The present invention relates to a fluid delivery system and, more particularly, to an apparatus and method for mixing fluids.
Systems for mixing cold water and hot water in a manner providing for a mixed water of a desired temperature are well known in the art. One prior art system includes a two-handle faucet having a cold water control valve and a hot water control valve configured to supply cold water and hot water at a mixing chamber, typically a “T” connection. Such a mixing chamber usually causes the cold water and the hot water to flow against each other since they are supplied in substantially opposite directions. The opposing flows of the cold water and the hot water cause a back pressure, or pressure drop, to develop at the mixing point. Back pressure is proportional to the water flow and results in reduced water flow through the system. As such, back pressure results in a lower flow rate of mixed water.
Further, conventional mixing chambers often do not provide for efficient mixing of the cold water and the hot water, resulting in mixed water having stratified hot and cold portions. Complete mixing of the cold water and the hot water into mixed water with no significant temperature stratification usually only occurs after an extended run of water through the outlet piping.
According to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, a fluid mixer includes a housing having an outer wall defining a mixing chamber. A cold water inlet is in fluid communication with the mixing chamber and is configured to supply a combined cold water stream to the mixing chamber. A hot water inlet is in fluid communication with the mixing chamber and is configured to supply a combined hot water stream to the mixing chamber. A mixed water outlet is in fluid communication with the mixing chamber and is configured to receive a combined mixed water stream from the mixing chamber. A mixing element is received within the mixing chamber, the mixing element including a hub and a plurality of blades extending outwardly from the hub. A mixing passageway is defined within the mixing chamber intermediate the hub of the mixing element and the outer wall of the housing. The cold water inlet and the hot water inlet are arranged to impart rotational flow to the combined cold water stream and the combined hot water stream within the mixing passageway. The plurality of blades extend transverse to the mixing passageway.
According to a further illustrative embodiment of the present invention, a method of mixing a hot water stream and a cold water stream to produce a mixed water stream is provided. The method includes the steps of providing a mixing passageway, supplying a combined cold water stream to the mixing passageway, and rotating the combined cold water stream within the mixing passageway. The method further includes the steps of supplying a combined hot water stream to the mixing passageway, and rotating the combined hot water stream within the mixing passageway. The method also includes the steps of separating the combined cold water stream into a plurality of component cold water streams, separating the combined hot water stream into a plurality of component hot water streams, and mixing the component cold water streams with the component hot water streams into a combined mixed water stream.
According to yet another illustrative embodiment of the present invention, a fluid mixer includes a housing having a first chamber and a second chamber in longitudinally spaced relation to the first chamber. A hub is positioned within the housing, and a plurality of first blades extend laterally outwardly from the hub and are positioned within the first chamber. A plurality of second blades extending laterally outwardly from the hub and are positioned within the second chamber in spaced relation to the plurality of first blades. An outlet is in fluid communication with the second chamber.
According to a further illustrative embodiment of the present invention, a fluid mixer includes a housing defining a mixing chamber. A cold water inlet is in fluid communication with the mixing chamber and is configured to supply cold water. A hot water inlet is in fluid communication with the mixing chamber and is configured to supply hot water. A mixing element including a hub is positioned within the housing. The mixing element is configured to combine the cold water and the hot water to produce a mixed water. A mixed water passageway extends through the hub. A first outlet is in fluid communication with the mixing chamber and the mixed water passageway. Further illustratively, a second outlet is in fluid communication with the mixing chamber and the mixed water passageway. The mixed water passageway is in spaced relation to the first outlet, and the mixed water passageway fluidly connects the mixing chamber to the second outlet.
Additional features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of the illustrative embodiment exemplifying the best mode of carrying out the invention as presently perceived.
The detailed description of the drawings particularly refers to the accompanying figures in which:
Referring initially to
Both the cold water valve 12 and the hot water valve 22 may be of conventional design and illustratively include a rotatable valving member 29, wherein rotation of the valving member 29 increases or decreases the rate of water flow through the respective valve 12, 22. Illustratively, the valving members 29 are of a low torque ceramic disk variety that require reduced energy to operate and are field replaceable. It should be appreciated that other suitable valves may be readily substituted therefor.
With further reference to
In the illustrative embodiment, a cold water temperature sensor 34 is operably coupled to the inlet 14 of the cold water valve 12 and is configured to measure a temperature (TC) of the combined cold water stream 17 flowing therethrough. Similarly, a cold water pressure sensor 38 is operably coupled to the inlet 14 of the cold water valve 12 and is configured to measure a pressure (PC) of the combined cold water stream 17 therein. A hot water temperature sensor 42 is operably coupled to the inlet 24 of the hot water valve 22 and is configured to measure a temperature (TH) of the combined hot water stream 27 flowing into the hot water valve 22. Similarly, a hot water pressure sensor 46 is operably coupled to the inlet 24 of the hot water valve 22 and is configured to measure a pressure (PH) of the combined hot water stream 27 contained therein.
As further detailed herein, the mixer 20 receives the combined cold water stream 17 from the outlet 18 of the cold water valve 12 and the combined hot water stream 27 from the outlet 28 of the hot water valve 22, and forms a combined mixed water stream 49 which is then discharged through a mixed water outlet 50. A mixed water temperature sensor 52 is operably coupled to the mixed water outlet 50 and is configured to measure the temperature (TM) of the combined mixed water stream 49 flowing therethrough. A mixed water pressure sensor 56 is operably coupled to the mixed water outlet 50 and is configured to measure the pressure (PM) of the combined mixed water stream 49 contained therein.
The cold water temperature sensor 34, the cold water pressure sensor 38, the hot water temperature sensor 42, the hot water pressure sensor 46, the mixed water temperature sensor 52, and the mixed water pressure sensor 56 are all operably coupled to a controller (not shown). The controller illustratively receives signals from the sensors 34, 38, 42, 46, 52, and 56, and in response thereto controls operation of the cold water servo motor 30 to adjust the flow of the combined cold water stream 17 through the cold water valve 12 and controls operation of the hot water servo motor 32 to adjust the flow of the combined hot water stream 27 through the hot water valve 22. Additional details of an illustrative embodiment control system for use in connection with the mixer 20 of the present invention are detailed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/109,281, filed Apr. 19, 2005, entitled “Electronic Proportioning Valve”, which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention and is expressly hereby incorporated by reference.
With further reference to
With further reference to
With reference to
The mixing chamber 63 includes a first chamber 92 axially aligned with a second chamber 94. The outer wall 75 of the housing 62 is configured to cooperate with the mixing element 64 to redirect water flow from within the first chamber 92 by approximately 90 degrees along the longitudinal axis 95 of the housing 62. A plurality of first vanes or blades 96 extend laterally outwardly from the hub 84 and are positioned within the first chamber 92. Similarly, a plurality of second blades 98 extend laterally outwardly from the hub 84 and are positioned within the second chamber 94.
The hub 84 is illustratively cylindrical shaped and may comprise a tubular member defining a conduit 100. The hub 84 includes an outer surface 102 and the outer wall 75 of the housing 62 includes an inner surface 104. A toroidal shaped mixing passageway 106 is defined between the outer surface 102 and the inner surface 104.
The plurality of first blades 96 extend radially outwardly from the hub 84 and are circumferentially spaced in a first row 108 around the hub 84. Similarly, the plurality of second blades 98 extend radially outwardly from the hub 84 and are circumferentially spaced in a second row 110 around the hub 84. The first row 108 of blades 96 are spaced axially from the second row 110 of blades 98. While eight first blades 96 and eight second blades 98 are shown in the illustrative embodiment, this does not limit the scope of the invention and the particular number and orientation of the blades 96 and 98 may vary without limiting the scope of the invention.
With reference to
With reference to
As further shown in
As shown in
With reference now to
As shown in the fluid delivery system 10′ of
Referring now to
With reference to
Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to certain preferred embodiments, variations and modifications exist within the spirit and scope of the invention as described and defined in the following claims.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3565791 | Urquhart et al. | Feb 1971 | A |
3642021 | Muller et al. | Feb 1972 | A |
3685541 | Caparone et al. | Aug 1972 | A |
3695903 | Telkes et al. | Oct 1972 | A |
3721386 | Brick et al. | Mar 1973 | A |
3750701 | Botnick | Aug 1973 | A |
3894994 | Day et al. | Jul 1975 | A |
3952796 | Larson | Apr 1976 | A |
4051869 | Holt et al. | Oct 1977 | A |
4102354 | Natale | Jul 1978 | A |
4121761 | Nolden | Oct 1978 | A |
4150817 | Regelin et al. | Apr 1979 | A |
4166575 | Sassi | Sep 1979 | A |
4170245 | Haley | Oct 1979 | A |
4181252 | Nolden | Jan 1980 | A |
4185771 | Killias | Jan 1980 | A |
4189792 | Veach | Feb 1980 | A |
4222410 | Geimer | Sep 1980 | A |
4227548 | Botnick | Oct 1980 | A |
4241868 | Perkins | Dec 1980 | A |
4258751 | Humpert | Mar 1981 | A |
4270570 | Kolze | Jun 1981 | A |
4322031 | Gehlert | Mar 1982 | A |
4330081 | McMillan | May 1982 | A |
4359186 | Kiendl | Nov 1982 | A |
4402455 | Kolt | Sep 1983 | A |
4406398 | Perkins | Sep 1983 | A |
4409694 | Barrett, Sr. et al. | Oct 1983 | A |
4420811 | Tarnay et al. | Dec 1983 | A |
4421269 | Ts'ao | Dec 1983 | A |
4429422 | Wareham | Feb 1984 | A |
4444357 | Lynch et al. | Apr 1984 | A |
4455475 | Giorgetti | Jun 1984 | A |
4478249 | Fleischmann | Oct 1984 | A |
4503575 | Knoop et al. | Mar 1985 | A |
4524906 | Kenyon et al. | Jun 1985 | A |
4528709 | Getz | Jul 1985 | A |
4541562 | Zukausky | Sep 1985 | A |
4558817 | Kiendl | Dec 1985 | A |
4560284 | Chen | Dec 1985 | A |
4563780 | Pollack | Jan 1986 | A |
4570848 | McLellan | Feb 1986 | A |
4572238 | Stenlund | Feb 1986 | A |
4575262 | Andersen | Mar 1986 | A |
4580544 | Walker | Apr 1986 | A |
4581707 | Millar | Apr 1986 | A |
4604764 | Enzo | Aug 1986 | A |
4618091 | Buzzi | Oct 1986 | A |
4630940 | Ostertag et al. | Dec 1986 | A |
4635844 | Barrett, Sr. et al. | Jan 1987 | A |
4645489 | Krumme et al. | Feb 1987 | A |
4674678 | Knebel et al. | Jun 1987 | A |
4682626 | Bergmann | Jul 1987 | A |
4682728 | Oudenhoven et al. | Jul 1987 | A |
4693415 | Sturm | Sep 1987 | A |
4694512 | Knebel et al. | Sep 1987 | A |
4700884 | Barrett et al. | Oct 1987 | A |
4700885 | Knebel | Oct 1987 | A |
4706703 | Takeuchi et al. | Nov 1987 | A |
4709728 | Ying-Chung | Dec 1987 | A |
4711392 | Kidouchi et al. | Dec 1987 | A |
4713525 | Eastep | Dec 1987 | A |
4735357 | Gregory et al. | Apr 1988 | A |
4739923 | Tsutsui et al. | Apr 1988 | A |
4740089 | Fiorentini | Apr 1988 | A |
4742456 | Kamena | May 1988 | A |
4756030 | Juliver | Jul 1988 | A |
4757943 | Sperling et al. | Jul 1988 | A |
4762273 | Gregory et al. | Aug 1988 | A |
4763681 | Cuny et al. | Aug 1988 | A |
4768705 | Tsutsui et al. | Sep 1988 | A |
4842191 | Bergmann | Jun 1989 | A |
4854498 | Stayton | Aug 1989 | A |
4854499 | Neuman | Aug 1989 | A |
4863098 | Kolze et al. | Sep 1989 | A |
4867375 | Ueki et al. | Sep 1989 | A |
4869427 | Kawamoto et al. | Sep 1989 | A |
4870986 | Barrett et al. | Oct 1989 | A |
4873830 | Blattler | Oct 1989 | A |
4875623 | Garris | Oct 1989 | A |
4886207 | Lee et al. | Dec 1989 | A |
4896101 | Cobb | Jan 1990 | A |
4896658 | Yonekubo et al. | Jan 1990 | A |
4901915 | Sakakibara | Feb 1990 | A |
4909435 | Kidouchi et al. | Mar 1990 | A |
4921162 | Blattler | May 1990 | A |
4923116 | Homan | May 1990 | A |
4924900 | Taube, Sr. et al. | May 1990 | A |
4926897 | Perrot | May 1990 | A |
4928732 | Hu | May 1990 | A |
4931938 | Hass | Jun 1990 | A |
4936347 | Oracz et al. | Jun 1990 | A |
4941608 | Shimizu et al. | Jul 1990 | A |
4942739 | Uda et al. | Jul 1990 | A |
4945943 | Cogger | Aug 1990 | A |
4953236 | Lee et al. | Sep 1990 | A |
4955535 | Tsutsui et al. | Sep 1990 | A |
4965894 | Baus | Oct 1990 | A |
4967794 | Tsutsui et al. | Nov 1990 | A |
4968152 | Bergmann | Nov 1990 | A |
4969576 | Merrill et al. | Nov 1990 | A |
4969598 | Garrs | Nov 1990 | A |
4971106 | Tsutsui et al. | Nov 1990 | A |
4976460 | Newcombe et al. | Dec 1990 | A |
4978058 | Duncan et al. | Dec 1990 | A |
4984314 | Weigert | Jan 1991 | A |
4986470 | Yamazaki | Jan 1991 | A |
4994792 | Ziegler, Jr. | Feb 1991 | A |
5032992 | Bergmann | Jul 1991 | A |
5033671 | Shiba et al. | Jul 1991 | A |
5038420 | Chen | Aug 1991 | A |
5050062 | Hass | Sep 1991 | A |
5050641 | Shwu-Fen | Sep 1991 | A |
5058389 | Yasuda et al. | Oct 1991 | A |
5058624 | Kolze | Oct 1991 | A |
5058804 | Yonekubo et al. | Oct 1991 | A |
5067333 | Duncan et al. | Nov 1991 | A |
5074520 | Lee et al. | Dec 1991 | A |
5085399 | Tsutsui et al. | Feb 1992 | A |
5085948 | Tsukamoto et al. | Feb 1992 | A |
5095945 | Jensen | Mar 1992 | A |
5109347 | Quick, Jr. et al. | Apr 1992 | A |
5111969 | Knepler | May 1992 | A |
5125433 | DeMoss et al. | Jun 1992 | A |
5139044 | Otten et al. | Aug 1992 | A |
5148824 | Wilson et al. | Sep 1992 | A |
5170361 | Reed | Dec 1992 | A |
5170514 | Weigert | Dec 1992 | A |
5171429 | Yasuo | Dec 1992 | A |
5174495 | Eichholz et al. | Dec 1992 | A |
5184642 | Powell | Feb 1993 | A |
5197508 | Gottling et al. | Mar 1993 | A |
5199790 | Pawelzik et al. | Apr 1993 | A |
5206963 | Wiens | May 1993 | A |
5215251 | Volk, Jr. et al. | Jun 1993 | A |
5224509 | Tanaka et al. | Jul 1993 | A |
5240028 | Hoch, Jr. et al. | Aug 1993 | A |
5255844 | Miller et al. | Oct 1993 | A |
5261597 | Perlman et al. | Nov 1993 | A |
5273208 | Herrick | Dec 1993 | A |
5287570 | Peterson et al. | Feb 1994 | A |
5294045 | Harris | Mar 1994 | A |
5294051 | Piegari | Mar 1994 | A |
5295274 | Daniels et al. | Mar 1994 | A |
5299775 | Kolze | Apr 1994 | A |
5303731 | Vavra et al. | Apr 1994 | A |
5322086 | Sullivan | Jun 1994 | A |
5329949 | Moncourtois et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
5339859 | Bowman | Aug 1994 | A |
5348223 | Sonesson et al. | Sep 1994 | A |
5350112 | Stein | Sep 1994 | A |
5358177 | Cashmore | Oct 1994 | A |
5358213 | Pilolla | Oct 1994 | A |
5361215 | Tompkins et al. | Nov 1994 | A |
5400961 | Tsutsui et al. | Mar 1995 | A |
5411241 | Nilsson et al. | May 1995 | A |
5417404 | Varden | May 1995 | A |
5428850 | Hiraishi et al. | Jul 1995 | A |
RE35018 | Homan | Aug 1995 | E |
5452740 | Bowman | Sep 1995 | A |
5459890 | Jarocki | Oct 1995 | A |
5462224 | Enoki et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
5494077 | Enoki et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
5504950 | Natalizia et al. | Apr 1996 | A |
5506391 | Burayez et al. | Apr 1996 | A |
5511723 | Eki et al. | Apr 1996 | A |
5518311 | Althaus et al. | May 1996 | A |
5550753 | Tompkins et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
5551630 | Enoki et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
5564462 | Storch | Oct 1996 | A |
5577660 | Hansen | Nov 1996 | A |
5588636 | Eichholz et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
5598973 | Weston | Feb 1997 | A |
5694653 | Harald | Dec 1997 | A |
5755262 | Pilolla | May 1998 | A |
5779139 | Ueno | Jul 1998 | A |
5810474 | Hidalgo | Sep 1998 | A |
5829072 | Hirsch et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
5845844 | Zosimodis | Dec 1998 | A |
5855356 | Fait | Jan 1999 | A |
5860596 | Kolt | Jan 1999 | A |
5873518 | Richmond et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
5889684 | Ben-David et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
5904292 | McIntosh | May 1999 | A |
5927332 | Richard | Jul 1999 | A |
5931374 | Knapp | Aug 1999 | A |
5941635 | Stewart | Aug 1999 | A |
5966753 | Gauthier et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
5970528 | Shirai et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
5975124 | Stevens, II | Nov 1999 | A |
5979775 | Raya | Nov 1999 | A |
5979776 | Williams | Nov 1999 | A |
6003182 | Song | Dec 1999 | A |
6024290 | Dosani et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
6029094 | Diffutt | Feb 2000 | A |
6044857 | Stege | Apr 2000 | A |
6050296 | Hoffmann et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
6059192 | Zosimadis | May 2000 | A |
6079625 | Lebkuchner | Jun 2000 | A |
6097993 | Skupin et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
6123094 | Breda | Sep 2000 | A |
6132085 | Bergeron | Oct 2000 | A |
6168949 | Rubenberger | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6195588 | Gauthier et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
6199587 | Shlomi et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6219859 | Derakhshan | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6234670 | Bergeron | May 2001 | B1 |
6237853 | Bergmann | May 2001 | B1 |
6239708 | Young | May 2001 | B1 |
6241379 | Larsen | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6250558 | Dogre Cuevas | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6250601 | Kolar et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6253624 | Broden et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6264121 | McClary | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6270014 | Bollas et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6273394 | Vincent et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6279777 | Goodin | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6286464 | Abraham et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6286764 | Garvey et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6290139 | Kolze | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6294786 | Marcichow et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6305610 | Estes | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6305663 | Miller | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6315208 | Doyle | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6317717 | Lindsey et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6321785 | Bergmann | Nov 2001 | B1 |
6336233 | Shaw et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6340032 | Zosimadis | Jan 2002 | B1 |
6352106 | Hartman | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6363549 | Humpert | Apr 2002 | B2 |
6378545 | Bozkan et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
6382252 | Moore et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6390125 | Pawelzik et al. | May 2002 | B2 |
6394361 | Fridmann et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
6405932 | Palmer | Jun 2002 | B1 |
6408881 | Lorenzelli et al. | Jun 2002 | B2 |
6435213 | Lou | Aug 2002 | B2 |
6438770 | Hed et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6445880 | Hollander et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
6446875 | Brooks et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
RE37888 | Cretu-Petra | Oct 2002 | E |
6463999 | Jung | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6464210 | Teran et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6473917 | Mateina | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6478285 | Bergmann | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6481029 | Mateina | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6481634 | Zosimadis | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6497372 | Lee et al. | Dec 2002 | B2 |
6513787 | Jeromson et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6517006 | Knapp | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6543478 | Kline | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6549816 | Gauthier et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6554196 | Sasayama et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6557785 | Knapp | May 2003 | B1 |
6601986 | Jang et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
6619320 | Parsons | Sep 2003 | B2 |
6629645 | Mountford et al. | Oct 2003 | B2 |
6637668 | Eveleigh | Oct 2003 | B2 |
6641727 | Aldred et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
6655829 | Vanden Bussche et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
6659361 | Sasayama et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
6669843 | Arnaud | Dec 2003 | B2 |
6676024 | McNerney et al. | Jan 2004 | B1 |
6679476 | Noyes et al. | Jan 2004 | B2 |
6691338 | Zieger | Feb 2004 | B2 |
6701194 | Gauthier et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
6705534 | Mueller | Mar 2004 | B1 |
6708895 | Knapp | Mar 2004 | B1 |
6713036 | Vanden Bussche et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
6715731 | Post et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
6722575 | Gagne et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
6769252 | Smith | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6776395 | Meier | Aug 2004 | B1 |
6805330 | Bush | Oct 2004 | B2 |
6811713 | Arnaud | Nov 2004 | B2 |
6820816 | Reid | Nov 2004 | B1 |
6823892 | Knapp | Nov 2004 | B1 |
6826455 | Iott et al. | Nov 2004 | B1 |
6854658 | Houghton et al. | Feb 2005 | B1 |
7175099 | Bilyard et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
20010020645 | Mountford et al. | Sep 2001 | A1 |
20010044954 | DiCarlo | Nov 2001 | A1 |
20020020179 | Winkler | Feb 2002 | A1 |
20020029416 | Shaw et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
20020148040 | Mateina | Oct 2002 | A1 |
20020179723 | Wack et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
20030052007 | Paul et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
20030075611 | Eveleigh | Apr 2003 | A1 |
20030080194 | O'Hara et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20030088338 | Phillips et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20030125842 | Chang et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030126993 | Lassota et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030218074 | Beck et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
20040000594 | Beck et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
20040041033 | Kemp | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040041034 | Kemp | Mar 2004 | A1 |
20040134545 | Ford | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040193326 | Phillips et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20070057215 | Parsons et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
3407796 | Sep 1985 | DE |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20060231636 A1 | Oct 2006 | US |