Patent Grant
9366137
This application is a U.S. National Stage filing under 35 USC §371 of International Patent Application No. PCT/JP2013/070337 filed on Aug. 9, 2013. This application also claims priority under the Paris Convention to Japanese Application No. 2011-266732, filed on Dec. 6, 2011.
The present invention relates to a fluid-pressure apparatus having a pair of gears whose tooth surfaces mesh with each other.
As a fluid-pressure apparatus as mentioned above, a hydraulic pump which rotates a pair of gears by an appropriate drive motor and pressurizes an operation fluid by the rotational motions of the gears and discharges the pressurized operation fluid, and a hydraulic motor which rotates gears by introducing a previously pressurized operation fluid therein and uses rotational forces of rotating shafts of the gears as a power are conventionally known.
Such fluid-pressure apparatuses have a problem of operational noise generated by meshing of gears, a problem of noise generated by discontinuous change of the volume of the liquid confined between tooth surfaces of the meshing gears, and the like. In order to reduced such noise, conventionally a fluid-pressure apparatus using a pair of gears having a theoretical tooth profile which prevents the occurrence of a gap between tooth surfaces of the gears meshing with each other has been suggested (see the Unexamined Patent Application (Translation of PCT Application) Publication No. 2010-521610).
As shown in
The housing 2 comprises a body 3 in which the hydraulic chamber 4 having a space with a substantially 8-shaped cross-section is formed from one end surface to the other end surface thereof, a first flange 8 screwed on the one end surface of the body 3, and a second flange 11 similarly screwed on the other end surface of the body 3, and the hydraulic chamber 4 is closed by the first flange 8 and the second flange 11.
One of the pair of gears 20′, 23′ is a driving gear 20′ and the other is a driven gear 23′. The gears 20′, 23′ respectively have rotating shafts 21, 24 which are respectively provided to extend in the axial directions of the gears 20′, 23′ from both end surfaces of the gears 20′, 23′, and the rotating shaft 21 of the gear 20′ has a tapered portion formed on one end portion thereof and a screw portion 22 is formed on the tip of the tapered portion. Further, the pair of gears 20′, 23′ are, as described above, contained in the hydraulic chamber 4 in a state of meshing with each other, and the outer surfaces of their tooth tips are in sliding contact with an inner peripheral surface 7 of the hydraulic chamber 4.
The bushes 30, 32 are metal bearings comprising a plate-shaped member having a substantially 8-shaped cross-section and respectively have two support holes 31, 33, and the rotating shafts 21, 24 of the gears 20′, 23′ are inserted through the support holes 31, 33, and thereby the rotating shafts 21, 24 are supported to be rotatable. Further, the bushes 30, 32 are inserted in the hydraulic chamber 4 in a state where the rotating shafts 21, 24 of the gears 20′, 23′ are inserted through the support holes 31, 33 and end surfaces of the bushes 30, 32 are in contact with the end surfaces of the gears 20′, 23′. It is noted that the other end surfaces of the bushes 30, 32 are in contact with of end surfaces of the first flange 8 and the second flange 11, respectively, and thereby movement of the gears 20′, 23′ and the bushes 30, 32 in their axial directions is restricted.
Further, the first flange 8 has an insertion hole 9 formed through which the rotating shaft 21 having the screw portion 22 of the driving gear 20′ is inserted, and the driving gear 20′ is arranged in the hydraulic chamber 4 in a state where the rotating shaft 21 is inserted through the insertion hole 9 of the first flange 8 and extended to the outside. Further, an oil seal 10 is provided in the insertion hole 9 and the oil seal 10 provides sealing between the insertion hole 9 and the rotating shaft 21. It is noted that O-rings 12 are respectively interposed between the end surfaces of the body 3 and the first and second flanges 8, 11, and the O-rings 12 provide sealing therebetween.
Further, the body 3 has an intake port (intake flow path) 5, which leads to the hydraulic chamber 4, bored in one side surface thereof and a discharge port (discharge flow path) 6, which similarly leads to the hydraulic chamber 4, bored in another side surface thereof located opposite said side surface with the hydraulic chamber 4 between them. Further, the intake port 5 and the discharge port 6 are provided so that their axes are positioned at the middle between the rotating shafts 21, 24 of the pair of gears 20′, 23′.
The pair of gears 20′, 23′ has such a theoretical tooth profile that their tooth surfaces are continuously and linearly in contact with each other in the axial direction of the rotating shafts 21, 24 and tooth tips of one of them are brought into contact with tooth bottoms of the other of them as shown in
The oil hydraulic device 1 having the above-described configuration can be used as an oil hydraulic pump or an oil hydraulic motor. For example, in a case where it is used as an oil hydraulic pump, appropriate piping which is connected to an appropriate tank for storing an operation fluid therein is connected to the intake port 5 of the housing 2, and the rotating shaft 21 of the driving gear 20′ is driven by an appropriate drive motor, thereby rotating the driving gear 20′ in the direction indicated by the arrow R shown in
Thereby, the driven gear 23′ meshing with the driving gear 20′ is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow R′, the operation fluid in a space 28 between the inner peripheral surface 7 of the hydraulic chamber 4 and the tooth portions of the gears 20′, 23′ is transferred to the discharge port 6 side by the rotation of the gears 20′, 23′, and the discharge port 6 side is brought into a high pressure and the intake port 5 side is brought into a low pressure, with the contact portion 26 between the pair of gears 20′, 23′ as a border.
When the intake port 5 side is brought into a negative pressure in the above-described manner, the operation fluid in the tank is inhaled into the low-pressure side of the hydraulic chamber 4 through the piping and the intake port 5, and is transferred to the discharge port 6 side by the operation of the pair of gears 20′, 23′ and thereby pressurized to a high pressure, and the pressurized operation fluid is discharged through the discharge port 6.
In the above-described manner, the oil hydraulic device 1 functions as an oil hydraulic pump.
Further, according to this oil hydraulic device 1, since, as described above, the pair of gears 20′, 23′ have such a theoretical tooth profile that their tooth surfaces are continuously and linearly in contact with each other in the axial direction of the rotating shafts 21, 24 and the tooth tips of one of them are brought into contact with the tooth bottoms of the other, the above-mentioned noise problems can be solved. Further, since the roundness or inclination of the edges of the end surfaces of the tooth portions is set to be as small as possible and thereby the sealability between the end surfaces of the gears and the end surfaces of the bushes is improved, thereby preventing leakage of the operation fluid from the high-pressure discharge port 6 side to the low-pressure intake port 5 side, high discharge volume (which is volume efficiency and also output efficiency) can be obtained.
However, while the above-described conventional oil hydraulic device 1 has, as described above, a merit that the noise problems can be solved and high volume efficiency can be obtained, it has a problem that, since the roundness or inclination of the edges of the end surfaces of the tooth portions is set to be as small as possible for obtaining high volume efficiency, when the pair of gears 20′, 23′ mesh with each other, contact stress tends to concentrate at the edges and the edges are easily damaged due to the contact stress. Particularly, intermediate parts between the teeth tips and the tooth bottoms are regions having a function of transmitting power from the driving gear 20′ to the driven gear 23′, and because a larger stress acts thereon than on the tooth tips and the tooth bottoms, the intermediate parts are easily damaged. Further, in a case where the pair of gears 20′, 23′ are helical gears like the oil hydraulic device 1, as shown in
Further, if, for example, an edge portion is broken as described above, a problem that a broken piece caused by the breaking bites the pair of gears 20′, 23′ meshing with each other and the tooth surfaces thereof at the biting portion is damaged, that is, the damaged region is expanded is caused, and, in turn, a large abnormal noise occurs or the oil hydraulic device 1 can be brought into a disabled state. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the broken piece caused by the breaking is transferred from the oil hydraulic device 1 to an oil hydraulic equipment connected thereto and the oil hydraulic equipment is damaged by the broken piece.
Further, in a case where an edge portion is broken, the sealability between the edges and the bushes 30, 32 is reduced, and therefore a problem that the discharge amount of the operation fluid is reduced, that is, volume efficiency is lowered, is caused. This problem is explained with reference to
As shown in
On the other hand, if, for example, an edge portion of the gear 20′ is broken as shown in
Thus, the above-described conventional oil hydraulic device 1 has a structural problem that a rated discharge amount cannot be maintained for a long time, and a problem that the device lacks reliability.
The present invention has been achieved in view of the above-described circumstances and an object thereof is to provide a conventional fluid-pressure apparatus which is quiet and has high output efficiency, the apparatus being capable of maintaining the quietness and the output efficiency for a long time, and having higher reliability than before.
The present invention, for solving the above-described problems, relates to a fluid-pressure apparatus comprising:
a pair of gears which each have a tooth portion formed at an outer peripheral portion thereof and the tooth portions of which mesh with each other;
a housing which has a hydraulic chamber in which the pair of gears are contained in a state of meshing with each other, the hydraulic chamber having an arc-shaped inner peripheral surface with which outer surfaces of tooth tips of the pair of gears are in sliding contact;
support members which are inserted in the hydraulic chamber of the housing in a state of being respectively in contact with both end surfaces of the gears and support rotating shafts respectively provided to extend outward from both end surfaces of the gears;
the housing having an intake flow path and a discharge flow path which respectively open in one side inner surface and another side inner surface of the hydraulic chamber with the pair of gears between them; and
the pair of gears having such a theoretical tooth profile that their tooth surfaces are continuously and linearly in contact with each other in an axial direction of the rotating shafts and the tooth tips of one of the gears are brought into contact with tooth bottoms of the other of the gears, wherein
on edges of the end surfaces of the tooth portions of the gears, at least intermediate parts between the tooth tips and the tooth bottoms are chamfered and the intermediate parts have a roundness or inclination larger than those of the tooth tips and the tooth bottoms.
According to the present invention, on the edges of the end surfaces of the tooth portions of the pair of gears, at least the intermediate parts between the tooth tips and tooth bottoms are chamfered and the roundness or inclination of the intermediate parts is larger than those of the tooth tips and the tooth bottoms.
Thus, by chamfering at least the intermediate parts between the tooth tips and the tooth bottoms, the edge strength of the intermediate parts can be increased, thereby preventing the intermediate parts from being damaged due to contact stress generated when the pair of gears mesh with each other. Although a larger stress acts on the intermediate parts, particularly a power transmitting region, than on other portions, increasing the strength thereof by chamfering makes it possible to improve the durability thereof. On the other hand, because the tooth tips and the tooth bottoms are not a power transmitting region and the stress acting thereon is not so large, even if the roundness or inclination of their edge portions is made small, there is not a fear that they are damaged.
Further, in the present invention, by making the roundness or inclination of the tooth tips and the tooth bottoms smaller than that of the intermediate parts, the sealability between the end surfaces of the gears and the support members is maintained.
That is, although, if the entire edges of the tooth portions are uniformly chamfered to prevent the occurrence of damage of the edges, leakage from the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side occurs similarly to the above-described case where an edge portion is broken, such leakage can be prevented by making at least the tooth tips and the tooth bottoms have such a roundness or slop that the leakage does not occur.
As described above, the roundness or inclination of the edges of the tooth potions causes mutually contradictory phenomena that, when it is small, although the sealablity is improved, the strength is reduced and the edges are easily damaged, and that, on the other hand, when it is large, although the strength is increased and the edges are hardly damaged, the sealability is reduced and leakage easily occurs.
The inventor of the present application, as a result of eager studies, found out that it is possible to achieve both the sealabily and the strength by making the tooth tips and the tooth bottoms have a very small roundness or inclination which does not cause the leakage and making the intermediate parts have a roundness or slop which does not cause the damage.
Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a lubricating effect between the end surfaces of the gears and the support members by chamfering the intermediate parts.
As described above, according to the fluid-pressure apparatus of the present invention, the original performance of being quiet and having high output efficiency can be maintained for a long time and higher reliability than before can be obtained.
Further, in the present invention, it is particularly preferable that edge portions corresponding to the power transmitting region (hereinafter, referred to as “power-transmitting-region portions”) are chamfered. As described above, since particularly large stress acts on the power-transmitting-region portions, chamfering the portions can prevent damage thereof.
It is noted that the “power-transmitting-region portion” means a theoretical curve portion which is represented by theoretical curves used in general gears, such as an involute curve and a trochoid curve, specifically a theoretical curve portion which is arranged in the vicinity of a pitch point of the gears and cannot be expressed by one perfect circle (single R). The power-transmitting-region portion is generally positioned in a range of 0.1 h to 0.9 h from the tooth bottom, where h is the tooth depth of the gears. Further, in the present invention, it is particularly preferable that the intermediate part is positioned in a range of 0.26 h to 0.81 h from the tooth bottom.
Further, in the present invention, the pair of gears may be helical gears, and in this case, the chamfering may be performed on only the intermediate parts on a side where the angle between the end surface of the gear and the tooth surface is acute.
The strength of the acute-angle edge portions is lower than that of the obtuse-angle edge portions, and, although there is no fear of damage to the obtuse-angle edge portions, risk of damage to the acute-angle edge portions is high. Therefore, by chamfering the acute-angle edge portions, risk of damage can be reduced for the entire edges. Further, by suppressing the part to be chamfered to minimum, the sealability between the edges and the support members can be maintained more appropriately.
Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that the width of chamfering performed on the intermediate parts is between 0.05 and 0.8 mm, and it is more preferable that it is between 0.1 and 0.2 mm. It is noted that the “depth of chamfering” here means, in a case where the chamfering is round, the chord length dimension of the arc portion, and means, in a case where the chamfering is a inclination, the width of the inclination.
As described in detail above, according to the fluid-pressure apparatus of the present invention, since, on the edges of the end surfaces of the tooth portions of the gears, at least the intermediate parts between the tooth tips and the tooth bottoms are chamfered and the roundness or inclination of the intermediate parts is made larger than those of the tooth tips and the tooth bottoms, it is possible to prevent the edges from being damaged due to contact force generated when the pair of gears mesh with each other, and it is possible to prevent leakage of the operation fluid through between the gears and the support members. Thereby, the original performance of being quiet and having high output efficiency can be maintained for a long time and higher reliability than before can be obtained.
Hereinafter, in connection with a fluid-pressure apparatus according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, as an example, an oil hydraulic device using a hydraulic oil as operation fluid will be described with reference to
In the pair of helical gears 20, 23 of the oil hydraulic device according to the present embodiment, on the edges of the end surfaces of the gears 20, 23, only edge portions where the angle between the end surface and the tooth surface is acute (an acute angle portion 27a shown in
Here, it is preferable that the values of h1 and h2 are set so that the power-transmitting-region portion is included between h1 and h2, and h1 is from 0.1 h to 0.5 h (positioned at 10 to 50% of the tooth depth from the tooth bottom) and h2 is from 0.5 h to 0.9 h (portioned at 50 to 90% of the tooth depth from the tooth bottom). In other words, it is preferable that the intermediate part is set within a range of 0.1 h to 0.9 h, and as a more preferable example, an example in which h1=0.26 h and h2=0.81 h can be given.
It is noted that, although, in the foregoing, the widths of chamfering of the tooth tip part and the tooth bottom part are 0, in actual machining, it is very difficult to set the width of chamfering to 0. Therefore, it is allowed to make the tooth tip part and the tooth bottom part have such a width of chamfering that an acceptable degree of leakage from the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side occurs.
Further, the width of chamfering of the intermediate part does not have to be uniform and may be gradually changed. In brief, it is important to make the intermediate part have such a width of chamfering that the intermediate part can obtain a predetermined strength. In this sense, it is preferable that the width of chamfering of the intermediate part is from 0.05 to 0.8 mm, and it is more preferable that it is from 0.1 to 0.2 mm.
In the oil hydraulic device of the present embodiment having the above-described configuration, since the width of chamfering of the intermediate parts of the acute angle portions 27 which are easily damaged when the gears 20, 23 mesh with each other is set to be larger than those of the tooth tips and the tooth bottoms of the edges, the strength of the intermediate parts are increased and the durability thereof is improved. Therefore, when using this oil hydraulic device as an oil hydraulic pump or an oil hydraulic motor, even if contact stress concentrates at the intermediate parts due to meshing of the pair of gears, the intermediate parts are prevented from being damaged or broken, and it is possible to remarkably improve the durability thereof as compared with the conventional oil hydraulic device.
On the other hand, since the widths of chamfering of the tooth tip part and the tooth bottom part are set to 0 or such a width of chamfering that leakage from the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side is within an acceptable range, similarly to the conventional oil hydraulic device 1, it is possible to secure high sealability between the end surfaces of the gears 20, 23 and the end surfaces of the bushes 30, 32, and it is possible to secure high output efficiency.
That is, if the entire edges of the gears 20, 23 are chamfered, as shown in
It is noted that
To the contrary, in the oil hydraulic device according to the present embodiment, as described above, the widths of chamfering of the tooth tip part and the tooth bottom part on which high stress does not act are set to 0 or set to such a width of chamfering that leakage from the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side is within an acceptable range. Therefore, as seen from
Further, since predetermined chamfering is performed on only the intermediate parts of the acute angle portions 27a which are easily broken when the gears 20, 23 mesh with each other, as shown in
Thus, according to the oil hydraulic device of the present embodiment, for the above-described reasons, an effect that the durability is high and high output efficiency can be maintained for a long time as compared with the conventional oil hydraulic device 1 is achieved.
In this connection, the inventor of the present application performed a performance comparison experiment using an oil hydraulic pump corresponding to the conventional oil hydraulic device 1 using helical gears the edges of the tooth portions of which are not chamfered (Comparative Example 1), an oil hydraulic pump using helical gears the entire edges of the tooth portions of which are chamfered (Comparative Example 2) and an oil hydraulic pump using helical gears only the acute-angle edge portions of the tooth portions of which are chamfered so that the width of chamfering of the intermediate part between tooth tip part and the tooth bottom part is larger than those of the tooth tip part and the tooth bottom part (Example). The results thereof are described below. It is noted that
As shown in
As described above, in the oil hydraulic pump of the Example, the initial discharge flow rate is 94% of the theoretical value, and therefore it has a high discharge flow rate (that is, high volume efficiency) equivalent to that of the conventional oil hydraulic device 1 (the Comparative Example 1). This means that volume efficiency is not affected even when the intermediate parts are chamfered.
On the other hand, in the Comparative Example 2 in which the entire edges were chamfered, the obtained initial discharge flow rate was only 83.6% of the theoretical value. This indicates that, when the tooth tip parts and the tooth bottom parts of the edge portions are chamfered, the leakage becomes extremely large and the volume efficiency thereof is remarkably lowered.
Further, in the Example and the Comparative Example 2, the discharge flow rate was not changed so much even after the operation time has elapsed. This indicates that, since chamfering the edges of the tooth portions increases the strength of the edges and therefore the edges are hardly damaged, the seability between the end surfaces of the gears and the end surfaces of the bushes is preferably maintained even after the operation time has elapsed.
On the other hand, in the Comparative Example 1 in which the edges were not chamfered, the discharge flow rate was reduced as time elapsed, and, after 200 hours have elapsed, the discharge flow rate has been reduced by 2.8% as compared with the initial discharge flow rate. In a case where the edges are not chamfered, the edges are easily broken, and, in view of the foregoing, it is seen that the edges are broken with elapse of time, and thereby the sealability between the end surfaces of the gears and the end surfaces of the bushes is reduced and the leakage is increased.
Thus, according to the oil hydraulic pump of the Example, it is possible to obtain high volume efficiency and maintain it for a long time.
As described in detail above, in the oil hydraulic pump of the present embodiment, since only the acute-angle edge portions of the end surfaces of the tooth portions of the pair of helical gears are chamfered so that the intermediate parts thereof have a larger width of chamfering than those of the tooth tip parts and the tooth bottom parts, it is possible to increase the strength of the intermediate parts and prevent the intermediate parts from being broken. Further, such chamfering makes it possible to secure high volume efficiency equivalent to that of the conventional oil hydraulic device 1 and maintain the high volume efficiency for a long time, thereby improving the durability as compared with the conventional oil hydraulic device 1 and obtaining high reliability.
It is noted that, although, as described above, except for the fact that the edges of the end surfaces of the pair of helical gears 20, 23 are chamfered, the oil hydraulic device according to the present embodiment has the same configuration as that of the conventional oil hydraulic device 1 shown in
For example, although, in the above embodiment, the fluid-pressure apparatus according to the present invention was embodied as an oil hydraulic pump as an example, it is not limited thereto and may be an oil hydraulic motor, for example. Further, the operation fluid is not limited to the hydraulic oil, and coolant may be used as operation fluid, for example. In this case, the fluid-pressure apparatus according to the present invention is embodied as a coolant pump.
Further, the oil hydraulic device of the above embodiment has the configuration in which a pair of helical gears are used, the configuration thereof is not limited thereto and the oil hydraulic device may have a configuration in which a pair of spur gears are used. In this case, one or both of the edges of the end surfaces of the tooth portions can be chamfered.
Further, although the oil hydraulic device of the above embodiment has the configuration in which the buses 30, 32 are directly in contact with the gears 20, 23, it may have a configuration in which plate-shaped sliding members (for example, side plates) are respectively interposed between the bushes 30, 32 and the gears 20, 23. Furthermore, each of the bushes 30, 32 may be divided in two and both sides of the rotating shafts 21, 24 may be individually supported by the four bushes.
Further, a configuration may be employed in which a key groove is formed in the tapered portion of the rotating shaft 21 and a key is inserted in the key groove, and an appropriate rotary body is coupled to the tapered portion of the rotating shaft 21 by the key groove and the key.
Further, although, in the above embodiment, the intake port 5 and the discharge port 6 are bored as through holes in the body, the intake hole 5 and the discharge hole 6 may be anything as long as they lead to the hydraulic chamber 4. Therefore, the intake port 5 and the discharge port 6 may be formed in the body, the first flange 8 and/or the second flange 11 to form flow paths (an intake flow path and a discharge flow path) one ends of which lead to the hydraulic chamber 4 though an opening formed in the body 3 and the other ends of which lead to the outside through an opening formed in the first flange 8 and/or the second flange 11.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011-266732 | Dec 2011 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2012/070337 | 8/9/2012 | WO | 00 | 5/29/2014 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013/084542 | 6/13/2013 | WO | A |
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|---|---|---|---|
| 5350286 | Kisi | Sep 1994 | A |
| 7232298 | Sundstrom | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 8556609 | Morselli | Oct 2013 | B2 |
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| 0211127 | Feb 1987 | EP |
| 574364 | Jan 1946 | GB |
| 1584020 | Feb 1981 | GB |
| 51070504 | Jun 1976 | JP |
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| 2009098773 | Aug 2009 | WO |
| Entry |
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| Search Report for related European Application No. EP 12855423; report dated Jul. 7, 2015. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20140322060 A1 | Oct 2014 | US |
