Patent Application
20120155601
1. Field
The present disclosure relates to devices for harvesting water from the channel walls of a boiling water reactor (BWR).
2. Description of Related Art
Developments in fuel bundle designs have improved the critical power ratio (CPR) performance of interior rods. As a consequence, the periphery rods have become limiting in design. To improve the critical power ratio (CPR) performance of periphery rods, features have been machined in the channel walls to act as flow trippers. However, such machined features may be difficult to produce, inspect, and require specialized equipment. As a result, machining flow tripping features in the channel walls can be costly.
A flow tripping device according to a non-limiting embodiment of the present invention may include a peripheral band surrounding a central space; a plurality of flow tabs extending from an upper portion of the peripheral band toward the central space; and a plurality of finger structures extending from a lower portion of the peripheral band.
The peripheral band may have a symmetrical shape based on a plan view. The peripheral band may include a plurality of corners based on a plan view, and each corner of the peripheral band may be provided with at least one of the plurality of flow tabs. Similarly, the peripheral band may include a plurality of corners based on a plan view, and each corner of the peripheral band may be provided with at least one of the plurality of finger structures.
Each of the plurality of flow tabs may taper as it extends from the peripheral band. Each of the plurality of flow tabs may also curve inward toward the central space. The plurality of flow tabs may be spaced apart from each other by a space that corresponds to a shape of an inverted flow tab.
Each of the plurality of finger structures may have a segment that is parallel to but on a different plane than an outer wall of the peripheral band. Each of the plurality of finger structures may extend upward and back toward the peripheral band. Alternatively, each of the plurality of finger structures may extend downward and away from the peripheral band. The plurality of finger structures may be separated from each other by a plurality of slits. A total quantity of the plurality of finger structures may exceed a total quantity of the plurality of flow tabs. For instance, a ratio of the total quantity of the plurality of finger structures to the total quantity of the plurality of flow tabs may be about 3:1.
The flow tripping device may additionally include a plurality of dividers in the central space bounded by the peripheral band. The plurality of dividers may be connected to opposing inner walls of the peripheral band. A ratio of a total quantity of the plurality of dividers to a total quantity of the plurality of flow tabs may be about 1:6. The plurality of dividers may include a first group of parallel dividers that intersect a second group of parallel dividers. The first group of parallel dividers may be orthogonal to the second group of parallel dividers.
The flow tripping device may further include a plurality of convex portions on the peripheral band. The plurality of convex portions may protrude away from the central space bounded by the peripheral band.
A fuel bundle according to a non-limiting embodiment of the present invention may include a fuel channel; a plurality of fuel rods within the fuel channel; at least one water rod arranged in parallel with the plurality of fuel rods; and a flow tripping device secured to the at least one water rod, the flow tripping device including a peripheral band surrounding the plurality of fuel rods, a plurality of flow tabs extending from an upper portion of the peripheral band toward the plurality of fuel rods, and a plurality of finger structures extending from a lower portion of the peripheral band and configured to apply a spring force to inner walls of the fuel channel.
The various features and advantages of the non-limiting embodiments herein may become more apparent upon review of the detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are merely provided for illustrative purposes and should not be interpreted to limit the scope of the claims. The accompanying drawings are not to be considered as drawn to scale unless explicitly noted. For purposes of clarity, various dimensions of the drawings may have been exaggerated.
It should be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being “on,” “connected to,” “coupled to,” or “covering” another element or layer, it may be directly on, connected to, coupled to, or covering the other element or layer or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” another element or layer, there are no intervening elements or layers present. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout the specification. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It should be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of example embodiments.
Spatially relative terms (e.g., “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” and the like) may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It should be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the term “below” may encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing various embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
Example embodiments are described herein with reference to cross-sectional illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments (and inter mediate structures) of example embodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, example embodiments should not be construed as limited to the shapes of regions illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which example embodiments belong. It will be further understood that terms, including those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
A plurality of flow tabs 104 and finger structures 106 extend from the peripheral band 102. A total quantity of the plurality of finger structures 106 exceeds a total quantity of the plurality of flow tabs 104. As shown in the drawings, the flow tripping device 100 may be provided with nine flow tabs 104 and twenty-six finger structures 106′ on each side of the peripheral band 102 (for a total of thirty-six flow tabs 104 and one hundred and four finger structures 106). Thus, a ratio of the total quantity of the plurality of finger structures 106 to the total quantity of the plurality of flow tabs 104 may be about 3:1, although example embodiments are not limited thereto. Although not shown, each corner of the peripheral band 102 may be provided with at least one of the plurality of flow tabs 104. Similarly, although not shown, each corner of the peripheral band 102 may be provided with at least one of the plurality of finger structures 106.
The flow tripping device 100 also includes a plurality of dividers 108 in the central space bounded by the peripheral band 102. The plurality of dividers 108 are connected to opposing inner walls of the peripheral band 102. The plurality of dividers 108 includes a first group of parallel dividers intersecting a second group of parallel dividers. The first group of parallel dividers may be orthogonal to the second group of parallel dividers. As illustrated in the drawings, the first group may include three dividers 108, and the second group may also include three dividers 108 (for a total of six dividers 108). Thus, a ratio of a total quantity of the plurality of dividers 108 to a total quantity of the plurality of flow tabs 104 may be about 1:6, although example embodiments are not limited thereto.
The plurality of finger structures 106 extend from a lower portion of the peripheral band 102. In a non-limiting embodiment, each of the plurality of finger structures 106 extends upward and back toward the peripheral band 102. Although the distal ends of the finger structures 106 are illustrated as contacting the peripheral band 102, the present invention is not limited thereto. Each of the plurality of finger structures 106 may have a segment that is parallel to but on a different plane than an outer wall of the peripheral band 102. Furthermore, the plurality of finger structures 106 may be separated from each other by a plurality of slits. It is beneficial for the plurality of slits to be as small as possible to minimize the bypass flow through it when the flow tripping device 100 is put to use in a fuel bundle during the operation of a boiling water reactor (BWR). For instance, the width of each slit may be no more than the thickness of the sheet material used to form the finger structures 106.
Providing the flow tripping device 100 with a plurality of finger structures 106 is advantageous, because it ensures that the flow tripping device 100 will remain in continuous contact with the inner walls of the fuel channel throughout the life of the fuel bundle. For instance, the walls of the fuel channel are subjected to pressure from the internal flow which may cause the fuel channel to bulge/distort over time. Additionally, the fuel channel may experience irradiation growth which will contribute to the bulge/distortion. As a result, having a plurality of individual finger structures 106 configured to apply a spring force to the fuel channel allows the flow tripping device 100 to accommodate to any in-service changes that the fuel channel may undergo during the life of the fuel bundle.
The number of finger structures 106 may vary from that shown in the drawings. Having a greater number of finger structures 106 will increase the ability of the flow tripping device 100 to adjust to any in-service changes/distortions that the fuel channel may undergo. However, a greater number of finger structures 106 will mean a greater number of slits which will consequently increase the bypass flow. Conversely, having a smaller number of finger structures 106 (and, thus, less slits) will decrease the bypass flow but will also decrease the ability of the flow tripping device 100 to adjust to the in-service changes/distortions to the fuel channel. That being said, it may be beneficial for the number of finger structures 106 to be within the range of ±10-15% of that shown in the drawings. For instance, each side of the peripheral band 102 of the flow tripping device 100 may be provided with about twenty-two to thirty finger structures 106.
The flow tripping device 100 also includes a plurality of convex portions 110 on the peripheral band 102. The plurality of convex portions 110 may be elliptical in shape and vertically oriented, although the present invention is not limited thereto. The plurality of convex portions 110 also protrude away from the central space bounded by the peripheral band 102. The extent of the protrusion of the convex portions 110 is less than that of the finger structures 106 based on a side view of the flow tripping device 100. The plurality of convex portions 110 are located in a middle region between the flow tabs 104 at the upper portion of the peripheral band 102 and the finger structures 106 at the lower portion of the peripheral band 102.
The flow tripping device according to non-limiting embodiments of the present invention is intended to be incorporated within a fuel bundle. Such a fuel bundle may include a fuel channel, a plurality of fuel rods within the fuel channel, at least one water rod arranged in parallel with the plurality of fuel rods, and a flow tripping device secured to the at least one water rod. An upper tie plate and a lower tie plate may be disposed at opposing ends of the fuel bundle. A plurality of spacers may be placed at predetermined intervals in the fuel bundle to space the fuel rods in an array. A flow tripping device may be arranged between adjacent spacers in the upper region of the fuel bundle. Unlike the spacers, the flow tripping device is designed to not interface with the fuel rods. Stated more clearly, the flow tripping device is configured so as to not contact the fuel rods when installed. The flow tripping device may include a peripheral band surrounding the plurality of fuel rods, a plurality of flow tabs extending from an upper portion of the peripheral band toward the plurality of fuel rods, and a plurality of finger structures extending from a lower portion of the peripheral band and configured to apply a spring force to inner walls of the fuel channel.
During the operation of a boiling water reactor (BWR), a water film flows upward on the inner walls of the fuel channel 112. When the water film reaches the flow tripping device 100, a small portion of the water film will pass through the slits between the finger structures 106 as a bypass flow (broken arrows), while a majority of the water film will be diverted into the flow tripping device 100 and redirected by the flow tabs 104 toward the periphery fuel rods (not shown). As a result, the critical power ratio (CPR) performance of the periphery rods may be increased, thereby also increasing overall performance. Consequently, the increased power translates to lower fuel cycle costs.
In view of the above, it should be understood that a method of increasing critical power ratio (CPR) performance may involve installing a flow tripping device according to the present invention in a fuel, channel of a boiling water reactor (BWR). One or more of the flow tripping devices may be installed in the upper region of the fuel bundle. For instance, a flow tripping device may be installed between the first (uppermost) spacer and second spacer. Another flow tripping device may be installed between the second spacer and third spacer. Furthermore, yet another flow tripping device may be installed between the third spacer and fourth spacer.
Referring to
While a number of example embodiments have been disclosed herein, it should be understood that other variations may be possible. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.
