Claims
- 1. A method for assaying the degradation of an oil rendered substantially free of paramagnetic metal cation, the method comprising the steps of:
- mixing a non-azo substituted 4(.omega.-aminoalkyl)amino-N-alkyl-1,8-naphthalimide dye with the oil in a suitable solvent to form a mixture;
- irradiating the mixture with a light sufficient to cause the mixture to emit a detectable fluorescent emission spectrum;
- detecting the fluorescent emission spectrum of the mixture; and
- comparing the detected fluorescent emission spectrum with standard fluorescent emission spectra generated by reacting the non-azo substituted 4(.omega.-aminoalkyl)amino-N-alkyl-1,8-naphthalimide dye with standard oil samples having different known hydrogen ion activities, wherein differences between the fluorescent emission spectra compared are dependent upon the presence or level of the hydrogen ion activity present in the mixture, and wherein the presence of hydrogen ion activity in the oil over a predetermined level of activity indicates a degradation of the oil.
- 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the oil is an oil of a mechanical system.
- 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the oil is selected from the group consisting of synthetic oil, animal oil, vegetable oil, and mixture thereof.
- 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen ion activity is calculated using a fluorescent emission ration of about 490 to about 520 nm and an excitation wavelength of about 450 nm.
- 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of isopropyl alcohol and 40 volume % of cyclohexane in ethanol.
- 6. A method for determining the presence or amount of hydrogen ion activity in a substantially non-aqueous medium rendered substantially free of paramagnetic metal cation, the method comprising the steps of:
- mixing a non-azo substituted 4(.omega.-aminoalkyl)amino-N-alkyl-1,8-naphthalimide dye with the hydrogen ion, if any, in the non-aqueous medium to form a mixture;
- irradiating the mixture with a light sufficient to cause the mixture to emit a detectable fluorescent emission spectrum;
- detecting the fluorescent emission spectrum of the mixture; and
- comparing the detected fluorescent emission spectrum with standard fluorescent emission spectra generated by reacting the non-azo substituted 4(.omega.-aminoalkyl)amino-N-alkyl-1,8-naphthalimide dye with different known hydrogen ion activities, wherein differences between the fluorescent emission spectra compared are dependent upon the presence or level of the hydrogen ion activity present in the mixture.
- 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the non-aqueous medium comprises an oil.
- 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the oil is selected from the group consisting of synthetic oil, animal oil, vegetable oil, and mixture thereof.
- 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the hydrogen ion activity is calculated using a fluorescent emission ration of about 490 to about 520 nm and an excitation wavelength of about 450 nm.
- 10. A method for assaying the degradation of an oil rendered substantially free of paramagnetic metal cation, the method comprising the steps of:
- forming a mixture from the oil in a suitable solvent with a compound having the structure of ##STR1## wherein a=2to 8;
- R=(CH.sub.2).sub.b CH.sub.3, b=3 to 17;
- R'=H; or (CH.sub.2).sub.c CH.sub.3, c=0 to 5;
- R"=H; or (CH.sub.2).sub.d CH.sub.3, d=0 to 5;
- R.sub.a =H; F; Cl; Br, I; NO.sub.2 ; or (CH.sub.2).sub.e CH.sub.3, e=0 to 5; and
- R.sub.b =H; F; Cl; Br; I; NO.sub.2 ; or (CH.sub.2).sub.f CH.sub.3, f=0 to 5;
- wherein R.sub.a and R.sub.b are not both F, Cl, Br, I or NO.sub.2 ;
- irradiating the mixture with a light sufficient to cause the mixture to emit a detectable fluorescent emission spectrum;
- detecting the fluorescent emission spectrum of the mixture; and
- comparing the detected fluorescent emission spectrum with standard fluorescent emission spectra generated by reacting the compound with standard oil samples having different known hydrogen ion activities, wherein differences between the fluorescent emission spectra compared are dependent upon the presence or level of the hydrogen ion activity present in the mixture, and wherein the presence of hydrogen ion activity in the oil over a predetermined level of activity indicates a degradation of the oil.
- 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the oil comprises an oil of a mechanical system.
- 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the oil is selected from the group consisting of synthetic oil, animal oil, vegetable oil, and mixture thereof.
- 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the hydrogen ion activity is calculated using a fluorescent emission ration of about 490 to about 520 nm and an excitation wavelength of about 450 nm.
- 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the compound has the structure in which a=2, b=3, R'=H, R"=H, R.sub.a =H, and R.sub.b =H.
- 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the compound has the structure in which a=2, b=15, R'=H, R"=H, Ra=H, and Rb=H.
- 16. A method for determining the presence or amount of hydrogen ion activity in a substantially non-aqueous medium rendered substantially free of paramagnetic metal cation, the method comprising the steps of:
- forming a mixture from the hydrogen ion, if any, in the non-aqueous medium with a compound having the structure of ##STR2## wherein a=2 to 8;
- R=(CH.sub.2).sub.b CH.sub.3, b=3 to 17;
- R'=H; or (CH.sub.2).sub.c CH.sub.3, c=0 to 5;
- R"=H; or (CH.sub.2).sub.d CH.sub.3, d=0 to 5;
- R.sub.a =H; F; Cl; Br; I; NO.sub.2 ; or (CH.sub.2).sub.e CH.sub.3, e=0 to 5; and
- R.sub.b =H; F; Cl; Br; I; NO.sub.2 ; or (CH.sub.2).sub.f CH.sub.3, f=0 to 5
- wherein R.sub.a and R.sub.b are not both F, Cl, Br, I or No.sub.2
- irradiating the mixture with a light sufficient to cause the mixture to emit a detectable fluorescent emission spectrum;
- detecting the fluorescent emission ratio of about 490 to about 520 nm of the mixture; and
- monitoring differences in the detected fluorescent emission ratio of about 490 to abut 520 nm of the mixture, as compared to standard fluorescent emission spectra ration of about 490 to about 520 nm generated by reacting the compound with different known hydrogen ion activities, the differences being dependent upon the presence or level of the hydrogen ion activity present in the mixture.
- 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the non-aqueous medium comprises an oil.
- 18. The method of claim 7, wherein the oil is selected from the group consisting of synthetic oil, animal oil, vegetable oil, and mixture thereof.
- 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the compound has the structure in which a=2, b=3, R'=H, R"=H, Ra=H, and R.sub.b =H.
- 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the compound has the structure in which a=2, b=15, R'=H, R"=H, Ra=H and R.sub.b =H.
- 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the oil is rendered substantially free of paramagnetic metal cation by complexing the oil with a ligand or a crown ether without the liberation of a proton.
- 22. The method of claim 6, wherein the oil is rendered substantially free of paramagnetic metal cation by complexing the oil with a ligand or a crown ether without the liberation of a proton.
- 23. The method of claim 10, wherein the oil is rendered substantially free of paramagnetic metal cation by complexing the oil with a ligand or a crown ether without the liberation of a proton.
- 24. The method of claim 16, wherein the oil is rendered substantially free of paramagnetic metal cation by complexing the oil with a ligand or a crown ether without the liberation of a proton.
Parent Case Info
This is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 08/236,531, filed Apr. 29, 1994, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/977,508, filed Nov. 16, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,308,773, the entire contents of all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
US Referenced Citations (4)
Continuations (1)
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Number |
Date |
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Parent |
977508 |
Nov 1992 |
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Continuation in Parts (1)
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Number |
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236531 |
Apr 1994 |
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