Patent Application
20060124054
The invention relates to a fluidized bed device for granulating and coating particles in very small quantities.
Fluidized bed installations for granulating and coating particles are generally known, wherein these installations comprise a container to which particles to be coated are added, said particles being fluidized in a directed gas flow. One or more spray nozzles for spraying in substances, e.g., fluid and/or powder-like substances, with which the fluidized particles are to be coated, are attached to the container. Filters are provided in order to remove the process gas without entraining the particles. Such installations serve for processing particles in the large quantities and do not work for smaller quantities.
The problem with the processing small quantities is that with pneumatic transport some particles are carried away by the fluidization flow. With known fluidized bed installations these small quantities are an accepted material loss.
Furthermore, the material sticks to the walls or the bottom of the container, wherein with conventional processes with larger product quantities, the product adhesions are cleaned away by the fluidized product itself.
It is therefore the object of the invention to create a fluidized bed device for the smallest quantities of product particles which has an extremely high efficiency and with which the solid particles may be coated in an as complete and uniform manner as possible.
The fluidized bed device according to the invention amongst other things comprises a generally cone-like product container with a sieve bottom in which centrally, a two-component nozzle is inserted, which may be adjusted in it height with respect to the sieve bottom depending on the product to be processed and the processing manner. At least one guide element is allocated to the sieve bottom, and this element leads the processing air with a radial component at least partly into the direction of the two-component nozzle. On account of leading the air and flow and the possibility of setting the nozzle in the nozzle holder in its height in an adjustable manner, small quantities of a product which have or must obtain different trajectory and dryness properties and electrostatic properties may be processed in a gentle manner. A good adaptation to the process type, e.g., coating/granulation and to the properties of the product is possible by way of the adjustment ability of the two-component nozzle, as the case may be, with a partial exchangeability of the nozzle holder with different diameters of the discharge opening of the at least one air guide channel. Due to the directed incident flow of air on the sieve bottom, it is ensured that the product does not build up at any location of the bottom and thus takes part in the process. As a whole, a uniform granulation and coating result is achieved, wherein an over-humidification of the solid matter particles may be counteracted due to the adjustability of the two-component nozzle and, as the case may be, the exchangeability of the nozzle holder, e.g., of an annular cap comprising the air guide channel.
The guide element may be designed as a flange that is integrally formed, for example, and may be provided radially inwardly on the lower part of the product container, which forms a gap between the sieve bottom and the flange with an opening directed to the two-component nozzle for the radial direction of the air. The guide element may also be an annular insert. The nozzle holder may be a straight or curved cone in the region projecting into the process container. The direction of the particles with respect to the spray cone produced by the two-component nozzle is thus improved. The guiding of the particles in the return flow towards the nozzle is likewise improved.
Thus in an advantageous manner, the process air is divided up into three components, main process air which flows through the free surface (area) of the sieve bottom, first part process air which flows radially inwards in the gap, and second part process air which flows coaxially around the nozzle into the product container.
The flight path of the particles may be extended by the provision of a transition housing between the product container and the filter housing, so that an adhesion to the filters in the filter housing is reduced.
A charging device may applied in the wall of the filter housing or of the transition housing, which comprises a sealing receiver for a supply container of the initial product. This charging device may be designed such that the supply container is closed in a first position, and in a second position is connected to the inner space of the device. A dust-free and low-contamination filling of the installation in continuous operation, and a closed aseptic control of the process is possible by way of this. The installation additionally, on account of its overall size, may be set up in a closed hood, so that laminar flow conditions of the air may be achieved in the environment of the installation, which remove contamination particles of the air in a targeted manner.
The charging device may be designed in a revolver-like manner, i.e., several supply containers may be fastened on a drum and one of the containers is connected to the inner space.
The filter housing and/or the transition housing is in active connection with a shaking device, by which means adhesions to the walls of the housing may be detached.
By way of the fact that the individual housing parts may be connected to one another by way of releasable quick-connection, the device may be dismantled into its individual parts and reassembled without any difficulty and in a quick manner, by which a simple cleaning ability is provided, as well as the conditions for aseptic processing due to the additional autoclaving ability.
The foregoing and other features of the present invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description and drawings of illustrative embodiments of the invention where like reference numbers refer to similar elements throughout and in which:
The device represented in
As may be recognized in more detail in
The spray nozzle 8 is connected to a flexible atomization air supply 10 and to a flexible spray fluid supply 11 which on the one hand are fastened on the housing of the lower part 3 and on the other hand on the spray nozzle 8 by way of screw connections. These supplies 10, 11 are connected to the corresponding material sources.
As should be recognized in
The lower part 3 comprises a supply for process air (not shown) as known by those of skill in the art for carrying out the process with the suction or pressure methods, which is indicated by the arrows 14. The sieve bottom 2 is applied into a recess on the lower side of the product container and is fastened by the lower part 3 in the represented position.
The product container may be provided with rounded contours in the transition region between the container wall and the bottom, which encourage a uniform air flow. Of course other components may be provided for leading the air and the flow as are known.
A guide element 15 (see
Thus apart from the atomization flow, three air flow components are present, which are derived from the process air and which support the process: the actual main process air, the radial flow through the gap 37 and the flow through the annular channel 36. With this embodiment, the gap 37 has a height of 1 mm. The width of the annular channel 36 of the annular cap 13 may lie between 1/10 and 2 mm.
A temperature probe 16 may be applied into the container wall for measurement of the process temperature in the product container.
The inventive device may also be equipped with a shaking device or a mechanical beater 17. In the shown embodiment this is a pneumatic vibrator fastened on the wall of the filter housing 5, and activated in an intermittent manner to detach the adhering product from the walls.
Furthermore a charging means 18 for the initial product may be provided, which comprises a connecting piece 19 inserted into the housing wall and a sleeve 20 that is rotatably connected to the projecting piece. A connection channel 21 to the inner space of the filter housing 5 is incorporated in the connecting piece 19, and the sleeve 20 comprises a receiver 22 for a container 23 with an initial product. The receiver 22 is provided with a thread and a sealing ring 24, wherein the container 23 which is preferably designed as a dispensing glass comprises a corresponding thread in a manner such that it may be screwed into the receiver 22. In the shown condition which shows the charge position, the inside of the container 23 is connected to the channel 21 and thus to the inner space of the filter housing 5. The sleeve 20 is rotatable into a position offset by 180°, in which the glass or the container 23 with its opening points upwards but the connecting piece 19 closes the opening. The coating means is designed such that in the closed condition it also withstands an excess pressure occurrence which may possibly occur in the installation, without giving out any of the product to the environment. Likewise for safety reasons, the glass may be encapsulated with a stainless steel casing. Thus the arrangement is capable of withstanding excess pressure eventualities during the filling procedure.
With another embodiment example, the charging means may be designed in the manner of a revolver, wherein several receivers 22 are provided on the sleeve 20 distributed over the periphery, of which however only one in each case is connected to the connection channel 21. Thus several different starting materials and/or equal materials may be introduced at different times.
A part of the spray nozzle 8 is shown in
The manner of functioning and the operation of the fluidized bed device are as follows. With the start of the process, firstly the complete process chamber consisting of the housing parts 3, 1, where used 4, 5 and a housing part which may be placed onto the filter housing 5 and realizes the removal of air, may be conditioned by way of the “main process air” 14 such that the maximal temperature difference between the incoming air and the outgoing air is minimized, e.g., one Kelvin. The process chamber remains can empty during this conditioning and no starting material is introduced and also fluid is not yet sprayed. By way of this, it is ensured that no temperature gradient to the process air arises on the container walls, by which means condensation procedures or adhesion of the product to the container wall does not occur.
After the conditioning, starting material (carrier materials such as e.g., sugar, in particular lactose, sacharrose, mannitol, sorbitol or also trehalose) is fed to the process chamber in a targeted manner via the charging device 18. With the charging device on the side wall, the product gets into the region of influence of the atomized air flow produced by the spray nozzle 8. The charging is effected with a closed installation and when the process air continues, i.e., the process of the conditioning is not interrupted. Due to the design of the charging device 18, it is ensured that it is indeed the complete start quantity is subjected to the process without losses. It is envisaged for different start quantities between perhaps 2 and e.g., 100 g to be able to be supplied. This is possible since differently large dispensing glasses may be used with the charging device, wherein the start quantities are filled or directly weighed out into the container 23 designed as a commercially available snap-on lid glass. This glass 23 with the opening at the top is snapped into the receiver 22 of the sleeve 20, wherein the charging device 18 is then locked in a position which is pivoted by 180° to the position in
Several fixed intermediate positions are possible with a revolver-like charging device, and the sleeve 20 may be rotated in each case about an angular section which is defined by the number of receivers.
The spraying procedure may begin after the starting material has been dispensed and as long as no temperature differences between the incoming air temperature and outgoing air temperature continue to be present. With the actual spray procedure, one may differentiate between the process types of granulation and coating by way of the process parameters and the adjustability and exchangeability of the spray nozzle 8 which has been specified above.
In particular, at the beginning of the process and on conditioning the installation when the product has only just been filled without any fluid, the dry particles tend to electrostatically charge and thus tend to attach to the container wall, so that it is particularly in this condition that the beater 17 is actuated.
The introduced solid matter particles on account of the arising air flow in the edge region of the process chamber fall downwards and get into the product container 1. In the lower part of the product container the particles are led to the nozzle on account of the radial component arising at the sieve bottom 2, and at the nozzle are accelerated upwards. During the acceleration, the particles are heated and a drying takes place. The particles accelerated upwards pass the spray cone that is produced by the two-component nozzle 8 with a concurrent flow and at a distance to the nozzle tip. In this contact region the spray cone has already completely formed and is very uniform, so that an excess humidification of the solid matter particles does not occur. After a certain flight path upwards, the flow speed is so low that the particles turn back and fall again in the direction of the product container 1 and the sieve bottom 2 where in turn they forcibly lead the air cushion again in the direction of the nozzle. Individual particles attach to the filters and as the case may be are led to the process again by way of blow-off pulses.
On granulation, the introduced powder-like starting material should be built up into granulates in a targeted manner. Such granulates then have the typical granulate properties, e.g., pourable (floatable), free of dust, and capable of being dosed. At the same time the spray fluid ejected out of the nozzle 8 must contain a binding agent (e.g., HPMC, PVP), by which means the bonding together of the individual staring nuclei is ensured. Mostly an active substance is contained in the spray fluid which in this manner is embedded in the granulate in a targeted manner. To be understood as an active substance includes a pharmaceutical active ingredient for example, which may be within the scope of laboratory development, is not yet available in large quantities and simultaneously is very expensive, or biopharmaceutical active ingredients such as, e.g., proteins which are either present in the human or animal organism and accordingly need to be extracted, or which may be manufactured in a recombinant manner.
With the coating process presented, fluidized particle-like material or granulate that has already been previously processed is coated with a defined layer. Some uses of the coating are, e.g., to cover an undesired taste, to achieve a targeted protection of the core material from external influences, or to achieve a targeted release behavior for pharmaceutical active ingredients.
The fluidized bed device in its dimensions is adapted to the smallest quantities, for example the product container may have a volume of one liter. With these very small quantities, the atomization from the bottom to the top is meaningful and important as has been described above.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that the materials and methods of the present invention will have various other uses in addition to the above described embodiments. They will appreciate that the foregoing specification and accompanying drawings are set forth by way of illustration and not limitation of the invention. It will further be appreciated that various modifications and changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is to be limited solely by the scope of the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 103 23 089.0 | May 2003 | DE | national |
This application is a continuation of PCT Application No. PCT/EP2004/005243, designating the United States and having an International filing date of May 14, 2004, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/EP04/05243 | May 2004 | US |
| Child | 11282118 | Nov 2005 | US |
