FLUORINATED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS

Abstract
The present invention relates to aromatic isothiocyanates of formula U
Description

The present invention relates to fluorinated aromatic compounds, liquid-crystalline media comprising same, and to high-frequency components comprising these media, especially microwave components for high-frequency devices, such as devices for shifting the phase of microwaves, tunable filters, tunable metamaterial structures, and electronic beam steering antennas (e.g. phased array antennas), and to said devices.


Liquid-crystalline media have a been used for many years in electro-optical displays (liquid crystal displays: LCDs) in order to display information. More recently, however, liquid-crystalline media have also been proposed for use in components for microwave technology, such as, for example, in DE 10 2004 029 429.1 A and in JP 2005-120208 (A).


A. Gaebler, F. Goelden, S. Müller, A. Penirschke and R. Jakoby “Direct Simulation of Material Permittivites using an Eigen-Susceptibility Formulation of the Vector Variational Approach”, 12MTC 2009—International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Singapore, 2009 (IEEE), pp. 463-467, describe the corresponding properties of the known liquid-crystal mixture E7 (Merck KGaA, Germany).


DE 10 2004 029 429 A describes the use of liquid-crystal media in microwave technology, inter alia in phase shifters. Therein, liquid-crystalline media with respect to their properties in the corresponding frequency range have been discussed and liquid-crystalline media based on mixtures of mostly aromatic nitriles and isothiocyanates have been shown.


In EP 2 982 730 A1, mixtures are described that completely consist of isothiocyanate compounds.


Fluorine atoms are commonly used in mesogenic compounds to introduce polarity. Especially in combination with a terminal NCS group high dielectric anisotropy values can be achieved, in particular when a NCS group in the 1-position has two fluorine atoms in its ortho positions as the overall molecular dipole is the sum of all individual dipoles of a molecule's partial structures. A well balanced compromise with respect to the number of fluorine atoms has to be found as fluorine substitution often has a negative influence in the nematic phase properties of a compound.


The liquid-crystalline compositions available for the use in microwave applications are still afflicted with several disadvantages. It is required to improve these media with respect to their general physical properties, the shelf life and the stability under operation in a device. In view of the multitude of different parameters which have to be considered and improved for the development of liquid crystalline media for microwave application it is desirable to have a broader range of possible mixture components for the development of such liquid-crystalline media.


An object of the present invention is to provide a compound for the use in liquid crystalline media with improved properties relevant for the application in the microwave range of the electromagnetic spectrum.


To solve the problem, a compound of formula U shown below is provided and a liquid crystalline medium comprising the compound.


The present invention relates to a compound of formula U




embedded image


in which


RU denotes H, alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, in which one or more CH2-groups may be replaced by




embedded image


or a group RP,

  • RP denotes halogen, CN, NCS, RF, RF—O— or RF—S—, wherein
  • RF denotes fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkenyl having up to 9 C atoms,
  • ZU1, ZU2, ZU3 identically or differently, denote —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —C≡C— or a single bond, preferably —C≡C— or a single bond,
  • X1, X2 identically or differently, denote H, Cl, F, CH3 or C2H5, preferably H or F,
  • Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, identically or differently, denote H, F, Cl, or straight chain or branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy or alkenyloxy, each having up to 12 C atoms, where at least one of Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 is different from F,
  • s is 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1,
  • t is 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1, and
  • s+t is 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1,




embedded image


denote a radical selected from the following groups:

  • a) the group consisting of 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-naphthylene, and 2,6-naphthylene, in which one or two CH groups may be replaced by N and in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by L,
  • b) the group consisting of trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, 4,4″-bicyclohexylene, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, in which one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by —O— and/or —S— and in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by F,
  • c) the group consisting of thiophene-2,5-diyl, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl, selenophene-2,5-diyl, each of which may also be mono- or polysubstituted by L,
  • L on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes F, Cl, CN, SCN, SF5 or straight-chain or branched, in each case optionally fluorinated, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 C atoms.


The present invention further relates to a compound of formula UN




embedded image


in which the groups and parameter have the meanings given above for formula U.


According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for the synthesis of compounds of formula U from compounds of formula UN given below.


The present invention further relates to a liquid-crystalline medium comprising a compound of formula U and to the use of a liquid-crystalline medium comprising a compound of formula U in a component for high-frequency technology.


According to yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided a component and a device comprising said component, both operable in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Preferred components are phase shifters, varactors, wireless and radio wave antenna arrays, matching circuits and adaptive filters.


Preferred embodiments of the present invention are subject-matter of the dependent claims or can be taken from the description.


Surprisingly, it has been found that it is possible to achieve liquid-crystalline media having excellent stability and at the same time a high dielectric anisotropy, suitably fast switching times, a suitable, nematic phase range, high tunability and low dielectric loss, by using compounds of formula U in liquid-crystalline media. In particular, the use of compounds of formula U enable liquid crystal media with reduced dielectric loss without or insignificant negative influence on other relevant parameters such as inter alia nematic phase range, dielectric anisotropy or tunability.


The media according to the present invention are distinguished by a high clearing temperature, a broad nematic phase range and excellent low-temperature stability (LTS). As a result, devices containing the media are operable under extreme temperature conditions.


The media are further distinguished by high values of the dielectric anisotropy and low rotational viscosities. As a result, the threshold voltage, i.e. the minimum voltage at which a device is switchable, is very low. A low operating voltage and low threshold voltage is desired in order to enable a device having improved switching characteristics and high energy efficiency. Low rotational viscosities enable fast switching of the devices according to the invention.


These properties as a whole make the media particularly suitable for use in components and devices for high-frequency technology and applications in the microwave range, in particular devices for shifting the phase of microwaves, tunable filters, tunable metamaterial structures, and electronic beam steering antennas (e.g. phased array antennas).


Herein, “high-frequency technology” is taken to mean applications of electromagnetic radiation having frequencies in the range of from 1 MHz to 1 THz, preferably from 1 GHz to 500 GHz, more preferably 2 GHz to 300 GHz, particularly preferably from about 5 GHz to 150 GHz.


As used herein, halogen is F, Cl, Br or I, preferably F or Cl, particularly preferably F.


Herein, alkyl is straight-chain or branched or cyclic and has 1 to 15 C atoms, is preferably straight-chain and has, unless indicated otherwise, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 C atoms and is accordingly preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl or n-heptyl.


Herein, branched alkyl is preferably isopropyl, s-butyl, isobutyl, isopentyl, 2-methylhexyl or 2-ethylhexyl.


As used herein, cyclic alkyl is taken to mean straight chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl having up to 12 C atoms, preferably alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, in which a group CH2 is replaced with a carbocyclic ring having 3 to 5 C atoms, very preferably selected from the group consisting of cyclopropylalkyl, cyclobutylalkyl, cyclopentylalkyl and cyclopentenylalkyl.


Herein, an alkoxy radical is straight-chain or branched and contains 1 to 15 C atoms. It is preferably straight-chain and has, unless indicated otherwise, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 C atoms and is accordingly preferably methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, n-butoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexoxy or n-heptoxy.


Herein, an alkenyl radical is preferably an alkenyl radical having 2 to 15 C atoms, which is straight-chain or branched and contains at least one C—C double bond. It is preferably straight-chain and has 2 to 7 C atoms. Accordingly, it is preferably vinyl, prop-1- or -2-enyl, but-1-, -2- or -3-enyl, pent-1-, -2-, -3- or -4-enyl, hex-1-, -2-, -3-, -4- or -5-enyl, hept-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5- or -6-enyl. If the two C atoms of the C—C double bond are substituted, the alkenyl radical can be in the form of E and/or Z isomer (trans/cis). In general, the respective E isomers are preferred. Of the alkenyl radicals, prop-2-enyl, but-2- and -3-enyl, and pent-3- and -4-enyl are particularly preferred.


Herein, alkynyl is taken to mean an alkynyl radical having 2 to 15 C atoms, which is straight-chain or branched and contains at least one C—C triple bond. 1- and 2-propynyl and 1-, 2- and 3-butynyl are preferred.


In case RF denotes a halogenated alkyl-, alkoxy-, alkenyl or alkenyloxy it can be branched or unbranched. Preferably it is unbranched, mono-poly or perfluorinated, more preferably perfluorinated and has 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 C atoms, in case of alkenyl 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 C atoms.


RP preferably denotes CN, NCS, Cl, F, —(CH2)n—CH═CF2, —(CH2)n—CH═CHF, —(CH2)n—CH═Cl2, —CnF2n+1, —(CF2)n—CF2H, —(CH2)n—CF3, —(CH2)n—CHF2, —(CH2)nCH2F, —CH═CF2, —O(CH2)n—CH═CF2, —O(CH2)nCHCl2, —OCnF2n+1, —O(CF2)n—CF2H, —O(CH2)nCF3, —O(CH2)n—CHF2, —O(CF)nCH2F, —OCF═CF2, —SCnF2n+1, —S(CF)n—CF3, wherein n is an integer from 0 to 7.


The compounds of the general formula U are prepared by methods known per se, as described in the literature (for example in the standard works, such as Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart), to be precise under reaction conditions which are known and are suitable for said reactions. Use can be made here of variants which are known per se, but are not mentioned here in greater detail.


If desired, the starting materials can also be formed in situ by not isolating them from the reaction mixture, but instead immediately converting them further into the compounds of the general formula U.


Preferred synthetic pathways towards compounds according to the invention are exemplified in the schemes below, and are further illustrated by means of the working examples.


Preferred intermediates are 5-bromo-1,3-difluoro-2-alkyl-benzenes which can be reacted to give compounds of the formula UN for example by cross coupling reactions commonly known as Suzuki, Stille, Sonogashira reactions, and the like. Preferred pathways are exemplified in schemes 1 and 2, in which the groups and parameters have the meanings defined in claim 1.




embedded image




embedded image


Preferred reagents for the process according to the invention for the transformation of compounds of the formula UN into compounds of the formula U (scheme 3) are carbon disulfide, thiophosgene, thiocarbonyl diimidazole, di-2-pyridyl thionocarbonate, bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide, dimethylthiocarbamoyl chloride and phenyl chlorothionoformate, very preferably thiophosgene.




embedded image


The described reactions should only be regarded as illustrative. The person skilled in the art can carry out corresponding variations of the syntheses described and also follow other suitable synthetic routes in order to obtain compounds of the formula U.


The compounds of formula U are preferably selected from the compounds in which the groups




embedded image




    • identically or differently, denote







embedded image




    • in which one or two CH-groups may be replaced by N, and wherein







embedded image


alternatively denotes




embedded image


and

  • L1 and L2 identically or differently, denote F, Cl or straight chain or branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl each having up to 12 C atoms, and


    where the other groups and parameters have the meanings given above.


In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compounds of formula U are selected from the compounds of the formulae U-1 to U-20, very preferably from the compounds of the formulae U-1 to U13:




embedded image


embedded image


embedded image


in which the occurring groups have the meanings indicated above for formula U and its subformulae and preferably RU denotes alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4, identically or differently, denote H, F, Cl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclopentenyl, and more preferably Y1 and Y2 independently denote H or F, in particular H, and Y3 and Y4 very preferably denote H, and Land L2, identically or differently, very preferably denote H, F, methyl or ethyl, in particular H.


According to one embodiment of the present invention there are provided compounds of formula U in which RU denotes H, alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, in which one or more CH2-groups may be replaced by




embedded image


preferably alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms.


According to another embodiment of the present invention there are provided compounds of formula U in which the group RU denotes RP, where RP denotes halogen, CN, NCS, RF, RF—O— or RF—S—, and wherein RF denotes fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkenyl having up to 9 C atoms, preferably CF3 or OCF3.


In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the formulae I, II and III,




embedded image


in which

  • R1 denotes H, unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 17, preferably 3 to 10 C atoms, or unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 15, preferably 3 to 10, C atoms, in which one or more CH2-groups may be replaced by




embedded image




    • preferably unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkenyl,


      n is 0, 1 or 2,







embedded image


to




embedded image




    • on each occurrence, independently of one another, denote







embedded image




    • in which RL, on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes H or alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably H, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably H,

    • and wherein







embedded image




    • alternatively denotes







embedded image




    • preferably







embedded image




    • and in case n=2, one of







embedded image


preferably denotes




embedded image


and the other preferably denotes




embedded image


and


preferably




embedded image


to




embedded image




    • independently of one another, denote







embedded image


more preferably




embedded image


denotes




embedded image


denotes




embedded image


denotes




embedded image


  • R2 denotes H, unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 17, preferably 3 to 10 C atoms, or unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 15, preferably 3 to 10, C atoms, in which one or more CH2-groups may be replaced by





embedded image




    • preferably unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkenyl,



  • Z21 denotes trans-CH═CH—, trans-CF═CF— or —C≡C—, preferably —C≡C— or trans-CH═CH—, and





embedded image




    • independently of one another, denote







embedded image






      • in which RL, on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes H or alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably H, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably H,

      • and wherein









embedded image


alternatively denotes




embedded image


preferably




embedded image




    • independently of one another, denote







embedded image




embedded image


preferably denotes




embedded image


preferably denotes




embedded image




    • more preferably







embedded image


  • R3 denotes H, unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 17, preferably 3 to 10 C atoms, or unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 15, preferably 3 to 10, C atoms, in which one or more CH2-groups may be replaced by





embedded image




    • preferably unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkenyl,



  • one of Z31 and Z32, preferably Z32; denotes trans-CH═CH—, trans-CF═CF— or —C═C— and the other one, independently thereof, denotes —C≡C—, trans-CH═CH—, trans-CF═CF— or a single bond, preferably one of them, preferably Z32; denotes —C≡C— or trans-CH═CH— and the other denotes a single bond, and





embedded image


to




embedded image




    • independently of one another, denote







embedded image






      • in which RL, on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes H or alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably H, methyl or ethyl, particularly preferably H,

      • and wherein









embedded image


alternatively denotes




embedded image


alternatively denotes




embedded image


preferably




embedded image


to




embedded image




    • independently of one another, denote







embedded image


more preferably




embedded image


denotes




embedded image


denotes




embedded image




    • in particular







embedded image


denotes




embedded image




    • in particular







embedded image


In the compounds of the formulae I, II and III, RL preferably denotes H.


In another preferred embodiment, in the compounds of formulae I, II and III, one or two groups RL, preferably one group RL is different from H.


In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compounds of formula I are selected from the group of compounds of the formulae I-1 to I-5:




embedded image


in which


L1, L2 and L3 on each occurrence, identically or differently, denote H or F, and the other groups have the respective meanings indicated above for formula I and


preferably

  • R1 denotes unfluorinated alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms.


The media preferably comprise one or more compounds of formula I-1, which are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae I-1a to I-1d, preferably of formula I-1b:




embedded image


in which R1 has the meaning indicated above for formula I and preferably denotes unfluorinated alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms.


The media preferably comprise one or more compounds of formula I-2, which are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae I-2a to I-2e, preferably of formula I-2c:




embedded image


in which R1 has the meaning indicated above for formula I and preferably denotes unfluorinated alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms.


The media preferably comprise one or more compounds of formula I-3, which are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae I-3a to I-3d, particularly preferably of formula I-3b:




embedded image


in which R1 has the meaning indicated above for formula I and preferably denotes unfluorinated alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms.


The media preferably comprise one or more compounds of formula I-4, which are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae I-4a to I-4e, particularly preferably of formula I-4b:




embedded image


in which R1 has the meaning indicated above for formula I and preferably denotes unfluorinated alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms.


The media preferably comprise one or more compounds of formula I-5, which are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae I-5a to I-5d, particularly preferably of formula I-5b:




embedded image


in which R1 has the meaning indicated above for formula I and preferably denotes unfluorinated alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms.


The media preferably comprise one or more compounds of formula II, which are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae II-1 to II-3, preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae II-1 and II-2:




embedded image


in which the occurring groups have the meanings given under formula II above and


preferably

  • R2 denotes H, unfluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms,


    and one of




embedded image


denotes




embedded image




    • and the other, independently denotes







embedded image






      • preferably









embedded image




    • most preferably







embedded image


and preferably

  • R2 denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • n denotes an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The compounds of formula II-1 are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae II-1a to II-1e:




embedded image


in which

  • R2 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • n independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The compounds of formula II-2 are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae II-2a and II-2b:




embedded image


in which

  • R2 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z,
  • n denotes an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The compounds of formula II-3 are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the of formulae II-3a to II-3d:




embedded image


in which

  • R2 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z,
  • n denotes an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The compounds of formula III are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae III-1 to III-6, more preferably of the formulae selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae III-1, III-2, III-3 and III-4, and particularly preferably of formula III-1:




embedded image


in which

  • Z31 and Z32 independently of one another denote trans-CH═CH— or trans-CF═CF—, preferably trans-CH═CH—, and in formula III-6 alternatively one of Z31 and Z32 may denote —C═C— and the other groups have the meaning given above under formula III,


    and preferably
  • R3 unfluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms,


    and one of




embedded image


to




embedded image


preferably




embedded image


denotes




embedded image




    • preferably







embedded image




    • and the others, independently of one another, denote







embedded image




    • preferably







embedded image




    • more preferably







embedded image


where




embedded image


alternatively denotes




embedded image


and preferably

  • R3 denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z,
  • n denotes an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The compounds of formula III-1 are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae III-1a to III-11, more preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae III-1b, III-1f, III-1g and III-1i




embedded image


embedded image


in which

  • R3 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z,
  • n denotes an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The compounds of formula III-2 are preferably compounds of formula III-2a to III-21, very preferably III-2b and/or III-2j:




embedded image


embedded image


  • R3 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z,

  • n denotes an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and

  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.



The compounds of formula III-5 are preferably selected from the compounds of formula III-5a:




embedded image


  • R3 has the meaning indicated above for formula III-5 and preferably denotes CnH2n+1, in which

  • n denotes an integer in the range from 1 to 7, preferably in the range from 1 to 5.



In a preferred embodiment, the media according to the invention comprise one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the formulae IIA-1-1 to IIA-1-12, very preferably IIA-1-1 or IIA-1-2:




embedded image


embedded image


in which

  • R1 denotes alkyl or alkenyl having up to 7 C atoms, preferably ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl or n-pentyl, n-hexyl,
  • RL on each occurrence, the same or differently, denotes alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, or cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl each having 3 to 6 C atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclopent-1-enyl, very preferably ethyl,


    and from which the compounds of formula II-1 are excluded.


Additionally, the liquid-crystalline media according to the present invention in a certain embodiment, which may be the same or different from the previous preferred embodiments preferably comprise one or more compounds of formula IV,




embedded image


in which




embedded image


denotes




embedded image


s is 0 or 1, preferably 1, and


preferably




embedded image


denotes




embedded image


particularly preferably




embedded image


  • L4 denotes H or alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms or cycloalkenyl having 4 to 6 C atoms, preferably CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, i-C3H7, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopent-1-enyl or cyclohex-1-enyl, and particularly preferably CH3, C2H5, cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl,

  • X4 denotes H, alkyl having 1 to 3 C atoms or halogen, preferably H, F or Cl, more preferably H or F and very particularly preferably F,

  • R41 to R44, independently of one another, denote unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkoxy, each having 1 to 15 C atoms, unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl, each having 2 to 15 C atoms, or cycloalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkylcycloalkenyl, alkylcycloalkylalkyl or alkylcycloalkenylalkyl, each having up to 15 C atoms, and alternatively one of R43 and R44 or both also denote H,


    preferably

  • R41 and R42, independently of one another, denote unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkoxy, each having 1 to 7 C atoms, or unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl, each having 2 to 7 C atoms,


    particularly preferably

  • R41 denotes unfluorinated alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl, each having 2 to 7 C atoms, and


    particularly preferably

  • R42 denotes unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkoxy, each having 1 to 7 C atoms, and


    preferably

  • R43 and R44 denote H, unfluorinated alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, unfluorinated cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl having 3 to 7 C atoms, unfluorinated alkylcyclohexyl or unfluorinated cyclohexylalkyl, each having 4 to 12 C atoms, or unfluorinated alkylcyclohexylalkyl having 5 to 15 C atoms, particularly preferably cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl or cyclohexyl, and very particularly preferably at least one of R43 and R44 denotes n-alkyl, particularly preferably methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, and the other denotes H or n-alkyl, particularly preferably H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl.



In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid-crystal medium additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the formulae V, VI, VII, VIII and IX:




embedded image


in which

  • L51 denotes R51 or X51,
  • L52 denotes R52 or X52,
  • R51 and R52, independently of one another, denote H, unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 17, preferably 3 to 10, C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 15, preferably 3 to 10, C atoms, preferably alkyl or unfluorinated alkenyl,
  • X51 and X52, independently of one another, denote H, F, Cl, —CN, SF5, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms or fluorinated alkenyl, fluorinated alkenyloxy or fluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably fluorinated alkoxy, fluorinated alkenyloxy, F or Cl, and




embedded image


to




embedded image




    • independently of one another, denote







embedded image






      • preferably









embedded image


  • L61 denotes R61 and, in the case where Z61 and/or Z62 denote trans-CH═CH— or trans-CF═CF—, alternatively also denotes X61,

  • L62 denotes R62 and, in the case where Z61 and/or Z62 denote trans-CH═CH— or trans-CF═CF—, alternatively also denotes X62,

  • R61 and R62, independently of one another, denote H, unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 17, preferably 3 to 10, C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 15, preferably 3 to 10, C atoms, preferably alkyl or unfluorinated alkenyl,

  • X61 and X62, independently of one another, denote F or Cl, —CN, SF5, fluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms or fluorinated alkenyl, alkenyloxy or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 7 C atoms,


    one of

  • Z61 and Z62 denotes trans-CH═CH—, trans-CF═CF— or —C≡C— and the other, independently thereof, denotes trans-CH═CH—, trans-CF═CF— or a single bond, preferably one of them denotes —C≡C— or trans-CH═CH— and the other denotes a single bond, and





embedded image


to




embedded image




    • independently of one another, denote







embedded image






      • preferably









embedded image


and

  • x denotes 0 or 1;
  • L71 denotes R71 or X71,
  • L72 denotes R72 or X72,
  • R71 and R72, independently of one another, denote H, unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 17, preferably 3 to 10, C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 15, preferably 3 to 10, C atoms, preferably alkyl or unfluorinated alkenyl,
  • X71 and X72, independently of one another, denote H, F, Cl, —CN, —NCS, —SF5, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms or fluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated or fluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated or fluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably fluorinated alkoxy, fluorinated alkenyloxy, F or Cl, and
  • Z71 to Z73, independently of one another, denote trans-CH═CH—, trans-CF═CF—, —C≡C— or a single bond, preferably one or more of them denote a single bond, particularly preferably all denote a single bond and




embedded image


to




embedded image




    • independently of one another, denote







embedded image






      • preferably









embedded image


  • R81 and R82, independently of one another, denote H, unfluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 15, preferably 3 to 10, C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl, alkenyloxy or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 15, preferably 3 to 10, C atoms, preferably unfluorinated alkyl or alkenyl,


    one of

  • Z81 and Z82 denotes trans-CH═CH—, trans-CF═CF— or —C≡C— and the other, independently thereof, denotes trans-CH═CH—, trans-CF═CF— or a single bond, preferably one of them denotes —C≡C— or trans-CH═CH— and the other denotes a single bond, and





embedded image


denotes




embedded image




    • independently of one another, denote







embedded image


  • L91 denotes R91 or X91,

  • L92 denotes R92 or X92,

  • R91 and R92, independently of one another, denote H, unfluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 15, preferably 3 to 10, C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl, alkenyloxy or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 15, preferably 3 to 10, C atoms, preferably unfluorinated alkyl or alkenyl,

  • X91 and X92, independently of one another, denote H, F, Cl, —CN, —NCS, —SF5, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms or fluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated or fluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated or fluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably fluorinated alkoxy, fluorinated alkenyloxy, F or Cl, and

  • Z91 to Z93, independently of one another, denote trans-CH═CH—, trans-CF═CF—, —C≡C— or a single bond, preferably one or more of them denotes a single bond, and particularly preferably all denote a single bond,





embedded image


denotes




embedded image


to




embedded image




    • independently of one another, denote







embedded image


In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid-crystal medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula V, preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae V-1 to V-3, preferably of the formulae V-1 and/or V-2 and/or V-3, preferably of the formulae V-1 and V-2:




embedded image


in which the occurring groups have the respective meanings indicated above for formula V and preferably

  • R51 denotes unfluorinated alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms,
  • R52 denotes unfluorinated alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms or unfluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms,
  • X51 and X52, independently of one another, denote F, Cl, —OCF3, —CF3, —CN or —SF5, preferably F, Cl, —OCF3 or —CN.


The compounds of the formula V-1 are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae V-1a to V-1d, preferably V-1c and V-1d:




embedded image


in which the parameters have the respective meanings indicated above for formula V-1 and in which

  • Y51 and Y52, in each case independently of one another, denote H or F, and preferably
  • R51 denotes alkyl or alkenyl, and
  • X51 denotes F, Cl or —OCF3.


The compounds of the formula V-2 are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae V-2a to V-2e and/or from the group of the compounds of the formulae V-2f and V-2g:




embedded image


where in each case the compounds of the formula V-2a are excluded from the compounds of the formulae V-2b and V-2c, the compounds of the formula V-2b are excluded from the compounds of the formula V-2c and the compounds of the formula V-2f are excluded from the compounds of the formula V-2g, and in which the parameters have the respective meanings indicated above for formula V-1 and in which

  • Y51 and Y52, in each case independently of one another, denote H or F, and preferably
  • Y51 and Y52 denotes H and the other denotes H or F, preferably likewise denotes H.


The compounds of the formula V-3 are preferably compounds of the formula V-3a:




embedded image


in which the parameters have the respective meanings indicated above for formula V-1 and in which preferably


X51 denotes F, Cl, preferably F,


X52 denotes F, Cl or —OCF3, preferably —OCF3.


The compounds of the formula V-1a are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae V-1a-1 and V-1a-2:




embedded image


in which

  • R51 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1, in which
  • n denotes an integer in the range from 1 to 7, preferably in the range from 1 to 5 and particularly preferably 3 or 4.


The compounds of the formula V-1b are preferably compounds of the formula V-1 b-1:




embedded image


in which

  • R51 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1, in which
  • n denotes an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5.


The compounds of the formula V-1c are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae V-1c-1 to V-1c-4, particularly preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae V-1c-1 and V-1c-2:




embedded image


in which

  • R51 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1, in which
  • n denotes an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5.


The compounds of the formula V-1d are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae V-1d-1 and V-1d-2, particularly preferably the compound of the formula V-1d-2:




embedded image


in which

  • R51 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1, in which
  • n denotes an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5.


The compounds of the formula V-2a are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae V-2a-1 and V-2a-2, particularly preferably the compounds of the formula V-2a-1:




embedded image


in which

  • R51 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R52 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


Preferred combinations of (R51 and R52), in particular in the case of formula V-2a-1, are (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1), (CnH2n+1 and O—CmH2m+1), (CH2═CH—(CH2)Z and CmH2m+1), (CH2═CH—(CH2)Z and O—CmH2m+1) and (CnH2n+1 and (CH2)Z—CH═CH2).


Preferred compounds of the formula V-2b are the compounds of the formula V-2b-1:




embedded image


in which

  • R51 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R52 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The preferred combination of (R51 and R52) here is, in particular, (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1).


Preferred compounds of the formula V-2c are the compounds of the formula V-2c-1:




embedded image


in which

  • R51 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R52 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The preferred combination of (R51 and R52) here is, in particular, (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1).


Preferred compounds of the formula V-2d are the compounds of the formula V-2d-1:




embedded image


in which

  • R51 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R52 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The preferred combination of (R51 and R52) here is, in particular, (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1).


Preferred compounds of the formula V-2e are the compounds of the formula V-2e-1:




embedded image


in which

  • R51 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R52 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The preferred combination of (R51 and R52) here is, in particular, (CnH2n+1 and O—CmH2m+1)


Preferred compounds of the formula V-2f are the compounds of the formula V-2f-1:




embedded image


in which

  • R51 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R52 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The preferred combinations of (R51 and R52) here are, in particular, (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1) and (CnH2n+1 and O—CmH2m+1), particularly preferably (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1).


Preferred compounds of the formula V-2g are the compounds of the formula V-2g-1:




embedded image


in which

  • R51 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R52 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The preferred combinations of (R51 and R52) here are, in particular, (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1) and (CnH2n+1 and O—CmH2m+1), particularly preferably (CnH2n+1 and O—CmH2m+1).


The compounds of the formula VI are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae VI-1 to VI-5:




embedded image


in which

  • Z61 and Z62 denote —C≡C—, trans-CH═CH— or trans-CF═CF—, preferably —C≡C— or trans-CH═CH—, and the other occurring groups and parameters have the meaning given above under formula VI,


    and preferably
  • R61 and R62, independently of one another, denote H, unfluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms,
  • X62 denotes F, Cl, —OCF3 or —CN,


The compounds of the formula VI-1 are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae VI-1a and VI-1b, more preferably selected from compounds of the formula VI-1a:




embedded image


in which

  • R61 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R62 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The preferred combinations of (R61 and R62) here are, in particular, (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1) and (CnH2n+1 and O—CmH2m+1), in the case of formula VI-1a particularly preferably (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1) and in the case of formula VI-1 b particularly preferably (CnH2n+1 and O—CmH2m+1).


The compounds of the formula VI-3 are preferably selected from the compounds of the formula VI-3a to VI-3e:




embedded image


in which the parameters have the meaning given above under formula VI-3 and preferably

  • R61 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1, in which
  • n denotes an integer in the range from 1 to 7, preferably in the range from 1 to 5, and
  • X62 denotes —F, —Cl, —OCF3, or —CN.


The compounds of the formula VI-4 are preferably selected from compounds of the formulae VI-4a to VI-4e:




embedded image


in which the parameters have the meaning given above under formula VI-4 and preferably

  • R61 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1, in which
  • n denotes an integer in the range from 1 to 7, preferably in the range from 1 to 5, and
  • X62 denotes F, Cl, OCF3, or —CN.


The compounds of the formula VI-5 are preferably selected from the compounds of the formulae VI-5a to VI-5d, preferably VI-5b:




embedded image


in which the parameters have the meaning given above under formula VI-5 and preferably

  • R61 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1, in which
  • n denotes an integer in the range from 1 to 7, preferably in the range from 1 to 5, and
  • X62 denotes —F, —Cl, —OCF3, or —CN, particularly preferably —OCF3.


The compounds of the formula VII are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae VII-1 to VII-6:




embedded image


where the compounds of the formula VII-5 are excluded from the compounds of the formula VII-6, and


in which the parameters have the respective meanings indicated above for formula VII,


Y71, Y72, Y73 independently from one another, denote H or F,


and preferably

  • R71 denotes unfluorinated alkyl or alkoxy, each having 1 to 7 C atoms, or unfluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms,
  • R72 denotes unfluorinated alkyl or alkoxy, each having 1 to 7 C atoms, or unfluorinated alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms,
  • X72 denotes F, Cl; NCS or -00 F3, preferably F or NCS, and


    particularly preferably
  • R71 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R72 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The compounds of the formula VII-1 are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae VII-1a to VII-1d:




embedded image


in which X72 has the meaning given above for formula VII-2 and

  • R71 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1, in which
  • n denotes 1 to 7, preferably 2 to 6, particularly preferably 2, 3 or 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2, and
  • X72 preferably denotes F.


The compounds of the formula VII-2 are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae VII-2a and VII-2b, particularly preferably of the formula VII-2a:




embedded image


in which

  • R71 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R72 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The preferred combinations of (R71 and R72) here are, in particular, (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1) and (CnH2n+1 and O—CmH2m+1), particularly preferably (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1).


The compounds of the formula VII-3 are preferably compounds of the formula VII-3a:




embedded image


in which

  • R71 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R72 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The preferred combinations of (R71 and R72) here are, in particular, (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1) and (CnH2n+1 and O—CmH2m+1), particularly preferably (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1).


The compounds of the formula VII-4 are preferably compounds of the formula VII-4a:




embedded image


in which

  • R71 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R72 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The preferred combinations of (R71 and R72) here are, in particular, (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1) and (CnH2n+1 and O—CmH2m+1), particularly preferably (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1).


The compounds of the formula VII-5 are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae VII-5a and VII-5b, more preferably of the formula VII-5a:




embedded image


in which

  • R71 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R72 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The preferred combinations of (R71 and R72) here are, in particular, (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1) and (CnH2n+1 and O—CmH2m+1), particularly preferably (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1).


The compounds of the formula VII-6 are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae VII-6a and VII-6b:




embedded image


in which

  • R71 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R72 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The preferred combinations of (R71 and R72) here are, in particular, (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1) and (CnH2n+1 and O—CmH2m+1), particularly preferably (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1).


The compounds of the formula VII-7 are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae VII-7a to VII-7d:




embedded image


in which

  • R71 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z,
  • X72 denotes F, —OCF3 or —NCS,
  • n denotes an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and,
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The compounds of the formula VIII are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae VIII-1 to VIII-3, more preferably these compounds of the formula VIII predominantly consist, even more preferably essentially consist and very particularly preferably completely consist thereof:




embedded image


in which


one of

  • Y81 and Y82 denotes H and the other denotes H or F, and
  • R81 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R82 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The preferred combinations of (R81 and R82) here are, in particular, (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1) and (CnH2n+1 and O—CmH2m+1), particularly preferably (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1).


The compounds of the formula VIII-1 are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae VIII-1a to VIII-1c:




embedded image


in which

  • R81 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R82 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The preferred combinations of (R81 and R82) here are, in particular, (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1) and (CnH2n+1 and O—CmH2m+1), particularly preferably (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1).


The compounds of the formula VIII-2 are preferably compounds of the formula VIII-2a:




embedded image


in which

  • R81 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R82 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1, or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The preferred combinations of (R81 and R82) here are, in particular, (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1), (CnH2n+1 and O—CmH2m+1) and (CH2═CH—(CH2)Z and CmH2m+1), particularly preferably (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1).


The compounds of the formula VIII-3 are preferably compounds of the formula VIII-3a:




embedded image


in which

  • R81 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R82 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The preferred combinations of (R81 and R82) here are, in particular, (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1) and (CnH2n+1 and O—CmH2m+1).


The compounds of the formula IX are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae IX-1 to IX-3:




embedded image


in which the parameters have the respective meaning indicated above under formula IX and preferably


one of




embedded image


to




embedded image




    • denotes







embedded image


and


in which

  • R91 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R92 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The preferred combinations of (R91 and R92) here are, in particular, (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1) and (CnH2n+1 and O—CmH2m+1).


The compounds of the formula IX-1 are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae IX-1a to IX-1e:




embedded image


in which the parameters have the meaning given above and preferably

  • R91 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1, and
  • n denotes an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • X92 preferably denotes F or Cl.


The compounds of the formula IX-2 are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae IX-2a and IX-2b:




embedded image


in which

  • R91 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R92 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The preferred combination of (R91 and R92) here is, in particular, (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1).


The compounds of the formula IX-3 are preferably compounds of the formulae IX-3a and IX-3b:




embedded image


in which

  • R91 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CnH2n+1 or CH2═CH—(CH2)Z, and
  • R92 has the meaning indicated above and preferably denotes CmH2m+1 or O—CmH2m+1 or (CH2)Z—CH═CH2, and in which
  • n and m, independently of one another, denote an integer in the range from 1 to 15, preferably in the range from 1 to 7 and particularly preferably 1 to 5, and
  • z denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2.


The preferred combinations of (R91 and R92) here are, in particular, (CnH2n+1 and CmH2m+1) and (CnH2n+1 and O—CmH2m+1), particularly preferably (CnH2n+1 and O—CmH2m+1).


In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula X




embedded image


in which

  • R101 denotes H, alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 15, preferably 3 to 10, C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 15, preferably 3 to 10, C atoms, preferably alkyl or alkenyl,
  • X101 denotes H, F, Cl, —CN, SF5, NCS, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms or fluorinated alkenyl, fluorinated alkenyloxy or fluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably fluorinated alkoxy, fluorinated alkenyloxy, F, Cl or NCS, particularly preferably NCS,
  • Y101 denotes methyl, ethyl or Cl,
  • Y102 denotes H, methyl, ethyl, F or Cl, preferably H or F,
  • Z101, Z102 identically or differently, denote a single bond, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF— or —C═C—,




embedded image


independently of one another, denote




embedded image




    • preferably







embedded image


and where




embedded image


alternatively denotes




embedded image


and


n is 0 or 1.


Preferably, the compounds of formula X are selected from the sub-formulae X-1 and X-2




embedded image


in which the occurring groups and parameters have the meanings given above for formula X.


Particularly preferably, the media according to the invention comprise one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the formulae X-1-1 to X-1-9




embedded image


In a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula XI




embedded image




    • in which

    • RS denotes H, alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, in which one or more CH2-groups may be replaced by







embedded image


and in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by F,




embedded image


on each occurrence, independently of one another, denote




embedded image




    • in which RL, on each occurrence identically or differently, denotes H, Cl or straight chain, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms,

    • LS1, LS2 identically or differently, denote H, Cl or F,

    • RS1, RS2, identically or differently, denote H, alkyl or alkenyl, having up to 6 C atoms, or cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentenyl, or cyclopentyl,

    • RTh1, RTh2 identically or differently, denote H, alkyl or alkenyl or alkoxy, having up to 6 C atoms, or cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentenyl or cyclopentyl,

    • ZS1, ZS2, ZS3 identically or differently, denote —CH═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —CF═CF—, —C≡C—, or a single bond,

    • a, b identically or differently, are 0 or 1.





Preferably, the compounds of formula XI are selected from the group of compounds of the formulae XI-1 to XI-24:




embedded image


embedded image


embedded image


in which the occurring groups have the meanings given above for formula XI and preferably

  • RS denotes alkyl or alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms, in which one or more CH2-groups may be replaced by




embedded image


  • RS1 and RS2 identically or differently, denote H or alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably H,

  • RS3 denotes H, F or alkyl, having up to 6 C atoms, or cyclopropyl, preferably H, F or ethyl, very preferably H,

  • LS1 and LS2 identically or differently, denote H or F, preferably F.



In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula XII




embedded image




    • in which

    • R12 denotes H, alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, or alkenyl, alkenyloxy or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, in which one or more CH2-groups may be replaced by







embedded image


or a group RP,

    • RP denotes halogen, CN, NCS, RF, RF—O— or RF—S—, wherein
      • RF denotes fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkenyl having up to 9 C atoms,
    • Z11, Z12 identically or differently, denote —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —C≡C— or a single bond, preferably —C≡C— or a single bond,
    • X11, X12,
    • X13 and X14 identically or differently, denote Cl or F, preferably F,
    • t is 0 or 1, and




embedded image






      • denote a radical selected from the following groups:



    • a) the group consisting of 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-naphthylene, and 2,6-naphthylene, in which one or two CH groups may be replaced by N and in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by L, wherein tetrafluoro-1,4-phenylene is excluded,

    • b) the group consisting of trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, 4,4′-bicyclohexylene, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, in which one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by —O— and/or —S— and in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by F,

    • c) the group consisting of thiophene-2,5-diyl, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl, selenophene-2,5-diyl, each of which may also be mono- or polysubstituted by L,

    • L on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes F, Cl, CN, SCN, SF5 or straight-chain or branched, in each case optionally fluorinated, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 C atoms.





The compounds of formula XII are preferably selected from the group of compounds of the sub-formulae XII-1 to XII-11




embedded image


embedded image


in which

  • L1, L2 and L3 identically or differently, denote H, F, Cl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclopentenyl, and


    RT, X11, X12, X13 and X14 have the meanings given above, very preferably RT denotes alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms and X11, X12, X13 and X14 denote F.


In a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula T




embedded image


in which

  • RT denotes halogen, CN, NCS, RF, RF—O— or RF—S—, wherein
    • RF denotes fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkenyl having up to 12 C atoms,




embedded image






      • on each occurrence, independently of one another, denote









embedded image


  • L4 and L5 identically or differently, denote F, Cl or straight chain or branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl each having up to 12 C atoms;

  • ZT3, ZT4 identically or differently, denote —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —C≡C— or a single bond, and

  • t is 0 or 1.



In a preferred embodiment, the liquid crystalline media according to the invention comprise one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the formulae T-1a to T-3b below:




embedded image


in which




embedded image


have the meanings given above and


n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4, particularly preferably 1.


In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention the media comprise one or more compounds selected from the compounds of the formulae T-1a and T-2a.


Preferred compounds of formula T-1a are selected from the group of compounds of the following sub-formulae:




embedded image


in which n is 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 1.


Preferred compounds of formula T-2a are selected from the group of compounds of the following sub-formulae:




embedded image


in which n is 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 1.


Very preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula T-1a-5.


In an embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X in which the radical R1, R2, R3, R41, R42, R51, R52, R61, R62, R71, R72, R81, R82, R91, R92, R101, R102 and RS, respectively, is a cyclic alkyl group.


Very preferred compounds comprising a cyclic alkyl group are selected from the compounds of the formulae Cy-1 to Cy-14




embedded image


embedded image


The media according to the present invention comprise one or more chiral dopants. Preferably these chiral dopants have an absolute value of the helical twisting power (HTP) in the range of from 1 μm−1 to 150 μm−1, preferably in the range of from 10 μm−1 to 100 μm−1. In case the media comprise two or more chiral dopants, these may have opposite signs of their HTP-values. This condition is preferred for some specific embodiments, as it allows to compensate the chirality of the respective compounds to some degree and, thus, may be used to compensate various temperature dependent properties of the resulting media in the devices. Generally, however, it is preferred that most, preferably all of the chiral compounds present in the media according to the present invention have the same sign of their HTP-values.


Preferably the chiral dopants present in the media according to the instant application are mesogenic compounds and most preferably they exhibit a mesophase on their own.


In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium comprises two or more chiral compounds which all have the same algebraic sign of the HTP.


The temperature dependence of the HTP of the individual compounds may be high or low. The temperature dependence of the pitch of the medium can be compensated by mixing compounds having different temperature dependencies of the HTP in corresponding ratios.


For the optically active component, a multitude of chiral dopants, some of which are commercially available, is available to the person skilled in the art, such as, for example, cholesteryl nonanoate, R- and S-811, R- and S-1011, R- and S-2011, R- and S-3011, R- and S-4011, or CB15 (all Merck KGaA, Darmstadt).


Particularly suitable dopants are compounds which contain one or more chiral groups and one or more mesogenic groups, or one or more aromatic or alicyclic groups which form a mesogenic group with the chiral group.


Suitable chiral groups are, for example, chiral branched hydrocarbon radicals, chiral ethane diols, binaphthols or dioxolanes, furthermore mono- or polyvalent chiral groups selected from the group consisting of sugar derivatives, sugar alcohols, sugar acids, lactic acids, chiral substituted glycols, steroid derivatives, terpene derivatives, amino acids or sequences of a few, preferably 1-5, amino acids.


Preferred chiral groups are sugar derivatives, such as glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, arabinose and dextrose; sugar alcohols, such as, for example, sorbitol, mannitol, iditol, galactitol or anhydro derivatives thereof, in particular dianhydrohexitols, such as dianhydrosorbide (1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-sorbide, isosorbide), dianhydromannitol (isosorbitol) or dianhydroiditol (isoiditol); sugar acids, such as, for example, gluconic acid, gulonic acid and ketogulonic acid; chiral substituted glycol radicals, such as, for example, mono- or oligoethylene or propylene glycols, in which one or more CH2 groups are substituted by alkyl or alkoxy; amino acids, such as, for example, alanine, valine, phenylglycine or phenylalanine, or sequences of from 1 to 5 of these amino acids; steroid derivatives, such as, for example, cholesteryl or cholic acid radicals; terpene derivatives, such as, for example, menthyl, neomenthyl, campheyl, pineyl, terpineyl, isolongifolyl, fenchyl, carreyl, myrthenyl, nopyl, geraniyl, linaloyl, neryl, citronellyl or dihydrocitronellyl.


The media according to the present invention preferably comprise chiral dopants which are selected from the group of known chiral dopants. Suitable chiral groups and mesogenic chiral compounds are described, for example, in DE 34 25 503, DE 35 34 777, DE 35 34 778, DE 35 34 779 and DE 35 34 780, DE 43 42 280, EP 01 038 941 and DE 195 41 820. Examples are also compounds listed in Table F below.


Chiral compounds preferably used according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of the formulae shown below.


Particular preference is given to chiral dopants selected from the group consisting of compounds of the following formulae A-I to A-III and A-Ch:




embedded image


in which

  • Ra11, Ra12 and Rb12, independently of one another, denote alkyl having 1 to 15 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may each be replaced, independently of one another, by —C(Rz)═C(Rz)—, —C≡C—, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO— or —O—CO—O— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, preferably alkyl, more preferably n-alkyl, with the proviso that Ra12 is different from Rb12
  • Ra21 and Ra22, independently of one another, denote alkyl having 1 to 15 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may each be replaced, independently of one another, by —C(Rz)═C(Rz)—, —C≡C—, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —O—CO—, —O—CO— or —O—CO—O— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, preferably both are alkyl, more preferably n-alkyl,
  • Ra31, Ra32 and Rb32, independently of one another, denote straight-chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 15 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may each be replaced, independently of one another, by —C(Rz)═C(Rz)—, —C≡C—, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO— or —O—CO—O— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, preferably alkyl, more preferably n-alkyl, with the proviso that Ra32 is different from Rb32;
  • Rz denotes H, CH3, F, Cl, or CN, preferably H or F,
  • R8 has one of the meanings of Ra11 given above, preferably alkyl, more preferably n-alkyl having 1 to 15 C atoms,
  • Z8 denotes —C(O)O—, CH2O, CF2O or a single bond, preferably —C(O)O—,
  • A11 is defined as A12 below, or alternatively denotes




embedded image


  • A12 denotes





embedded image




    • preferably







embedded image




    • in which

    • L12 on each occurrence, independently of one another, denotes halogen, CN, or alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy or alkenyloxy having up to 12 C atoms and in which one or more H atoms are optionally replaced with halogen, preferably methyl, ethyl, Cl or F, particularly preferably F,



  • A21 denotes





embedded image


  • A22 has the meanings given for A12

  • A31 has the meanings given for A11,
    • or alternatively denotes





embedded image


  • A32 has the meanings given for A12.

  • n2 on each occurrence, identically or differently, is 0, 1 or 2, and

  • n3 is 1, 2 or 3, and

  • r is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.



Particular preference is given to dopants selected from the group consisting of the compounds of the following formulae:




embedded image


embedded image


in which


m is, on each occurrence, identically or differently, an integer from 1 to 9 and


n is, on each occurrence, identically or differently, an integer from 2 to 9.


Particularly preferred compounds of formula A are compounds of formula A-III. Further preferred dopants are derivatives of the isosorbide, isomannitol or isoiditol of the following formula A-IV:




embedded image




    • in which the group







embedded image


is




embedded image


preferably dianhydrosorbitol,


and chiral ethane diols, such as, for example, diphenylethanediol (hydrobenzoin), in particular mesogenic hydrobenzoin derivatives of the following formula A-V:




embedded image


including the (S,S) enantiomers, which are not shown,


in which




embedded image




    • are each, independently of one another, 1,4-phenylene, which may also be mono-, di- or trisubstituted by L, or 1,4-cyclohexylene,



  • L is H, F, Cl, CN or optionally halogenated alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1-7 carbon atoms,

  • c is 0 or 1,

  • X is CH2 or —C(O)—,

  • Z0 is —COO—, —OCO—, —CH2CH2— or a single bond, and

  • R0 is alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or alkylcarbonyloxy having 1-12 carbon atoms.



Examples of compounds of formula IV are:




embedded image


embedded image


The compounds of the formula A-IV are described in WO 98/00428. The compounds of the formula A-V are described in GB-A-2,328,207.


Very particularly preferred dopants are chiral binaphthyl derivatives, as described in WO 02/94805, chiral binaphthol acetal derivatives, as described in WO 02/34739, chiral TADDOL derivatives, as described in WO 02/06265, and chiral dopants having at least one fluorinated bridging group and a terminal or central chiral group, as described in WO 02/06196 and WO 02/06195.


Particular preference is given to chiral compounds of the formula A-VI




embedded image


in which

  • X1, X2, Y1 and Y2 are each, independently of one another, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, SCN, SF5, straight-chain or branched alkyl having from 1 to 25 carbon atoms, which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by F, Cl, Br, I or CN and in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may each, independently of one another, be replaced by —O—, —S—, —NH—, NRx—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCOO—, —S—CO—, —CO—S—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not bonded directly to one another, a polymerisable group or cycloalkyl or aryl having up to 20 carbon atoms, which may optionally be monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen, preferably F, or by a polymerisable group,
  • x1 and x2 are each, independently of one another, 0, 1 or 2,
  • y1 and y2 are each, independently of one another, 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4,
  • B1 and B2 are each, independently of one another, an aromatic or partially or fully saturated aliphatic six-membered ring in which one or more CH groups may each be replaced by N and one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may each be replaced by O or S,
  • W1 and W2 are each, independently of one another, —Z1-A1-(Z2-A2)m-R, and one of the two is alternatively R1 or A3, but both are not simultaneously H, or

    custom-character is




embedded image


  • U1 and U2 are each, independently of one another, CH2, O, S, CO or CS,

  • V1 and V2 are each, independently of one another, (CH2)n, in which from one to four non-adjacent CH2 groups may each be replaced by O or S, and one of V1 and V2 and, in the case where

    custom-character is





embedded image




    • both are a single bond,



  • n is 1, 2 or 3

  • Z1 and Z2 are each, independently of one another, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —O—COO—, —CO—NRx—, —NRx—CO—, —O—CH2—, —CH2—O—, —S—CH2—, —CH2—S—, —CF2—O—, —O—CF2—, —CF2—S—, —S—CF2—, —CH2—CH2—, —CF2—CH2—, —CH2—CF2—, —CF2—CF2—, —CH═N—, —N═CH—, —N═N—, —CH═CH—, —CF═CH—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CF—, —C≡C—, a combination of two of these groups, where no two O and/or S and/or N atoms are bonded directly to one another, preferably —CH═CH—COO—, or —COO—CH═CH—, or a single bond,

  • Rx denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms,

  • A1, A2 and A3 are each, independently of one another, 1,4-phenylene, in which one or two non-adjacent CH groups may each be replaced by N, 1,4-cyclohexylene, in which one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups may each be replaced by O or S, 1,3-dioxolane-4,5-diyl, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene, piperidine-1,4-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, where each of these groups may be monosubstituted or polysubstituted by L, and in addition A1 can be a single bond,

  • L is a halogen atom, preferably F, CN, NO2, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1-7 carbon atoms, in which one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F or Cl,

  • m is in each case, independently, 0, 1, 2 or 3, and

  • R and R1 are each, independently of one another, H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, SCN, SF5, straight-chain or branched alkyl having from 1 or 3 to 25 carbon atoms respectively, which may optionally be monosubstituted or polysubstituted by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, and in which one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may each be replaced by —O—, —S—, —NH—, —NR0—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —O—COO—, —S—CO—, —CO—S—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, where no two O and/or S atoms are bonded directly to one another, or a polymerisable group.



Particular preference is given to chiral binaphthyl derivatives of the formula A-VI-1




embedded image


in which ring B, R0 and Z0 are as defined for the formulae A-IV and A-V, and b is 0, 1, or 2,


in particular those selected from the following formulae A-VI-1a to A-VI-1c:




embedded image


in which ring B, R0, and Z0 are as defined for the formula A-VI-1, and

  • R0 as defined for formula A-IV or H or alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and
  • b is 0, 1 or 2,


    and Z0 is, in particular, —OC(O)— or a single bond.


The concentration of the one or more chiral dopant(s), in the LC medium is preferably in the range from 0.001% to 20%, preferably from 0.05% to 5%, more preferably from 0.1% to 2%, and, most preferably from 0.5% to 1.5%. These preferred concentration ranges apply in particular to the chiral dopant S-4011 or R-4011 (both from Merck KGaA) and for chiral dopants having the same or a similar HTP. For Chiral dopants having either a higher or a lower absolute value of the HTP compared to S-4011 these preferred concentrations have to be decreased, respectively increased proportionally according to the ratio of their HTP values relatively to that of S-4011.


The pitch p of the LC media or host mixtures according to the invention is preferably in the range of from 5 to 50 μm, more preferably from 8 to 30 μm and particularly preferably from 10 to 20 μm.


Preferably, the media according to the invention, comprise a stabilizer selected from the group of compounds of the formulae ST-1 to ST-18.




embedded image


embedded image


embedded image


embedded image


in which

  • RST denotes H, an alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 15 C atoms, where, in addition, one or more CH2 groups in these radicals may each be replaced, independently of one another, by —C≡C—, —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —CH═CH—,




embedded image


—O—, —CO—O—, —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen,




embedded image


denotes




embedded image


embedded image


embedded image


  • ZST each, independently of one another, denote —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —CH2—, —CH2CH2—, —(CH2)4—, —CH═CH—CH2O—, —C2F4—, —CH2CF2—, —CF2CH2—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C— or a single bond,

  • L1 and L2 each, independently of one another, denote F, Cl, CF3 or CHF2,

  • p denotes 1 or 2,

  • q denotes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.



Of the compounds of the formula ST, special preference is given to the compounds of the formulae




embedded image




    • in which n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, preferably n=1 or 7







embedded image




    • in which n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, preferably n=3







embedded image




    • in which n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, preferably n=3







embedded image


embedded image


In the compounds of the formulae ST-3a and ST-3b, n preferably denotes 3. In the compounds of the formula ST-2a, n preferably denotes 7.


Very particularly preferred mixtures according to the invention comprise one or more stabilizers from the group of the compounds of the formulae ST-2a-1, ST-3a-1, ST-3b-1, ST-8-1, ST-9-1 and ST-12:




embedded image


embedded image


The compounds of the formulae ST-1 to ST-18 are preferably each present in the liquid-crystal mixtures according to the invention in amounts of 0.005-0.5%, based on the mixture.


If the mixtures according to the invention comprise two or more compounds from the group of the compounds of the formulae ST-1 to ST-18, the concentration correspondingly increases to 0.01-1% in the case of two compounds, based on the mixtures.


However, the total proportion of the compounds of the formulae ST-1 to ST-18, based on the mixture according to the invention, should not exceed 2%.


The compounds according to the present invention can be synthesized by or in analogy to known methods described in the literature (for example in the standard works such as Houben-Weyl, Methoden der Organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart), under reaction conditions which are known and suitable for said reactions. Use may also be made here of variants which are known per se, but are not mentioned here. In particular, they can be prepared as described in or in analogy to the following reaction schemes. Further methods for preparing the inventive compounds can be taken from the examples.


Other mesogenic compounds which are not explicitly mentioned above can optionally and advantageously also be used in the media in accordance with the present invention. Such compounds are known to the person skilled in the art.


In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the total concentration of compounds of formula U in the liquid-crystalline medium is 1% or more, preferably 4% or more, very preferably 7% or more and particularly preferably 9% or more.


In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid-crystalline media preferably comprise in total 2% to 30%, preferably 5% to 25% and particularly preferably 10% to 20% of compounds of formula U.


In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid-crystalline media comprise in total 10% to 45%, preferably 15% to 40% and particularly preferably 20% to 35% of compounds of formula T, preferably selected from the formulae T-1a, T-2a and T-3a, very preferably from T-1a-5 and T-2a-4.


In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid-crystalline media comprise in total 15% to 35%, preferably 18% to 32% and particularly preferably 20% to 30% of compounds of formulae T-1a.


In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula I, preferably of formula I-2 over I-3, in a total concentration in the range of from 2% to 50%, more preferably from 5% to 30%, and particularly preferably from 10% to 25%.


In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula I-2, preferably of formula I-2c and/or I-2d in a total concentration in the range of from 1% to 30%, more preferably from 5% to 25%, and particularly preferably from 10% to 20%.


In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula I-3, preferably of formula I-3b and/or I-3d in a total concentration in the range of from 1% to 35%, more preferably from 10% to 30%, and particularly preferably from 15% to 25%.


In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula II, preferably of formula II-1, in a total concentration of 5% to 30%, more preferably 10% to 25%, particularly preferably 12% to 20%.


In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IIA-1 in a total concentration of 5% to 25%, more preferably 8% to 20%, particularly preferably 10% to 15%.


In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula II-1 in an total concentration of 30% or less, more preferably 25% or less, particularly preferably 20% or less.


In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III, preferably III-1 and/or III-2, more preferably III-1i and/or III-1b, in a total concentration of 15% to 70%, more preferably 25% to 60%, particularly preferably 35% to 50%.


Further preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken alone or in combination with one another, are as follows, wherein some compounds are abbreviated using the acronyms given in Table C below:

    • The medium comprises one, two, three, four or more compounds of formula III-1, preferably selected from the compounds of the formulae III-1b, III-1f and III-1i; more preferably of III-1b and III-1i;
    • The medium comprises a compound of formula III-1b, preferably in a total concentration in the range of from 2% to 30%, more preferably 5% to 25%, in particular 10% to 20%;
    • The medium comprises a compound of formula III-1 b in a total concentration of 10% or more;
    • The medium comprises a compound of formula III-1i, preferably in a total concentration in the range of from 10% to 40%, more preferably 15% to 38%, in particular 20% to 35%;
    • The medium comprises the compound PPU-TO-S and/or PPTU-TO-S and/or PTPU-TO-S and/or PP(1)-TO-S;
    • The medium comprises one or more compounds of formula U and one or more compounds of formula T, preferably in a total concentration in the range of from 25% to 55%, in particular of 30% to 50%;
    • The medium comprises one or more compounds of formula I-2d, preferably the compounds PGU-2-S and/or PGU-3-S and/or PGU-4-S;
    • The medium comprises one or more compounds of formula I-2d and formula II-1 b, preferably the compounds PGU-3-S and/or PGU-4-S and PTU-3-S and/or PTU-4-S and/or PTU-5-S;
    • The medium comprises one or more compounds of formula PPTU-n-S and/or PTPU-n-S in an total concentration in the range of from 10 to 20%;
    • The medium comprises one or more compounds of formula PPTU-n-S and/or PTPU-n-S and/or PGTU-n-S in a total concentration in the range of from 15 to 30%, where n is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
    • The medium comprises a compound of formula CPTU-n-S and PPTU-n-S, where n is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
    • The medium comprises a compound of formula XII-3, preferably of the formula CPU(F,F)-n-S where n is 2, 3, 4 or 5;
    • The medium comprises one or more compounds of formula ST-3, preferably ST-3a and/or ST-3b, particularly preferably ST-3b-1, in a total concentration in the range of from 0.01 to 1%, preferably from 0.05 to 0.5%, particularly from 0.10 to 0.15%.


The liquid-crystal media in accordance with the present invention preferably have a clearing point of 90° C. or more, more preferably 100° C. or more, more preferably 110° C. or more, more preferably 120° C. or more, more preferably 130° C. or more, particularly preferably 140° C. or more and very particularly preferably 150° C. or more.


The liquid-crystal media in accordance with the present invention preferably have a clearing point of 160° C. or less, more preferably 140° C. or less, particularly preferably 120° C. or less, and very particularly preferably 100° C. or less.


The nematic phase of the media according to the invention preferably extends at least from 0° C. or less to 90° C. or more. It is advantageous for the media according to the invention to exhibit even broader nematic phase ranges, preferably at least from −10° C. or less to 120° C. or more, very preferably at least from −20° C. or less to 140° C. or more and in particular at least from −30° C. or less to 150° C. or more, very particularly preferably at least from −40° C. or less to 170° C. or more.


The Δε of the liquid-crystal medium according to the present invention, at 1 kHz and 20° C., is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 2 or more and very preferably 3 or more.


The birefringence (Δn) of the liquid-crystal media according to the present invention, at 589 nm (NaD) and 20° C., is preferably 0.280 or more, more preferably 0.300 or more, even more preferably 0.320 or more, very preferably 0.330 or more and in particular 0.350 or more.


The Δn of the liquid-crystal media according to the present invention, at 589 nm (NaD) and 20° C., is preferably in the range from 0.200 to 0.900, more preferably in the range from 0.250 to 0.800, even more preferably in the range from 0.300 to 0.700 and very particularly preferably in the range from 0.350 to 0.600.


In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the Δn of the liquid-crystal media in accordance with the present invention is preferably 0.50 or more, more preferably 0.55 or more.


The compounds of the formulae I to III in each case include dielectrically positive compounds having a dielectric anisotropy of greater than 3, dielectrically neutral compounds having a dielectric anisotropy of less than 3 and greater than −1.5 and dielectrically negative compounds having a dielectric anisotropy of −1.5 or less.


The compounds of the formulae I, II and III are preferably dielectrically positive.


In the present application, the expression dielectrically positive describes compounds or components where Δε>3.0, dielectrically neutral describes those where −1.5≤Δε≤3.0 and dielectrically negative describes those where Δε<−1.5. Δε is determined at a frequency of 1 kHz and at 20° C. The dielectric anisotropy of the respective compound is determined from the results of a solution of 10% of the respective individual compound in a nematic host mixture. If the solubility of the respective compound in the host mixture is less than 10%, the concentration is reduced to 5%. The capacitances of the test mixtures are determined both in a cell having homeotropic alignment and in a cell having homogeneous alignment. The cell thickness of both types of cells is approximately 20 μm. The voltage applied is a rectangular wave having a frequency of 1 kHz and an effective value of typically 0.5 V to 1.0 V, but it is always selected to be below the capacitive threshold of the respective test mixture.


Δε is defined as (ε−ε), while εave. is (ε+2 ε)/3.


The host mixture used for the determination of physical constants of pure compounds by extrapolation is ZLI-4792 from Merck KGaA, Germany. The absolute values of the dielectric constants, the birefringence (Δn) and the rotational viscosity (γ1) of the compounds are determined from the change in the respective values of the host mixture on addition of the compounds. The concentration in the host is 10% or in case of insufficient solubility 5%. The values are extrapolated to a concentration of 100% of the added compounds.


In the examples, the phase sequences of pure compounds are given using the following abbreviations:


Tg: glass transition, K: crystalline, N: nematic, SmA: smectic A, SmB: smectic B, I: isotropic.


Components having a nematic phase at the measurement temperature of 20° C. are measured as such, all others are treated like compounds.


The expression threshold voltage in the present application refers to the optical threshold and is quoted for 10% relative contrast (V10), and the expression saturation voltage refers to the optical saturation and is quoted for 90% relative contrast (V90), in both cases unless expressly stated otherwise. The capacitive threshold voltage (V0), also called the Freedericks threshold (VFr), is only used if expressly mentioned.


The parameter ranges indicated in this application all include the limit values, unless expressly stated otherwise.


The different upper and lower limit values indicated for various ranges of properties in combination with one another give rise to additional preferred ranges.


Throughout this application, the following conditions and definitions apply, unless expressly stated otherwise. All concentrations are quoted in percent by weight and relate to the respective mixture as a whole, all temperatures are quoted in degrees Celsius and all temperature differences are quoted in differential degrees. All physical properties are determined in accordance with “Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals”, Status November 1997, Merck KGaA, Germany, and are quoted for a temperature of 20° C., unless expressly stated otherwise. The optical anisotropy (Δn) is determined at a wavelength of 589.3 nm. The dielectric anisotropy (Δε) is determined at a frequency of 1 kHz. The threshold voltages, as well as all other electro-optical properties, are determined using test cells produced at Merck KGaA, Germany. The test cells for the determination of Δε have a cell thickness of approximately 20 μm. The electrode is a circular ITO electrode having an area of 1.13 cm2 and a guard ring. The orientation layers are SE-1211 from Nissan Chemicals, Japan, for homeotropic orientation (ε) and polyimide AL-1054 from Japan Synthetic Rubber, Japan, for homogeneous orientation (ε). The capacitances are determined using a Solatron 1260 frequency response analyzer using a sine wave with a voltage of 0.3 Vrms. The light used in the electro-optical measurements is white light. A set-up using a commercially available DMS instrument from Autronic-Melchers, Germany, is used here. The characteristic voltages have been determined under perpendicular observation. The threshold (V10), mid-grey (V50) and saturation (V90) voltages have been determined for 10%, 50% and 90% relative contrast, respectively.


The liquid-crystalline media are investigated with respect to their properties in the microwave frequency range as described in A. Penirschke et al. “Cavity Perturbation Method for Characterization of Liquid Crystals up to 35 GHz”, 34th European Microwave Conference—Amsterdam, pp. 545-548. Compare in this respect also A. Gaebler et al. “Direct Simulation of Material Permittivities . . . ”, 12MTC 2009—International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Singapore, 2009 (IEEE), pp. 463-467, and DE 10 2004 029 429 A, in which a measurement method is likewise described in detail.


The liquid crystal is introduced into a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or quartz capillary. The capillary has an inner diameter of 0.5 mm and an outer diameter of 0.78 mm. The effective length is 2.0 cm. The filled capillary is introduced into the center of the cylindrical cavity with a resonance frequency of 19 GHz. This cavity has a length of 11.5 mm and a radius of 6 mm. The input signal (source) is then applied, and the frequency depending response of the cavity is recorded using a commercial vector network analyzer (N5227A PNA Microwave Network Analyzer, Keysight Technologies Inc. USA. For other frequencies, the dimensions of the cavity are adapted correspondingly.


The change in the resonance frequency and the Q factor between the measurement with the capillary filled with the liquid crystal and the measurement without the capillary filled with the liquid crystal is used to determine the dielectric constant and the loss angle at the corresponding target frequency by means of equations 10 and 11 in the above-mentioned publication A. Penirschke et al., 34th European Microwave Conference—Amsterdam, pp. 545-548, as described therein.


The values for the components of the properties perpendicular and parallel to the director of the liquid crystal are obtained by alignment of the liquid crystal in a magnetic field. To this end, the magnetic field of a permanent magnet is used. The strength of the magnetic field is 0.35 tesla.


Preferred components are phase shifters, varactors, wireless and radio wave antenna arrays, matching circuit adaptive filters and others.


In the present application, the term compounds is taken to mean both one compound and a plurality of compounds, unless expressly stated otherwise.


All mixtures according to the invention are nematic. The liquid-crystal media according to the invention preferably have nematic phases in preferred ranges given above. The expression have a nematic phase here means on the one hand that no smectic phase and no crystallization are observed at low temperatures at the corresponding temperature and on the other hand that no clearing occurs on heating from the nematic phase. At high temperatures, the clearing point is measured in capillaries by conventional methods. The investigation at low temperatures is carried out in a flow viscometer at the corresponding temperature and checked by storage of bulk samples: The storage stability in the bulk (LTS) of the media according to the invention at a given temperature T is determined by visual inspection. 2 g of the media of interest are filled into a closed glass vessel (bottle) of appropriate size placed in a refrigerator at a predetermined temperature. The bottles are checked at defined time intervals for the occurrence of smectic phases or crystallization. For every material and at each temperature two bottles are stored. If crystallization or the appearance of a smectic phase is observed in at least one of the two correspondent bottles the test is terminated and the time of the last inspection before the one at which the occurrence of a higher ordered phase is observed is recorded as the respective storage stability. The test is finally terminated after 1000 h, i.e an LTS value of 1000 h means that the mixture is stable at the given temperature for at least 1000 h.


The liquid crystals employed preferably have a positive dielectric anisotropy. This is preferably 2 or more, preferably 4 or more, particularly preferably 6 or more and very particularly preferably 10 or more.


Furthermore, the liquid-crystal media according to the invention are characterized by high anisotropy values in the microwave range. The birefringence at about 19 GHz is, for example, preferably 0.14 or more, particularly preferably 0.15 or more, particularly preferably 0.20 or more, particularly preferably 0.25 or more and very particularly preferably 0.30 or more. In addition, the birefringence is preferably 0.80 or less.


Above and below:

  • Vo denotes threshold voltage, capacitive [V] at 20° C.,
  • ne denotes extraordinary refractive index at 20° C. and 589 nm,
  • no denotes ordinary refractive index at 20° C. and 589 nm,
  • Δn denotes optical anisotropy at 20° C. and 589 nm,
  • ε denotes dielectric permittivity perpendicular to the director at 20° C. and 1 kHz,
  • ε denotes dielectric permittivity parallel to the director at 20° C. and 1 kHz,
  • Δε denotes dielectric anisotropy at 20° C. and 1 kHz,
  • cl.p., T(N,I) denotes clearing point [° C.],
  • γ1 denotes rotational viscosity measured at 20° C. [mPa·s],
  • K1 denotes elastic constant, “splay” deformation at 20° C. [pN],
  • K2 denotes elastic constant, “twist” deformation at 20° C. [pN],
  • K3 denotes elastic constant, “bend” deformation at 20° C. [pN],
  • Kavg. denotes the average elastic constant defined as Kavg.=⅓(1.5K1+K3) at 20° C. [pN], and
  • LTS denotes low-temperature stability (nematic phase), determined in test cells or in the bulk, as specified.


The dielectric anisotropy in the microwave range is defined as





Δεr≡(εr,∥−εr,⊥)


The tunability (τ) is defined as





τ≡(Δεrr,∥)


The material quality (η) is defined as





η≡(τ/tan δεr,max), where


the maximum dielectric loss is





tan δεr,max≡max. {tan δεr,⊥;tan δεr,∥}.


The tunability τ of the medium according to the invention, measured at 20° C. and 19 GHz is 0.250 or more, preferably 0.300 or more, 0.310 or more, 0.320 or more, 0.330 or more, or 0.340 or more, very preferably 0.345 or more and in particular 0.350 or more.


The material quality (η) of the preferred liquid-crystal materials is 6 or more, preferably 8 or more, preferably 10 or more, preferably 15 or more, preferably 17 or more, preferably 20 or more, particularly preferably 25 or more and very particularly preferably 30 or more.


In the corresponding components, the preferred liquid-crystal materials have phase shifter qualities of 15°/dB or more, preferably 20°/dB or more, preferably 30°/dB or more, preferably 40°/dB or more, preferably 50°/dB or more, particularly preferably 80°/dB or more and very particularly preferably 100°/dB or more.


In some embodiments, however, liquid crystals having a negative value of the dielectric anisotropy can also advantageously be used.


The liquid crystals employed are either individual substances or mixtures. They preferably have a nematic phase.


The liquid-crystal media in accordance with the present invention may comprise further additives and chiral dopants in the usual concentrations. The total concentration of these further constituents is in the range from 0% to 10%, preferably 0.1% to 6%, based on the mixture as a whole. The concentrations of the individual compounds used are each preferably in the range from 0.1% to 3%. The concentration of these and similar additives is not taken into consideration when quoting the values and concentration ranges of the liquid-crystal components and liquid-crystal compounds of the liquid-crystal media in this application.


Preferably the media according to the present invention comprise one or more chiral compounds as chiral dopants in order to adjust their cholesteric pitch. Their total concentration in the media according to the instant invention is preferably in the range 0.05% to 15%, more preferably from 1% to 10% and most preferably from 2% to 6%.


Optionally the media according to the present invention may comprise further liquid crystal compounds in order to adjust the physical properties. Such compounds are known to the expert. Their concentration in the media according to the instant invention is preferably 0% to 30%, more preferably 0.1% to 20% and most preferably 1% to 15%.


The response times are given as rise time (τon) for the time for the change of the relative tuning, respectively of the relative contrast for the electro-optical response, from 0% to 90% (t90−t0), i.e. including the delay time (t10−t0), as decay time (τoff) for the time for the change of the relative tuning, respectively of the relative contrast for the electro-optical response, from 100% back to 10% (t100−t10) and as the total response time (τtotalonoff), respectively.


The liquid-crystal media according to the invention consist of a plurality of compounds, preferably 3 to 30, more preferably 4 to 20 and very preferably 4 to 16 compounds. These compounds are mixed in a conventional manner. In general, the desired amount of the compound used in the smaller amount is dissolved in the compound used in the larger amount. If the temperature is above the clearing point of the compound used in the higher concentration, it is particularly easy to observe completion of the dissolution process. It is, however, also possible to prepare the media in other conventional ways, for example using so-called pre-mixes, which can be, for example, homologous or eutectic mixtures of compounds, or using so-called “multibottle” systems, the constituents of which are themselves ready-to-use mixtures.


All temperatures, such as, for example, the melting point T(C,N) or T(C,S), the transition from the smectic (S) to the nematic (N) phase T(S,N) and the clearing point T(N,I) of the liquid crystals, are quoted in degrees Celsius. All temperature differences are quoted in differential degrees.


In the present invention and especially in the following examples, the structures of the mesogenic compounds are indicated by means of abbreviations, also referred to as acronyms. In these acronyms, the chemical formulae are abbreviated as follows using Tables A to D below. All radicals CnH2n+1, CmH2m+1, and ClH2l+1 or CnH2n−1, CmH2m−1 and ClH2l−1 denote straight-chain alkyl or alkenyl, preferably 1-E-alkenyl, respectively, in each case having n, m or I C atoms. Table A lists the codes used for the ring elements of the core structures of the compounds, while Table B shows the linking groups. Table C gives the meanings of the codes for the left-hand or right-hand end groups. Table D shows illustrative structures of compounds with their respective abbreviations.









TABLE A





Ring elements


















C


embedded image









D


embedded image


DI


embedded image







A


embedded image


AI


embedded image







G


embedded image


GI


embedded image







U


embedded image


UI


embedded image







U(F,F)


embedded image









Y


embedded image









M


embedded image


MI


embedded image







N


embedded image


NI


embedded image







Np


embedded image









N3f


embedded image


N3fI


embedded image







tH


embedded image


tHI


embedded image







tH2f


embedded image


tH2fI


embedded image







dH


embedded image









K


embedded image


KI


embedded image







L


embedded image


LI


embedded image







F


embedded image


FI


embedded image







P


embedded image


P(n,m)


embedded image







P(o)


embedded image


PI(o)


embedded image







P(i3)


embedded image


PI(ic3)


embedded image







P(t4)


embedded image


PI(t4)


embedded image







P(c3)


embedded image


PI(c3)


embedded image







P(c4)


embedded image


PI(c4)


embedded image







P(c5)


embedded image


PI(c5)


embedded image







P(e5)


embedded image


PI(e5)


embedded image







P(c6)


embedded image


PI(c6)


embedded image







P(e6)


embedded image


PI(e6)


embedded image







GI(o)


embedded image


G(o)


embedded image







GI(i3)


embedded image


G(i3)


embedded image







GI(t4)


embedded image


G(t4)


embedded image







GI(c3)


embedded image


G(c3)


embedded image







GI(c4)


embedded image


G(c4)


embedded image







GI(c5)


embedded image


G(c5)


embedded image







GI(e5)


embedded image


G(e5)


embedded image







GI(c6)


embedded image


G(c6)


embedded image







GI(e6)


embedded image


G(e6)


embedded image







Np(1,4)


embedded image


Th


embedded image


















TABLE B





Linking groups




















E
—CH2CH2
Z
—CO—O—



V
—CH═CH—
ZI
—O—CO—



X
—CF═CH—
O
—CH2—O—



XI
—CH═CF—
OI
—O—CH2



B
—CF═CF—
Q
—CF2—O—



T
—C≡C—
QI
—O—CF2



W
—CFCF2

















TABLE B







End groups








Left-hand side
Right-hand side










Used alone










-n-
CnH2n+1
-n
—CnH2n+1


-nO—
CnH2n+1—O—
—On
—O—CnH2n+1


—V—
CH2═CH—
—V
—CH═CH2


-nV—
CnH2n+1—CH═CH—
-nV
—CnH2n—CH═CH2


—Vn-
CH2═CH— CnH2n+1
—Vn
—CH═CH— CnH2n+1


-nVm-
CnH2n+1—CH═CH—CmH2m
-nVm
—CnH2n—CH═CH—CmH2m+1


—N—
N≡C—
—N
—C≡N


—S—
S═C═N—
—S
—N═C═S


—F—
F—
—F
—F


—CL—
Cl—
—CL
—Cl


—M—
CFH2
—M
—CFH2


—D—
CF2H—
—D
—CF2H


—T—
CF3
—T
—CF3


—MO—
CFH2O—
—OM
—OCFH2


—DO—
CF2HO—
—OD
—OCF2H


—TO—
CF3O—
—OT
—OCF3


—FXO—
CF2═CH—O—
—OXF
—O—CH═CF2


—A—
H—C≡C—
—A
—C≡C—H


-nA—
CnH2n+1—C≡C—
—An
—C≡C—CnH2n+1


—NA—
N≡C—C≡C—
—AN
—C≡C—C≡N





-(cn)-


embedded image


-(cn)


embedded image







-(cn)m-


embedded image


-m(cn)


embedded image












Used in combination with others










-...A...-
—C≡C—
-...A...
—C≡C—


-...V...-
—CH═CH—
-...V...
—CH═CH—


-...Z...-
—CO—O—
-...Z...
—CO—O—


-...ZI...-
—O—CO—
-...ZI...
—O—CO—


-...K...-
—CO—
-...K...
—CO—


-...W...-
—CF═CF—
-...W...
—CF═CF—










in which n and m each denote integers, and the three dots “ . . . ” are placeholders for other abbreviations from this table.


The following table shows illustrative structures together with their respective abbreviations. These are shown in order to illustrate the meaning of the rules for the abbreviations. They furthermore represent compounds which are preferably used.









TABLE C





Illustrative structures









embedded image

  UITU-n-S








embedded image

  UIPTU-n-S








embedded image

  PG-n-S








embedded image

  PU-n-S








embedded image

  PPG-n-S








embedded image

  PGG-n-S








embedded image

  PPU-n-S








embedded image

  GGP-n-S








embedded image

  PGU-n-S








embedded image

  CPG-n-S








embedded image

  CGG-n-S








embedded image

  CPU-n-S








embedded image

  CPU(F,F)-n-S








embedded image

  CGU-n-S








embedded image

  PVG-n-S








embedded image

  PVU-n-S








embedded image

  PTG-n-S








embedded image

  PTU-n-S








embedded image

  P(2)TU-n-S








embedded image

  PI(2)TU-n-S








embedded image

  PTP(1)-n-S








embedded image

  PTP(1,1)-n-S








embedded image

  PTU-Vn-OT








embedded image

  ThU-n-S








embedded image

  ThTU-n-S








embedded image

  PPTG-n-S








embedded image

  PGTG-n-S








embedded image

  PPTU-n-S








embedded image

  PP(1)TU-n-S








embedded image

  PTPU-n-S








embedded image

  PTPI(c3)TU-n-F








embedded image

  PTPI(2)WU-n-F








embedded image

  PTPI(2)GU-n-F








embedded image

  PTG(c3)TU-n-F








embedded image

  PTN(1,4)TP-n-F








embedded image

  PGP-n-m








embedded image

  PGP-F-OT








embedded image

  PGP-n-mV








embedded image

  PGP-n-mVI








embedded image

  PYP-n-m








embedded image

  GGP-n-F








embedded image

  GGP-n-CL








embedded image

  GGP-n-m








embedded image

  PGIGI-n-F








embedded image

  PGIGI-n-CL








embedded image

  PGU-n-F








embedded image

  PGU-n-CL








embedded image

  PGU-n-OT








embedded image

  PPU-T-S








embedded image

  PPU-TO-S








embedded image

  PPTU-TO-S








embedded image

  PPTU(F,F)-TO-S








embedded image

  PP(n)TU-TO-S








embedded image

  PTPU-TO-S








embedded image

  PTPTU-TO-S








embedded image

  PPTUI-n-m








embedded image

  PPTY-n-m








embedded image

  PGGP-n-m








embedded image

  PGIGP-n-m








embedded image

  PGIGP-n-Om








embedded image

  PGIGP-nO-m








embedded image

  PYGP-n-m








embedded image

  GGPP-n-m








embedded image

  PPGU-n-F








embedded image

  PPGU-Vn-F








embedded image

  CPTP-n-m








embedded image

  CPPC-n-m








embedded image

  CGPC-n-m








embedded image

  CCZPC-n-m








embedded image

  CPGP-n-m








embedded image

  CPGP-n-mV








embedded image

  CPGP-n-mVl








embedded image

  CGU-n-F








embedded image

  CCPU-n-F








embedded image

  CCGU-n-F








embedded image

  CPGU-n-F








embedded image

  CPGU-n-OT








embedded image

  PUQU-n-F








embedded image

  PGUQU-n-F








embedded image

  DPGU-n-F








embedded image

  DPGU-n-OT








embedded image

  APGP-n-m










The following illustrative structures are compounds, which are preferably additionally used in the media:


in which m and n, identically or differently, are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7.


Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds selected from the compounds of Table C.


The following table, Table D, shows illustrative compounds which can be used as alternative stabilizers in the mesogenic media in accordance with the present invention. The total concentration of these and similar compounds in the media is preferably 5% or less.









TABLE D









embedded image









embedded image









embedded image









embedded image









embedded image









embedded image









embedded image









embedded image









embedded image









embedded image









embedded image









embedded image









embedded image









embedded image











In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mesogenic media comprise one or more compounds selected from the group of the compounds from Table D. The following table, Table E, shows illustrative compounds which can preferably be used as chiral dopants in the mesogenic media in accordance with the present invention.









TABLE E









embedded image

  C 15








embedded image

  CB 15








embedded image

  CM 21








embedded image

  CM 44








embedded image

  CM 45








embedded image

  CM 47








embedded image

  CC








embedded image

  CN








embedded image

  R/S-811








embedded image

  R/S-1011








embedded image

  R/S-2011








embedded image

  R/S-3011








embedded image

  R/S-4011








embedded image

  R/S-5011










In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mesogenic media comprise one or more compounds selected from the group of the compounds of Table E.


The mesogenic media in accordance with the present application preferably comprise two or more, preferably four or more, compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds from the above tables.







EXAMPLES

The following examples illustrate the present invention without limiting it in any way. It is clear to the person skilled in the art from the physical properties what properties can be achieved and in what ranges they can be modified. In particular, the combination of the various properties which can preferably be achieved is thus well defined for the person skilled in the art.


Synthesis Examples
Abbreviations

RT room temperature (typically 20° C.±1° C.)


THF tetrahydrofuran


MTB ether methyl-tert-butyl ether


DCM dichloromethane


dist. distilled


Example 1: 2-Butyl-5-[2-[4-(3,5-difluoro-4-isothiocyanato-phenyl)phenyl]ethynyl]-1,3-difluoro-benzene
Step 1.1: 2-(4-Butyl-3,5-difluoro-phenyl)ethynyl-trimethyl-silane



embedded image


A mixture of 5-bromo-2-butyl-1,3-difluoro-benzene (CAS-no. 160976-00-1, 15.1 g, 61 mmol), trimethylsilyl acetylene (17.6 ml, 124 mmol), diisopropylamine (70 ml), copper(I)iodide (277 mg, 1.5 mmol) and bis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(II)chloride (1.7 g, 2.4 mmol) is heated at reflux temperature overnight. Then the reaction mixture is cooled to RT, and MTB ether and dist. water are added. The aqueous phase is separated and extracted with MTB ether. The combined organic phases are washed with brine, dried (sodium sulfate) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is purified by silica gel chromatography (n-heptane) to give 2-(4-butyl-3,5-difluoro-phenyl)ethynyl-trimethyl-silane as a yellow oil.


Step 1.2: 2-Butyl-5-ethynyl-1,3-difluoro-benzene



embedded image


Tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (1 M in THF, 60 ml) is added dropwise to a solution of 2-(4-butyl-3,5-difluoro-phenyl)ethynyl-trimethyl-silane (15.9 g, 60 mmol) in THF (350 ml) at RT, and the reaction mixture is stirred overnight. Then it is hydrolyzed by addition of HCl (1 A and dist. water, and MBT ether is added. The aqueous phase is separated and extracted with MTB ether. The combined organic phases are washed with brine, dried (sodium sulfate) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is purified by silica gel chromatography (heptane) to give 2-butyl-5-ethynyl-1,3-difluoro-benzene as a light yellow oil.


Step 1.3: 4-[4-[2-(4-Butyl-3,5-difluoro-phenyl)ethynyl]phenyl]-2,6-difluoro-aniline



embedded image


A solution of 2-butyl-5-ethynyl-1,3-difluoro-benzene (4.6 g, 24 mmol), 4-(4-bromophenyl)-2,6-difluoro-aniline (CAS-no. 2244281-20-5, 7.0 g, 23 mmol) and diisopropylamine (55 ml) in THF (60 ml) is heated at reflux temperature. Copper(I)iodide (4.4 mg), 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′4′6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl (22 mg) and chloro(2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′4′6′-triisopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl)(2′-amino-1,1′-biphenyl-2-yl)palladium(II) (37 mg) are added, and the reaction mixture is stirred at reflux temperature overnight. Then it is cooled to RT, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is purified by silica gel chromatography (heptane/MTB ether 5/1) and crystallization (heptane) to give 4-[4-[2-(4-butyl-3,5-difluoro-phenyl)ethynyl]phenyl]-2,6-difluoro-aniline as brown crystals.


Step 1.4: 2-Butyl-5-[2-[4-(3,5-difluoro-4-isothiocyanato-phenyl)phenyl]ethynyl]-1,3-difluoro-benzene



embedded image


A solution of 4-[4-[2-(4-butyl-3,5-difluoro-phenyl)ethynyl]phenyl]-2,6-difluoro-aniline (7.4 g, 19 mmol) and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (5.2 g, 47 mmol) in DCM (70 ml) is cooled to 0° C. and treated dropwise with thiophosgene (1.6 ml, 20 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred at RT for 60 min. Then it is hydrolyzed with brine, and the aqueous phase is separated and extracted with DCM. The combined organic phases are washed with brine, dried (sodium sulfate) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue is purified by silica gel chromatography (heptane) and crystallization (heptane) to give 2-butyl-5-[2-[4-(3,5-difluoro-4-isothiocyanato-phenyl)phenyl]ethynyl]-1,3-difluoro-benzene as light orange crystals.


Phase sequence: K 84 N 174 I. K 84 N 174.0 I


Δε=7.40


Δn=0.4180


γ1=735 mPas


In analogy to Synthesis Example 1 the following compounds are obtained:
















physical


No.
Compound
parameters







 2


embedded image


K 80 I Δε = 5.50 Δn = 0.3090 γ1 = 126 mPas





 3


embedded image


K 63 I Δε = 4.90 Δn = 0.2722 γ1 = 86 mPas





 4


embedded image


K 64 I Δε = 4.70 Δn = 0.2870 γ1 = 94 mPas





 5


embedded image


K 79 I Δε = 5.43 Δn = 0.2690 γ1 = 104 mPas





 6


embedded image


K 111 N 151.0 I Δε = 7.40 Δn = 0.3430 γ1 = 878 mPas





 7


embedded image


K 88 I Δε = 3.89 Δn = 0.2376 γ1 = 915 mPas





 8


embedded image


K 113 N 172.2 I Δε = 6.90 Δn = 0.4250 γ1 = 707 mPas





 9


embedded image


K 84 N 165.5 I Δε = 7.60 Δn = 0.4213 γ1 = 701 mPas





10


embedded image


K 73 N 170.0 I Δε = 7.60 Δn = 0.4180 γ1 = 753 mPas





11


embedded image








12


embedded image


K 114 I Δε = 4.70 Δn = 0.3770 γ1 = 947 mPas





13


embedded image








14


embedded image


K 107 SmB 110 SmA 168 N 217.6 Δε = 9.90 Δn = 0.4390 γ1 = 472 mPas





15


embedded image








16


embedded image








17


embedded image








18


embedded image








19


embedded image








20


embedded image


K 92 I Δε = −0.3 Δn = 0.2570 γ1 = 62 mPas





21


embedded image


K 140 I





22


embedded image


K 127 N 164.1 I





23


embedded image


Tg −23 K 78 I Δε = −1.49 Δn = 0.1908 γ1 = 607 mPas





24


embedded image


K 149 I Δε = 0.10 Δn = 0.3070





25


embedded image


K 115 N 182.9 I Δε = 1.31 Δn = 0.3744 γ1 = 489 mPas





26


embedded image


K 139 N (115) I





27


embedded image


K 116 N 184.4 I Δε = 0.52 Δn = 0.3829 γ1 = 603 mPas









Mixture Examples

Liquid-crystal mixtures N1 to N19 and comparative mixture C1 having the compositions and properties as indicated in the following tables are prepared and characterized with respect to their general physical properties and their applicability in microwave components at 19 GHz and 20° C.


Comparative Mixture C1

















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
T(N,l) [° C.]:
158


PPTU-5-S
10.0%
Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]:
0.3797


PPU-TO-S
22.0%
ne [589 nm, 20° C.]:
1.9144


CPU-2-S
26.0%
no [589 nm, 20° C.]:
1.5347


CPTU-4-S
10.0%
Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
15.4


CPTU-5-S
14.0%
ε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
19.4


P(2)TU-5-S
12.0%
ε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
4.0


Σ
100.0%
γ1 [mPa s, 20° C.]:
528




K1 [pN, 20° C.]:
14.2




K3 [pN, 20° C.]:
24.8




K3/K1 [pN, 20° C.]:
1.74




V0 [V, 20° C.]:
1.01




LTS bulk [h, −30° C.]:
1000




LTS bulk [h, −40° C.]:
600




τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.314




εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.56




εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.45




tan δεr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0056




tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0091




η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
34.5









Example N1

















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
Δε [589 nm, 20° C.]:
14.0


PPTU-5-S
12.0%
ε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
17.7


PPU-TO-S
23.0%
ε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
3.7


CPTU-5-S
25.0%
γ1 [mPa s, 20° C.]:
631


P(2)TU-5-S
14.0%
K1 [pN, 20° C.]:
16.0


CPU-2-S
10.0%
K3 [pN, 20° C.]:
23.6


UITPU-4-S
10.0%
K3/K1 [pN, 20° C.]:
1.47


Σ
100.0%
V0 [V, 20° C.]:
1.13




τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.324




εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.62




εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.45




tan δεr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0051




tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0082




η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
39.7









Example N1 corresponds to Comparative mixture C1 and additionally comprises a compound of formula U according to the invention. An improvement of the material quality η from 34.5 to 39.7 is observed.


Example N2

















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
T(N,l) [° C.]:
159


PPTU-5-S
12.0%
Δε [589 nm, 20° C.]:
15.0


PPU-TO-S
25.0%
ε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
18.7


CPTU-5-S
25.0%
ε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
3.7


PTU-3-S
10.0%
γ1 [mPa s, 20° C.]:
530


PTU-5-S
10.0%
K1 [pN, 20° C.]:
17.0


UITPU-4-S
12.0%
K3 [pN, 20° C.]:
26.2


Σ
100.0%
K3/K1 [pN, 20° C.]:
1.54




V0 [V, 20° C.]:
1.13




τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.338




εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.69




εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.44




tan δεr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0055




tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0089




η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
38.2









Example N3

















PGU-3-S
13.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
159.9


PPTU-4-S
6.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.323


PPTU-5-S
10.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.6339


PPU-TO-S
22.0%
tan δεr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.4589


CPTU-4-S
8.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0050


CPTU-5-S
12.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0082


UITU-3-S
7.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
39.3


UITU-5-S
7.0%




CPU(F,F)-3-S
15.0%




Σ
100.0%









Example N4

















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
160.7


PPTU-5-S
10.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.318


PPU-TO-S
22.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.6235


CPU-2-S
22.0%
tan δεr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.4719


CPTU-4-S
8.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0054


CPTU-5-S
12.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0085


UITU-3-S
7.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
37.2


UITU-5-S
7.0%




PPTU-TO-S
6.0%




Σ
100.0%









Example N5

















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
158.5


PPTU-5-S
10.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.322


PPU-TO-S
22.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.6162


CPU-2-S
22.0%
tan δεr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.4511


CPTU-4-S
8.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0053


CPTU-5-S
12.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0084


UITU-3-S
7.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
38.4


UITU-5-S
7.0%




PP(1)TU-TO-S
6.0%




Σ
100.0%









Example N6




















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
157.2



PPTU-5-S
10.0%
LTS bulk [h, −30° C.]:
144



PPU-TO-S
22.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.323



CPU-2-S
22.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.6535



CPTU-4-S
8.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.4726



CPTU-5-S
12.0%
tan δεr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0053



UITU-3-S
6.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0084



UITU-5-S
6.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
38.4



ThTU-5-S
8.0%





Σ
100.0%










Example N7




















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
151.4



PPTU-5-S
10.0%
LTS bulk [h, −30° C.]:
120



PPU-TO-S
20.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.326



CPU-2-S
20.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.6117



CPTU-4-S
8.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.4338



CPTU-5-S
12.0%
tan δεr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0053



UITU-3-S
7.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0082



UITU-5-S
7.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
39.8



ThTU-n-S
10.0%





Σ
100.0%










Example N8

















PTU-3-S
6.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
160


PTU-5-S
6.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.345


PPTU-4-S
8.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.7673


PPTU-5-S
10.0%
tan δεr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.4678


PGTU-4-S
6.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0057


PPU-TO-S
24.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0097


CPTU-4-S
8.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
35.6


CPTU-5-S
14.0%




PPTU-TO-S
10.0%




UITU-3-S
4.0%




UITU-5-S
4.0%




Σ
100.0%









Example N9




















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
T(N,l) [° C.]:
148.5



PPTU-5-S
12.0%
Δε [589 nm, 20° C.]:
14.0



PGU-3-S
14.0%
ε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
17.8



PPU-TO-S
28.0%
ε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
3.8



CPTU-4-S
20.0%
K1 [pN, 20° C.]:
15.6



UITU-3-S
10.0%
K3 [pN, 20° C.]:
24.0



UITU-5-S
10.0%
K3/K1 [pN, 20° C.]:
1.54



Σ
100.0%
V0 [V, 20° C.]:
1.07





τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.330





εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.6647





εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.4566





tan δεr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0055





tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0091





η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
36.3










Example N10




















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
T(N,l) [° C.]:
155



PPTU-5-S
12.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.327



PPU-TO-S
28.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.6644



CPTU-4-S
14.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.4661



CPTU-5-S
20.0%
tan δεr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0052



UITU-3-S
10.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0080



UITU-5-S
10.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
40.9



Σ
100.0%










Example N11




















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
T(N,l) [° C.]:
160



PPTU-5-S
12.0%
LTS bulk [h, −20° C.]:
268



PPU-TO-S
20.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.325



CPU-2-S
16.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.5874



CPTU-4-S
12.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.4224



CPTU-5-S
18.0%
tan δεr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0051



UITU-3-S
8.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0079



UITU-5-S
8.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
41.1



Σ
100.0%










Example N12




















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
T(N,l) [° C.]:
160



PPTU-5-S
10.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.324



PPU-TO-S
22.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.5821



CPU-2-S
24.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.4228



CPTU-4-S
10.0%
tan δεr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0054



CPTU-5-S
14.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0085



UITU-3-S
7.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
38.1



UITU-5-S
7.0%





Σ
100.0%










Example N13




















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
T(N,l) [° C.]:
162



PPTU-5-S
10.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.302



CPU-2-S
28.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.5488



CPU-4-S
22.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.4763



PPU-TO-S
24.0%
tan δεr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0057



UITU-3-S
5.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0090



UITU-5-S
5.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
33.6



Σ
100.0%










Example N14




















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
T(N,l) [° C.]:
160.5



PPTU-5-S
10.0%
LTS bulk [h, -20° C.]:
168



PPU-TO-S
22.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.321



CPU-2-S
24.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.5871



CPTU-5-S
24.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.4362



UITU-3-S
7.0%
tan δεr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0052



UITU-5-S
7.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0082



Σ
100.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
39.1










Example N15




















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
LTS bulk [h, −20° C.]:
96



PPTU-5-S
10.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.318



PPU-TO-S
22.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.5865



CPU-2-S
24.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.4446



CPTU-4-S
24.0%
tan δε r,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0055



UITU-3-S
7.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0086



UITU-5-S
7.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
37.0



Σ
100.0%










Example N16


















PPTU-4-S
6.0%



PPTU-5-S
10.0%



PPU-TO-S
20.0%



CPU-2-S
20.0%



CPTU-4-S
10.0%



CPTU-5-S
20.0%



UITU-3-S
7.0%



UITU-5-S
7.0%



Σ
100.0%










Example N17


















PPTU-4-S
6.0%



PPTU-5-S
10.0%



PPU-TO-S
20.0%



CPU-2-S
18.0%



CPTU-4-S
10.0%



CPTU-5-S
20.0%



UITU-3-S
8.0%



UITU-5-S
8.0%



Σ
100.0%










Example N18

















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
T(N,I) [° C.]:
157


PPTU-5-S
14.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.322


CPTU-5-S
25.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.60


PTU-3-S
9.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.44


PTU-5-S
9.0%
tan δε r,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0049


UITPU-4-S
12.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0085


CPU-2-S
25.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
38.1


Σ
100.0%









Example N19

















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
T(N,I) [° C.]:
156


PPTU-5-S
12.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.331


PPU-TO-S
20.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.65


CPTU-5-S
22.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.44


PTU-3-S
10.0%
tan δε r,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0052


PTU-5-S
10.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0085


IS-8706
10.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
39.2


UITPU-4-S
10.0%




Σ
100.0%









Example N20

















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
T(N,I) [° C.]:
165


PPTU-5-S
12.0%
Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
17.4


PPU-TO-S
11.0%
ε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
21.2


CPTU-5-S
25.0%
ε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
3.8


CPU-2-S
22.0%
γ1 [mPa s, 20° C.]:
532


PTU-3-S
7.0%
K3 [pN, 20° C.]:
17.0


PTU-5-S
7.0%
K1 [pN, 20° C.]:
24.0


UITPU-4-S
10.0%
K3/K1 [pN, 20° C.]:
1.42


Σ
100.0%
V0 [V, 20° C.]:
1.04




LTS bulk [h, -40°C]:
192




τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.328




εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.60




εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.42




tan δε r,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0051




tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0084




η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
39.0









Example N21

















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
T(N,I) [° C.]:
165


PPTU-5-S
12.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.325


PPU-TO-S
11.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.56


CPTU-5-S
25.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.41


CPU-2-S
20.0%
tan δε r,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0050


PTU-3-S
7.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0081


PTU-5-S
7.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
40.1


UITPU-5-S
12.0%




Σ
100.0%









Example N22

















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
T(N,I) [° C.]:
165


PPTU-5-S
12.0%
Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
17.1


PPU-TO-S
11.0%
ε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
20.8


CPTU-5-S
25.0%
ε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
3.8


CPU-2-S
20.0%
γ1 [mPa s, 20° C.]:
548


PTU-3-S
7.0%
K3 [pN, 20° C.]:
17.0


PTU-5-S
7.0%
K1 [pN, 20° C.]:
24.9


UITPU-5-S
12.0%
K3/K1 [pN, 20° C.]:
1.47


Σ
100.0%
V0 [V, 20° C.]:
1.07




LTS bulk [h, -40°C]:
336




τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.328




εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.60




εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.42




tan δε r,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0050




tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0083




η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
39.5









Example N23

















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
T(N,I) [° C.]:
163


PPTU-5-S
12.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.332


PPU-TO-S
15.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.60


CPTU-5-S
25.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.40


CPU-2-S
14.0%
tan δε r,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0051


PTU-3-S
8.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0084


PTU-5-S
8.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
39.5


UITPU-4-S
7.35




UITPU-5-S
4.65




Σ
100.0%









Example N24

















PTU-3-S
10.0%
T(N,I) [° C.]:
156


PTU-5-S
10.0%
Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
19.3


PPTU-4-S
6.0%
ε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
23.4


PPTU-5-S
11.0%
ε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
4.0


PGTU-4-S
6.0%
K1 [pN, 20° C.]:
18.4


PGU-3-S
12.0%
K3 [pN, 20° C.]:
24.4


PPU-TO-S
13.0%
K3/K1 [pN, 20° C.]:
1.33


CPTU-5-S
22.0%
V0 [V, 20° C.]:
1.03


UIPTU-5-S
10.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.338


Σ
100.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.71




εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.46




tan δε r,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0056




tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0102




η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
33.1









Example N25

















PPTU-4-S
10.0%
T(N,I) [° C.]:
166


PPTU-5-S
20.0%
Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
14.5


CPTU-5-S
13.0%
ε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
17.9


PGTU-4-S
10.0%
ε [1 kHz, 20° C.]:
3.4


PPTU-TO-S
10.0%
K1 [pN, 20° C.]:
21.5


PTUI-4-S
17.0%
K3 [pN, 20° C.]:
22.5


UIPTU-5-S
20.0 %
K3/K1 [pN, 20° C.]:
1.05


Σ
100.0%
V0 [V, 20° C.]:
1.29




τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.357




εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.82




εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.46




tan δε r,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0049




tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0079




η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
45.5









Example N26

















CPTU-5-S
23.5%
T(N,I) [° C.]:
173.5


CPU(F,F)-3-S
19.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.299


CPUI-4-S
12.5%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.46


PTUI-4-S
10.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.43


UIPTU-5-S
15.0%
tan δε r,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0043


PPTUI-4-S
20.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0048


Σ
100.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
62.9









Example N27

















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
T(N,I) [° C.]:
172.2


PPTU-5-S
12.0%
LTS bulk [h, −20° C.]:
24


PPU-TO-S
23.0%
LTS bulk [h, −30° C.]:
120


CPTU-5-S
25.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.323


CPU(F,F)-3-S
18.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.52


CPU(F,F)-4-S
6.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.38


UITU-4-S
5.0%
tan δε r,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0045


UITU-5-S
5.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0067


Σ
100.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
48.2









Example N28

















PTU-3-S
5.0%
T(N,I) [° C.]:
158.7


PTU-5-S
5.0%
LTS bulk [h, −30° C.]:
72


PPTU-4-S
6.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.322


PPTU-5-S
12.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.58


PPU-TO-S
23.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.43


CPTU-5-S
23.0%
tan δε r,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0050


CPU(F,F)-3-S
18.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0078


UITU-4-S
4.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
41.3


UITU-5-S
4.0%
tan δε r,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:



Σ
100.0%









Example N29

















PPTU-4-S
6.0%
T(N,I) [° C.]:
156


PPTU-5-S
12.0%
τ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.331


PPU-TO-S
20.0%
εr,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
3.65


CPTU-5-S
22.0%
εr,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
2.44


PTU-3-S
10.0%
tan δε r,∥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0052


PTU-5-S
10.0%
tan δε r,⊥ [20° C., 19 GHz]:
0.0085


CPU(F,F)-3-S
10.0%
η [20° C., 19 GHz]:
39.2


UITPU-4-S
10.0%




Σ
100.0%








Claims
  • 1. A compound of formula U
  • 2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein
  • 3. The compound according to claim 1, wherein ZU1 and ZU2, identically or differently, denote —C≡C— or a single bond.
  • 4. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the compounds of the formulae U-1 to U-20
  • 5. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the radicals X1 and X2 denote H or F.
  • 6. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the radicals Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4, identically or differently, denote H, F, Cl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclopentenyl.
  • 7. The compound according to claim 1, wherein RU denotes alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms.
  • 8. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the group RU denotes RP.
  • 9. A liquid crystal medium comprising one or more compounds according to claim 1.
  • 10. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 9, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the formulae I, II and III,
  • 11. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 10, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the formulae I-1 to I-5
  • 12. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 10, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the formulae II-1 to II-3
  • 13. Liquid crystal medium according to claim 2, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of the formulae III-1 to III-6
  • 14. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 9, wherein the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula T
  • 15. A component for high-frequency technology, characterized in that it comprises the liquid crystal medium according to claim 9.
  • 16. The component according to claim 15, wherein the component is a liquid-crystal based antenna element, a phase shifter, a tunable filter, a tunable metamaterial structure, a matching network or a varactor.
  • 17. A microwave antenna array, characterized in that it comprises one or more components according to claim 15.
Priority Claims (1)
Number Date Country Kind
19202339.8 Oct 2019 EP regional
PCT Information
Filing Document Filing Date Country Kind
PCT/EP2020/078195 10/8/2020 WO