Flow formed gear

Abstract

A method of forming a ring gear from a ring blank includes providing a mandrel having a central axis and an outer annular forming surface. The outer annular forming surface defines a plurality of forming elements having a forming element axis offset from the central axis of the mandrel. The ring blank has a ring axis and is placed over the mandrel generally aligning the central axis of the mandrel with the ring axis of the ring blank. A roll is provided having a roll axis that is generally parallel with the element axis. The roll is forced radially inwardly while circumscribing the central axis. The roll pivots around the roll axis deforming the ring blank radially inwardly forming teeth on an inner surface of the ring blank that coaxial with the element axis and offset from the mandrel axis.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally toward a method of forming a ring gear. More specifically, this invention relates toward a method of forming a ring gear having internal teeth without the use of machining operations.

Gears are widely used in the mechanical arts to transfer motive force between mechanical components. The gear typically includes gear teeth that engage teeth formed on a cooperable gear or mechanical device to transfer motive force between the two elements. Because the mechanical forces are substantial upon each of the gear teeth, a precise dimensional configuration or profile is required to provide a uniform engagement. This is particularly necessary for gears used in automotive transmissions. To achieve precise dimensional configuration, milling, broaching, and machining operations are generally performed on a gear blank to achieve necessary gear teeth profiles. Generally, teeth formations may be formed in the gear blank and then a subsequent machining operation is performed to provide precise dimensional characteristics necessary to withstand the high loads required of complex motive operations used, for example, in automotive transmissions.

Attempts have been made to cold work or flow form gear teeth profiles in simple gears starting from a blank without the use of additional machining operations. While flow forming and cold working have shown promise in eliminating the necessary machining operations, forming defects are prevalent, that have heretofore reduced the ability to use gears having teeth formed only by cold working or flow forming in transmission operations. For example, a gear having angular or slightly helical teeth not parallel to a ring axis that have been formed by cold working or flow forming is known to have inconsistencies resulting from not fully filling mandrel formation elements used to form the gear teeth. Inconsistent forming of the gear teeth in a cold working or flow forming process results in mechanical failures in a device the gears used. Thus, it has been necessary to machine gear teeth used in high speed high torque operations.

Therefore, it would be desirable to provide a method of forming defect-free gear teeth on gear blank that does not require a secondary machining operation, yet enables the resultant gear to be used in a high speed high torque mechanical device.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present application discloses a method of forming a ring gear from a ring blank. A mandrel having a central axis and an outer annular forming surface defines a plurality of forming elements having forming element axis that is offset from the central axis of the mandrel. The ring blank has a ring axis and is placed over the mandrel generally aligning the central axis of the mandrel with the ring axis of the blank. A roll having a roll axis that is generally parallel with the element axis is forced radially inwardly while circumscribing the central axis. The roll pivots around the roll axis while being forced radially inwardly deforming the ring blank radially inwardly forming teeth on an inner surface of the ring blank that are coaxial with the elemental axis and offset from the mandrel axis.

Prior art flow forming techniques have used deformation devices that deform the ring blank over a mandrel or forming device configured to form gear teeth on the ring blank. Typically the device is aligned coaxial with the mandrel axis regardless of whether the gear teeth are aligned with the mandrel axis. This results in inconsistency in the teeth formed in the gear blank because the forces necessary to deform the ring blank into the forming elements are not uniform. It has been determined by the Applicant that aligning an axis of the roll in a parallel relationship with the forming element axis and not with a mandrel axis overcomes this deficiency and prior art flow forming techniques. This alignment allows for the complete elimination of any subsequent or secondary machining operations required to provide a uniform dimensionally accurate teeth on the ring gear.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a partial plan view of the inventive flow forming method;

FIG. 2 is partial sectional view along line 2-2 of FIG. 1 showing a ring blank interacting with a mandrel forming element;

FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view showing the ring blank being deformed radially inwardly into the forming elements of the mandrel;

FIG. 4 is a schematic elevational view of the roll of the present invention deforming the ring blank radially inwardly;

FIG. 5 is a schematic elevated showing the removal of the formed ring gear from the mandrel; and

FIG. 6 is a plan view along line 6-6 of the ring gear of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A schematic plan view of the forming assembly is generally shown at 10. A mandrel 12 is shown having a central axis a around which a ring blank 14 is disposed. The ring blank 14 includes an inner annular surface 16 that is smooth. The mandrel 12 includes an outer annular forming surface 18 that defines a plurality of forming elements 20. The forming elements 20 are offset from the mandrel axis a as is best represented in FIG. 4 and will be explained further below.

The inner annular surface 16 of the ring blank 14 defines an inner diameter 22 that generally equivalent to an outer diameter 24 of a first extent of the forming elements 20. Therefore, the ring blank 14 is secured upon the mandrel 12 with an interference fit between the inner annular surface 16 of the ring blank 14 and the forming elements 20 of the mandrel 12. It should be understood by those of skill in the art that the ring blank 14 and the mandrel 12 have the same axis a, or is otherwise coaxial. A roll 26 is mounted upon a drive 24 that provides force in a direction of arrow 30 driving the roll 26 radially inwardly toward mandrel axis a. The roll 26 is preferably a wheel 32 that rotates around roll axis 34. Preferably, a plurality of rolls 26 or wheels 32 is provided to reduce the cycle time of the ring gear formation.

As shown in FIG. 1, each roll 26 circumscribes the rink blank 14 while being forced radially inwardly by the drive 24 reshaping the inner annular surface 16 of the ring blank 14 into the forming elements 20 of the mandrel 12. The deformation of the inner annular surface 16 of the ring blank 14 forms gear teeth 36 associated with gear 38 (FIG. 6). By driving the roll 26 radially inwardly, the outer diameter of the ring blank 14 is decreased as the gear teeth 36 are formed on the inner annular surface 16. The mandrel 12 rotates about mandrel axis a in the direction of arrow 40 while-each roll 26 is forced radially inwardly. Alternatively, the mandrel 12 is stationary while each roll 26 circumscribes the ring blank 14 in a direction of arrow 42. A still further embodiment is contemplated where the mandrel 12 rotates around mandrel axis a in a direction of arrow 40 while each roll 26 circumscribes the ring blank 14 in an opposite direction of arrow 42 further reducing cycle time.

FIG. 2 shows the ring blank 14 in an abutting relationship with forming element 20 of the mandrel 12 prior to forming gear teeth 38. FIG. 3 shows the ring blank 14 being deformed radially inwardly into the forming element 20 of the mandrel 12 resulting in gear teeth 36 being formed on the inner annular surface 16 of the ring blank 14. The roll 26 articulates along roll axis 34 while being forced radially inwardly along arrow 30 to deform the ring blank 14 radially inwardly. Roll axis 34 is shown generally parallel to mandrel axis a. Furthermore, the roll 26 moves the full extent of the ring blank 14 so that the entirety of the ring blank 14 is forced radially inwardly to form a uniform outer annular surface 44 of a formed ring gear 46.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic side view of the inventive method 10 where the roll axis 34 is shown offset from the mandrel axis a. The forming elements 20 include a forming element axis 48 that is also offset from the mandrel axis a. The roll axis 34 and the forming element axis 48 are generally parallel so that the radially inwardly force being applied to the ring blank 14 by the roll 26 is generally perpendicular to the forming elements disposed on the mandrel 12 and therefore also perpendicular to the gear teeth 36 as being formed on the ring blank 14. While the roll axis 34 upon which the wheel 32 rotates is generally parallel to the forming element axis 48, the articulating motion of the roll 26 is generally parallel to the mandrel axis a. The resultant ring gear 46 shown in FIG. 6 has provided advantages not known to the prior art formed ring gears due to the articulating motion and the orientation of the rolls 26. Specifically, no machining is needed to the gear teeth 36 due to the improved filling into the forming elements 20 on the mandrel 12 by virtue of the parallel axial alignment between the roll 26 and the forming elements 20. This results in a smooth outer surface and uniform wall thickness also not known to present gear technology unless a substantial amount of machining is performed. This also facilitates a use of the resultant ring gear 46 in high speed applications such as automotive transmissions. It is further believed by using a plurality of rolls 26 radially spaced around the ring blank 14 simultaneously being forced radially inwardly toward the mandrel axis a improves both gear teeth 36 profiles and uniform thickness of the resultant gear 46.

The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that the terminology which has been used is intended to be in the nature of words of description rather than of limitation.

Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is, therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, wherein reference numerals are merely for convenience and are not to be in any way limiting, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.

Claims

1. A method of forming a ring gear from a ring blank, comprising the steps of: providing a mandrel having a central axis and an outer annular forming surface defining a plurality of forming elements having a forming element axis offset from said central axis of said mandrel; placing the ring blank having a ring axis over said mandrel and generally aligning the central axis of said mandrel with the ring axis of the ring blank; providing a roll having a roll axis being generally parallel with the element axis; and forcing said roll radially inwardly and circumscribing the central axis while pivoting said roll around said roll axis thereby deforming said ring blank radially inwardly forming teeth on an inner surface of the ring blank coaxial with said element axis and offset from said mandrel axis.

2. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein said step of circumscribing the central axis is further defined by rotating said mandrel while forcing said roll radially inwardly.

3. The method set forth in claim 1, further including the step of actuating said roll in a direction generally parallel to said mandrel axis while forcing said roll radially inwardly.

4. The method set forth in claim 3, wherein said step of actuating said roll in a direction generally parallel to said mandrel axis while forcing said roll radially inwardly is further defined by actuating said roll about a full extent of the ring blank.

5. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein said step of providing a roll is further defined by providing a plurality of wheels radial spaced around said mandrel.

6. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein said step of providing forming elements is further defined by providing helical ribs on said outer annular forming surface of said mandrel.

7. The method set forth in claim 1, wherein said step of deforming said ring blank radially inwardly is further defined by decreasing an outer diameter of said ring blank by forcing said ring blank into said forming elements disposed upon said outer annular forming surface of said mandrel.

8. A ring gear, comprising: a tubular wall defining a first axis and having an inner annular surface with a plurality of equally spaced teeth defining a second axis offset from said first axis; said teeth being formed by a mandrel having coaxial mandrel axis with said first axis of said tubular wall and a plurality of forming elements coaxial with said spaced teeth, said tubular wall being forced radially inwardly by a roll circumscribing said first axis at a decreasing diameter while pivoting on a roll axis coaxial with said second axis of said teeth.

9. The ring gear set forth in claim 8, further comprising a smooth annular outer wall formed by forcing said roll radially inwardly while said roll circumscribes said mandrel axis.

10. The ring gear set forth in claim 8, further comprising a smooth annular outer wall formed by forcing said roll radially inwardly while actuating said roll along a parallel axis with said mandrel axis.