Patent Application
20070245642
This application claims the benefit under 35 USC 119 of Swiss Patent Application No. 572/06 filed Apr. 7, 2006, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The invention is in the field of floor systems, in particular floor systems for conservatories and other extensions of buildings and/or small buildings according to the generic term of the independent patent claim.
In the domain of e.g. conservatories systems are known for which relatively extensive concrete foundations are required. This is correspondingly elaborate and costly. In this regard improved floor systems are now known from CH 695 736, in which only punctual foundations at the corners of the floor are required, such that only small areas need to be excavated. The floor system presented in this document additionally comprises a steel frame and a floor panel which is thermally and statically independent thereof. Thus thermal insulation of the floor is simplified and cracking fissuration due to different expansions is prevented.
This floor system, however, is disadvantageous in so far that excavations for concrete foundations are still necessary.
Starting from the described state of the art the object is to create a floor system, the installation of which involves no or only minor excavations.
This object is achieved by the invention as defined in the claims.
The invention is based on the replacement of concrete foundations by ground anchors. The ground anchors comprise anchoring elements by which the anchor is substantially retained in the ground, e.g. soil, essentially by means of positive engagement.
As the anchors may be driven into the ground, a preceding excavation is completely or at least largely unnecessary.
A further advantage of the use of ground anchors is that they do without a joining compound, such as e.g. concrete, cement etc.. Joining compounds require a certain time for desiccation or hardening respectively. This time can be saved. Furthermore conventional joining compounds are usually based on water and where necessary other bonding agents which may only be used within a certain temperature range. The working of concrete is e.g. not or only inadequately possible at temperatures below zero degrees Celsius. The floor system according to the invention may, however, due to the use of concrete anchors, be installed in any weather, in particular also under permafrost.
In a preferred embodiment, which comprises a panelled floor and a frame structure, said frame structure surrounding the panelled floor at least partly, no building materials containing water are used for the complete floor system including the panelled floor, such that the floor may be constructed in any weather, in particular also under permafrost.
The panelled floor of conventional floors comprises a concrete underlay, which is cast and desiccated before the floor panels are positioned. In a preferred embodiment the panelled floor is replaced by a dry construction system, which advantageously comprises prefabricated individual panels or a multi-layer prefabricated floor panel. Such a panel may e.g. be or comprise a dry concrete slab or a different kind of concrete bonded dry slab.
The construction of the system floor thus becomes largely independent of the prevailing ambient temperature conditions and in particular of those in the floor itself. In addition, excavation is restricted to a moderate depth for the frame construction and where necessary for the floor panel positioned in it.
A panelled floor or a floor panel respectively mainly serves statics over the complete floor and insulation and comprises a corresponding insulating layer. A floor panel is advantageously insulated thermally against the frame construction and surrounding soil.
The frame construction substantially replaces a frost barrier and is statically independent of the rest of the floor construction. Thus a cracking fissuration caused by different expansions in the panelled floor, in particular in a concrete slab can be prevented.
A frame construction is advantageously designed to be circumferential to a floor panel, whereas the frame construction is fastened to at least one ground anchor and where necessary to a wall. The floor system is particularly suited to building extensions such as e.g. conservatories and winter gardens, but also for individual small buildings such as tool sheds, aviaries etc.
In the following exemplified embodiments are described in more detail by means of a drawing.
In the Figure an embodiment of the inventive floor system is shown.
In the Figure a section of a floor system with a frame construction 1 and a panelled floor is shown. The frame construction can be a circumferential steel frame. At the corners of the steel frame a ground anchor is fixed to, e.g. bolted or welded. The panel construction, which substantially consists of a multi-layer floor panel, is partially or completely framed by the frame construction 1. In the present example the floor panel consists of the following layers: a profiled sheeting 3 (trapezoidal corrugations), a flat sheeting 4, an insulation 5, a multi-layer dry concrete slab 6. The multi-layer dry concrete slab is a prefabricated dry concrete slab unit and in this example consists of two conjoined, advantageously bonded or glued together, individual dry concrete slabs. The individual concrete slabs are offset in relation to one another in order to enlarge a bonding surface and to restrict a possible formation of fissures in joining areas to one single layer.
Individual layers or slabs respectively may be attached to one another, especially by means of bolting or riveting. This is advantageous carried out prior to the fitting or installing of the dry floor system. For this purpose e.g. the profiled sheeting is joined to the flat sheeting. Such a joining of individual slabs as well as the manufacture of slab systems is carried out before construction of the floor system, such that a dry slab system is formed, which, together with the frame construction and the ground anchors, forms a dry construction system. An uppermost (multi-layer) dry concrete slab is advantageously not connected to other elements such as other slabs or the frame, but laid out in a floating manner. This guarantees decoupling between frame and concrete floor.
The insulation 5 is advantageously a slab of polyurethane foam of several centimeters thickness, advantageously 3-8 cm, e.g. 6 cm. The dry concrete slab 6 is of a preferred thickness in the region of 1.5-5 cm, e.g. 2-4 cm, e.g. 2.5 cm.
It is also possible to use a sandwich-slab as floor panel as described in CH No. 695 736, where profiled sheeting, insulation, and flat sheeting form the sandwich-slab, i.e. the insulation and the flat sheeting are interchanged in relation to the present construction. It is, however, self-evident that insulating and stabilizing layers and panels may be arranged in different manner and if appropriate supplemented by further layers and/or replaced by other suitable materials.
Between the steel frame and the floor panel another insulation (not shown in the figure) is advantageously inserted, e.g. an insulating strip of few millimeters to few centimeters thickness, e.g. 1 cm, to impede a thermal bridge. Furthermore a tolerance element 7 is loosely laid out on the steel frame, which tolerance element compensates tolerances e.g. of the floor, of the assemblies built onto the floor, e.g. a conservatory, and/or a building to which a conservatory is annexed. This kind of tolerance element is advantageously made of plastic or wood and additionally impedes a thermal bridge between frame and assembly.
The ground anchor 2 comprises two opposingly arranged anchoring elements 9 which are shovel-shaped or triangular. They are, with their wider side facing upwards, arranged laterally on a central tubular anchor element. These anchoring elements 9 retain the ground anchor in the soil and anchor the frame construction that is fixed to the ground anchor or to the several ground anchors and thus anchor the floor system. The ground anchor is advantageously made of metal, e.g. of steel and may, if required, also be fixed to a longitudinal side of the steel frame.
The anchoring elements may be arranged flexibly, such that, when positioning the ground anchor, e.g. by means of driving into the ground, e.g. into soil, they lie closely against the central elements and do not take up their strutted position until they have reached their final anchoring position. In a preferred embodiment of the ground anchor the anchoring elements are connected via a thread mechanism, e.g. a threaded rod, which leads through the central anchoring element, to the opposite ends of the anchor, which protrude out of the soil. A ground anchor is driven into the ground into a final position. Subsequently the anchoring elements are pressed outwards by means of the thread mechanism, so far that the ground anchor is anchored fast in the soil against traction.
Because an anchor even with its anchoring elements sticking out laterally, but in particular with its anchoring elements in resting position, demands a lot less spatial capacity than a concrete foundation, the excavation for the anchor with subsequent introduction of the anchor and filling up, excavation work is substantially less extensive.
It is also possible to arrange the anchoring elements in a sticking out position, e.g. in the final lateral position, before introducing the anchor in the ground. A subsequent compression of the ground can additionally contribute to the anchoring elements being surrounded with sufficient soil. It is, however, also possible to introduce a ground anchor further into the ground than the final anchoring position and to then draw the anchor back—possibly under rotation of the anchor—into the final position. The anchoring elements then grip into the soil as with a conventional ship's anchor.
The anchoring elements can also be distributed at different levels over the perimeter of the anchor, e.g. in a staggered manner. They are however arranged such that, in an installed condition of the anchor, they are completely introduced into the soil. The anchoring elements may be separate elements or in one piece with the anchor.
Having described exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawing, it will be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to those embodiments, and that various changes and modifications can be effected therein by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope or spirit or the invention as defined by the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 572/06 | Apr 2006 | CH | national |
