Fluorophosphate glass and method of making thereof

Abstract

New and improved compositions of doped fluorophosphate glasses for lasers have a high refractive index (nD) of approximately 1.6 to 1.7, high transmission in the near infrared part of the spectrum and a wide glass forming domain. These glass systems, Ba(PO3)2—Al(PO3)3—BaF2-Dopants, utilize dopants from the group of oxides or fluorides of the rare earth elements Sm, Eu, Nd, Er, Yb, Tm, Tb, Ho and Pr as well as MnO; and mixtures thereof. The composition of glass includes chemical durability, efficiency of laser use in the infrared spectrum and improved duration of luminescence.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to novel compositions of doped fluorophosphates glass. The new and improved glass compositions are particularly useful in laser glass, amplifiers and high density optical storage applications and are based on or contain Ba(PO₃)₂, AL(PO₃)₃, BaF₂ or related fluorides and MnO; or oxides or fluorides of rare earth elements: Nd, Er, Tm, Ho, Pr, Tb, Yb, Sm and Eu; and mixtures thereof.

2. Description of Related Art

Presently most optical laser glasses are manufactured on a SiO₂ base. The SiO₂ based laser glasses have a limited refractive index of nD=1.40 to 1.45 and a limited infrared transmission spectrum. These limitations prohibit use of SiO₂ based glasses in applications for modern laser applications such as the need for glass with efficient transparency in the near and mid infrared frequency range.

There are disclosures of fluorophosphates glass compositions in existing art; however, none of the existing glass compositions provide the efficient transmission qualities of the present invention in the near and mid infrared frequency range used in modern laser applications. Fluorophosphate laser glasses have a higher refractive index and dispersion than glasses with silicon dioxide. The fluorophosphates glasses generally have a refractive index of nD=1.6344 to 1.6412. They can be used as the basis for creating high power lasers.

Fluorophosphate glasses are close to the phosphate glasses in terms of the degree of covalence of the dopant-ligand bond. This has been confirmed by comparison of the Racha coefficient, B, for these glasses. The magnitude of B decreases with a decrease in size of the effective nuclear charge of free ions. The boundaries of glass formation for fluorophosphate glasses with metaphosphates of barium and aluminum and with fluorides of alkaline earth elements create a wide domain of glass forming fluorophosphates that increase in the following order Ba>Sr>Ca>Mg. The presence of barium fluoride, BaF₂, with RFx where RFx is from the group MgF₂, CaF₂, PbF₂ and BiF₃ effectively increases chemical durability of laser materials.

The phosphate laser glasses of varying composition due to thermal expansion and hardness properties and to low chemical durability or stability are not suited for the laser applications anticipated for the instant invention. These limitations are generally due to the presence of metaphosphates of lithium, sodium and potassium, U.S. Pat. No. 3,846,142.

Existing fluorophosphates laser glass such as the system BaPO₃F—MgF₂—Nd₂O₃—Ga₂O₃—MnO have a high rate of inactive absorption of wavelength 1,064 nm, which reduces the luminescence of glass dopants. There also exist a class of fluorophosphate laser glasses that were developed on a base of metaphosphate aluminum and fluorides of metal from the first and second group of the periodic elements. The optical constant for these glasses are in the range (nD) from 1.45 to 1.59 whereas the instant invention exceeds 1.60 for greater laser efficiency, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,511,225; 2,511,227; 2,481,700 and 2,430,539.

There are several publications that discuss compositions of fluorophosphates glass; however, they do not disclose or anticipate the specific composition of the present invention. Example text references are: Journal De Physique V 4n4, April 1994, Pages 509-512, article of R. Balda, J. Fernandez and A. DePablos.; Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 213-214, June 1997, pages 245-250, article of J. L. Adam, N. Henry Duhamel and J. Y. Allain; and Journal of Chinese Physics Lasers, Chin. Phys. Lasers, Vol. 16, No. 4, April 1989, pages 227-232.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is related to fluorophosphates glass compositions that are used for laser applications, amplifiers and high density optical storage. Fluorophosphate glasses offer many advantages over crystalline materials. Due to unique spectroscopic properties the fluorophosphates vitreous materials can be used for ultraviolet, visual and near infrared optics in the band of 250 to 3,500 nm.

The fluorophosphate glass contains the components Ba(PO₃)₂, Al(PO₃)₃, BaF₂ and RFx where RFx is from the group MgF₂, CaF₂, PbF₂ and BiF₃ or related fluorides and MnO; oxides or fluorides of rare earth elements; Nd, Er, Tm, Ho, Pr, Tb, Sm, Eu and Yb; and mixtures thereof. This composition of glass has a high level of chemical durability, laser efficiency and luminescence of dopants.

These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following drawings, description and claims.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The following detailed description is the best currently contemplated modes for carrying out the invention. The description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention.

The preferred material for the present invention are glasses based on or containing Ba(PO₃)₂, 5 to 60 mol %; Al(PO₃)₃, 5 to 60 mol %; BaF₂+RFx, 10 to 90 mol %; and MnO; or oxides or fluorides of rare earth elements: Nd, Er, Tm, Ho, Pr, Tb, Yb, Sm, and Eu; mixtures thereof, 2 to 20 weight %. The raw compounds used for glass formation are: Metaphosphate Barium, Ba(PO₃)₂, and Aluminum, Al(PO₃)₃, which are considered chemically stable substances. When MnO or Yb₂O₃ are used as co-dopant sensitizers the range of dopant is 1 to 20 weight %.

Characteristics of the glass compositions indicate the duration of luminescence for neodymium ions in the laser wavelength 1064 nm is 420 to 450 msec and the half width of luminescence is 160 to 165 cm⁻¹. For erbium ions, the duration of luminescence in the laser wavelength 1535 nm is 480 to 500 msec and the half width of luminescence is 150 to 155 cm⁻¹.

A neodymium and erbium doped athermal fluorophosphate glass results from the high neodymium and erbium oxide or fluoride concentration of 5 to 20 weight %. Erbium doped fluorophosphate laser glass is more efficient than erbium doped silicate laser glass. Erbium doped fluorophosphate laser glass also has an eye safe operating wavelength of 1535 nm which makes it useful for specialized medical apparatus as well as for range finding equipment. The combination of the base materials and dopants provide an efficient laser glass in the infrared region for laser use.

The preferred glass forming compounds, Ba(PO₃)₂ and Al(PO₃)₃ are characterized as chemically stable substances. In combination they create a significant free or open volume structure due to the large ionic radii of barium (1.38° A) as in Ba(PO₃)₂ and BaF₂+RFx. This allows the homogenous and regular distribution of dopant ions in a glass matrice.

The presence of BaF₂+RFx effectively increases the chemical durability of the laser material. In the grouping of glasses according to chemical stability of non-silicate glasses relating to humidity or moisture, these glasses are considered to be stable glasses. During the melting process a chemical integration between Ba(PO₃)₂ and BaF₂ creates BaPO₃F, monofluorophosphate barium.

The melting process is conducted in the temperature range of 1,200° C. to 1,250° C. in vitreous carbon crucibles in a dry argon atmosphere for 4 to 5 hours followed by an annealing temperature range of 320° C. to 340° C. for 8 to 10 hours. In the system of Ba(PO₃)₂—Al(PO₃)₃—BaF₂-RFx with dopants R, including sensitizers MnO and Yb₂O₃, two separate glass forming ranges were discovered as illustrated in Table I.

TABLE I
Range I (in mol %)
Ba(PO3)2	Al(PO3)3	BaF2 + RFx
0-95	0-95	5-90
Range II (in mol %)
Ba(PO3)2	Al(PO3)3	BaF2 + RFx
0-45	5-30	45-90

Examples of effective compositions and properties of the fluorophosphates laser glass for the composition Ba(PO₃)₂—Al(PO₃)₃—BaF₂—RFx-Nd₂O₃—Er₂O₃ are illustrated in Table II based on mol percent and weight percent.

TABLE II
				Quantum
Composition of Glass (mol %)	Dopant (wt %)	Refractive	Density	Yield (%)
Ba(PO3)2	Al(PO3)3	BaF2 + RFx	Nd2O3	Er2O3	Index(nD)	g/cm3	Luminescence
40	48	10	2		1.6345	3.35	45
35	13	50	2		1.6385	3.38	60
28	10	60	2		1.6401	3.40	65
10	18	70	10		1.6412	3.45	70
40	48	10		2	1.6344	3.35	50
35	13	50		2	1.6386	3.36	63
28	10	60		2	1.6403	3.41	66
10	18	70		20	1.6410	3.43	75
5	5	90		5

In the examples of TABLE II MnO and Yb₂O₃ would be used as dopant sensitizers.

While the invention has been particularly shown and described with respect to the illustrated and preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for making fluorophosphates glass comprising the steps of: batching the glass components;melting the glass components to form a molten mixture;cooling the molten glass mixture to a solid state;annealing the glass in the solid state;slowly cooling the annealing glass to approximately ambient temperature;the glass components consisting of on a mol percent basis of:Ba(PO3)2 from 5 to 60 percent;Al(PO3)3 from 5 to 60 percent;a fluoride selected from the group of BaF2, CaF2, MgF2, PbF2, and BiF3 from 10 to 90 percent; anda dopant from 2 to 15 percent on a mol percent basis selected from the group of Nd2O3, Er2O3, Yb2O3, Tm2O3, Tb2O3, Ho2O3, Pr2O3 and MnO and mixtures thereof.

2. The method as in claim 1 wherein the melting of the glass is performed in the temperature range of 1,200° C. to 1,250° C. in vitreous carbon crucibles in a dry argon atmosphere for from 4 to 5 hours.

3. The method as in claim 1 wherein the annealing of the glass is performed in the temperature range of 320° C. to 340° C. for from 8 to 10 hours.

4. A method for making fluorophosphates glass comprising the steps of: batching the glass components;melting the glass components to form a molten mixture;cooling the molten glass mixture to a solid state;annealing the glass in the solid state;slowly cooling the annealing glass to approximately ambient temperature;the glass components consisting of on a mol percent basis of:Ba(PO3)2 from 5 to 60 percent;Al(PO3)3 from 5 to 60 percent;a fluoride of BaF2+RFx where RFx is selected from the group of, CaF2, MgF2, PbF2, and BiF3 from 10 to 90 percent; anda dopant from 2 to 20 percent on a mol percent basis selected from the group of Nd2O3, Er2O3, Yb2O3, Tm2O3, Tb2O3, Ho2O3, Pr2O3, Sm2O3, Eu2O3 and MnO and mixtures thereof.

5. The method as in claim 4 wherein the melting of the glass is performed in the temperature range of 1,200° C. to 1,250° C. in vitreous carbon crucibles in a dry argon atmosphere for from 4 to 5 hours.

6. The method as in claim 4 wherein the annealing of the glass is performed in the temperature range of 320° C. to 340° C. for from 8 to 10 hours.

7. A method for making fluorophosphates glass comprising the steps of: batching the glass components;melting the glass components to form a molten mixture;the melting of the glass is performed in the temperature range of 1,200° C. to 1,250° C.in vitreous carbon crucibles in a dry argon atmosphere for from 4 to 5 hours;cooling the molten glass mixture to a solid state;annealing the glass in the solid state;slowly cooling the annealing glass to approximately ambient temperature;the glass components comprised on a mol percent basis of:Ba(PO3)2 from 5 to 60 percent;Al(PO3)3 from 5 to 60 percent;a fluoride selected from the group of BaF2, CaF2, MgF2, PbF2, and BiF3 from 10 to 90 percent; anda dopant from 2 to 15 percent on a mol percent basis selected from the group of Nd2O3, Er2O3, Yb2O3, Tm2O3, Tb2O3, Ho2O3, Pr2O3 and MnO and mixtures thereof.

8. A method for making fluorophosphates glass comprising the steps of: batching the glass components;melting the glass components to form a molten mixture;cooling the molten glass mixture to a solid state;annealing the glass in the solid state;the annealing of the glass is performed in the temperature range of 320° C. to 340° C. for from 8 to 10 hours;slowly cooling the annealing glass to approximately ambient temperature;the glass components comprised on a mol percent basis of:Ba(PO3)2 from 5 to 60 percent;Al(PO3)3 from 5 to 60 percent;a fluoride selected from the group of BaF2, CaF2, MgF2, PbF2, and BiF3 from 10 to 90 percent; anda dopant from 2 to 15 percent on a mol percent basis selected from the group of Nd2O3, Er2O3, Yb2O3, Tm2O3, Tb2O3, Ho2O3, Pr2O3 and MnO and mixtures thereof.

9. A method for making fluorophosphates glass comprising the steps of: batching the glass components;melting the glass components to form a molten mixture;the melting of the glass is performed in the temperature range of 1,200° C. to 1,250° C.in vitreous carbon crucibles in a dry argon atmosphere for from 4 to 5 hours;cooling the molten glass mixture to a solid state;annealing the glass in the solid state;slowly cooling the annealing glass to approximately ambient temperature;the glass components comprised on a mol percent basis of:Ba(PO3)2 from 5 to 60 percent;Al(PO3)3 from 5 to 60 percent;a fluoride of BaF2+RFx where RFx is selected from the group of, CaF2, MgF2, PbF2, and BiF3 from 10 to 90 percent; anda dopant from 2 to 20 percent on a mol percent basis selected from the group of Nd2O3, Er2O3, Yb2O3, Tm2O3, Tb2O3, Ho2O3, Pr2O3, Sm2O3, Eu2O3 and MnO and mixtures thereof.

10. A method for making fluorophosphates glass comprising the steps of: batching the glass components;melting the glass components to form a molten mixture;cooling the molten glass mixture to a solid state;annealing the glass in the solid state;the annealing of the glass is performed in the temperature range of 320° C. to 340° C. for from 8 to 10 hours;slowly cooling the annealing glass to approximately ambient temperature;the glass components comprised on a mol percent basis of:Ba(PO3)2 from 5 to 60 percent;Al(PO3)3 from 5 to 60 percent;a fluoride of BaF2+RFx where RFx is selected from the group of, CaF2, MgF2, PbF2, and BiF3 from 10 to 90 percent; anda dopant from 2 to 20 percent on a mol percent basis selected from the group of Nd2O3, Er2O3, Yb2O3, Tm2O3, Tb2O3, Ho2O3, Pr2O3, Sm2O3, Eu2O3 and MnO and mixtures thereof.