Fluid ejection devices, such as printheads in inkjet printers, provide drop-on-demand ejection of fluid drops. Inkjet printers produce images by ejecting ink drops through a plurality of nozzles onto a print medium, such as a sheet of paper. The nozzles are typically arranged in one or more arrays, such that properly sequenced ejection of ink drops from the nozzles causes characters or other images to be printed on the print medium as the printhead and the print medium move relative to each other. In a specific example, a thermal inkjet printhead ejects drops from a nozzle by passing electrical current through a heating element to generate heat and vaporize a small portion of the fluid within an ink ejection chamber. In another example, a piezoelectric inkjet printhead uses a piezoelectric material actuator to generate pressure pulses in an ink ejection chamber that force ink drops out of a nozzle.
Prior to the ejection of ink drops from a nozzle, ink may travel from an ink reservoir to the ink ejection chamber through an ink feed slot that connects the chamber to the ink reservoir. Often, the ink feed slot is formed in a silicon substrate that is bonded to a body of the ink reservoir.
The present embodiments will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Overview
As noted above, inkjet printheads often have at least one ink feed slot formed in a silicon substrate that provides fluid communication between an ink ejection chamber and an ink reservoir. The substrate is disposed between the ink ejection chamber and the ink reservoir body, or substrate carrier, and is adhered to the substrate carrier such that ink feed slots in the substrate correspond with fluid pathways in the carrier. Because the width of the ink feed slots can be on the micron scale, small obstructions may adversely affect the ink flow from the ink reservoir to the ink chamber. Such obstructions can also trap air or other gases within the ink chamber, resulting in an inadequate ink supply to the printhead nozzles. Air in the ink chamber can be generated during the ink ejection process in a number of ways. For example, the heating of ink can lead to the formation of air bubbles because heated fluid has a lower solubility for dissolved air. In addition, bubbles can form in an ink chamber either from ejecting an ink drop or from ingesting an air bubble during refill of the chamber.
A printhead can be designed with a passive air management system that buoyantly conveys the air bubbles away from the ink ejection chamber, through the ink feed slot, and into a safe air storage location within the body of the ink reservoir (i.e., substrate carrier). In general, such a system comprises increasingly wider fluid pathways that extend from the ink ejection chamber to the safe air storage location. Thus, the geometric shapes and relative cross-sectional widths of the ink feed slots and fluid passageways help to manage air bubbles in the printhead. However, small obstructions in the ink feed slot and/or fluid pathways of the substrate carrier can trap the air bubbles, impeding their natural buoyant conveyance. One common obstruction often found in an ink feed slot is the adhesive employed to bond the substrate to the carrier. An ongoing challenge with the fabrication of printheads is an adhesive “squish” or “bulge” into the ink feed channel that can occur when the printhead die/substrate is attached to the substrate carrier. If the adhesive bulges far enough into the width of the ink feed slot, it can obstruct the ink flow and inhibit the passive air management of the printhead, eventually leading to nozzle starvation and print defects.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a fluid ejection device and fabrication methods that enable a controlled adhesive bond between a substrate and a substrate carrier (i.e., the ink reservoir body). The controlled adhesive bond comprises a concavely tapering adhesive profile that narrows in the middle as the adhesive bond extends away from bonding locations on both the substrate and carrier surfaces. Adhesive contact footprints formed at the adhesive bonding locations on the substrate and carrier surfaces have widths that do not exceed, respectively, the widths of the substrate and carrier bonding surfaces themselves. Thus, the width of the adhesive bond at any point of the bond, does not exceed the width of either the substrate bonding surface or the carrier bonding surface. The adhesive bond profile, controlled in this manner, eliminates any bulging out at the middle area of the adhesive bond into the ink feed slots. In addition, the controlled adhesive bond profile eliminates any protrusion of the adhesive bond into the ink feed slots from the adhesive contact footprints at both the substrate bonding surface and the carrier bonding surface. Accordingly, the controlled adhesive bond profile eliminates adhesive bond obstructions in the ink feed slots and facilitates the passive air management within the printhead.
Methods of achieving the controlled adhesive bond profile comprise making the adhesive-to-substrate contact angles, and adhesive-to-carrier contact angles, hydrophilic. That is, the contact angles of the adhesive to both the substrate and carrier surfaces are made to be less than 90 degrees. The desired hydrophilic contact angles can be achieved by controlling the adhesive formulation, the substrate surface, and the carrier surface.
In one embodiment, a fluid ejection assembly includes a substrate with substrate ribs that define an ink feed slot extending from a top side to a bottom side of the substrate. The assembly further includes a substrate carrier having carrier ribs that define a fluid passageway to provide ink to the ink feed slot. The assembly also includes a concavely tapered adhesive bond to adhere a substrate rib surface to a carrier rib surface without protruding into the ink feed slot or the fluid passageway.
In another embodiment, a fluid ejection assembly includes a printhead bonded to a fluid distribution manifold. The bond forms a fluid pathway extending from a fluid chamber on the printhead through the manifold. The assembly also includes a concavely tapered adhesive bond between the printhead and the manifold that does not protrude into the fluid pathway.
In another embodiment, a method of fabricating a controlled adhesive bond in a fluid ejection assembly includes fabricating a printhead substrate comprising substrate ribs defining ink feed slots. The method further includes fabricating a substrate carrier comprising carrier ribs defining fluid passageways. The method also includes depositing an adhesive on bonding surfaces of the carrier ribs, and bringing the substrate ribs into proximity with respective carrier ribs such that the deposited adhesive contacts bonding surfaces of the substrate ribs. The method includes forming hydrophilic contact angles of less than 90 degrees where the adhesive contacts the bonding surfaces. The hydrophilic contact angles are formed such that the adhesive forms a concavely tapered adhesive bond profile that does not protrude into the ink feed slots or fluid passageways.
Illustrative Embodiments
Ink supply assembly 104 supplies fluid ink to printhead assembly 102 and includes a reservoir 120 for storing ink. Ink flows from reservoir 120 to inkjet printhead assembly 102. Ink supply assembly 104 and inkjet printhead assembly 102 can form either a one-way ink delivery system or a recirculating ink delivery system. In a one-way ink delivery system, substantially all of the ink supplied to inkjet printhead assembly 102 is consumed during printing. In a recirculating ink delivery system, however, only a portion of the ink supplied to printhead assembly 102 is consumed during printing. Ink not consumed during printing is returned to ink supply assembly 104.
In one example implementation, inkjet printhead assembly 102 and ink supply assembly 104 are housed together in an inkjet cartridge or pen.
Referring again to
Electronic controller 110 typically includes a processor, firmware, and other printer electronics for communicating with and controlling inkjet printhead assembly 102, mounting assembly 106, and media transport assembly 108. Electronic controller 110 receives data 124 from a host system, such as a computer, and includes memory for temporarily storing data 124. Typically, data 124 is sent to inkjet printing system 100 along an electronic, infrared, optical, or other information transfer path. Data 124 represents, for example, a document and/or file to be printed. As such, data 124 forms a print job for inkjet printing system 100 and includes one or more print job commands and/or command parameters.
In one example implementation, electronic controller 110 controls inkjet printhead assembly 102 for ejection of ink drops from nozzles 116. Thus, controller 110 defines a pattern of ejected ink drops that form characters, symbols, and/or other graphics or images on print medium 118. The pattern of ejected ink drops is determined by the print job commands and/or command parameters from data 124.
In one implementation, inkjet printhead assembly 102 includes one fluid ejection device/printhead 114. In another implementation, inkjet printhead assembly 102 is a wide-array or multi-head printhead assembly. In one example of a wide-array printhead assembly, the inkjet printhead assembly 102 includes a conveyance such as a print bar that carries multiple printheads 114, provides electrical communication between the printheads 114 and electronic controller 110, and provides fluidic communication between the printheads 114 and the ink supply assembly 104.
In one example implementation, inkjet printing system 100 is a drop-on-demand thermal bubble inkjet printing system where the fluid ejection device 114 is a thermal inkjet (TIJ) fluid ejection device/printhead 114. The TIJ printhead 114 implements a thermal resistor heating element as an ejection element in an ink chamber to vaporize ink and create bubbles that force ink or other fluid drops out of a nozzle 116. In another example implementation, inkjet printing system 100 is a drop-on-demand piezo inkjet printing system where the fluid ejection device 114 is a piezoelectric inkjet printhead that employs a piezoelectric material actuator to generate pressure pulses to force ink drops out of nozzles 116.
Printhead substrate 302 is bonded at the surface of its bottom side to the underlying substrate carrier 300 (i.e., fluid distribution manifold) by an adhesive bond 316. More specifically, in one implementation each substrate rib 305 is bonded to a corresponding carrier rib 318 of substrate carrier 300. The ink feed slots 304 are in fluid communication at the bottom side of the substrate 302 with the fluid passageways 320 formed by carrier ribs 318 of substrate carrier 300. Thus, the ink feed slots 304 provide fluid communication between the fluid/ink chambers 306 on the top side of substrate 302 and the fluid passageways 320 at the bottom side of substrate 302. The variously slanted fluid passageways 320 in the substrate carrier 300, in turn, provide fluid communication with a fluid/ink reservoir such as reservoir 120 (
The adhesive bond 316 facilitates the buoyant conveyance of air bubbles away from the fluid/ink chambers 306 by its recessed profile. The adhesive bond 316 is controlled such that its profile does not protrude into the ink feed slots 304 and fluid passageways 320, and therefore does not hinder the conveyance of air bubbles away from chambers 306. By contrast, prior adhesive bonds are generally not controlled and hinder the conveyance of air bubbles away from chambers 306 because they protrude and/or bulge out to some extent into the ink feed slots 304 and fluid passageways 320.
Method 600 begins at block 602 with fabricating a printhead substrate comprising substrate ribs defining ink feed slots. The printhead substrate is typically fabricated from a silicon or glass wafer through standard micro-fabrication processes that are well-known to those skilled in the art such as electroforming, laser ablation, anisotropic etching, sputtering, dry etching, photolithography, casting, molding, stamping, and machining. The printhead substrate may also be further developed to include a fluidics and nozzle layer on a top side of the substrate. The method 600 continues at block 604 with fabricating a substrate carrier comprising carrier ribs defining fluid passageways. The substrate carrier is a fluid distribution manifold such as a plastic fluidic interposer, or chiclet. At block 606 of method 600, an adhesive is deposited on bonding surfaces of the carrier ribs. Alternatively, or in addition, the adhesive can be deposited onto bonding surfaces of the substrate ribs. In one implementation, the deposition of the adhesive occurs by jetting the adhesive. Jetting the adhesive, rather than using another method such as needle deposition, provides advantages such as the ability to precisely control both the volume of the adhesive and the precise location of the adhesive on the bonding surfaces.
The method 600 continues at block 608, with bringing the substrate ribs into proximity with respective carrier ribs such that the deposited adhesive contacts both the substrate rib bonding surfaces and respective carrier rib bonding surfaces. Thus, a single volume of adhesive is disposed between each of the substrate rib and carrier rib surfaces. At block 610, the method 600 includes forming hydrophilic contact angles of less than 90 degrees in the adhesive where it contacts the bonding surfaces of the substrate ribs and carrier ribs, such that the adhesive bond forms a concavely tapered profile between each substrate rib and carrier rib. As is known to those skilled in the art of theoretical wetting and contact angle science, following Young's equation, hydrophilic contact angles are achieved by engineering the interfacial energies of the carrier and substrate surfaces to air interfacial energy, the carrier and substrate surfaces to adhesive liquid interfacial energy, and the adhesive liquid to air interfacial energy. The bonding surface roughness will also inform the contact angle as per Wenzel's equation. Thus, the hydrophilic contact angles are achieved in various ways including, by controlling the adhesive formulation, and controlling the bonding surfaces of the substrate and carrier. For example, for epoxy adhesives, the liquid adhesive surface energy is controlled by the selection and proportions of the resin and activator chemical compounds in the adhesive. Additionally, the surface energy can modified with additives to the adhesive. The carrier surface energy is controlled by the selection of molded plastic and the roughness of the carrier surface. Additionally, the carrier surface may be coated to change the surface energy. The substrate surface energy is also controlled by the roughness of the bonding surface of the substrate ribs. The bonding surfaces of the substrate can be the silicon substrate itself, or they can have a thinfilm coating such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride or tantalum.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/US2012/056115 | 9/19/2012 | WO | 00 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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WO2014/046652 | 3/27/2014 | WO | A |
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