Accordingly, a variety of branded indicia may be applied to the first surface 17 or second surface 19 of the outer sheet 14 of the package 10 for viewing by a shipper or consumer.
Flexible film materials forming the sheets may be colored or pigmented. Flexible film materials may also be pre-printed with artwork, color, and or indicia before forming a package preform using any printing methods (gravure, flexographic, screen, ink jet, laser jet, and the like). Additionally, the assembled package 10 may be printed after forming using digital printing. Any and all surfaces of the package 10 may be printed or left unprinted. Additionally, certain laminates of a laminated film forming the sheets may be surface printed or reverse printed. In addition, functional inks may be printed on the sheets. Functional inks are meant to include inks providing decoration benefits, texture coatings, or other benefits including, for example and without limitation, printed sensors, printed electronics, printed RFID, and light-sensitive dies. Additionally, or in the alternative, labels, for example and without limitation, flexible labeling, or heat shrink sleeves may be applied to the sheets making up the shipping packages 10 or the shipping packages 10 themselves before or after expansion to provide the desired visual appearance of the packages 10. Because films can be printed flat and then formed into three dimensional objects, artwork can be designed to conform precisely to the package 10 itself or articles 100 therein. For example, some or all of the printing may be distorted relative to its desired finished appearance, so that the indicia acquire their desired finished appearance upon being formed into three dimensional objects. Such pre-distortion printing may be useful for functional indicia such as logos, diagrams, bar-codes, and other images that require precision in order to perform their intended function.
A variety of primary expansion materials 25 and/or secondary expansion materials 29 may be provided into the primary expansion chambers 24 and secondary expansion chambers 26, respectively. The primary expansion material 25 and/or secondary expansion material 29 may be a gas, a liquid, a solid or a combination thereof. One example of a solid expansion material is a solidifying foam. Such materials can be introduced into the expansion chambers as a fluid that changes to a solid or as a solid. If a foam is used, it may be an expandable foam that increases in volume as the foam solidifies. An example of such foams includes, without limitation, a two-part liquid mixture of isocyanate and a polyol that, when combined under appropriate conditions, solidify to form a solid foam. One advantage of such an expansion material 25 is that it may be possible to use it for the intended purpose without the need to seal the expansion chamber(s), which can simplify the manufacturing and/or expansion chamber filling process. The expansion material may include a perfume, scent, color or have other consumer noticeable attributes that can provide aesthetic and/or functional benefits while enclosed within the expansion chambers or when released therefrom. For example, a scent can be included in the expansion material 25 such that when one or more of the expansion chambers is deflated, the scent is released into the air. Further, an expansion material can be used that provides UV protection, insulation or another desirable function.
The expansion material 25 may be an “expand-on-demand” material that can be expanded at any time by the user. For example, expansion of the expansion chambers 24, 26 may be caused by a phase change of a fluid introduced into the chambers. Examples of the phase change may include injecting a quantity of cooled material, for example and without limitation, liquid nitrogen or dry ice. By sealing the chamber from the external environment and allowing the expansion material to vaporize and/or sublimate when reaching an ambient temperature, pressures between the sheets may cause the expansion chambers to expand. Chemically reactive materials, for example and without limitation, a weak acid, such as citric acid, to a weak base, such as sodium bicarbonate, may be introduced into the chambers and can be activated, as desired, by the user. In such configurations, it may not be necessary to have an opening or port into which the user can introduce the expansion materials.
If chemically reactive materials are used, they can be separated from one another to allow the user to determine when to expand the expansion chambers. For example, they can be separated using a frangible seal, which may be broken to induce a reaction that causes expansion of the expansion chambers. Also, chemically reactive materials may be chosen that are non-reactive with one another at certain environmental conditions, for example at certain temperatures. When expansion of one or more of the expansion chambers is desired, the package 10 may be exposed to the environmental conditions, for example, by increasing the ambient temperature, causing the chemically reactive materials to react with one another to cause the expansion. The chemically reactive materials may be non-reactive with one another unless subject to electromagnetic energy including, for example and without limitation UV light or microwave energy. In such cases, when expansion of one or more of the expansion chambers is desired, the package 10 may be exposed to the electromagnetic energy, causing the chemically reactive materials to react with one another to cause the expansion. Such expand-on-demand expansion materials 25 may be especially desirable for situations where it is useful for the user to be able to expand the expansion chambers at any desired time and/or at a location other than the manufacturing or fulfillment location. For example, a user could purchase a package 10, take it home or to a shipping location, place article(s) 100 in the reservoir 28 and expand the expansion chamber(s).
Although the expansion material may provide any amount of expansion desired, the it has been found that a pressure from about ambient pressure to about 25 psig, from about 1 psig to about 20 psig is generally suitable for shipping packages 10 used to ship typical consumer products. Higher or lower pressures may be desired in one or all of the expansion chambers 24, 26 depending on the article(s) 100 being shipped, the method of shipment, the expected environmental conditions, such as the temperature and/or altitude to which the shipping package 10 will be exposed.
The packages 10 of the present invention can be configured to have any desired mechanical, chemical, environmental (e.g. temperature, humidity, light, sound, dust, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, etc.), and other performance characteristics desired. For example, the packages 10 may include materials that resist penetration of humidity, water, light, certain chemicals, and/or gases. An advantage of the package 10 of the present invention is that it can be configured to meet or exceed many of the most common parcel shipping requirements, for example, as set for in industry standards like ISTA performance tests, without the need for multiple different packaging materials or difficult to construct and/or store packages.
The package 10 may be configured to endure the rigors of shipping through regions of changing ambient air pressure, such as transportation over mountains or shipment via air-cargo. Changes in ambient pressure may include increases in atmospheric pressure and decreases in atmospheric as well as changes in ambient pressure, such as in pressurized cargo holds. Transportation over high altitudes and/or shipment via air-cargo typically include a reduction in ambient air pressure. Such reductions in ambient pressure can result in an expansion chamber 24, 26 that is expanded to a pressure below its burst pressure at or near sea-level to burst during shipment. The expansion chambers 24 and 26 may be inflated sufficiently below their burst-pressure that they do not burst during shipment at reduced ambient pressure and/or may include vents or valves to allow some or all of the expansion material to escape if the expansion chamber is nearing its burst pressure.
In terms of mechanical protection, the packages 10 may be designed and configured to have properties that help protect any articles 100 shipped therein from damage due to mechanical forces, such as dropping, stacking, puncture, squeezing, tearing, pinching, etc. As with other attributes, the package 10 can be specifically designed to meet the needs of the user in terms of mechanical protection by choosing appropriate materials for different parts of the package 10, appropriately designing the shape of the package 10, appropriately expanding the one or more expansion chambers 24, 26, among other things.
One of the most important mechanical damaging forces to protect against during shipping is dropping. Often packages do not provide adequate protection for dropping because they allow the articles being shipped therein to “bottom out” when dropped. Bottoming-out occurs when any protective material in the package reaches its limit of protection and the article therein is subjected to the full resistance force of the surface on which it is dropped. The packages 10 of the present invention have been found to be particularly good at resisting bottoming out of articles shipped therein, and thus, can effectively prevent breakage and other damage to the articles.
Further, the package 10 may include one or more thermally insulating material. A thermally insulating material is one that would result in an increase of the R-value as measured between the reservoir 28 and the outside of the package. In one example, one or more of the expansion chambers 24, 26 may include a thermally insulating material. Non-limiting examples of thermally insulating materials include foams and gasses with R-values greater than air, such as, for example, noble gases such as argon.
The overall shape of the package 10 may include at least one relatively flat portion or “face”. This portion may be useful for applying shipping labels or instructions. Although not required, having a relatively flat portion may be useful in terms of handling the package 10 through conventional shipping systems. For example, when conveying packages at angles, rounded packages have a tendency to tumble, while packages comprising relatively flat portions are less likely to have that disadvantage. The overall shape of the package 10 may be roughly polyhedral. The overall shape of the package may be substantially a rectangular prism. Such shapes can also provide for better stacking, fit into conventional shipping equipment and handling.
Referring now to
Packages 10 according to the present disclosure may be manufactured according to a variety of methods. For example, the package 10 may be assembled according to the method described below. A first film (the inner sheet 12) and a second film (the outer sheet 14) are placed onto one another. A plurality of primary expansion chamber seams 20 are formed by heat sealing. The primary expansion chamber seams 20 formed by the heat-sealing operation define the expansion chamber(s) 24. To further define the expansion chambers 24, the heat seal die may include features that form seals about at any desired thickness, for example, about 0.325 inch thick. Prior to heat sealing, a one-way film valve may be placed between the inner sheet 12 and the outer sheet 14 the film valve spans across a location where the sheets 12 and 14 will have a seam 20. Examples of one-way film valves are described, for example, at U.S. Pat. No. 7,506,418 B2. The one-way film valve may include an ink or polymer material on at least a part of the film valve that enables the film valve to be sealed into the seams created by the heat seal die, but without sealing the film valve shut.
A heat seal die may be used to form the seam 20. If so, the die is heated to the desired temperature and pressed against the first and second films 12 and 14 to create the seams 20. The inner and outer sheets 12 and 14 may be positioned relative to the heat seal die a second time to create additional primary expansion chambers 24. If the package 10 includes three or more sheets creating any portion thereof, a heated die can be used to form secondary expansion chambers 26.
After the expansion chamber(s) 24 are formed, the ends and/or sides of the sheets may be joined to form the article reservoir 28 and the general shape of the package 10. Air, or another expansion material, may be introduced through the one-way film valve(s) to expand the expansion chamber(s) 24. Air may be introduced at any suitable pressure. For example, air may be introduced at ambient pressure or at any pressure greater than ambient, including, but not limited to a pressure from about 1 psig to about 20 psig to expand the chamber(s) 24 without risk of rupture of the first and second films by overpressure. Further, as noted, other expansion material 25 may be used and the primary expansion chambers 24 and secondary expansion chambers 26, if any, may be expanded to different pressures.
A plurality of packages 10 may be formed from larger continuous sheets of material. The packages 10 may be formed simultaneously or in series.
The packages 10 can use any and all materials, structures, and/or features for the packages 10, as well as any and all methods of making and/or using such packages 10, disclosed in the following U.S. patents and applications: (1) U.S. Pat. No. 9,815,258 filed May 7, 2012, entitled “Film Based Packages”; (2) U.S. Publication No. 2013/0292395 A1 filed May 7, 2012, entitled “Film Based Packages”; (3) U.S. Publication No. 2013/0292287 A1 filed Jul. 26, 2012, entitled “Film Based Package Having a Decoration Panel”; (4) U.S. Patent application 61/727,961 filed Nov. 19, 2012, entitled “Packages Made from Flexible Material”; (5) U.S. Pat. No. 10,040,581 filed Aug. 6, 2012, entitled “Methods of Making Film Based Packages”; (6) U.S. Publication No. 2013/0292413 A1 filed Mar. 13, 2013, entitled “Flexible Packages with Multiple Product Volumes”; (7) U.S. Pat. No. 9,469,088 filed Mar. 15, 2013, entitled “Flexible Materials for Flexible Containers” 61/789,135; (8) U.S. Patent Application 62/701,273 filed Jul. 20, 2018 entitled “Adsorbent Matrix as Propellant in Aerosol Package”; (9) U.S. Patent Application 62/783,535 filed Dec. 21, 2018 entitled “Shaped Flexible Shipping Package and Method of Making”; (10) U.S. Patent Application 62/810,987 filed Feb. 27, 2019 entitled “Flexible Shipping Package”; (11) U.S. Patent Application 62/838,955 filed Apr. 26, 2019 entitled “Flexible Shipping Package and Method of Making”; (12) U.S. Patent Application 62/851,224 filed May 22, 2019 entitled “Flexible Package and Method of Manufacture”; (13) U.S. Patent Application 62/851,230 filed May 22, 2019 entitled “Flexible Package and Method of Manufacture”; (14) U.S. Patent Application 62/864,549 filed Jun. 21, 2019 entitled “Flexible Package and Method of Manufacture”; and (15) U.S. Patent Application 62/864,555 filed Jun. 21, 2019 entitled “Flexible Package”; each of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm”.
Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or patent publication, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any document disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such embodiment. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
While certain embodiments, variations and features have been illustrated and described herein, it should be understood that various other changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed subject matter. Moreover, although various aspects of the claimed subject matter have been described herein, such aspects need not be utilized in combination. It is therefore intended that the appended claims cover all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of the claimed subject matter.
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