Patent Grant
11925949
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the reproduction of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
The present invention relates to a fluid metering component and more particularly to spraying apparatuses having a fluid metering component that is linkable with an electronic device.
Sprayers and other pesticide applicators are known. Typically, a sprayer includes a reservoir for containing a liquid or pesticide, a manual pump for pressurizing the reservoir, and a hand-held spray wand and trigger for permitting the manual discharge of the liquids therefrom. Continuous improvements to fluid metering components and spray apparatuses and pesticide applicators are sought. It is to the provision of a portable spraying apparatus meeting these and other needs that the present invention is primarily directed.
In example embodiments, the present invention provides a portable spraying apparatus for the manual dispensing of a liquid or pesticide therefrom. In example embodiments, the portable spraying apparatus includes an intelligent metering device so as to monitor the quantity of liquid or pesticide being discharged from the portable spraying apparatus. In some example embodiments, the present invention relates to systems and methods for dispensing a liquid while generating data associated with the liquid being dispensed. In example embodiments, data generated and collected may include the quantity of liquid being discharged, the rate of flow of the liquid being discharged, the GPS location associated with the location where the liquid is discharged, the type or composition of the liquid being discharged, one or more photographic images of the location before and/or while the liquid is being discharged, etc. According to some example embodiments, the intelligent metering device communicates with an electronic device, for example, a smart phone or tablet, such that data regarding the liquid being discharged is collected and processed by the electronic device. In some example embodiments, the intelligent metering device and/or the electronic device is configured for providing feedback to a user operating the portable spraying apparatus. According to one example embodiment, feedback can be proved to a used base on the user's location so as to prevent the user from spraying the liquid in an undesirable location or area.
In a particular embodiment, an exemplary fluid metering device includes a housing, an isolated fluid conduit, a metering assembly, and an electronics assembly. The housing may include an inlet and an outlet. The isolated fluid conduit may be positioned within the housing between the inlet and the outlet. The metering assembly may be positioned within the isolated fluid conduit. The electronics assembly may be positioned within the housing. The electronics assembly may include a GPS sensor configured to monitor GPS coordinates of the GPS sensor. The electronics assembly may further include a controller functionally linked to the metering assembly and may be configured to generate flow rate data associated with a fluid passing through the isolated fluid conduit. The controller may further be configured to record and associate the flow rate data with the monitored GPS coordinates to define a plurality of sprayer locations.
In an exemplary aspect according to the above-referenced embodiment, the controller may be configured determine and associate a dispensed fluid volume with each of the plurality of sprayer locations based at least in part on a time stamp associated with the flow rate data.
In another exemplary aspect according to the above-referenced embodiment, the fluid metering device may further comprise an actuator coupled to the housing and configured to selectively communicate the inlet with the outlet using the isolated fluid conduit.
In another exemplary aspect according to the above-referenced embodiment, the electronics assembly may further include one or more of a pressure sensor, a compass sensor, a gyroscope, an accelerometer, or a magnetometer. In accordance with this embodiment, the controller may be configured to estimate sprayed GPS coordinates based at least in part on the monitored GPS coordinates and data from one or more of the pressure sensor, the compass sensor, the gyroscope, the accelerometer, or the magnetometer.
In another exemplary aspect according to the above-referenced embodiment, the controller may be configured to associate and record the sprayed GPS coordinates with the flow rate data to define a plurality of sprayed locations.
In another exemplary aspect according to the above-referenced embodiment, the controller may be configured determine and associate a dispensed fluid volume with each of the plurality of sprayed locations.
In another exemplary aspect according to the above-referenced embodiment, the electronics assembly may further include a communications module configured to transmit data comprising at least one of the plurality of sprayer locations or the plurality of sprayed locations from the controller to an external device.
In another exemplary aspect according to the above-referenced embodiment, the fluid metering device may further comprise a sprayer nozzle coupled to the outlet of the housing. In accordance with this embodiment, a spray pattern may be based at least in part on the sprayer nozzle. Further in accordance with this embodiment, the estimated sprayed GPS coordinates are further based at least in part on the spray pattern.
In another exemplary aspect according to the above-referenced embodiment, the controller may be configured to determine and associate a sprayed area with each of the plurality of sprayed locations. In accordance with this embodiment, the sprayed area may be based at least in part on one or more of the spray pattern or the data from the pressure sensor.
In another exemplary aspect according to the above-referenced embodiment, the metering assembly may include a turbine with one or more pitched veins positioned perpendicular to a flow direction of the fluid passing through the isolated fluid conduit. In accordance with this embodiment, the flow direction may be defined at least in part between the inlet and the outlet.
In another embodiment, a method of monitoring sprayer data includes (a) recording flow rate data of a fluid passing through a fluid metering device using an electronics assembly of the fluid metering device, (b) monitoring GPS coordinates of the fluid metering device using the electronics assembly, and (c) associating the monitored GPS coordinates of the fluid metering device with the recorded flow rate data to define a plurality of sprayer locations.
In an exemplary aspect according to the above-referenced embodiment, the method may further include determining and associating a dispensed fluid volume with each of the plurality of sprayer locations based at least in part on a time stamp associated with the flow rate data.
In another exemplary aspect according to the above-referenced embodiment, the fluid metering device comprises a sprayer.
In another exemplary aspect according to the above-referenced embodiment, the method may further include monitoring one or more of a pressure of the fluid passing through the fluid metering device and as applied at an outlet of the sprayer, a direction of the outlet of the sprayer, or an angular orientation of the outlet of the sprayer.
In another exemplary aspect according to the above-referenced embodiment, the method may further include estimating sprayed GPS coordinates based at least in part on one or more of the monitored GPS coordinates, the monitored pressure, the monitored direction, or the monitored angular orientation of the fluid metering device.
In another exemplary aspect according to the above-referenced embodiment, the method may further include associating the estimated sprayed GPS coordinates with the recorded flow rate data to define a plurality of sprayed locations.
In another exemplary aspect according to the above-referenced embodiment, the method may further include determining and associating a dispensed fluid volume with each of the plurality of sprayed locations.
In another exemplary aspect according to the above-referenced embodiment, the method may further include determining and associating a spray area with each of the plurality of sprayed locations, wherein the spray area is based at least in part on a spray pattern associated with a sprayer nozzle coupled to the outlet of the sprayer.
In another exemplary aspect according to the above-referenced embodiment, the method may further include transmitting data comprising at least one of the plurality of sprayer locations or the plurality of sprayed locations from the fluid metering device to an external device.
In another exemplary aspect according to the above-referenced embodiment, the method may further include detecting movement of a turbine positioned within an isolated fluid conduit of the fluid metering device using a Hall Effect sensor of the electronics assembly to determine the flow rate data.
These and other aspects, features and advantages of the invention will be understood with reference to the drawing figures and detailed description herein, and will be realized by means of the various elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following brief description of the drawings and detailed description of the invention are exemplary and explanatory of preferred embodiments of the invention, and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
The present invention may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of the invention taken in connection with the accompanying drawing figures, which form a part of this disclosure. It is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the specific devices, methods, conditions or parameters described and/or shown herein, and that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments by way of example only and is not intended to be limiting of the claimed invention. Any and all patents and other publications identified in this specification are incorporated by reference as though fully set forth herein.
Also, as used in the specification including the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include the plural, and reference to a particular numerical value includes at least that particular value, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about” or “approximately” one particular value and/or to “about” or “approximately” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment.
With reference now to the drawing figures, wherein like reference numbers represent corresponding parts throughout the several views,
As will be described in greater detail below, the intelligent metering device 10 comprises a chassis or housing 20 and a lid 60, and a fluid conduit 40 is isolated within a portion of the housing 20 for permitting a fluid to pass therethrough to be quantified or measured. For example, according to example embodiments, the first barbed fitting 96 is fluidly connected to a first end 42 of the conduit 40 and the second barbed fitting 96 is fluidly connected to a second end 44 of the conduit 40. Thus, according to example embodiments of the present invention, any liquid passing through a hose or conduit can be quantified by incorporating the intelligent metering device 10 therebetween, for example, by connecting a first conduit to the first barbed fitting 96 and a second conduit to the second barbed fitting 96.
According to example embodiments, the intelligent metering device 10 comprises a metering assembly 80, an electronics assembly 120 and a power assembly 160 (see
As depicted in
As depicted in
The housing 20 is configured for sealing engagement with the lid 60, and the electronics assembly 120 is mounted within an internal cavity 28 of the housing 20 between a bottom or interior side of the lid 60 and a floor or bottom 29 of the internal cavity 28 of the housing 20. The power assembly 160 is fitted within a portion of the housing 20 and electrically connected to the electronics assembly 120, for example, to provide power thereto. In example embodiments, a closure or cap 170 is fitted with a portion of the housing so as to contain the power assembly 160 within the housing 20. Preferably, the cap 170 is sealingly engaged with the housing 20 so as to prevent any contaminants or other undesirable contamination thereof.
Referring back to the metering assembly 80, a turbine 82 is provided for rotationally mounting within the conduit 40, for example, such that a liquid flowing therethrough causes rotation of the turbine 82, which can be further translated into an accurate calculation of the quantity of the liquid passing therethrough. As depicted in
According to one example embodiment, the magnetic components 92 are configured to be received within the receivers 93 of the turbine 82 such that their south poles are facing outwards, for example, to be in closest proximity with the sensor 130 when the magnetic component 92 is nearest to the sensor 130. According to example embodiments, the south poles of the magnets facing outwards is configured to operate with a unipolar Hall Effect sensor. According to other example embodiments, the poles of one of the magnets can be reversed such that the turbine 82 could be operational with a bipolar Hall Effect sensor. In other example embodiments, the magnetic components 92 can preferably oriented and configured as desired. According to some example embodiments, the turbine 82 comprises a plurality of receivers 93 for receiving a plurality of magnets, for example, 3 or more magnets that are evenly positioned around the circumference of the turbine 82.
According to one example embodiment, the sensor 130 is a Hall Effect sensor, for example, a sensor that is capable of measuring the magnetic flux or magnitude of the magnetic field. As similarly described above, as the turbine 82 rotates, the sensor 130 monitors/measures the magnet flux in its proximity. And due to the magnetic components 92 being provided with the turbine 82, the magnitude of the magnetic field (and voltage of the sensor 130) peaks each time one of the magnetic components 92 passes by the suspended sensor 130. And, for every two magnetic field peaks, the turbine 82 has completed one rotation. As such, a microprocessor 126 of the electronics assembly 120 collects the data obtained from the sensor 130 and assigns an accurate time stamp with each corresponding change in magnetic flux (e.g., a count). Accordingly, a data set is generated to include a plurality of time stamps that are related to each change (or count) in magnetic flux sensed by the sensor 130. In example embodiments, the data set of time stamps is generated by the microprocessor 126 and then sent to the electronic device D as a complete package for further processing, calculations, etc. to ultimately determine the flow rate and quantity of liquid that passed through the turbine 82.
According to another example embodiment, a time stamp is generated by the microprocessor 126 for each change in magnetic flux, which is sent to the electronic device in real time, for example, rather than generating a complete package of time stamps prior to sending the data to the electronic device D. Thus, according to some example embodiments, the flow rate and/or quantity of fluid that is passing through the conduit 40 can be obtained in real time during operation of the intelligent metering device 10. For example, according to example embodiments, the electronic device D can comprise one or more indicators (e.g., on a visual screen thereof) such as current flow rate, quantity of liquid used, quantity of liquid remaining, etc.
According to alternate example embodiments, the metering assembly 80 can be configured as desired, for example, such that other components or principles can be used to determine the flow rate of the fluid (and thus the quantity of fluid). In example embodiments, alternative principles or components that can be used include orifices, venturies, nozzles, rotameters, pitot tubes, calorimetrics, turbine, vortex, electromagnetic, doppler, ultrasonic, thermal and/or coriolis or any combination thereof. According to some example embodiments, the components and principles can be based on differential pressure, velocity, positive displacement and/or mass of the liquid. According to another example embodiment, the metering assembly operates based on the principle of positive displacement, for example a positive displacement flow meter. In other example embodiments, other principles and/or methods can be used to determine the rate of flow of the liquid passing therethrough. Preferably, in the case that other components and/or principles are used to determine the flow rate, the electronics assembly comprises one or more components that are compatible and have the ability to function with the one or more components or principles of the metering assembly.
Once the turbine 82 is rotatably mounted within the conduit 40, a compression spring 94 is positioned on either side of the turbine 82 (e.g., the housing portions 88 thereof), and threaded ends 100 of the barbed fittings 96 are engaged with the first and second open ends 42, 44 of the conduit 40. In example embodiments, the barbed fitting 96 comprises the threaded end 100, a barbed end 102, and a central opening extending therethrough. Accordingly, in example embodiments, a conduit or hose portion that is carrying a fluid therein can be connected (e.g., sealingly engaged) to the barbed ends 102 of the barbed fittings 96 such that the fluid being carried within the hose is required to pass through the conduit 40, and thus pass through the turbine 82. According to example embodiments, one or more clamps or hose ties or other fasteners can be provided for further securing the hose portions to the barbed ends 102 of the barbed fittings 96.
According to one example embodiment, the conduit 40 and metering assembly 80 are generally sized for low volume applications, for example, wherein a spraying apparatus to be worn by a user comprises a reservoir of about 5 gallons. Thus according to some example embodiments, the common flow rates of the liquid passing through the conduit 40 and metering component 80 are typically between about 0 gal/min to about 5 gal/min. According to another example embodiment, the conduit 40 and metering component can be configured for medium or high volume applications, for example, wherein the liquid or fluid passing through the conduit and metering component 80 comprises a flow rate of between about 0 gal/min to about 48 gal/min, Thus, according to example embodiments of the present invention, the intelligent metering device 10 (and conduit 40 and metering assembly 80) can preferably be sized and equipped so as to accurately measure the liquid or fluid passing therethrough, for example, whether the fluid is still or static (0 gal/min), whether the fluid is passing therethrough at generally slow rates (0.001 gal/min-5 gal/min), or whether the fluid is passing therethrough at generally faster rates (10 gal/min-48 gal/min).
According to some example embodiments, the relationship between the RPM of the turbine 82 and the flow rate are substantially linear, and thus, calculating the flow rate (and ultimately the quantity of liquid dispensed) is a relatively simple calculation. For example, according to some example embodiments, a coefficient can be determined based on a specific RMP and flow rate, and thus, since there is a linear relationship other flow rates can be calculated given the coefficient and the RPM of the turbine. According to other example embodiments, the relationship of the RPM of the turbine 82 and the corresponding flow rate are more non-linear than linear, and thus, new coefficients must be determined based on a particular flow, for example, to determine the accurate flow rate (and quantity of liquid dispensed). Thus, according to example embodiments of the present invention, the metering component 80 can be calibrated based on various flow rates (e.g., and RPMs of the turbine 82) such that an accurate calculation can be made regardless of the flow rate of the fluid passing through the metering assembly 80.
The electronics assembly 120 is preferably contained within the housing 20 (e.g., within the internal cavity 28) and comprises a PCB board 122, the microprocessor 126, the Hall Effect sensor 130, a temperature sensor or thermistor 132 and a Bluetooth chip 134. In example embodiments, one or more fasteners 124 are provided for securing the PCB board 122 to a mounting platform 34 that is formed within a portion of the internal cavity 28 of the housing 20 (see
In example embodiments, the PCB board 122 is positioned within the internal cavity 28 of the housing 20, for example, at least partially spaced a distance from an interior side of the lid 60 and at least partially spaced a distance from the floor 29 of the internal cavity 28. The microprocessor 126, Hall Effect sensor 130 and thermistor 132 are electrically connected with the PCB board 122, In example embodiments, the Hall Effect sensor 130 is connected with the PCB board 122 and at least partially suspended therefrom so as to be generally positioned directly above the position of the turbine 82 (e.g., so as to sense a change in magnetic flux from the turbine's rotation and magnets 92 thereof passing by).
As depicted in
In example embodiments, the thermistor 132 comprises a sensing portion, a connector and at least some kind of conductive wiring connected therebetween. In example embodiments and as depicted in
According to one example embodiment, the wall thickness that is defined between the interior wall section 46 and the fluid conduit 40 is between about 0.05-0.55 inches, for example about 0.205 inches according to one example embodiment. According to another example embodiment, the wall thickness defined between the interior wall section 46 and the fluid conduit 40 is 0.205 inches. Accordingly, as aluminum is substantially thermally conductive, a barrier of about 0.205 inches (defined between the thermistor 132 and the liquid or fluid flowing through the conduit 40) minimally, if any whatsoever, interferes with obtaining an accurate or exact temperature measurement of the fluid. According to example embodiments, the thermistor 132 comprises a NTC self-adhering temperature sensor. According to another example embodiment of the present invention, a threaded temperature probe can be provided and generally secured by a threaded connection with the interior wall section 46 (e.g., wherein a portion thereof is in fluid communication with the conduit 40). In alternative example embodiments, other hardware, devices, etc. can be provided to obtain the temperature of the fluid passing through the conduit 40 in real time.
Referring back to
The power assembly 160 comprises a battery contact element 162, a battery sleeve 164, a battery 166 and the battery cap or closure 170. In example embodiments, the housing 20 comprises a power reservoir 30 and a partial wall portion 32 that defines a portion of the reservoir 30. The battery contact element 162 is fitted within the reservoir 30 near the second end 18 of the device 10 so as to provide electrical contact with the battery 166 and the PCB board 122. The battery sleeve 164 is fitted within the reservoir 30 and is preferably sized to provide for fitting engagement within the reservoir 30 (and the battery 166 providing fitting engagement within the sleeve 164). In example embodiments, the sleeve 164 comprises a latch portion that is configured for engagement with an end of the portion wall portion 32 of the cavity 30, for example, such that the sleeve 164 remains engaged within the cavity 30. The battery can then freely slide in and out of the sleeve 164 that is contained within the cavity 30, and the cap or closure 170 can be connected to an opening 31 of the cavity, for example, which permits access to the cavity 30 and thus the battery 166 therein. The closure 170 comprises a threaded end 172 for attachment to the opening 31 and an engagement or grasping end 174 for grasping or manual manipulation. In some example embodiments, a slot or receiver 176 can be provided for permitting a tool to assist in the attachment detachment of the closure 170 with the housing 20.
In example embodiments, the battery 166 comprises a 18650 lithium-ion rechargeable battery comprising a capacity of about 3500 mAh, a diameter of about 18 mm and a length of about 65 mm. According to example embodiments of the present invention, the battery 166 comprises a capacity sufficient enough such that the intelligent metering device 10 can fully function for between about 5-25 days. For example, according to one example embodiment, the battery 166 comprises a capacity of about 3300 mAh and can power the device 10 for about 7-10 working days. According to one example embodiment, the battery 166 comprises a capacity sufficient to power the device 10 for 7 working days. In other example embodiments, one or more batteries of a desired construction, capacity, and size can be provided as desired.
According to example embodiments, the battery 166 is preferably rechargeable, and thus, is to be replaced or swapped out for a fully-charged battery as needed. According to some example embodiments, one or more ports can be provided the device 10 or power assembly 160 so as to permit recharging of the battery 166 while it remains within the device 10. For example, according to one example embodiment, the battery 166 need not be removed from the device 10, but rather a charging cable can be connected to the device 10 such that the battery 166 is recharged while remaining within the device 10. According to other example embodiments, an external power supply can be provided for connecting with the device 10 should the battery 166 contained within the device 10 be completely dead or low on power. According to another example embodiment, the battery 166 is intended to remain within the device 10, and thus, recharging thereof requires connecting the device 10 with a charger. In other example embodiments, the battery 166 can be configured for wireless charging, for example, induction charging. According to another example embodiment, the battery 166 is not rechargeable and is replaced as needed. According to another example embodiment, one or more alternative energy sources can be provided for powering the device 10. In some example embodiments, the device 10 comprises an internal energy generating element, for example, such that movement and motion of the device 10 recharges the battery 166. Optionally, one or more solar panels or wind turbines can be implemented (even if miniaturized) so as to provide alternatives to recharging the battery 166.
With reference to
In example embodiments, an upper portion of the housing 20 comprises a recessed edge 25 and one or more fastener receivers 26 for providing sealing engagement with the lid 60 and lip 66 thereof, in example embodiments, one or more of the fasteners 72 pass through openings of the lid 60 and engage with the one or more receivers 26 of the housing 20, for example, to secure the lid 60 to the housing. As depicted in
According to one example embodiment of the present invention, the intelligent metering device 10 can be used with a portable spraying apparatus 200. For example, as depicted in
For example, according to example embodiments of the present invention, a first hose section 210 is fluidly connected from the reservoir 202 to the barbed end 102 of the first end 16, and a second hose section 210 is fluidly connected from the barbed end 102 of the second end 18 to the barbed fitting of the spray gun 220. So for example, according to example embodiments, fluid entering the barbed end 102 (connected to the first end opening 42 of the conduit 40) moves through the conduit 40 and metering assembly 80, and exits from the device 10 at the barbed end 102 that is connected to the second end opening 44 of the conduit 40. The fluid then travels through the second hose section 210 and to the spray gun 220. For example, as depicted in
According to example embodiments of the present invention, the intelligent metering device 10 is connected and communicates with the electronic device D such that data captured by the intelligent metering device 10 (e.g., sensors 130, 132, microprocessor 126 of the electronics assembly 120, etc.) is sent in real time to the electronic device D (see
In example embodiments, the data, once received by the electronic device D can be processed and stored as desired. According to one example embodiment, by connection of the intelligent metering device 10 and the electronic device D via Bluetooth, data captured by the Hall Effect sensor 130 and thermistor 132 (and microprocessor 126) of the electronics assembly 120 is sent therefrom and accepted or received by the electronic device D. Thereafter, a software application of the electronic device D receives and processes the data as desired. According to one example embodiment, a private server or network is connected and communicates with the software or application of the electronic device D. For example, as depicted in
In example embodiments as depicted in
According to another example embodiment, the intelligent metering device 10 is configured for connecting with the electronic device D and/or a wearable device or smart watch SW, for example, which can be equipped with hardware and software so as to provide GPS and/or cellular capabilities (see
According to another example embodiment, the electronic device D can likewise send data to the intelligent metering device 10 (and electronics assembly 120 thereof), for example, whether it be a software update for one or more components of the intelligent metering device 10, or for example, to provide remote operation of the intelligent metering device 10.
According to another example embodiment, in the case that the user U is relying on the wearable SW to capture data from the intelligent metering device 10, once the wearable SW and electronic device D are in close proximity to each other, the data collected on the wearable SW is transferred to the electronic device D, for example, such that the wearable SW is simply a temporary collection and storage device. In example embodiments, once the data from the wearable SW is transferred to the electronic device D, the data is erased from the wearable SW. According to some example embodiments, a user U utilizes the wearable SW to collect data from the intelligent metering device 10 at one or more separate locations. Thus, after completing one of the locations, the user U, while traveling to the next location temporarily pairs the wearable SW with the electronic device D so as to transfer the data from the previous location to the electronic device D. Once arrived at the next location, the user U reconnects (e.g., pairs) the watch with the intelligent metering device 10 to begin spraying at the next location and with the wearable SW collecting data from the intelligent metering device 10.
According to example embodiments, the electronic device D and/or wearable SW is configured to associate the GPS location of where the data is being collected (e.g., where the user U is spraying). Thus, according to example embodiments, in addition to obtaining data related to the fluid flow and temperature thereof, a location stamp can be provided such that the GPS location of where the user U dispensed the fluids is known. According to example embodiments, one or more interactive maps or other graphical illustrations can be provided so as to determine the location where the user dispensed the fluids and the quantity of fluids dispensed at that particular location. For example, according to one example embodiment, a map of a power line pathway is covered with dots indicating marks where user U sprayed, for example, thereby tracking the exact location (e.g., GPS coordinates) of where the liquid was sprayed. According to example embodiments, not only is the location tracked, but also the quantity of liquid being sprayed at each dot, or for example, an average of the liquid being sprayed throughout a specified area. Optionally, other systems and methods can be provided for tracking and mapping the spray behavior of a user.
According to some example embodiments, the software of the electronic device D (or other software of a personal computer or other electronic device) monitors the user's U data in real time and provides for automated scheduling, alerting and reporting, for example, so that the user U is automatically directed to a new location once the previous location has been completed, and for example so that customers can be automatically alerted as to when the user U is estimated to arrive at their location. According to some example embodiments, once the user U has completed a job at a location and the data is processed by the electronic device D (or uploaded to the database 300), a job completion report is automatically generated and sent to the customer that is associated with the particular location of the completed job. In example embodiments, the job completion report may include information relating to what fluids were applied (e.g., herbicide, brand, etc.), the location where the fluids were applied, the quantity of fluids applied, the date and time that the fluids were applied, or other desired information.
According to some example embodiments, the software or application of the electronic device D can dispense data therefrom as desired. In some example embodiments, an administrator has the ability to access the data in real time remotely, for example, by accessing the database 300 according to one example embodiment. Preferably, the software of the electronic device D open and/or close work orders, for example, work orders that may or may not be on a predetermined schedule or route. According to example embodiments, the database 300 comprises an employee portal and a customer portal. In example embodiments, the employee portal may comprise an schedule with work orders, a time estimation for each work order, a list of contact information for each of the customers, a history of archive of previously-completed work orders for all customers or specific customers of a particular list of work orders, a real time estimation of the quantity of fluid used and on hand, and/or any other desired information.
According to another example embodiment, one or more additional components can be provided so as to provide a tracking and comparability functionality, for example, by collecting one or more photographic images of the intended-to-be-sprayed subject (e.g., weeds and invasive brush according to one example) prior and/or during the spraying of the liquid or fluid. For example, according to example embodiments a sensing component 250 can be integrated with or removably mounted to the spray gun 220′. The sensing component 250 may be a distance sensor or a camera or imaging component. According to example embodiments, the location for each image captured is logged and associated with the specific image. According to one example embodiment, a map can be generated so as to provide a realistic three dimensional map of the landscape and the intended-to-be-sprayed subject prior to and during the dispensing of the liquid on the same. This way, after a period of time to when the liquid is usually effective and noticeable with respect to the health of the intended-to-be-sprayed subject, a user, employee and/or customer can go reassess the area that was previously sprayed and compare to the map that was previously generated. Thus, according to example embodiments, the effectiveness of the spraying application can be visualized, and for example, the user U or other operator maintains accountability of their spraying application based on the before/after images.
In example embodiments, the on-board intelligent metering component can be connected (wired or wireless) with the sensing component 250. According to some example embodiments, the images captured by the sensing component 250 are collected in real time and assigned with the real time data obtained from the intelligent metering device 10′, for example such that a single line of communication is provided between the intelligent metering component 10′ and electronic device D, and thus, data sent from the intelligent metering component 10′ to the electronic device D includes data relating to the fluid flowing therethrough and associated images, GPS location, etc.
According to example embodiments, for example, as briefly described above, the intelligent metering component 10 preferably comprises at least one component for measuring (e.g., continuously) the temperature of the fluid passing through the conduit 40 and metering assembly 80 thereof. According to example embodiments, the thermistor 132 comprises a NTC self-adhering temperature sensor that is configured to be secured to the interior wall section 46 of the housing 20. according to other example embodiments, preferably one or more separate sensors and/or components are placed or secured in other areas/locations of the particular spraying device(s). According to one example embodiment, at least one temperature sensor can be provided in the reservoir or fluid containment area of the device, for example, wherein a large quantity or supply of liquid is contained for being dispensed from one or more nozzles of the device. In example embodiments, at least one or more additional sensors can be provided along one or more conduit or hose sections or supply lines, for example, that are generally provided for transporting fluid from the reservoir to the one or more nozzles, or for example, for rerouting fluids between reservoirs, junctions, connectors, or other conduit sections that are fluidly connected with the device. In example embodiments, the one or more sensors can be powered and wirelessly communicate with the electronic device D or other electronic component. According to some example embodiments, one or more of the sensors can be connected with a user interface, the electronic device or otherwise configured to at least partially comprise a wired system. According to another example embodiment, at least one sensor is wired to a processor or other module or device or system, and for example, at least one sensor is wirelessly connected with the processor, module or device or system.
According to example embodiments and as described above, the risk of volatilization, spray drift and off-target movement can be substantially high depending on the environmental conditions where the liquid or fluid (e.g., herbicide, pesticide, etc.) is being applied. For example, volatilization is the conversion of a substance from a liquid or solid to a gas or vapor. All chemicals have a finite vapor pressure and the higher the vapor pressure, the greater the volatility. According to a study conducted, environmental conditions were found to play a large role in how much a herbicide (e.g., dicamba according to one example) will move off the target site in the days following application. According to some examples, greater problems (e.g., high risk of volatilization) can be expected when high temperatures and low relative humidities occur following application. According to some examples, low amounts of rainfall (<0.1 inch) are effective at reducing the potential for volatilization losses. According to one example embodiment, the particular chemical composition of salt used in the different dicamba (e.g., herbicide) products may affect the amount of dicamba likely to leave the target-site. In most cases, the risk of volatilization losses is greatest in the days immediately following application, but under certain conditions it is possible for volatilization to occur several days after application.
According to some example embodiments, under similar environmental and application conditions, the amount of dicamba moving off-target is directly related to the amount applied. Thus, a 0.25 pt application rate of Clarity (e.g., herbicide) would result in a 50% reduction in the amount of dicamba moving off-target compared to a 0.5 pt application. Several of the package mix products containing dicamba (e.g., Celebrity Plus, Distinct, NorthStar) use lower amounts of dicamba than typically applied with Banvel or Clarity. According to example embodiments, lower rates of dicamba in the package mix products have the potential to reduce the potential for off-target movement.
According to one example, a study found that volatilization can occur for up to several days after an application if conditions are suitable. As described above, low relative humidity conditions and high atmospheric temperatures substantially increase the risk of volatilization. According to one study, it was reported that soybean injury due to dicamba volatilization was greater under low humidity conditions (70-75%) than high humidity (85-95%).
According to example embodiments, a temperature inversion can be a severe threat to off-target movement of a herbicide or pesticide. In example embodiments, temperature inversion stops atmospheric convection (which is normally present) from happening in the affected area and can lead to the air becoming stiller and murky from the collection of dust and pollutants that are no longer able to be lifted from the surface. As such, a temperature inversion acts as a cap on the upward movement of air from the layers below. During a temperature inversion, the air temperature increases with increasing height above the soil surface. As such, the coldest, densest air is at the surface and its density steadily decreases with increasing height. The result is a very stable stratification of air that prevents vertical air motion. According to example embodiments, a very stable atmosphere is characterized by low wind speeds and only horizontal, laminar flow. A Texas study has shown that wind speeds of 4-5 mph do not disrupt an inversion because of this inherent stability. For example, when an applicator introduces spray droplets into very stable air, the larger drops with greater fall velocities strike the surface within one to three seconds. However, smaller droplets (about 200 microns in diameter or less) fall as little as a few inches per second and may float along with the air for long distances. Ultimately, the evaporation rate determines how far a droplet can drift. The coolest air near the sprayed surface often is nearly saturated (100 percent relative humidity), so spray droplets will evaporate very slowly. For example, even if the wind speed is between about 1-2 mph, a small droplet can move significant distances, and wind speeds up to 4-5 mph have been measured during temperature inversions.
Thus, according to example embodiments of the present invention, the intelligent metering device 10, 10′, in combination with the electronic device D, can be configured to accurately predict the possibility of off-target damage due to the risks associated with volatilization. Preferably, the electronic device D (and/or intelligent metering devices 10, 10′) can provide accurate predictions in real time based off of the present available data (e.g., environmental factors, weather, etc.) and the carrier temperatures (e.g., the temperature measured by the thermistor 132). According to example embodiments, the electronic device D can be configured to pull relevant information from one or more other applications or online, for example, such that an automated procedure is constantly, in real time, processing the data to determine the chances of volatilization. According to example embodiments, certain factors to be included when predicting the chances of volatilization include the current and future whether forecast (NOAA, Weather Channel app or website, etc.), wind speeds, atmospheric temperatures, relative humidity, chances of precipitation, temperature inversions, etc. Other factors to consider include the particular chemical that is being applied (e.g., glyphosate, dicamba, 2,4-D, other herbicides, pesticides, pH modifiers, specific label instructions of the chemical), the viscosity of the chemical being applied, the particular mixture ratio, the temperature of the chemical being applied (e.g., as described above re the thermistor 132), the dew point, cloud concentration, visibility, and/or various other factors as desired.
According to one example embodiment, the electronic device D (or database connected therewith) can comprise a library of common chemicals that are typically used for application. Thus, according to example embodiments, the specific label (application instructions, volatility, etc.) of a particular chemical can be easily accessed or processed within the software or application of the electronic device to be used in determining the chances of volatilization at a particular area. According to some example embodiments, the concentrated chemical container can comprise an identifier or barcode, for example, which can be scanned or captured by the electronic device a According to example embodiments, capturing the barcode enters the chemical within the software or application (and/or database accessed over the network) such that the inventory can be tracked and accounted for. Furthermore, capturing the barcode further allows the software to assign a particular chemical from the library to a particular job and/or location, for example, such that the label information and chemical composition of the chemical can be included and accessed to determine the chances of volatilization. With reference back to
For example, according to example embodiments, certain volatile fluids, for example, some herbicides and pesticides, are more volatile at higher temperatures than lower temperatures. In example embodiments, the temperature can include the atmospheric temperature, the soil temperature, and/or the temperature of the fluid (e.g., carrier temperature). According to example embodiments, the process by which the chances of volatilization is determined certainly includes the carrier temperature as a factor. For example, a highly volatile fluid may be extremely volatile at a first temperature whereas a lower volatile fluid may be extremely volatile at a second temperature, for example, where the first temperature is less than the second temperature. Thus, according to example embodiments, the particular volatility of the fluid or chemical, in addition to the temperature of the fluid (measured in real time), the atmospheric temperature, and/or any other environmental factors, conditions; weather forecasts, etc. can be utilized to determine the chances of volatilization of the chemical. According to example embodiments, if the chances of volatilization are at or above a particular threshold, the user or applicator and/or administrator is alerted to cease applying the chemical. In other example embodiments, the intelligent metering device can automatically lock or become disabled due to the chances of volatilization reaching the threshold.
According to additional example embodiments of the present invention, the intelligent metering device 10 (or spray gun 220′ with device 10′) can be preferably used for a plurality of different applications. According to one example embodiment; a commercial and/or residential lawn care service (e.g., TruGreen®, etc.), pest control service (e.g., Terminix®, Orkin®), and or other application service or business dispensing fluids or liquids, for example, one or more chemicals or other fluids, can incorporate the intelligent metering devices 10, 10′ with one or more applicators; sprayers; or other equipment that is typically used. Similarly, the service providers or businesses can utilize the connectability of the metering devices 10, 10′ with one or more electronic devices D, wearables SW and/or other electronic devices; databases, servers, etc. so as to quantify the usage of the particular chemical being applied, and for example, have the ability to track the location of where the chemical was applied; and for example, can capture one or more images of the target area that was treated. According to some example embodiments, the location sensing abilities of the intelligent metering devices 10, 10′ (and connectable electronic devices D or wearables SW) can provide safety and/or precautionary measures.
According to one example embodiment, one or more geofences are predefined within a map, and for example, an employee attempting to spray or discharge the chemical within an area that is defined within the location of the geofence is prevented from doing so, for example, such that the intelligent metering device locks such that the chemical or fluid is prevented from passing therethrough the conduit. Example locations can include a school, daycare, etc. Thus, according to one example embodiment of the present invention, the metering device can be automatically locked so as to prevent use unless the metering device is linked with the electronic device D and when the electronic device D is in a particular location. According to other example embodiments, the intelligent metering devices of the present invention can be incorporated with one or more spraying apparatuses such as a vehicle equipped with a large reservoir or tank (e.g., for containing the liquid) and one or more spraying nozzles or booms, etc. One example can include large scale equipment such as a tractor and other necessary equipments for treating large areas, crops, etc. Other examples can include a utility truck comprising multiple hoses and reservoirs, for example, a lawn care service vehicle.
Referring to
The electronics assembly 120 includes at least the GPS chip 136 and the microprocessor 126. The microprocessor 126 may also be referred to herein as a controller 126. The GPS chip 136 may be configured to monitor GPS coordinates 138 of the GPS chip 136. The GPS chop 136 may also be referred to herein as a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) sensor 136. The controller 126 may be functionally linked to the metering assembly 80 using the Hall Effect Sensor 130 of the electronics assembly 120 and may further be configured to generate flow rate data 140 associated with a fluid 142 passing through the fluid conduit 40. The fluid 142 passing through the fluid conduit 40 may define a flow direction 147 which may, at least in part, be defined between the first end opening 42 and the second end opening 44. The first end opening 42 may also be referred to herein as an inlet 42 and the second end opening 44 may also be referred to herein as an outlet 44. The one or more pitched veins 90 of the turbine 82 of the metering assembly 80 may be positioned perpendicular to the flow direction 147.
The controller 126 includes or may be associated with a processor 152, a computer readable medium 154, and a data base 156. The computer readable medium 154 may be non-volatile memory which may be used for storage of the collected data, system settings and temporary storage for system software updates. The computer readable medium 154 is not affected by loss of power. It is understood that the controller 126, described herein, may be a single controller having all of the described functionality, or it may include multiple controllers wherein the described functionality is distributed among the multiple controllers.
Various operations, steps or algorithms as described in connection with the controller 126 can be embodied directly in hardware, in a computer program product 158 such as a software module executed by the processor 152, or in a combination of the two. The computer program product 158 can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, or any other form of computer-readable medium 154 known in the art. An exemplary computer-readable medium 154 can be coupled to the processor 152 such that the processor 152 can read information from, and write information to, the memory/storage medium. In the alternative, the medium can be integral to the processor. The processor and the medium can reside in an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The ASIC can reside in a user terminal. In the alternative, the processor and the medium can reside as discrete components in a user terminal.
The controller 126 may be configured to record and associate the flow rate data 140 with the monitored GPS coordinates 138 to define a plurality of sprayer locations 139. The plurality of sprayer locations 139 may be stored in the computer readable medium 154 of the controller 126. The plurality of sprayer locations 139 may be associated with the physical locations of the intelligent metering device 10, and the flow rate at each of the physical locations. The controller 126 may further be configured to determine and associate a dispensed fluid volume 141 with each of the plurality of sprayer locations 139. The dispensed fluid volume 141 may be based at least in part on a time stamp associated with the flow rate data 140. The time stamp may also be associated with the monitored GPS coordinates 138.
Referring to
Referring back to
The controller 126 may be configured to estimate sprayed GPS coordinates 143 based at least in part on the monitored GPS coordinates 138 and data 180D, 182D, 184D, 186D, 188D from one or more of the pressure sensor 180, the compass sensor 182, the gyroscope 184, the accelerometer 186, or the magnetometer 188, respectively. The sprayed GPS coordinates 143 may be associated with where the fluid 142 was actually projected to, rather than the location of the intelligent metering device 10, 10′ (e.g., the monitored GPS coordinates 138). The controller 126 may further be configured to associate and record the sprayed GPS coordinates 143 with the flow rate data 140 to define a plurality of sprayed locations 144. The plurality of sprayed locations 144 may be stored in the computer readable medium 154 of the controller 126.
The controller 126 may further be configured to associate a dispensed fluid volume 141 with each of the plurality of sprayed locations 144. The dispensed fluid volume 141 may be based at least in part on a time stamp associated with the flow rate data 140. The time stamp may also be associated with the sprayed GPS coordinates 143.
A spray nozzle 225 may be coupled to the outlet 44. A spray pattern 234 may be based at least in part on the particular nozzle 225 attached to the outlet 44. The spray pattern may also be based at least in part on the pressure 180D of the fluid 142 within the fluid conduit 40. The estimated sprayed GPS coordinates 143 may further be based at least in part on the spray pattern 234. The controller 126 may be configured to determine and associate a sprayed area 236 (shown in
The electronics assembly 120 may further include a communications module 240 configured to transmit data 145 from the controller 126 to the electronic device D or other electronic components. The electronic device D may also be referred to herein as an external device D. The data 145 may comprise at least one of the plurality of sprayer locations 139 or the plurality of sprayed locations 144. The communications module 240 may also be referred to herein as a transmitter 240 or a wireless transceiver 240. The communications module 240 may utilize, for example, radio frequency (RF), Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy, WiFi, Cellular, or other similar communication technologies (collectively referred to as communication protocols). In certain optional embodiments, the communications module 240 may be configured to implements multiple communication protocols using a single communications module 240. In other optional embodiments, the communications module 240 may include multiple communications modules, each configured to implement a different communication protocol. The external device D may, for example, be a smartphone, smart watch, a computer, a server, a cloud server, or the like.
In certain optional embodiments, live weather data 242 including wind direction and speed may be used at least in part for determining the sprayed GPS coordinates 143 and/or the sprayed area 236. The live weather data 242 may either be pulled from the internet using an internet connected mobile device (e.g., external device D) or by incorporating a cellular mobile module (not shown) in the electronics assembly 120 to enable the live weather data 242 to be downloaded directly. Alternatively, an anemometer (not shown) may be incorporated into the electronics assembly 120 to detect wind speed.
Each of the plurality of sprayer locations 139 or the plurality of sprayed locations 144 may be viewed live or uploaded to a server for reporting purposes. Referring to
Referring to
The method 900 may further include determining and associating a dispensed fluid volume 141 with each of the plurality of sprayer locations 139 based at least in part on a time stamp associated with the flow rate data 140.
In accordance with the method 900, the intelligent metering device 10, may be the sprayer 700.
The method 900 may further include monitoring one or more a pressure (e.g., data 180D) of the fluid 142 passing through the intelligent metering device 10, and as applied to an outlet 44 of the sprayer 700, a direction (e.g., data 182D) of the outlet 44 of the sprayer 700, or an angular orientation (e.g., one or more of data 184D, 186D, or 188D) of the outlet 44 of the sprayer 700.
The method 900 may further include estimating sprayed GPS coordinates 143 based at least in part on one or more of the monitored GPS coordinates 138, the monitored pressure (e.g., data 180D), the monitored direction (e.g., data 182D), or the monitored angular orientation (e.g., one or more of data 184D, 186D, or 188D) of the intelligent metering device 10, 10′.
The method 900 may further include associating the estimated sprayed GPS 143 coordinates with the recorded flow rate data 140 to define a plurality of sprayed locations 144.
The method 900 may further include determining and associating a dispensed fluid volume 141 with each of the plurality of sprayed locations 144.
The method 900 may further include determining and associating a spray area 236 with each of the plurality of sprayed locations 144. The spray area 236 may be based at least in part on a spray pattern 234 associated with a sprayer nozzle 225 coupled to the outlet 44 of the sprayer 700.
The method 900 may further include transmitting data 145 comprising at least one of the plurality of sprayer locations 139 or the plurality of sprayed locations 144 from the intelligent metering device 10, 10′ to an electronic device D.
The method 900 may further include detecting movement of a turbine 82 positioned within a fluid conduit 40 of the intelligent metering device 10, 10′ using a Hall Effect sensor 130 of the electronics assembly 120 to determine the flow rate data 140.
Various steps of the method 900 may be performed either by the electronics assembly 120, the electronic device D, or some other external device configured to receive data from the intelligent metering device 10, 10′.
Throughout the specification and claims, the following terms take at least the meanings explicitly associated herein, unless the context dictates otherwise. The meanings identified below do not necessarily limit the terms, but merely provide illustrative examples for the terms. The meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” may include plural references, and the meaning of “in” may include “in” and “on.” The phrase “in one embodiment,” as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may.
It will be understood by those of skill in the art that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques (e.g., data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof). Likewise, the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, depending on the application and functionality. Moreover, the various logical blocks, modules, and circuits described herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor (e.g., microprocessor, conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, state machine or combination of computing devices), a digital signal processor (“DSP”), an application specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”), a field programmable gate array (“FPGA”) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. Similarly, steps of a method or process described herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
The term “processor” as used herein may refer to at least general-purpose or specific-purpose processing devices and/or logic as may be understood by one of skill in the art, including but not limited to a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a state machine, and the like. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. For example, the processor can be implemented as a microprocessor-based computer running an operating system such as Linux and the processor may be an ARM, RISC, SPARC, x86 or the like.
The terms “controller,” “control circuit” and “control circuitry” as used herein may refer to, be embodied by or otherwise included within a machine, such as a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed and programmed to perform or cause the performance of the functions described herein. A general purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be a microcontroller, or state machine, combinations of the same, or the like. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
A controller, computing device, or computer, such as described herein, includes at least one or more processors or processing units and a system memory. The controller may also include at least some form of computer readable media. By way of example and not limitation, computer readable media may include computer storage media and communication media. Computer readable storage media may include volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology that enables storage of information, such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Communication media may embody computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and include any information delivery media. Those skilled in the art should be familiar with the modulated data signal, which has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. Combinations of any of the above are also included within the scope of computer readable media.
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
It will be understood that the particular embodiments described herein are shown by way of illustration and not as limitations of the invention. The principal features of this invention may be employed in various embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize numerous equivalents to the specific procedures described herein. Such equivalents are considered to be within the scope of this invention and are covered by the claims.
All of the compositions and/or methods disclosed and claimed herein may be made and/or executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. While the compositions and methods of this invention have been described in terms of the embodiments included herein, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations may be applied to the compositions and/or methods and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the method described herein without departing from the concept, spirit, and scope of the invention. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope, and concept of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
The previous detailed description has been provided for the purposes of illustration and description. Thus, although there have been described particular embodiments of a new and useful invention, it is not intended that such references be construed as limitations upon the scope of this disclosure except as set forth in the following claims.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 16/655,072 filed Oct. 16, 2019, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/746,112 filed Oct. 16, 2018, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Parent | 16655072 | Oct 2019 | US |
| Child | 17328535 | US |
