Fluorine-containing acrylic acid derivative and polymer thereof

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel fluorine-containing acrylic acid derivative and a polymer thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to a derivative of a novel .alpha.-fluoroacrylic acid and a homo- or co-polymer thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The novel fluorine-containing acrylic acid derivative of the present invention is represented by the formula:
(CH.sub.2 .dbd.CF--CO).sub.p --A (I)
wherein A is a residue derived from an organic compound having at least two active hydrogen atoms derived by removing at least two active hydrogen atoms, and p is an integer corresponding to the valency of residue A.
In the specification, the active hydrogen atom means a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom, for example, a hydrogen atom included in water, an alcoholic hydroxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a carboxylic group, a primary and secondary amine group and a mercapto group.
In the formula (I), the residue A is preferably a group of the formula:
--O-- ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are, the same or different, a divalent organic group, ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.6 are, the same or different, a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are, the same of different, a divalent organic group, and n is an integer not less than one (1) or ##STR3## wherein R.sup.7 is an organic group with (a+b+c+d) valencies, R.sup.8 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and a, b, c and d are, the same or different, 0 or a positive integer and satisfy the equation: a+b+c+d.gtoreq.2.
Specific examples of the residue A are as follows: ##STR4## wherein l, m and n are each a positive integer. ##STR5## (wherein t is an integer of 2 or larger). ##STR6##
Among the above residues, the following are preferred: --O--A'--O-- (wherein A' is a C.sub.2-10 alkylene group or a polyoxy(C.sub.2-3)alkylene with a degree of polymerization of 2 to 10), ##STR7## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-5 alkyl group, R' is a single bond or a C.sub.2-3 alkylene group, R" is a C.sub.1-2 alkyl group or fluoroalkyl group, and x and y are each an integer of 1 to 20.
Specific examples of the fluorine-containing acrylic acid derivative of the present invention are as follows (in brackets, the state of the compound at room temperature under atmospheric pressure and the melting point determined as a temperature corresponding to an endothermic peak measured by DSC are shown.): ##STR8##
The fluorine-containing acrylic acid derivative (I) may be prepared as follows:
1. The compound having at least two active hydrogen atoms is reacted with an equimolar or excess amount of CH.sub.2 .dbd.CFCOF optionally in the presence of a solvent such as DMF, DMSO, acetone, acetonitrile and dioxane and an acid scavenger such as triethylamine.
2. The product is recovered by separation or by extraction with a suitable solvent such as dimethyl ether. Crystallizable derivatives (I) are recrystallized from, for example, petroleum benzine.
The fluorine-containing acrylic acid derivative (I) of the present invention is easily homo- or co-polymerized.
The liquid derivative (I) is polymerized as such while the solid one is polymerized by melting it or dissolving it in a suitable solvent. The polymerization is initiated and proceeded by heat or irradiation with UV light under atmospheric or reduced pressure or in an inactive gas atmosphere. Optionally, a polymerization initiator and/or a sensitizer may be used.
Two or more of the derivatives (I) may be copolymerized.
When the derivative (I) is copolymerized with another monomer, examples of the copolymerizable monomer are as follows:
(meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrylic halides, (meth)acrylic esters (e.g. methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, etc.), (meth)acrylic amides. (meth)arylonitrile, styrene and its derivatives (e.g. .alpha.-methylstyrene), vinyl ethers (e.g. methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether. etc.), vinylpyridines, vinyl ketones (e.g. methyl vinyl ketone, ethyl vinyl ketone, divinyl ketone, etc.), vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate, allyl chloride, olefines (e.g. ethylene, propene, butene, etc.), dienes (e.g. butadiene, etc.), fluorine-containing monomers (e.g. tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, vinylidene fluoride, etc.), maleic acid and its anhydride, fumaric acid.
Since the fluorine-containing acrylic acid derivative (I) has at least two .alpha.-fluoroacrylic group in a molecule, it is easily cured by heating or irradiation of light including UV light. The cure rate of the derivative (I), for example the fluorine-containing acrylic ester, is far larger than that of a corresponding acrylic ester not containing fluorine, which results in good processability. Furthermore, the fluorine-containing acrylic acid derivative (I) of the present invention is completely cured in air. The cured product has excellent heat resistance, oil resistance, etc. and may be used as a sheath material for glass optical fibers.
The fluorine-containing acrylic acid derivative (I) of the present invention is used as a printing plate, a resist material, a printing ink, a coating, an adhesive, a sealing material by making use of its curing characteristics. Particularly, it is used as a photosensitive printing plate and resist material, a UV curing printing ink, coating, adhesive and sealing. The derivative (I) is also used as a technical art material and a medical material.
The present invention will be hereinafter explained further in detail by following Examples.
EXAMPLE 1
Preparation of Compound (1)
In a flask, 1,4-butanediol (45 g) and dimethyl formamide (200 ml) were charged and then CH.sub.2 .dbd.CFCOF (95 g) was dropwise added with stirring on an ice bath. After stirring the mixture for 10 hours, water (1,000 ml) was added, and a bottom layer was separated and washed with water three times. Then, the solution was cooled to precipitate crude crystal (108 g). The crude crystal (20 g) was added to petroleum benzine (200 ml) and warmed to dissolve the crystal. The solution was cooled to -30.degree. C. to recrystallize the compound, which was suction filtered, washed with petroleum benzine and dried to obtain a pure crystalline entitled product (18.4 g). Endothermic peak temperature in DSC, 36.5.degree. C. In the thermogravimetric analysis, the product was cured during the raising the temperature and loss in weight started at 301.5.degree. C.
______________________________________Elementary analysis: C H F______________________________________Calc'd: 51.29 5.17 16.22Found: 50.57 3.76 15.76______________________________________
EXAMPLE 2
Preparation of Compound (2)
In a flask, diethylene glycoI (10 g), triethylamine (20 g) and acetone (60 ml) were charged, and CH.sub.2 .dbd.CFCOF (21 g) was dropwise added with stirring on an ice bath. Then, the mixture was stirred for 5 hours and washed with water to obtain a viscous liquid entitled compound (21.2 g).
EXAMPLE 3
Preparation of Compound (4)
In a flask, polyethylene glycol (PEG #4000) (10 g), triethylamine (5 g) and dimethyl sulfoxide (10 ml) were charged, and CH.sub.2 .dbd.CFCOF (15 g) was dropwise added with stirring on an ice bath. Then, the mixture was stirred for 5 hours, added with water and extracted with diethyl ether. The extract was dried under reduced pressure to obtain a viscous liquid entitled compound (10.8 g).
EXAMPLE 4
Preparation of Compound (5)
In a flask, trimethylolpropane (5 g) was dissolved in triethylamine (15 g), and CH.sub.2 .dbd.CFCOF (20 g) was dropwise added with stirring on an ice bath. Then, the mixture was stirred for 5 hours, washed with water and dried to obtain a viscous liquid entitled compound (8 g).
EXAMPLE 5
Preparation of Compound (3)
In a flask, ethylene glycol (5 g) and triethylamine (5 g) were charged, and CH.sub.2 .dbd.CFCOF (20 g) was dropwise added with stirring on an ice bath. Then, the mixture was stirred for 5 hours, washed with water and dried to obtain a viscous liquid entitled compound (14 g).
EXAMPLE 6
Preparation of Compound (6)
In a flask, polypropylene glycol (#1000) (20 g) and triethylamine (5 g) were charged, and CH.sub.2 .dbd.CFCOF (8g) was dropwise added with stirring on an ice bath. Then, the mixture was stirred for 5 hours, washed with water and dried to obtain a viscous liquid entitled compound (19 g).
EXAMPLE 7
Preparation of Compound (7)
In a flask, pentaerythritol (5 g) and dimethyl sulfoxide (20 ml) were charged, and CH.sub.2 .dbd.CFCOF (30 g) was dropwise added with stirring on an ice bath. Then, the mixture was stirred for 5 hours, washed with water and recrystallized to obtain a white solid entitled compound (11 g).
EXAMPLE 8
Preparation of Compound (8)
In a flask, bisphenol-A (5 g), triethylamine (5 g) and dimethyl formamide (10 ml) were charged, and CH.sub.2 .dbd.CFCOF (8 g) was dropwise added with stirring on an ice bath. Then, the mixture was stirred for 5 hours and recrystallized to obtain a white solid entitled compound (5.6 g).
EXAMPLE 9
Preparation of Compound (9)
In a flask, bisphenol-AF (5 g), triethylamine (5 g) and dimethyl formamide (10 ml) were charged, and CH.sub.2 .dbd.CFCOF (8 g) was dropwise added on an ice bath. Then, the mixture was stirred for 5 hours and recrystallized to obtain a white solid entitled compound (4.1 g).
EXAMPLE 10
Polymerization of Compound (1)
Compound (1) was melted at 40.degree. C., contained in a Pyrex (trade mark) glass tube with one end closed, evacuated and sealed. Then, sealed Compound (1) was cured within 10 seconds by irradiating with a 250 W extra-high pressure mercury lamp from a distance of 15 cm.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1
Polymerization of 1,4-butanediol diacrylate
In the same manner as in Example 10, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate was polymerized. Curing required 40 seconds.
EXAMPLE 11
Polymerization of Compound (1)
In the same manner as in Example 10 but conducting polymerization under atmospheric pressure and irradiating from a distance of 5 cm, Compound (1) wa cured within 10 seconds.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2
Polymerization of 1,4-butanediol diacrylate
In the same manner as in Example 11, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate was polymerized. Curing required 90 seconds.
EXAMPLE 12
Copolymerization of Compound (1) and 1,4-butanediol diacrylate
In the same manner as in Example 10, Compound (1) and 1,4-butanediol diacrylate were copolymerized in a weight ratio of 1:1. Curing required 10 seconds.
EXAMPLE 13
Copolymerization of Compound (1) and 1,4-butanediol diacrylate
In the same manner as in Example 11, Compound (1) and 1,4-butanediol diacrylate were copolymerized in a weight ratio of 1:1. Curing required 25 seconds.
EXAMPLE 14
Copolymerization of Compound (1) and methyl acrylate
In the same manner as in Example 11, Compound (1) and methyl acrylate were copolymerized in a weight ratio of 1.1. Curing required 5 seconds.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3
Copolymerization of 1,4-butanediol diacrylate and methyl acrylate
In the same manner as in Example 11, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate and methyl acrylate were copolymerized in a weight ratio of 1:1. Curing required 155 seconds.
EXAMPLE 15
Copolymerization of Compound (1) and methyl methacrylate
In the same manner as in Example 11, Compound (1) and methyl methacrylate were copolymerized in a weight ratio of 1:1. Curing required 143 seconds.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4
Copolymerization of 1,4-butanediol diacrylate and methyl methacrylate
In the same manner as in Example 11, 1,4-butane-diol diacrylate and methyl methacrylate were copolymerized in a weight ratio of 1:1. Curing required 210 seconds.
EXAMPLE 16
Compound (1) was contained in a glass tube and warmed on a water bath kept at a predetermined temperature and gel time was measured. The results are as follows:
______________________________________Temperature (.degree.C.) Gel time (min.)______________________________________100 380 660 2050 70______________________________________
EXAMPLE 17
A solution of Compound (1) in dioxane in a predetermined concentration was contained in a glass tube and irradiated with a 250 W extra-high pressure mercury lamp from a distance of 15 cm and gel time was measured. The results are as follows:
______________________________________Concentration (%) Gel time (min.)______________________________________3.8 >157.4 414.6 3______________________________________
When a small amount of benzophenone or triethylamine was added as a sensitizer, Compound (1) gellated within one (1) minute.
EXAMPLE 18
Polymerization of Compound (2)
Compound (2) was coated on a surface of an aluminum plate and irradiated in air with a 250 W extra-high pressure mercury lamp from a distance of 15 cm for 5 minutes to obtain a hard coating.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5
Polymerization of diethylene glycol diacrylate
In the same manner as in Example 18, diethylene glycol diacrylate was coated on a surface of an aluminum plate and irradiated but was not cured.
EXAMPLE 19
Polymerization of Compound (4)
In the same manner as in Example 18, Compound (4) was coated on a surface of an aluminum plate and irradiated for 8 minutes to obtain a hard coating.
EXAMPLE 20
Polymerization of Compound (5)
In the same manner as in Example 18, Compound (5) was coated on a surface of an aluminum plate and irradiated for one (1) minute to obtain a hard coating.
EXAMPLE 21
Polymerization of Compounds (3), (6), (7), (8) and (9)
In the same manner as in Example 18, Compound (3), (6), (7), (8) or (9) was coated on a surface of an aluminum plate and irradiated to obtain a hard coating in a short time.
EXAMPLE 22
In a flask, hexamethylenediamine (2.54 g), pyridine (3.44 g) and dimethyl formamide (5 ml) were charged, and CH.sub.2 .dbd.CFCOF (3 ml) dissolved in dimethyl formamide (5 ml) was dropwise added with stirring on an ice bath. Then, the mixture was stirred for about one hour and poured in water (100 ml) to precipitate a pale yellow powdery entitled compound (b 4.8 g). M.P. 123.degree. C.
A solution of the compound (0.1 g) in dimethyl formamide (0.6 g) was contained in a Pyrex (trade mark) glass tube and evacuated. Then, the compound was irradiated to start gellation within 13 minutes and completely cured within 19 minutes.
The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same way may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.

Fluorine-containing acrylic acid derivative and polymer thereof

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