FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
The present invention relates to a fluid rotary machine which can be applied to an internal-combustion engine, e.g., gas turbine engine, four-cycle engine, a hydraulic machine, e.g., air engine, pressure motor, etc.
BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGY
In a fluid rotary machine, e.g., air feeding pump, liquid feeding pump, a reciprocally-driving mechanism in which a fluid is repeatedly sucked and discharged by a reciprocal movement of a piston unit linked with a crank shaft rotating along with rotation of a main shaft has been employed. On the other hand, the applicant of the present application has proposed a modified fluid rotary machine in which a fluid is repeatedly sucked and discharged by linearly reciprocally moving double-headed piston units, which are mutually intersected and attached to a crank shaft with an eccentric cam, on the basis of the hypocycloid principle. Rotary valves, each of which switches between a fluid sucking action and a fluid discharging action for each of cylinder chambers, are disposed coaxially with the main shaft, and pipes connected to intake ports and discharge ports of each of the cylinder chambers are summarized, so that number of external pipes can be reduced and an installation area of the machine can be reduced (see Patent Document 1).
PRIOR ART DOCUMENT
Patent Document
Patent Document 1: WO2012/17820
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
In the above described fluid rotary machine, communication channels for connecting the rotary valves to the cylinder chambers must be formed in a case body which accommodates the double-headed piston units. If the communication channels are long, they will become dead spaces when switching between the fluid sucking action and the fluid discharging action, so there is a possibility of lowering output efficiency due to the fluid enclosed in the communication channels. Namely, a ratio of the dead spaces corresponding to the communication channels, with respect to a volume of the cylinder chambers, can be reduced by increasing diameters of the cylinders and rotary valves, i.e., enlarging the fluid rotary machine, but volumes of the dead spaces must be increased.
An object of the present invention is to provide a fluid rotary machine in which dead spaces can be reduced as much as possible even if the machine is enlarged by arranging rotary valves directly behind cylinder chambers.
Means for Solving the Problems
To achieve the above described object, the present invention has following structures.
A fluid rotary machine in which first and second double-headed pistons intersecting within a case body move linearly back and forth within cylinders due to the hypocycloid principle along with rotation of shafts and in which intake and exhaust cycles are repeated in chambers, wherein cylinder heads for closing the cylinder chambers are each provided with rotary valves which are rotated by drive transmission from the shafts and which are provided with intake holes and discharge holes alternately communicated with the cylinder chambers via communication channels, and the rotary valves intersect longitudinal axis of the opposing pistons and are capable of rotating parallel with output axil lines.
With the above described structure, the cylinder heads for closing the cylinder chambers are each provided with the rotary valves which are rotated by the drive transmission from the shafts and which are provided with the intake holes and the discharge holes alternately communicated with the cylinder chambers via the communication channels, so that the communication channels between the cylinder chambers and the rotary valves can be highly shortened, dead spaces can be reduced as much as possible and output efficiency can be increased.
Preferably, the communication channels, which are formed in the cylinder heads so as to communicate each of the cylinder chambers with the intake holes and the discharge holes of the rotary valves, are symmetrically formed with respect to a surface including an axis of the cylinder and an axis of the rotary valve.
With the above described structure, in case that the fluid rotary machine is an internal-combustion engine, side pressure applied to the rotary valves can be cancelled in the communication channels symmetrically formed when the double-headed pistons are lifted to top dead centers in an explosion cycle of the cylinder chambers. Therefore, interfering smooth rotation of the rotary valves can be prevented.
Preferably, projecting sections, which can enter the communication channels so as to reduce dead spaces, are formed in piston head sections.
With this structure, a fluid can be released by making the projecting sections enter the communication channels, which communicate the cylinder chambers with the rotary valves, so that the fluid can be released, the dead spaces can be further reduced and the output efficiency can be increased.
In case that, the rotary valves are rotated by a speed reduction mechanism, which reduces revolution numbers of the shafts and transmits rotations thereof, influence of viscous resistance of an oil, which is caused along with rotation of the rotary valves, can be reduce, and loss of output with respect to input can be reduced, so that the output efficiency can be improved.
Effects of the Invention
By employing the fluid rotary machine of the present invention, the fluid rotary machine, in which the dead spaces can be reduced as much as possible even if the machine is enlarged by arranging the rotary valves directly behind the cylinder chambers, can be provided.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGS. 1A-1G are a front view, a plan view, a bottom view, a left side view, a right side view, a rear view and a perspective view of a four-cycle engine.
FIG. 2 It is a vertical sectional view of the engine taken along a line P-P of FIGS. 1A-1G.
FIG. 3 It is a vertical sectional view of a turbine taken along the line P-P corresponding to FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 It is an exploded perspective view of double-headed piston units.
FIG. 5 It is an exploded perspective view of the fluid rotary machine.
FIG. 6 It is an exploded perspective view of the four-cycle engine.
FIGS. 7A-7E are a front view, a plan view, a right side view, a vertical sectional view taken along a line Q-Q and a perspective view of a rotary valve.
FIGS. 8A-8G are a front view, a plan view, a right side view, a rear view, a vertical sectional view taken along a line R-R, a sectional view taken along a line S-S and a perspective view of a cylinder head section.
FIGS. 9A-9C are a table which shows switching timing of the rotary valves for engine, an explanation view in which the first and second piston units are replaced with first to fourth pistons for easy explanation, and a sectional view of combustion chambers formed by the first to fourth pistons.
FIG. 10 It includes explanation views showing relationships between open-close actions of the rotary valve for the engine and positions of the piston.
FIG. 11 It includes explanation views showing relationships between open-close actions of the rotary valve for a turbine and sucking-discharging cycles.
FIGS. 12A-12G are a front view, a plan view, a left side view, a vertical sectional view taken along a line T-T, a rear view, a sectional view taken along a line U-U and a perspective view of another cylinder head section.
FIG. 13 It includes explanation views of the rotary valve showing relationships between open-close actions of the rotary valve which is used for the turbine and which has the cylinder head section of FIGS. 12A-12G, the sucking-discharging cycles and speed reduction ratios.
EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Firstly, an example of the fluid rotary machine, e.g., four-cycle engine, turbine, will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1A-1G, 2-6, 7A-7E, 8A-8G, 9A-9C, 10, 11, 12A-12G and 13. The four-cycle engine may be an ordinary ignition gasoline engine, a four-cycle diesel engine, an air engine, etc. Note that, other mechanisms or units having no relevance to the characteristic points of the engine, e.g., fuel injector, gas-liquid mixer (carburetor), muffler, heat radiator (cooling fins, cooling unit using a cooling liquid, cooling unit having a fan, etc.), lubrication unit (including engine oil), are not shown in the drawings.
As a premise, in the four-cycle engine to be explained below, a first crank shaft is rotated, about an output shaft (shaft), along a circle having a radius of r by rotating the shaft, and an eccentric cam, which is formed into a cylindrical shape, relatively rotates about the first crank shaft. At this time, double-headed piston units, which intersect with each other and which are attached to the eccentric cam, are linearly reciprocally moved in a radial direction of a concentric circle (a rolling circle) having a radius of 2r along a rotation track (a hypocycloid track) having a radius of r, which is centered at a second virtual crank shaft of the eccentric cam fitted to the first crank shaft, so the engine is operated on the basis of the above described principle.
In the following description, a virtual crank arm need not be an independent element, and a part which structurally acts as a crank arm is regarded as the virtual crank arm. Further, even if a crank arm is omitted, a mechanism acting as a crank arm is regarded as the virtual crank arm. A crank shaft whose rotational axis is virtually existed is regarded as a virtual crank shaft even if no mechanical crank shaft exists. A piston unit is a unit in which a seal cup, a seal cup holder and a sealing member, e.g., piston ring, are integrally attached to a piston head section of a piston.
In FIG. 2, a shaft 4 (constituted by output shafts 4a and 4b) is rotatably held by a case body 3 (see FIG. 1G), which is constituted by a first case body 1 and a second case body 2. As shown in FIG. 5, the first case body 1 and the second case body 2 are integrated by coinciding screw holes 1a and 2a, which are formed at four corners, with each other and screwing bolts 3a with the screw holes 1a and 2a. As shown in FIG. 2, a cylindrical eccentric cam 6, which is capable of relatively rotating about a first crank shaft 5, and a first double-headed piston unit 7 and a second double-headed piston unit 8, which are intersected with each other and which are attached to the eccentric cam 6 with bearings, are accommodated in the case body 3 and capable of relatively rotating. The structure will be concretely explained below.
In FIG. 2, the first crank shaft 5 is eccentrically attached with respect to an axis of the shaft 4 (constituted by the output shafts 4a and 4b). In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the output shaft 4a and one end of the first crank shaft 5 are respectively fitted into a through-hole 9a of a first balance weight 9 from opposite sides. A pin hole 5a, which is formed in the one end of the first crank shaft 5, and a pin hole 9b (see FIG. 4) of the first balance weight 9 are coincided with each other, and then a pin 9c is fitted into the pin holes 9b and 5a. Then, a through-hole 9d, which is formed in a direction perpendicular to the pin 9c, and a screw hole 4c of the output shaft 4a are coincided with each other, and a bolt 9e is fitted thereinto until contacting the first crank shaft 5, so that the first crank shaft 5, the first balance weight 9 and the output shaft 4a can be integrated. Similarly, the output shaft 4b and the other end of the first crank shaft 5 are respectively fitted into a through-hole 10a of a second balance weight 10 from opposite sides. A pin hole 5b, which is formed in the other end of the first crank shaft 5, and a pin hole 10b (see FIG. 4) of the second balance weight 10 are coincided with each other, and then a pin 10c is fitted into the pin holes 10b and 5b. Then, a through-hole 10d, which is formed in a direction perpendicular to the pin 10c, and a screw hole 4d of the output shaft 4b are coincided with each other, and a bolt 10e is fitted thereinto until contacting the first crank shaft 5, so that the first crank shaft 5, the second balance weight 10 and the output shaft 4b can be integrated. Note that, the first and second balance weights 9 and 10 and the output shafts 4a and 4b may be integrally formed.
In FIG. 2, the output shaft 4a connected to the first balance weight 9 is rotatably held, in the first case body 1, by a first bearing 11a, and the output shaft 4b connected to the second balance weight 10 is rotatably held, in the second case body 2, by a first bearing 11b. The first and second balance weights 9 and 10 are attached around the output shafts 4a and 4b so as to produce a mass balance of rotatable members, including the first crank shaft 5 and the eccentric cam 6, around the output shafts 4a and 4b.
The eccentric cam 6, which is formed into a hollow cylindrical shape, has a cylindrical hole 6a, through which the first crank shaft 5 acting as a rotational axis is pierced, and eccentric cylindrical parts 6b, which are respectively extended from the axial both sides of the eccentric cam, are eccentrically disposed with respect to an axial line of the cylindrical hole 6a. The axial lines of the cylindrical parts 6b are coincided with second virtual crank shafts, which are eccentrically disposed with respect to the axial line of the first crank shaft 5. In the present embodiment, number of the intersecting first and second double-headed piston units 7 and 8 is two, so the second virtual crank shafts are formed at positions whose phases are respectively shifted by 180 degrees with respect to the first crank shaft 5 as the center.
For example, the eccentric cam 6 is composed of a metal material, e.g., stainless steel, and integrally formed by MIM (Metal Injection Molding) manner.
A pair of bearing holders 12a and 12b are press-fitted into the cylindrical parts 6a of the eccentric cam 6 from the both sides or adhered to hole-walls of the cylindrical parts. The pair of bearing holders 12a and 12b respectively have bearing holding parts 12c and 12d, which are capable of respectively holding second bearings 13a and 13b whose diameter is greater than at least that of the cylindrical hole 6a. The bearing holders 12a and 12b are fitted into the cylindrical hole 6a from the both sides. The bearing holders 12a and 12b rotatably hold the eccentric cam 6 with the second bearings 13a and 13b and allow the same to relatively rotate with respect to the first crank shaft 5. A washer 13c is provided between the second bearing 13a and the first balance weight 9, and a washer 13d is provided between the second bearing 13b and the second balance weight 10. The first crank shaft 5 acts as a rotational center of the eccentric cam 6.
Third bearings 14a and 14b are respectively attached to outer peripheries of the pair of cylindrical parts 6b, which are eccentrically disposed with respect to the axial line of the cylindrical hole 6a and which are formed on the axial both sides. The first and second double-headed piston units 7 and 8 are overlapped and perpendicularly intersected (crisscrossed) with respect to the axial lines of the second virtual crank shafts, and the piston units are attached to the eccentric cam 6, with the third bearings 14a and 14b, in the intersecting state and capable of relatively rotating with respect to the eccentric cam.
In the above described structure, the eccentric cam 6 and the first and second double-headed piston units 7 and 8 can be compactly assembled, in the axial direction and the radial direction, around the first crank shaft 5 by making a length of second virtual crank arms respectively connecting the second virtual crank shafts (the axes of the cylindrical parts 6b) to the first crank shaft 5 equal to the rotational radius of r.
In the first and second double-headed piston units 7 and 8 shown in FIG. 2, piston head sections 7b and 8b (not shown) are respectively erected from both longitudinal ends of piston main body sections 7a and 8a. Piston rings 7c and 8c (not shown), which act as circular sealing members, and ring pressers 7d and 8d (see FIG. 4) are attached to the piston head sections 7b and 8b by bolts 15. The piston main body sections 7a and 8a are composed of a metal material (e.g., aluminum), and it is preferable to perform surface treatment (e.g., coating with an anodic oxide film) so as to improve corrosion resistance. The piston head sections 7b and 8b slide on inner wall surfaces of cylinders 16 (see FIG. 2), through the piston rings 7c and 8c covering outer circumferential surfaces, with keeping sealability. A plurality of projecting sections 7e and 8e described later are formed in the ring pressers 7d and 8d (see FIG. 4).
As shown in FIG. 5, the cylinders 16 are attached to side opening parts (four opening parts) of the case body 3, and opening parts of the cylinders are respectively closed by cylinder head sections 17. The cylinders 16 and the cylinder head sections 17 are fixed to the case body 3 by fixing bolts 18. Recessed grooves 16a are formed near edges of the opening parts of the cylinders 16. Circular seal rings 16b are respectively fitted in the recessed grooves 16a. The fixing bolts 18 are inserted into through-holes 17d of the cylinder heads 17 and screwed with screw holes lb and 2b, so that the cylinder head sections 17 and the cylinders 16 are respectively integrally attached to the four side surfaces of the case body 3.
In FIG. 5, rotary valves 19, which are rotated by drive transmission from the shaft 4 (the output shafts 4a and 4b), are provided in the cylinder head sections 17, which respectively close the opening parts of the cylinders 16, and the rotary valves intersect longitudinal axes of the double-headed piston units 7 and 8 and are capable of rotating parallel with the output shafts 4a and 4b. Valve through-holes 17a, which are parallel with the shaft 4 (the output shafts 4a and 4b), are formed in the cylinder head sections 17. The rotary valves 19, each of which is formed like a cylindrical body, are rotatably pierced through the valve through-holes 17a. Further, as shown in FIG. 7A, two intake holes 19a and two discharge holes 19b are formed in an outer circumferential surface of the rotary valve 19 and arranged in the longitudinal direction thereof. An intake channel 19c communicated with the intake holes 19a and a discharge channel 19d communicated with the discharge holes 19b are formed in the rotary valve 19 and partitioned from each other (see FIG. 7D).
In case of an engine, an explosion cycle (a burning process) is performed in cylinder chambers, so there is a possibility of deforming the rotary valves 19 due to temperature change and pressure change. If the rotary valves 19 are deformed, their smooth rotation are interfered. Thus, as shown in FIGS. 7A-7E, a plurality of pairs of arc-shaped slits 19e, whose arc angles are less than 180 degrees and whose phases are mutually shifted (e.g., shifted by 90 degrees), are formed in the rotary valve 19 and arranged in the longitudinal direction thereof. With this structure, even if thermal expansion difference occurs in the rotary valve 19 or side pressure is applied thereto, stress can be absorbed by the pairs of slits 19e arranged in the longitudinal direction, so that the rotation of the rotary valve 19 is not interfered. Further, oil grooves 19f (see FIGS. 2 and 3) for storing a lubrication oil may be circularly formed in the outer circumferential surface of the rotary valve 19 so as to smoothly rotate in the valve through-hole 17a. The oil grooves may be formed in an inner wall of the valve through-hole 17a.
In FIGS. 8A-8G, intake communication channels 20a, which communicate each of the cylinder chambers with the intake holes 19a of the rotary valve 19, and discharge communication channels 20b, which communicate each of the cylinder chambers with the discharge holes 19b of the rotary valve, are formed in a surface of the cylinder head section 17, which faces the opening part of the cylinder 16 (see FIGS. 8D and 8E). Shapes of the intake communication channels 20a and the discharge communication channels 20b are respectively symmetrically formed with respect to a reference surface M including the axis of the cylinder 16 and the axis of the rotary valve 19 perpendicularly intersecting the axis of the cylinder (see FIG. 8F). In case that the fluid rotary machine is an internal-combustion engine, a fluid pressure (gas pressure) is applied to the rotary valves 19 as side pressure when the first and second double-headed piston units 7 and 8 are lifted to top dead centers by performing the explosion cycle in burning chambers (cylinder chambers). The intake communication channels 20a and the discharge communication channels 20b, which are symmetrically formed with respect to the reference surface M, are capable of cancelling the side pressure. Therefore, the smooth rotations of the rotary valves 19 never interfered. Intersecting side holes, which communicate the valve through-holes 17a with the intake communication channels 20a and the discharge communication channels 20b, are closed by fitting screws 21 into holes 17b after forming the holes 17b in the cylinder head section 17 and forming the intake communication channels 20a or the discharge communication channels 20b. A part of the holes 17b will be used for attaching ignition plugs 23 (see FIGS. 1A and 1D-1G).
In FIG. 5, four burning chambers (cylinder chambers) 22 are enclosed by the first piston head sections 7b, the second piston sections 8b, the cylinders 16 and the cylinder head sections 17. In each of the cylinder head sections 17, the intake communication channels 20a and the discharge communication channels 20b, which are communicated with the burning chamber 22, are formed. The ignition plug (or a glow plug) 23 is provided to a center part of each of the cylinder head sections 17 and corresponds to each of the burning chambers 22. An explosion cycle is performed by igniting the ignition plug 23 when the burning chamber 22 is filled with combustion air (e.g., mixed gas, gas-liquid mixed gas).
Preferably, the projecting sections 7e and 8e, which can enter the intake communication channels 20a and the discharge communication channels 20b so as to reduce dead spaces, are formed in the ring pressers 7d and 8d, which are attached to the first piston head sections 7b and the second piston head sections 8b.
In FIG. 2, a speed reduction mechanism 24 for reducing a rotational speed and transmitting the reduced rotation to the output shaft 4b is provided to the rotary valve 19. The mechanism will be concretely explained.
a first gear 24a is integrated with the output shaft 4a and capable of rotating together. An idler gear 24b is engaged with the first gear 24a. The first idler gear 24b is attached by a holding pin 25 fitted to the second case body 2 and capable of being rotated about the holding pin 25. The first idler gear 24b is a stepped gear, and a first large diameter gear 24b1 is engaged with the first gear 24a. A first small diameter gear 24b2 is engaged with a second idler gear 24c provided to the output shaft 4b. The second idler gear 24c is a stepped gear, and a second small diameter gear 24c1 is engaged with the first small diameter gear 24b2. A second large diameter gear 24c2 of the second idler gear 24c is engaged with a valve gear 26, which is integrated with one end part (on a discharge side) of the rotary valve 19. The second idler gear 24c is rotatably attached to the output shaft 4b with a bearing 24d. The bearing 24d is attached by a nut 24f, which is screwed with the end of the output shaft 4b with a washer 24e, so that an axial position of the bearing can be defined and fixed there. The valve gear 26 is integrated by screwing a nut 27 with a screw section formed in an outer circumference of the rotary valve 19.
In FIG. 2, the speed reduction mechanism 24 is accommodated in a storage space, which is located in a lower part of the case body 3 and formed between the cylinder head section 17 and a base section 29 on the discharge side by a spacer 28. Through-holes 29a, through which one ends (on the discharge side) of the rotary valves 19 are pierced, are formed at four corners of the base section 29. The base section 29 is stacked on a shielding member 30. Through-holes 30a (see FIG. 6), through which the one ends (on the discharge side) of the rotary valves 19 are pierced, are formed at four corners of the shielding member 30. Note that, slide seal rings 31 are provided between the base section 29 on the discharge side and the shielding member 30, and the slide seal rings are respectively fitted on the outer circumferences of the rotary valves 19.
A lid 32 on an exhaust side is attached on the shielding member 30. An exhaust channel 32a, which is communicated with exhaust side ends (exhaust channels 19d) of the rotary valves 19, are formed in the lid 32. The exhaust channel 32a is circularly formed so as to communicate with the exhaust channels 19d of the rotary valves 19 provided to the four corners. The exhaust channel 32a is communicated with an exhaust port 32b of the lid 32 so as to exhaust air (see FIGS. 1A, 1C and 1D). Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the shielding member 30 is stacked on the lid 32 with a circular sealing member 33, which encloses the exhaust channel 32a, so that the exhaust channel 32a is air-tightly closed. As shown in FIG. 2, the shielding member 30 and the lid 32 are integrally attached to the base section 29 by bolts 34. The lid 32, the shielding member 30, the base section 29 and the spacer 28 are integrated by inserting fixing bolts 35 into their through-holes and screwing the fixing bolts with screw holes 17g of the cylinder head sections 17 (see FIGS. 8A-8G).
A base section 36 on an intake side and a lid 37 on the intake side are stacked and attached on the case body 3. Through-holes 36a, through which the other ends (on the intake side) of the rotary valves 19 are pierced, are formed at four corners of the base section 36. A sealing member 38 is fitted in a circular groove 36b. The other ends of the rotary valves 19 are inserted into the through-holes 36a and rotatably held by valve bearings 39. The valve bearings 39 are fitted on the outer circumferences of the rotary valves 19 and integrated by screwing nuts 40 with screw sections formed in the outer circumferences of the rotary valves 19. The valve bearings 39 are held, with clearances in the axial direction and the radial direction, by the base section 36 (the clearances are formed so as to receive axial loads of the rotary valves 19). An intake channel 37a, which is communicated with the intake side ends (intake channels 19c) of the rotary valves 19, are formed in the lid 37.
The intake channel 37a is circularly formed so as to communicate with the intake channels 19c of the rotary valves 19 provided to the four corners. The intake channel 37a is communicated with an intake port 37b of the lid 37 so as to suck air (see FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1D and 1G).
Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the lid 37 is stacked on the base section 36 with a circular sealing member 38, which encloses the intake channel 37a, so that the intake channel 37a is air-tightly closed. As shown in FIG. 2, the lid 37 is integrally attached to the base section 36 by bolts 41, eight of which are provided in an inner circumference part and four of which are provided in an outer circumference part. The base section 36 is integrally attached to the cylinder head sections 17 by screwing bolts 42 with screw holes 17e (see FIGS. 8A-8G) of the cylinder head sections. Further, the lid 37 and the base section 36 are integrated by inserting eight fixing bolts 43 (see FIG. 6), which are provided to four corners, into their through-holes and screwing the fixing bolts with screw holes 17f (see FIGS. 8A-8G) of the cylinder head sections 17.
In FIG. 2, by rotating the rotary valves 19 in a prescribed direction, the first gear 24a is rotated through the second idler gear 24c and the first idler gear 24b, and the output shaft 4b is rotated in the opposite direction at a reduced speed. A reduction ratio of the speed reduction mechanism 24 may be optionally set, but, in case of the fluid rotary machine for the engine shown in FIG. 2, the reduction ratio is set, for example, 1/4. In case of the fluid rotary machine for the turbine shown in FIG. 3, the reduction ratio is set, for example, 1/2.
Note that, in case of the fluid rotary machine for the turbine shown in FIG. 3, the structure of the rotary machine is similar to that of the fluid rotary machine shown in FIG. 2, so details of the structure are omitted, but timings of switching between the fluid sucking action and the fluid discharging action are different.
Successively, a structure of the four-cycle engine will be explained with reference to FIGS. 4-6.
Firstly, assembling the first and second double-headed piston units 7 and 8 to the eccentric cam 6 will be explained with reference to FIG. 4. The first crank shaft 5 is inserted into the cylindrical hole 6a, the third bearings 14a and 14b are respectively fitted to the outer circumferences of the eccentric cylindrical parts 6b, and then the first and second double-headed piston units 7 and 8 are respectively fitted to the outer circumferences of the third bearings. In the first and second double-headed piston units 7 and 8, the piston rings 7c and 8c are fitted to the outer circumferences of the piston head sections 7b and 8b, which are provided to both ends of the piston main body sections 7a and 8a, and the ring pressers 7d and 8d having the projecting sections 7e and 8e are integrally attached by the bolts 15.
After attaching the first and second double-headed piston units 7 and 8 to the eccentric cam 6, the bearing holders 12a and 12b, which hold the second bearings 13a and 13b, are press-fitted into the bearing holders 12c and 12d from the axial both sides of the first crank shaft 5. The first and second balance weights 9 and 10 and the output shafts 4a and 4b are integrally attached to the both ends of the first crank shaft 5 with the washers 13c and 13d. Further, washers 11c and 11d are fitted to the output shafts 4a and 4b (see FIG. 4).
As shown in FIG. 5, a rotational body, in which the first and second double-headed piston units 7 and 8 are attached to the eccentric cam 6, is accommodated in the first case body 1 and the second case body 2. The first bearing 11a is fitted to the output shaft 4a with the washer 11c and rotatably held by the first case body 1. Further, the first bearing 11b is fitted to the output shaft 4b with the washer 11d and rotatably held by the second case body 2. The cylinders 16 are respectively clamped in the four side surfaces of the first and second case bodies 1 and 2, the piston head sections 7b and 8b are inserted thereinto, and the cylinder head sections 17 are respectively attached to the cylinders 6. The screwing bolts 3a are inserted from the four corners of the first case body 1 and screwed with the second case body 2, so that the rotary cylinder unit is accommodated in the case body 3.
In FIG. 6, an intake unit is attached to the output shaft 4a of the rotary cylinder unit, and an exhaust unit is attached to the output shaft 4b thereof.
The intake unit is attached to the first case body 1. The base section 36 is integrally attached to the first case body 1 by screwing the screwing bolts 42 with the screw holes 17e of the cylinder head sections 17. The valve bearings 39 are respectively fitted to the outer circumferences of the four rotary valves 19, and the valve bearings are respectively inserted into the valve through-holes 17a of the cylinder head sections 17 by screwing the nuts 40. The lid 37 is integrally attached to the base section 36 by the bolts 41. Further, they are integrally attached to the cylinder head sections 17 by inserting the fixing bolts 43 into through-holes, which passing through the lid 37 and the base section 36, and screwing the same with the screw holes 17f.
The exhaust unit is attached to the second case body 2. The speed reduction mechanism 24 is attached to the second case body 2. The first gear 24a is attached to the output shaft 4b, and the first idler gear 24b, which is engaged with the first gear, is attached by the holding pin 25. The second idler gear 24c is attached to the output shaft 4b with the bearing 24d, the nut 24f is screwed with the washer 24e, and the four valve gears 26, which are engaged with the second idler gear, are respectively fitted to the outer circumferences of the rotary valves 19 and fixed by the nuts 27. Actually, the speed reduction mechanism 24 is attached with confirming origin positions, i.e., the top dead centers of the pistons.
Further, the exhaust unit is attached to cover the speed reduction mechanism 24. The spacer 28 is attached by inserting the rotary valves 19 into four through-holes 28a, matching positions of the cylinder head sections 17 and screw holes not shown, and screwing bolts 28b. The base section 29 is integrally attached to the spacer 28 by bolts 29b (see FIG. 6). Further, the shielding member 30 and the lid 32 are integrally attached to the base section 29 by the bolts 34. Finally, the spacer 28, the base section 29, the shielding member 30 and the lid 32 are integrally attached to the second case body 2 (the cylinder head sections 17), in the stacked state, by inserting the fixing bolts 35 into the through-holes and screwing the same with the screw holes 17g of the cylinder head sections 17.
In the four-cycle engine having the above described structure, the rotary valves 19, which are respectively provided to the cylinder head sections 17 located at the four positions of the case body 3 to close the cylinder chambers (the burning chambers 22), are respectively rotated along with the rotation of the shaft (the output shaft) 4, an intake cycle is repeatedly performed with communicating the intake holes 19a of the rotary valves 19 with the burning chambers 22 within a range where the intake holes overlap the intake channel 19c, and an exhaust cycle is repeatedly performed with communicating the discharge holes 19b of the rotary valves 19 with the burning chambers 22 within a range where the discharge holes overlap the discharge channel 19d. Therefore, the intake cycle and the exhaust cycle can be performed by the small and simple valve mechanism in which the structural parts of the engine are rotated about the output shaft 4, further, reducing vibration and noise can be realized by the rotation based on the hypocycloid principle, so that the four-cycle engine having high output efficiency can be provided. Further, in comparison with the conventional reciprocating engine, mechanical loss caused by reciprocating movements of the piston head sections 7b and 8b can be prevented in the first and second double-headed piston units 7 and 8 by reducing rotational vibration, so that energy conversion efficiency can be improved and a vibrationproof structure can be simplified.
An example of the burning process of the four-cycle engine will be explained with reference to FIGS. 9A-9C. FIG. 9A shows the burning process (i.e., intake, compression, explosion and exhaust cycles) corresponding to positions of the first to fourth pistons in the four burning chambers 22a-22d. FIG. 9B is an explanation view in which the first and second double-headed piston units 7 and 8, which are intersected with each other, are replaced with the first to fourth pistons. In FIG. 9B, the first piston is in the middle of moving from a top dead center to an intermediate position, and the third piston is in the middle of moving from a bottom dead center to an intermediate position. The second piston is in the middle of moving from an intermediate position to a bottom dead center, and the fourth piston is in the middle of moving from an intermediate position to a top dead center. FIG. 9C is a sectional view showing the burning chambers 22a-22d formed by the first to fourth pistons.
In FIG. 9A, the first to fourth pistons correspond to the first and second double-headed piston units 7 and 8 which are intersected with each other, and they are named to easily explain the burning process in the four burning chambers 22a-22d shown in FIG. 9C. Further, as shown in FIG. 10, each of the intake holes 19a and each of the discharge holes 19b are oppositely formed with a phase difference of 180 degrees around the rotary valve 19, and the intake holes 19a and the discharge holes 19b, which are arranged in the longitudinal direction, are shifted, in the circumferential direction, with a phase difference of 45 degrees.
In FIG. 9A, a rotational angle of the output shaft 4 is zero (i.e., a rotational angle of the rotary valves 29 is zero). In this state, the burning process in the first burning chamber 22a is being switched from the compression cycle to the explosion cycle, the exhaust cycle is performed in the second burning chamber 22b, the burning process in the third burning chamber 22c is being switched from the intake cycle to the compression cycle, and the explosion cycle is performed in the fourth burning chamber 22d.
When the rotational angle of the output shaft 4 reaches 90 degrees, the explosion cycle is performed in the first burning chamber 22a, the burning process in the second burning chamber 22b is being switched from the exhaust cycle to the intake cycle, the compression cycle is performed in the third burning chamber 22c, and the burning process in the fourth burning chamber 22d is being switched from the explosion cycle to the exhaust cycle.
When the rotational angle of the output shaft 4 reaches 180 degrees, the burning process in the first burning chamber 22a is being switched from the explosion cycle to the exhaust cycle, the intake cycle is performed in the second burning chamber 22b, the burning process in the third burning chamber 22c is being switched from the compression cycle to the explosion cycle, and the exhaust cycle is performed in the fourth burning chamber 22d.
When the rotational angle of the output shaft 4 reaches 180 degrees, the burning process in the first burning chamber 22a is being switched from the explosion cycle to the exhaust cycle, the intake cycle is performed in the second burning chamber 22b, the burning process in the third burning chamber 22c is being switched from the compression cycle to the explosion cycle, and the exhaust cycle is performed in the fourth burning chamber 22d.
When the rotational angle of the output shaft 4 reaches 270 degrees, the exhaust cycle is performed in the first burning chamber 22a, the burning process in the second burning chamber 22b is being switched from the intake cycle to the compression cycle, the explosion cycle is performed in the third burning chamber 22c, and the burning process in the fourth burning chamber 22d is being switched from the exhaust cycle to the intake cycle.
When the rotational angle of the output shaft 4 reaches 360 degrees, the burning process in the first burning chamber 22a is being switched from the exhaust cycle to the intake cycle, the compression cycle is performed in the second burning chamber 22b, the burning process in the third burning chamber 22c is being switched from the explosion cycle to the exhaust cycle, and the intake cycle is performed in the fourth burning chamber 22d.
When the rotational angle of the output shaft 4 reaches 450 degrees, the intake cycle is performed in the first burning chamber 22a, the burning process in the second burning chamber 22b is being switched from the compression cycle to the explosion cycle, the exhaust cycle is performed in the third burning chamber 22c, and the burning process in the fourth burning chamber 22d is being switched from the intake cycle to the compression cycle.
When the rotational angle of the output shaft 4 reaches 540 degrees, the burning process in the first burning chamber 22a is being switched from the intake cycle to the compression cycle, the explosion cycle is performed in the second burning chamber 22b, the burning process in the third burning chamber 22c is being switched from the exhaust cycle to the intake cycle, and the compression cycle is performed in the fourth burning chamber 22d.
When the rotational angle of the output shaft 4 reaches 630 degrees, the compression cycle is performed in the first burning chamber 22a, the burning process in the second burning chamber 22b is being switched from the explosion cycle to the exhaust cycle, the intake cycle is performed in the third burning chamber 22c, and the burning process in the fourth burning chamber 22d is being switched from the compression cycle to the explosion cycle.
Then, when the rotational angle of the output shaft 4 reaches 720 degrees (i.e., rotating two times), the rotational angle returns to zero. Then, the above described process is repeatedly performed.
FIGS. 10-1 to 10-8 are explanation views showing relationships between open-close actions of the rotary valve for the engine and positions of the piston. In FIGS. 10-1 to 10-8, the output shaft is rotated from 0 to 630 degrees (i.e., the rotary valve is rotated from 0 to −157.5 degrees), and the shaft shown in each of the drawings is rotated 90 degrees (i.e., the valve is rotated 22.5 degrees). The rotational direction of the rotary valve 19 is an opposite direction (e.g., counterclockwise direction (the angle is indicated with the minus-sign)) of that of the shaft 4 (e.g., clockwise direction). Any of the pistons may be used for explanation, but, in relation with FIG. 9A, the positional relationships of the second piston (i.e., one side of the second double-headed piston unit 8) are shown. The intake communication channel 20a formed in the cylinder head section 17 is shown in upper parts, and the discharge communication channel 20b is shown in lower parts. Note that, in case of the engine, the speed reduction mechanism 24 reduces a rotational speed of the rotary valve 19 to 1/4 of the output shaft 4.
FIGS. 10-1 and 10-2 show the intake cycle. In FIG. 10-1, the rotational angle of the output shaft is zero, and the rotational angle of the rotary valve 19 is zero. The intake holes 19a of the rotary valve 19 are not communicated with the intake communication channel 20a, and the discharge holes 19b are not communicated with the discharge communication channel 20b. The second piston is located at the top dead center, and the burning process is being switched from the exhaust cycle to the intake cycle.
The projecting section 8e formed in the ring presser 8d of the second piston enters the discharge communication channel 20b so as to minimize a dead space.
In FIG. 10-2, the rotational angle of the output shaft is 90 degrees, and the rotational angle of the rotary valve 19 is −22.5 degrees. The intake holes 19a of the rotary valve 19 are communicated with the intake communication channel 20a, and the discharge holes 19b are not communicated with the discharge communication channel 20b. The second piston is moved from the top dead center to the bottom dead center, and the intake cycle is performed in the burning chamber 22b through the intake holes 19a and the intake communication channel 20a. With the movement of the second piston, the projecting section 8e of the ring presser 8d starts to move away from the discharge communication channel 20b.
FIGS. 10-3 and 10-4 show the compression cycle. In FIG. 10-3, the rotational angle of the output shaft is 180 degrees, and the rotational angle of the rotary valve 19 is −45 degrees. The intake holes 19a of the rotary valve 19 are not communicated with the intake communication channel 20a, and the discharge holes 19b are not communicated with the discharge communication channel 20b. The second piston is located at the bottom dead center, and the burning process is being switched from the intake cycle to the compression cycle. The projecting section 8e of the ring presser 8d of the second piston is nearly evacuated from the discharge communication channel 20b.
In FIG. 10-4, the rotational angle of the output shaft is 270 degrees, and the rotational angle of the rotary valve 19 is −67.5 degrees. The intake holes 19a of the rotary valve 19 are not communicated with the intake communication channel 20a, and the discharge holes 19b are not communicated with the discharge communication channel 20b. The second piston is moved from the bottom dead center to an intermediate position, and the gas (e.g., gas-liquid mixed gas) is compressed in the burning chamber 22b. With the movement of the second piston, the projecting section 8e of the ring presser 8d of the second piston starts to enter the discharge communication channel 20b.
FIGS. 10-5 and 10-6 show the explosion cycle. In FIG. 10-5, the rotational angle of the output shaft is 360 degrees, and the rotational angle of the rotary valve 19 is −90 degrees. The intake holes 19a of the rotary valve 19 are not communicated with the intake communication channel 20a, and the discharge holes 19b are not communicated with the discharge communication channel 20b. The second piston is located at the top dead center, and the burning process is being switched from the compression cycle to the explosion cycle. The projecting section 8e of the ring presser 8d of the second piston is in the discharge communication channel 20b.
In FIG. 10-6, the rotational angle of the output shaft is 450 degrees, and the rotational angle of the rotary valve 19 is −112.5 degrees. The intake holes 19a of the rotary valve 19 are not communicated with the intake communication channel 20a, and the discharge holes 19b are not communicated with the discharge communication channel 20b. The compressed gas in the burning chamber 22b is exploded by igniting the ignition plug 23 (see FIGS. 1A-1G), so the second piston is moved from the top dead center to the bottom dead center. At this moment, side pressure generated by the explosion is applied to the rotary valve 19, but the intake communication channel 20a and the discharge communication channel 20b are respectively symmetrically formed with respect to the surface including the axis of the cylinder 16 and the axis of the rotary valve 19 which perpendicularly intersects the axis of the cylinder, so that the side pressure can be cancelled and the smooth rotation of the rotary valve 19 can be secured. The projecting section 8e of the ring presser 8d of the second piston is evacuated from the discharge communication channel 20b.
FIGS. 10-7 and 10-8 show the exhaust cycle. In FIG. 10-7, the rotational angle of the output shaft is 540 degrees, and the rotational angle of the rotary valve 19 is −135 degrees. The intake holes 19a of the rotary valve 19 are not communicated with the intake communication channel 20a, and the discharge holes 19b are not communicated with the discharge communication channel 20b. The second piston is located at the bottom dead center, and the burning process is being switched from the explosion cycle to the exhaust cycle. The projecting section 8e of the ring presser 8d of the second piston is nearly evacuated from the discharge communication channel 20b.
In FIG. 10-8, the rotational angle of the output shaft is 630 degrees, and the rotational angle of the rotary valve 19 is −157.5 degrees. The intake holes 19a of the rotary valve 19 are not communicated with the intake communication channel 20a, and the discharge holes 19b are communicated with the discharge communication channel 20b. The second piston is moved from the bottom dead center to the top dead center, so the burning gas exhausted from the burning chamber 22b via the discharge communication channel 20b and the discharge holes 19b. The projecting section 8e of the ring presser 8d of the second piston enters the discharge communication channel 20b.
When the rotational angle of the output shaft is 720 degrees, and the rotational angle of the rotary valve 19 is −180 degrees, the state of the engine is returned to the state shown in FIG. 10-1. Then, the above described process is repeatedly performed.
As described above, the communication channels between the burning chambers 22 and the rotary valves 19 are very short, and the projecting sections 8e, which enter the intake communication channels 20a and the discharge communication channels 20b so as to reduce dead spaces, are formed in the ring pressers 8d, so that a fluid can be released when switching the burning process, i.e., the intake cycle, the compression cycle, the explosion cycle and the exhaust cycle, and the dead spaces can be highly reduced.
Successively, FIGS. 11-1 to 11-4 are explanation views showing relationships between open-close actions of the rotary valve for the turbine and positions of the piston. In FIGS. 11-1 to 11-4, the output shaft is rotated from 0 to 270 degrees (i.e., the rotary valve is rotated from 0 to −135 degrees), and the shaft shown in each of the drawings is rotated 90 degrees (i.e., the valve is rotated 45 degrees). The rotational direction of the rotary valve 19 is an opposite direction (e.g., counterclockwise direction (the angle is indicated with the minus-sign)) of that of the shaft 4 (e.g., clockwise direction). Each of the intake holes 19a are oppositely formed with a phase difference of 180 degrees around the rotary valve 19, and each of the discharge holes 19b are also oppositely formed with a phase difference of 180 degrees around the rotary valve 19. The intake holes 19a and the discharge holes 19b, which are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the rotary valve 19, are shifted, in the circumferential direction, with a phase difference of 90 degrees. The intake communication channel 20a formed in the cylinder head section 17 is shown in upper parts, and the discharge communication channel 20b is shown in lower parts. Any of the pistons may be used for explanation, but the positional relationships of the second piston (i.e., the one side of the second double-headed piston unit 8) are shown as well as the above described engine. In FIG. 10, the inside of the cylinder 16 is explained as the burning chamber, but, in FIG. 11, it will be explained as a cylinder chamber 22. Note that, the speed reduction mechanism 24 reduces a rotational speed of the rotary valve 19 to 1/2 of the output shaft 4.
FIGS. 11-1 and 11-2 show the intake cycle. In FIG. 11-1, the rotational angle of the output shaft is zero, and the rotational angle of the rotary valve 19 is zero. The intake holes 19a of the rotary valve 19 are not communicated with the intake communication channel 20a, and the discharge holes 19b are not communicated with the discharge communication channel 20b. The second piston is located at the top dead center, and the operation cycle is being switched from the exhaust cycle to the intake cycle.
The projecting section 8e formed in the ring presser 8d of the second piston enters the discharge communication channel 20b so as to minimize the dead space.
In FIG. 11-2, the rotational angle of the output shaft is 90 degrees, and the rotational angle of the rotary valve 19 is −45 degrees. The intake holes 19a of the rotary valve 19 are communicated with the intake communication channel 20a, and the discharge holes 19b are not communicated with the discharge communication channel 20b. The second piston is moved from the top dead center to the bottom dead center, and the intake cycle is performed in the cylinder chamber 22 through the intake holes 19a and the intake communication channel 20a. With the movement of the second piston, the projecting section 8e formed in the ring presser 8d starts to evacuate from the discharge communication channel 20b.
FIGS. 11-3 and 11-4 show the discharge cycle. In FIG. 11-3, the rotational angle of the output shaft is 180 degrees, and the rotational angle of the rotary valve 19 is −90 degrees. The intake holes 19a of the rotary valve 19 are not communicated with the intake communication channel 20a, and the discharge holes 19b are not communicated with the discharge communication channel 20b. The second piston is located at the bottom dead center, and the operation cycle is being switched from the intake cycle to the discharge cycle. The projecting section 8e formed in the ring presser 8d of the second piston is nearly evacuated from the discharge communication channel 20b.
In FIG. 11-4, the rotational angle of the output shaft is 270 degrees, and the rotational angle of the rotary valve 19 is −135 degrees. The intake holes 19a of the rotary valve 19 are not communicated with the intake communication channel 20a, and the discharge holes 19b are communicated with the discharge communication channel 20b. The second piston is moved from the bottom dead center to the top dead center, so that the gas in the cylinder chamber 22 is discharged through the discharge communication channel 20b and the discharge holes 19b. The projecting section 8e formed in the ring presser 8d of the second piston enters the discharge communication channel 20b.
When the rotational angle of the output shaft is 360 degrees, and the rotational angle of the rotary valve 19 is −180 degrees, the state of the turbine is returned to the state shown in FIG. 11-1. Then, the above described process is repeatedly performed.
Another embodiment, in which the communication channels between the cylinder chambers 22 of the cylinder head sections 17 and the rotary valves 19 are modified, is shown in FIGS. 12A-12G. Each of the intake holes 19a are oppositely formed with a phase difference of 180 degrees around the rotary valve 19, and each of the discharge holes 19b are also oppositely formed with a phase difference of 180 degrees around the rotary valve 19. The intake holes 19a and the discharge holes 19b, which are arranged in the longitudinal direction, are shifted, in the circumferential direction of the rotary valve 19, with a phase difference of 90 degrees.
The intake communication channels 20a and the discharge communication channels 20b of the cylinder head section 17 are formed in a part in which a surface including the axis of the cylinder 16 and the axis of the rotary valve 19 intersects with the cylinder head section 17. Namely, as shown in FIG. 12E, the intake communication channels 20a and the discharge communication channels 20b are serially arranged. By linearly arranging the valve through-hole 17a, the intake communication channels 20a and the discharge communication channels 20b, the processing holes 17b shown in FIGS. 8A-8G may be omitted, so that a process of drilling the cylinder head sections 17 can be easier, the communication channels to the cylinder chambers 22 can be shortened, the dead spaces can be reduced and output efficiency can be improved. Further, as shown in FIG. 13, the projecting sections 7e and 8e formed in the ring pressers 7d and 8d of the first and second double-headed piston units 7 and 8 are linearly formed.
Successively, FIGS. 13-1 to 13-4 are explanation views showing relationships between the open-close actions of another rotary valve for the turbine and the positions of the piston. In FIGS. 13-1 to 13-4, the output shaft is rotated from 0 to 270 degrees (i.e., the rotary valve is rotated from 0 to −135 degrees). The intake communication channel 20a formed in the cylinder head section 17 is shown in upper parts, and the discharge communication channel 20b is shown in lower parts. Any of the pistons may be used for explanation, but the second piston (i.e., one side of the second double-headed piston unit 8) will be explained. Note that, in case of the turbine, the speed reduction mechanism 24 reduces a rotational speed of the rotary valve 19 to 1/2 of the output shaft 4. The rotational direction of the rotary valve 19 is an opposite direction (e.g., counterclockwise direction (the angle is indicated with the minus-sign)) of that of the shaft 4 (e.g., clockwise direction). Note that, the intake cycle and the discharge cycle are the same as those of the example shown in FIG. 11, so their explanation will be omitted.
If one intake hole 19a and one discharge hole 19b are formed in the rotary valve 19, the speed reduction ratio can be one. Further, as shown in FIG. 13-5, three intake holes 19a and three discharge holes 19b may be arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotary valve 19 so as to make the speed reduction ratio of the speed reduction mechanism 24 1/3, so the speed reduction ratio can be optionally set.
As described above, the intake communication channels 20a and the discharge communication channels 20b of the cylinder head section 17 are formed in the part where the surface including the axis of the cylinder 16 and the axis of the rotary valve 19 intersects with the cylinder head section 17, so that the structures of the intake communication channels 20a and the discharge communication channels 20b, which make the cylinder chambers 22 communicate with the rotary valve 19, can be simplified, and a production cost can be reduced.
As described above, the rotary valves 19, which are rotated by drive transmission from the shaft and each of which has the intake holes and the discharge holes being alternately communicated with the cylinder chamber via the communication channels, are respectively provided to the cylinder heads which close the cylinder chambers, so that the communication channels between the cylinder chambers and the rotary valves can be very short, the dead spaces can be reduced as much as possible, and the output efficiency can be improved.
In case that the fluid rotary machine is the internal-combustion engine, the communication channels, which are formed in the cylinder head so as to communicate each of the cylinder chambers with the intake holes or the discharge holes of the rotary valve, are symmetrically formed with respect to the surface including the axis of the cylinder and the axis of the rotary valve, so that the side pressure, which is applied to the rotary valve 19 when the double-headed piston is lifted to the upper dead center by the explosion cycle performed in the cylinder chamber, can be cancelled by the communication channels 20a and 20b which are symmetrically formed. Therefore, smooth rotations of the rotary valves 19 can be secured.
Preferably, the projecting sections, which are capable of entering the communication channels, are formed in the piston head sections so as to reduce the dead spaces. By advancing the projecting sections of the piston head sections into the communication channels, which communicate the cylinder chambers with the rotary valves, the fluid can be released, the dead spaces can be further reduced, and the output efficiency can be improved.
The first and second balance weights 9 and 10 are integrally attached to the both axial ends of the first crank shaft 5, and the output shafts 4a and 4b are integrally attached to the first and second balance weights 9 and 10, so that the simple crank mechanism, in which number of mechanical parts, e.g., crank shaft, crank arm, can be smaller than that of a conventional crank mechanism, can be realized, and the four-cycle engine, in which rotational balances of mechanical parts of the engine can be easily produced, vibration and noise can be reduced and energy loss can be reduced, can be provided.
The fluid rotary machine can be widely applied to not only an internal-combustion engine and an external-combustion engine, e.g., turbine, but also an air engine, etc.
Further, the speed reduction mechanism is not limited to the above described embodiments, so the rotary valves may be respectively connected to the gear of the output shaft by, for example, connection gears.
Patent Grant
10253630
