FLUOROSILICON NITRILE COMPOUNDS

Abstract

Novel fluorosilicon nitrile compounds, and methods of preparing them, are described. The fluorosilicon nitrile compounds are characterized by having a total of four substituents attached to a silicon atom, wherein one or two of the substituents are fluorine atoms, one or two of the substituents are cyanoalkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other, and the remainder of the substituents, if any, are alkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention pertains to novel fluorosilicon nitrile compounds and methods for their preparation.

DISCUSSION OF THE RELATED ART

Fluorosilicon nitrile compounds containing one or two fluorine atoms attached to a silicon atom as well as at least one cyanoalkyl group attached to the silicon atom may be used in applications such as battery fabrication (as solvents or additives, for example), semiconductor deposition, fluorosilicone glass formation, and semiconductor etching agents. The synthesis of new fluorosilicon compounds of this type would therefore be of great interest, since such new compounds may have unique and varied properties as compared to known fluorosilicon nitrile compounds.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One aspect of the present invention provides novel fluorosilicon nitrile compounds, wherein the fluorosilicon nitrile compound has a total of four substituents attached to a silicon atom and wherein one or two of the substituents are fluorine atoms, one or two of the substituents are cyanoalkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other (when two cyanoalkyl groups are present), and the remainder of the four substituents, if any, are alkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other (when two alkyl groups are present); subject to the proviso that the fluorosilicon nitrile compound is not SiF₂(CH₃)(CH₂CH₂CH(CN)CH₃); SiF₂(CH₃)(CH₂CH₂CH₂CN); SiF₂(CH₃)(CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN); or SiF₂[CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN]₂.

Also provided by the present invention are fluorosilicon nitrile compounds of general formula Si(R¹)(R²)(R³)(R⁴), wherein one or two of R¹-R⁴ are fluorine atoms, one or two of R¹-R⁴ are cyanoalkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other where two cyanoalkyl groups are present, and the remaining R¹-R⁴, if any, are alkyl groups; subject to the proviso that the fluorosilicon nitrile compound is not SiF₂(CH₃)(CH₂CH₂CH(CN)CH₃); SiF₂(CH₃)(CH₂CH₂CH₂CN); SiF₂(CH₃)(CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN); or SiF₂[CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN]₂.

In another aspect of the invention, a method of making a fluorosilicon nitrile compound in accordance with the foregoing description is provided, wherein the method comprises reacting a chlorosilicon nitrile compound, the chlorosilicon nitrile compound having a total of four substituents attached to a silicon atom, wherein one or two of the substituents are chlorine atoms, one or two of the substituents are cyanoalkyl groups, which may be the same as or different from each other, and the remainder of the substituents, if any, are alkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other, with a fluorinating agent under conditions effective to exchange fluorine atoms for the chlorine atom(s) in the chlorosilicon nitrile compound.

Still another aspect of the invention provides a method of making a fluorosilicon nitrile compound in accordance with the foregoing description, wherein the method comprises hydrosilylation of an alkene, especially a cyanoalkene, with a fluoroalkylsilane.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

A fluorosilicon nitrile compound in accordance with the present invention has a total of four substituents attached to a silicon atom, wherein one or two of the substituents are fluorine atoms, one or two of the substituents are cyanoalkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other, and the remainder of the substituents, if any, are alkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other. However, the following fluorosilicon nitrile compounds, which are known compounds, are not considered to be within the scope of the present invention: SiF₂(CH₃)(CH₂CH₂CH(CN)CH₃); SiF₂(CH₃)(CH₂CH₂CH₂CN); SiF₂(CH₃)(CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN); and SiF₂[CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN]₂.

In one embodiment of the invention, one substituent attached to the silicon atom is a fluorine atom, one substituent is a cyanoalkyl group, and two substituents are alkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other.

In another embodiment of the invention, two substituents attached to the silicon atom are fluorine atoms, one substituent is a cyanoalkyl group, and one substituent is an alkyl group.

According to another embodiment, one substituent attached to the silicon atom is a fluorine atom, two substituents are cyanoalkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other, and one substituent is an alkyl group.

In still another embodiment of the invention, two substituents attached to the silicon atom are fluorine atoms and two substituents are cyanoalkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other.

The cyanoalkyl group or groups attached to the silicon atom may be C2-C9 cyanoalkyl groups, in one aspect of the invention. If two cyanoalkyl groups are present, they may be the same as or different from each other. The alkyl radical bearing one or more cyano (—CN) groups in the cyanoalkyl group may be a straight chain, branched, or alicyclic-containing alkyl radical. Each cyanoalkyl group may contain one, two or more cyano groups per cyanoalkyl group. Each cyano group may be substituted, for example, at a terminal position of an alkyl radical or at an internal position of an alkyl radical. For example, where the alkyl radical is a straight chain C4 alkyl radical, a cyano group may be substituted at the terminal position to provide the cyanoalkyl group —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN or at an internal position to provide one of the following cyanoalkyl groups: —CH(CN)CH₂CH₂CH₃; —CH₂CH(CN)CH₂CH₃; —CH₂CH₂CH(CN)CH₃.

Suitable cyanoalkyl groups may, for example, be selected from the group consisting of:

• • —CH₂CH(CN)CH₃;
  • —CH(CN)CH₂CH₃;
  • —C(CN)(CH₃)₂;
  • —CH₂CH₂CN;
  • —CH(CN)CH₃;
  • —CH₂CH₂CH(CN)CH₃;
  • —CH₂CH(CN)CH₂CH₃;
  • —(CH₂)₃CN;
  • —(CH₂)₂CN;
  • —(CH₂)₄CN;
  • —(CH₂)₅CN;
  • —(CH₂)₃C(CH₃)₂CN;
  • —CH(CH₃)CH₂CN;
  • —CH(CN)CH(CN)CH₃;
  • —C(CN)(CH₃)CH₂CN;
  • —CH(CH₂CN)₂;
  • —CH(CN)CH₂CH₂CN;
  • —CH(CH₃)CH(CN)₂;
  • —C(CN)₂(CH₂CH₃);
  • —CH₂CH(CN)CH₂CN;
  • —C(CN)(CH₃)CH₂CN;
  • —CH(CH₂CH₃)CH₂CN;
  • —CH(CN)CH₂CH₂CH₃;
  • —CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN;
  • —CH(CH₂CN)CH₂CH₃;
  • —CH(CH₃)CH(CN)CH₃;
  • —C(CN)(CH₃)CH₂CH₃;
  • —CH₂CH(CN)CH₂CH₃;
  • —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN;
  • —C(CH₃)₂CH₂CN;
  • —CH(CN)CH(CH₃)₂;
  • —CH₂CH₂CH(CN)CH₃;
  • —CH₂CH(CH₂CN)CH₂CH₃;
  • —C(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃)CH₂CN;
  • —CH₂CH₂CH(CN)CH₂CH₃;
  • —CH(CH₃)CH(CN)CH₂CH₃;
  • —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CN)CH₃;
  • —CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CN)CH₃;
  • —C(CH₂CH₃)₂(CN);
  • —CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN;
  • —CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CN;
  • —(CH₂)₂C(CH₃)₂CN;
  • —CH(CH₃)C(CH₃)₂CN;
  • —CH(CH₂CH₃)CH(CN)CH₃;
  • —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN;
  • —C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₂CN;
  • —CH(CH₂CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN;
  • —CH(CH₂CN)CH₂CH₂CH₃;
  • —CH(CN)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃;
  • —CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN;
  • —C(CH₃)₂CH(CN)CH₃;
  • —C(CH₃)(CN)CH(CH₃)₂;
  • —CH(CH₂CN)CH(CH₃)₂;
  • —CH₂CH(CN)CH₂CH₂CH₃;
  • —C(CH₃)(CN)CH₂CH₂CH₃;
  • —CH₂CH(CN)CH(CH₃)₂;
  • —CH(CN)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃;
  • —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CN)CH₃;
  • —CH(CN)CH₂CH(CH₃)₂;
  • —CH(CN)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃;
  • —C(CH₃)(CN)CH(CN)CH₂CH₃;
  • —C(CN)(CH₂CH₃)CH(CN)CH₃;
  • —CH(CH₂CN)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN;
  • —CH(CN)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN;
  • —CH₂CH(CN)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN;
  • —C(CH₃)(CN)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN;
  • —C(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃)CH(CN)₂;
  • —C(CN)₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃;
  • —C(CN)₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂;
  • —CH(CH(CN)₂)CH(CH₃)₂;
  • —C(CN)(CH₂CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN;
  • —CH(CH₃)CH(CN)CH₂CH₂CN;
  • —CH₂CH(CN)CH₂CH(CN)CH₃;
  • —C(CN)(CH₃)CH₂CH(CN)CH₃;
  • —(CH₂)₃CH(CN)CH₂CN;
  • —CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CN)CH₂CN;
  • —CH(CH₂CH₃)CH(CN)CH₂CN;
  • —C(CN)(CH₂CN)CH₂CH₂CH₃;
  • —C(CH₃)₂CH(CN)CH₂CN;
  • —C(CN)(CH₂CN)CH(CH₃)₂;
  • —C(CH₃)(CH₂CN)CH₂CH₂CN;
  • —CH(CH₂CN)CH(CH₃)CH₂CN;
  • —CH₂CH(CH₂CN)CH₂CH₂CN;
  • —CH₂CH(CH₂CN)CH(CN)CH₃;
  • —C(CH₃)(CH₂CN)CH(CN)CH₃;
  • —CH(CH(CN)₂)CH₂CH₂CH₃;
  • —C(CN)₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃;
  • —CH(CH₂CN)CH₂CH(CN)CH₃;
  • —CH(CH₂CH₂CN)CH(CN)CH₃;
  • —CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH(CN)₂;
  • —CH(CH₂CH₃)CH₂CH(CN)₂;
  • —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CN)₂;
  • —C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH(CN)₂;
  • —CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CN)₂CH₃;
  • —CH(CH₃)CH₂C(CN)₂CH₃;
  • —CH(CH(CN)₂)CH(CH₃)₂;
  • —CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CN)₂;
  • —CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH(CN)₂; and
  • —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CN)₂ and combinations thereof, where the fluorosilicon nitrile compound contains two cyanoalkyl groups per molecule.

When at least one alkyl group is present in the fluorosilicon nitrile compound as a substituent attached to the silicon atom, the alkyl group may, for example, be a C1-C8 alkyl group. The alkyl group may be straight chain or branched or may contain a cyclic structure (i.e., the alkyl group may be alicyclic). If two alkyl groups are attached to the silicon atom, they may be the same as each other or different from each other. Suitable alkyl groups include, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl and isomers thereof, n-hexyl and isomers thereof, n-heptyl and isomers thereof, and n-octyl and isomers thereof.

In one aspect of the invention, the fluorosilicon nitrile compound contains, as substituents attached to the silicon atom, one fluorine atom, one cyanoalkyl group, and two C1-C8 alkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other. In another aspect of the invention, the fluorosilicon nitrile compound contains, as substituents attached to the silicon atom, two fluorine atoms, one cyanoalkyl group and one C1-C8 alkyl group. In these embodiments, the C1-C8 alkyl groups may, for example, be selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl and combinations thereof.

A further embodiment of the invention provides a fluorosilicon nitrile compound of general formula Si(R¹)(R²)(R³)(R⁴), wherein one or two of R¹-R⁴ are fluorine atoms, one or two of R¹-R⁴ are cyanoalkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other where two cyanoalkyl groups are present, and the remaining R¹-R⁴, if any, are alkyl groups; subject to the proviso that the fluorosilicon nitrile compound is not SiF₂(CH₃)(CH₂CH₂CH(CN)CH₃); SiF₂(CH₃)(CH₂CH₂CH₂CN); SiF₂(CH₃)(CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN); or SiF₂[CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN]₂. The alkyl groups and cyanoalkyl groups may be any of such groups described previously.

For example, R¹ and R² may both be F, R³ may be an alkyl group and R⁴ may be a cyanoalkyl group. Alternatively, R¹ and R² may both be F and R³ and R⁴ may both be cyanoalkyl groups. In yet another aspect, R1 may be F, R² and R³ may both be alkyl, and R⁴ may be cyanoalkyl. Additionally, in a further aspect of the invention, R¹ may be F, R² may be alkyl, and R³ and R⁴ may both be cyanoalkyl.

Examples of fluorosilicon nitrile compounds in accordance with the present invention are shown in Table I. Each of these compounds may be synthesized from known chlorosilicon nitrile compounds containing Cl atoms, rather than F atoms, substituted on the silicon atom, using the fluorination methods described elsewhere herein.

TABLE I
	Compound #	Structure	Empirical Formula
	1		C6H12NSiF
	2		C5H9NSiF2
	3		C5H9NSiF2
	4		C5H9NSiF2
	5		C5H9NSiF2
	6		C7H14NSiF
	7		C7H14NSiF
	8		C7H14NSiF
	9		C8H12N2SiF2
	10		C7H11N2SiF
	11		C7H11N2SiF
	12		C6H8N2SiF2
	13		C9H18NSiF
	14		C8H15NSiF2
	15		C10H20NSiF
	16		C6H11NSiF2

Additional exemplary fluorosilicon nitrile compounds illustrative of the present invention are shown in Table II. These compounds contain one or two fluorine atoms attached to a silicon atom, a cyanoalkyl group attached to the silicon atom, and one or two methyl groups attached to the silicon atom. Also within the scope of the present invention are fluorosilicon compounds homologous or analogous to those shown in Table II in which the methyl group (in the case of the difluoromethylsilicon nitriles) or one or both of the methyl groups (in the case of the fluorodimethylsilicon nitriles) is or are substituted by an alkyl group other than methyl, in particular a branched or straight chain C2-C8 alkyl group such as ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl and the like.

TABLE II
	Fluorodimethylsilicon	Difluoromethylsilicon
Compound #	Nitrile	Nitrile
21	21a = C6H12NSiF	21b = C5H9NSiF2
	21c = C6H12NSiF	21d = C5H9NSiF2
22	22a = C7H11N2SiF	22b = C6H8N2SiF2
	22c = C7H11N2SiF	22d = C6H8N2SiF2
23	23a = C7H11N2SiF	23b = C6H8N2SiF2
	23c = C7H11N2SiF	23d = C6H8N2SiF2
24	24a = C7H11N2SiF	24b = C6H8N2SiF2
	24c = C7H11N2SiF	24d = C6H8N2SiF2
25	25a = C7H11N2SiF	25b = C6H8N2SiF2
	25c = C7H11N2SiF	25d = C6H8N2SiF2
26	26a = C7H14NSiF	26b = C6H11NSiF2
	26c = C7H14NSiF	26d = C6H11NSiF2
27	27a = C7H14NSiF	27b = C6H11NSiF2
	27c = C7H14NSiF	27d = C6H11NSiF2
28	28a = C7H14NSiF	28b = C6H11NSiF2
	28c = C7H14NSiF	28d = C6H11NSiF2
29	29a = C7H14NSiF	29b = C6H11NSiF2
	29c = C7H14NSiF	29d = C6H11NSiF2
30	30a = C7H14NSiF	30b = C6H11NSiF2
31	31a = C7H14NSiF	31c = C6H11NSiF2
	31b = C7H14NSiF
32	32a = C7H14NSiF	32b = C6H11NSiF2
33	33 = C7H14NSiF
34	34a = C8H16NSiF	34b = C7H13NSiF2
	34c = C8H16NSiF	34d = C7H13NSiF2
35	35a = C8H16NSiF	35b = C7H13NSiF2
	35c = C8H16NSiF	35d = C7H13NSiF2
36	36a = C8H16NSiF	36b = C7H13NSiF2
	36c = C8H16NSiF	36d = C7H13NSiF2
37	37a = C8H16NSiF	37b = C7H13NSiF2
38	38a = C8H16NSiF	38b = C7H13NSiF2
	38c = C8H16NSiF	38d = C7H13NSiF2
39	39a = C8H16NSiF	39b = C7H13NSiF2
	39c = C8H16NSiF	39d = C7H13NSiF2
40	40a = C8H16NSiF	40b = C7H13NSiF2
41	41a = C8H16NSiF	41b = C7H13NSiF2
	41c = C8H16NSiF	41d = C7H13NSiF2
42	42a = C8H16NSiF	42b = C7H13NSiF2
	42c = C8H16NSiF	42d = C7H13NSiF2
43	43a = C8H16NSiF	43b = C7H13NSiF2
44	44a = C8H16NSiF	44b = C7H13NSiF2
	44c = C8H16NSiF	44d = C7H13NSiF2
45	45a = C8H16NSiF	45b = C7H13NSiF2
	45c = C8H16NSiF	45d = C7H13NSiF2
46	46a = C8H16NSiF	46b = C7H13NSiF2
47	47a = C8H16NSiF	47b = C7H13NSiF2
	47c = C8H16NSiF	47d = C7H13NSiF2
48	48a = C8H16NSiF	48b = C7H13NSiF2
49	49a = C8H16NSiF	49b = C7H13NSiF2
50	50a = C8H16NSiF	50b = C7H13NSiF2
51	51a = C8H16NSiF	51b = C7H13NSiF2
52	52a = C8H16NSiF	52b = C7H13NSiF2
53	53a = C9H15N2SiF	53b = C8H12N2SiF2
	53c = C9H15N2SiF	53d = C8H12N2SiF2
54	54a = C9H15N2SiF	54b = C8H12N2SiF2
	54c = C9H15N2SiF	54d = C8H12N2SiF2
55	55a = C9H15N2SiF	55b = C8H12N2SiF2
	55c = C9H15N2SiF	55d = C8H12N2SiF2
56	56a = C9H15N2SiF	56b = C8H12N2SiF2
	56c = C9H15N2SiF	56d = C8H12N2SiF2
57	57a = C9H15N2SiF	57b = C8H12N2SiF2
	57c = C9H15N2SiF	57d = C8H12N2SiF2
58	58a = C9H15N2SiF	58b = C8H12N2SiF2
	58c = C9H15N2SiF	58d = C8H12N2SiF2
59	59a = C9H15N2SiF	59b = C8H12N2SiF2
	59c = C9H15N2SiF	59d = C8H12N2SiF2
60	60a = C9H15N2SiF	60b = C8H12N2SiF2
	60c = C9H15N2SiF	60d = C8H12N2SiF2
61	61a = C9H15N2SiF	61b = C8H12N2SiF2
62	62a = C9H15N2SiF	62b = C8H12N2SiF2
63	63a = C9H15N2SiF	63b = C8H12N2SiF2
	63c = C9H15N2SiF	63d = C8H12N2SiF2
64	64a = C9H15N2SiF	64b = C8H12N2SiF2
	64c = C9H15N2SiF	64d = C8H12N2SiF2
65	65a = C9H15N2SiF	65b = C8H12N2SiF2
66	66a = C9H15N2SiF	66b = C8H12N2SiF2
	66c = C9H15N2SiF	66d = C8H12N2SiF2
67	67a = C9H15N2SiF	67b = C8H12N2SiF2
	67c = C9H15N2SiF	67d = C8H12N2SiF2
68	68a = C9H15N2SiF	68b = C8H12N2SiF2
	68c = C9H15N2SiF	68d = C8H12N2SiF2
69	69a = C9H15N2SiF	69b = C8H12N2SiF2
	69c = C9H15N2SiF	69d = C8H12N2SiF2
70	70a = C9H15N2SiF	70b = C8H12N2SiF2
	70c = C9H15N2SiF	70d = C8H12N2SiF2
71	71a = C9H15N2SiF	71b = C8H12N2SiF2
	71c = C9H15N2SiF	71d = C8H12N2SiF2
72	72a = C9H15N2SiF	72b = C8H12N2SiF2
73	73a = C9H15N2SiF	73b = C8H12N2SiF2
	73c = C9H15N2SiF	73d = C8H12N2SiF2
74	74a = C9H15N2SiF	74b = C8H12N2SiF2

Also provided by the present invention are methods of making the above-mentioned fluorosilicon nitrile compounds.

In one aspect of the invention, a method is provided which comprises reacting a chlorosilicon nitrile compound with a fluorinating agent under conditions effective to exchange fluorine atoms for the chlorine atoms in the chlorosilicon nitrile compound. The chlorosilicon nitrile compound has a total of four substituents attached to a silicon atom, wherein one or two of the substituents are chlorine atoms, one or two of the substituents are cyanoalkyl groups, which may be the same as or different from each other, and the remainder of the substituents, if any, are alkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other. The chlorosilicon nitrile compound may correspond to general formula Si(R¹)(R²)(R³)(R⁴), wherein one or two of R¹-R⁴ are chlorine atoms, one or two of R¹-R⁴ are cyanoalkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other where two cyanoalkyl groups are present, and the remaining R¹-R⁴, if any, are alkyl groups.

The fluorinating agent may, for example, be selected from the group consisting of HF, MF, MHF₂ and SbF₃, where M is Na, K, Rb, Cs or NH₄. Fluorides of antimony, zinc, lead, mercury, silver, cobalt, copper, tungsten and other metals may be utilized as the fluorinating agent. Sodium fluoroborate may also be used, as can mixtures of SbF₃ and BF₃ or NaF and sulfuric acid. Other suitable fluorinating agents include neat BF₃, BF₃ etherates, Na₂SiF₆, NaPF₆, NaSbF₆, NaBF₄, Me₃SnF, PF₅, PhCBF₄, NOBF₄, and NO₂BF₄. If HF (hydrogen fluoride) is employed, it may be used in anhydrous form or in an aqueous-alcoholic or aqueous medium. Potassium hydrogen difluoride and ammonium hydrogen difluoride (ammonium bifluoride) are especially useful fluorinating agents.

Certain of the chlorosilicon nitrile compounds useful as the starting material in the aforementioned fluorination reaction are known compounds that may be prepared using methods known in the art. Such compounds include, for example, compounds having the following CAS registration numbers: 42759-42-2; 59343-99-6; 42759-43-3; 100792-00-5; 1068-40-2; 18243-57-7; 1274903-71-7; 876343-97-4; 2617-09-6; 18276-25-0; 18135-77-8; 103613-06-5; 1071-17-6; 18727-31-6; 7031-17-6; 169206-21-7; 875478-07-2; 161582-95-2; 113641-37-5; and 1186-40-9. Additional chlorosilicon nitrile compounds may be readily synthesized by hydrosilylation of an alkene with a chloroalkylsilane. In one embodiment of such a synthesis, the alkene is a cyanoalkene. The cyanoalkene may suitably be a C3-C10 cyanoalkene, for example, and may contain a single carbon-carbon double bond and one, two or more cyano (—CN) groups per molecule. The structure of the cyanoalkene is selected so as to provide a cyanoalkyl group of the type desired in the fluorosilicon nitrile produced by hydrosilylation. Illustrative examples of suitable cyanoalkenes include, but are not limited to, CH₃CH═CHCN (CAS 4786-20-3); CH₃C(CN)═CHCN (CAS 70240-55-0); NCCH₂CH═CHCN (CAS 7717-24-0); CH₃CH═C(CN)₂ (CAS 1508-07-2); CH₂═C(CN)CH₂CN (CAS 24412-94-0); CH₃CH₂CH═CHCN (CAS 13284-42-9); CH₂═CHCH₂CH₂CN (CAS 592-51-8); CH₃CH═CHCH₂CN (CAS 4635-87-4); CH₃CH═C(CN)CH₃ (CAS 4403-61-6); CH₂═C(CN)CH₂CH₃ (CAS 1647-11-6); CH₂═C(CH₃)CH₂CN (CAS 4786-19-0); (CH₃)₂C═CHCN (CAS 4786-24-7); CH₂═CHCH(CN)CH₃ (CAS 16529-56-9); CH₂═C(CH₂CN)CH₂CH₃ (CAS 1462956-36-0); CH₂═CHCH(CN)CH₂CH₃ (CAS 180974-28-1); CH₂═CHCH₂CH(CN)CH₃ (CAS 89464-18-6); CH₃CH₂C(CN)═CHCH₃ (CAS 89580-25-6); CH₂═CHCH(CH₃)CH₂CN (CAS 51980-04-2); CH₂═CHC(CH₃)₂CN (CAS 41405-16-7); CH₃CH(CN)CH═CHCH₃ (CAS 37674-62-7); CH₂═C(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN (CAS 34998-36-2); CH₃CH₂CH═CHCH₂CN (CAS 16170-44-8); CH₃CH₂CH₂CH═CHCN (CAS 5636-69-1); CH₂═CHCH₂CH₂CH₂CN (CAS 5048-19-1); (CH₃)₂C═C(CH₃)CN (CAS 4786-37-2); (CH₃)₂C═CHCH₂CN (CAS 4786-23-6); CH₂═C(CN)CH₂CH₂CH₃ (CAS 3931-57-5); CH₂═C(CN)CH(CH₃)₂(CAS 2813-69-6); CH₃CH₂CH₂CH═CHCN (CAS 67889-07-0); CH₂═C(CH₃)CH(CN)CH₃ (CAS 25653-08-1); (CH₃)₂CHCH═CHCN (CAS 19124-15-3); CH₃CH₂C(CH₃)═CHCN (CAS 14799-77-0); CH₃C(CN)═C(CN)CH₂CH₃ (CAS 1003003-54-0); NCCH₂CH₂CH₂CH═CHCN (CAS 872307-67-0); CH₂═C(CN)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN (CAS 856347-40-5); CH₃CH₂C(CH₃)═C(CN)₂ (CAS 13017-50-0); (CH₃)₂CHCH═C(CN)₂ (CAS 13134-03-7); CH₃CH═C(CN)CH₂CH₂CN (CAS 22485-88-7); CH₂═C(CN)CH₂CH(CN)CH₃ (CAS 35299-21-9); CH₂═CHCH₂CH(CN)CH₂CN (CAS 364453-09-5); CH₃CH═CHCH(CN)CH₂CN (CAS 36453-10-8); CH₃CH₂CH═C(CN)CH₂CN (CAS 36453-11-9); (CH₃)₂C═C(CN)CH₂CN (CAS 67386-03-2); NCCH₂C(CH₃)═CHCH₂CN (CAS 76257-96-0); CH₂═C(CH₂CN)CH₂CH₂CN (CAS 80718-20-3); CH₂═C(CH₂CN)CH(CN)CH₃ (CAS 80718-26-9); CH₃CH₂CH₂CH═C(CN)₂ (CAS 87948-15-0); CH₃CH(CN)CH═CHCH₂CN (CAS 122917-04-8); (NC)₂CHCH₂CH═CHCH₃ (CAS 130575-29-0); CH₂═C(CH₃)CH₂CH(CN)₂ (CAS 145050-18-6); CH₂═CHCH₂C(CN)₂CH₃ (CAS 154657-02-0); (CH₃)₂C═CHCH(CN)₂ (CAS 442661-89-4); CH₂═CHCH(CH₃)CH(CN)₂ (CAS 443124-95-6); and CH₂═CHCH₂CH₂CH(CN)₂ (CAS 475197-78-5).

The chloroalkylsilane may be a silane containing, as substituents attached to the silicon atom, one or two hydrogen atoms, one chlorine atom and one or two alkyl groups, which may be the same as each other or different from each other. Where one hydrogen atom is present, one molecule of cyanoalkene reacts with one molecule of chloroalkylsilane in the hydrosilylation reaction, thereby introducing a single cyanoalkyl group into the silane. When two hydrogen atoms are present, two molecules of cyanoalkene react with one molecule of chloroalkylsilane, thereby introducing two cyanoalkyl groups into the silane. In this embodiment, the chloroalkyl silane may correspond to the general structure SiCl(H)_n(R)_3-n, where n is 1 or 2 and R is alkyl. In another aspect of the invention, the chloroalkyl silane may be a silane containing, as substituents attached to the silicon atom, one or two hydrogen atoms, two chlorine atoms, and, where only one hydrogen atom is attached to silicon, a single alkyl group. In this embodiment, the chloroalkyl silane may correspond to the general structure SiCl₂(H)_n(R)_2-n, where n is 1 or 2 and R, if present, is alkyl. Where one hydrogen atom is present, one molecule of cyanoalkene reacts with one molecule of chloroalkylsilane in the hydrosilylation reaction, thereby introducing a single cyanoalkyl group into the silane. When two hydrogen atoms are present, two molecules of alkene react with one molecule of chloroalkylsilane, thereby introducing two cyanoalkyl groups into the silane.

The alkyl groups may, for example, be a C1-C8 alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl and isomers thereof, n-pentyl and isomers thereof, n-hexyl and isomers thereof, n-heptyl and isomers thereof, n-octyl and isomers thereof and combinations of such alkyl groups. The chloroalkylsilane thus may correspond to the general formula HSi(R¹)(R²)(R³), wherein one or two of R¹-R³ are chlorine atoms and the remaining R¹-R³ are alkyl groups, which may be the same as or different from each other where more than one alkyl group per molecule is present.

An example of such a synthetic reaction scheme is shown below. In this example, the alkene 2-cyanobut-1-ene (CAS #1647-11-6) is hydrosilylated with chlorodimethylsilane (CDMS), leading to a chlorosilicon nitrile having the structure shown (Reaction 1A). The chlorosilicon nitrile is then reacted with a fluorinating agent to produce fluorosilicon nitrile compound 30a having the structure shown (Reaction 1B).

A further method of making a fluorosilicon nitrile compound in accordance with the present invention comprises hydrosilylation of an alkene with a fluoroalkylsilane (i.e., reacting the alkene and fluoroalkylsilane under hydrosilylation conditions). The reacted alkene may be a cyanoalkene, for example. Suitable cyanoalkenes include any of the previously mentioned cyanoalkenes.

The fluoroalkylsilane may be a silane containing, as substituents attached to the silicon atom, one or two hydrogen atoms, one fluorine atom and one or two alkyl groups, which may be the same as each other or different from each other. The total number of hydrogen atoms, fluorine atom, and alkyl groups equals four. Where one hydrogen atom attached to silicon is present, one molecule of cyanoalkene reacts with one molecule of fluoroalkylsilane in the hydrosilylation reaction, thereby introducing a single cyanoalkyl group into the silane. When two hydrogen atoms attached to silicon are present, two molecules of cyanoalkene react with one molecule of fluoroalkylsilane, thereby introducing two cyanoalkyl groups into the silane. In this embodiment, the fluoroalkyl silane may correspond to the general structure SiF(H)_n(R)_3-n, where n is 1 or 2 and R is alkyl. In another aspect of the invention, the fluoroalkyl silane may be a silane containing, as substituents attached to the silicon atom, one or two hydrogen atoms, two fluorine atoms, and, where only one hydrogen atom is attached to silicon, a single alkyl group. The total number of hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms and alkyl group equals four. In this embodiment, the fluoroalkyl silane may correspond to the general structure SiF₂(H)_n(R)_2-n, where n is 1 or 2 and R, if present, is alkyl. Where one hydrogen atom attached to silicon is present, one molecule of cyanoalkene reacts with one molecule of fluoroalkylsilane in the hydrosilylation reaction, thereby introducing a single cyanoalkyl group into the silane. When two hydrogen atoms attached to silicon are present, two molecules of cyanoalkene react with one molecule of fluoroalkylsilane, thereby introducing two cyanoalkyl groups into the silane.

The alkyl groups may, for example, be a C1-C8 alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl and isomers thereof, n-pentyl and isomers thereof, n-hexyl and isomers thereof, n-heptyl and isomers thereof, n-octyl and isomers thereof and combinations of such alkyl groups.

The fluoroalkylsilane thus may correspond to the general formula HSi(R¹)(R²)(R³), wherein one or two of R¹-R³ are fluorine atoms and the remaining R¹-R³ are alkyl groups, which may be the same as or different from each other where more than one alkyl group per molecule is present.

The following reaction scheme (Reaction 1C) is an example of such a reaction. In this example, fluorosilicon nitrile compound 30a is prepared by direct hydrosilylation of the alkene 2-cyanobut-1-ene with fluorodimethylsilane (FDMS).

In one embodiment of the invention, the above-mentioned hydrosilylation reactions are carried out in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst, in particular an organoplatinum coordination complex having activity as a hydrosilylation catalyst. Karstedt's catalyst, which is an organoplatinum compound derived from divinyl-containing disiloxane (by treatment of chloroplatinic acid with divinyltetramethyldisiloxane), is an example of a suitable catalyst for this purpose. Other suitable hydrosilylation catalysts include, for example, Wilkinson's catalyst (tris(triphenylphosphone)rhodium (I) chloride), the cobalt carbonyl complex Co₂(CO)₈, and H₂PtCl₆ (Speier's catalyst). Hydrosilylation typically proceeds in an anti-Markovnikov manner. However, depending upon the reaction conditions used, hydrosilylation may not be completely selective; that is, a mixture of isomeric hydrosilylation products may be obtained. The individual components of such reaction product mixtures may be purified and isolated using any conventionally known techniques, such as fractional distillation. Alternatively, the mixture of components may be utilized for the desired end use without such fractionation or separation.

Typically, where it is desired to introduce a single cyanoalkyl group into a silane, the molar ratio of cyanoalkene to fluoroalkylsilane may be approximately 1:1, e.g., from about 0.7:1 to about 1.3:1. If it is desired to introduce two cyanoalkyl groups, the molar ratio of cyanoalkene to fluoroalkylsilane may be approximately 2:1, e.g., from about 1.5:1 to about 2.5:1. The hydrosilylation may be carried out using an organic solvent, e.g., an aromatic hydrocarbon, as a reaction medium. The mixture of cyanoalkene, fluoroalkylsilane, hydrosilylation catalyst and optional solvent may be heated for a time and at a temperature effective to provide the desired conversion of the starting materials. For example, reaction temperatures of from about 50° C. to about 110° C. and reaction times of from about 1 to about 6 hours may be utilized.

Aspects of the present invention include:

• • 1. A fluorosilicon nitrile compound having a total of four substituents attached to a silicon atom, wherein one or two of the substituents are fluorine atoms, one or two of the substituents are cyanoalkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other, and the remainder of the substituents, if any, are alkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other;
    • subject to the proviso that the fluorosilicon nitrile compound is not SiF₂(CH₃)(CH₂CH₂CH(CN)CH₃); SiF₂(CH₃)(CH₂CH₂CH₂CN); SiF₂(CH₃)(CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN); or SiF₂[CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN]₂.
  • 2. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 1, wherein one substitutent is a fluorine atom, one substituent is a cyanoalkyl group, and two substituents are alkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other.
  • 3. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 1, wherein two substituents are fluorine atoms, one substituent is a cyanoalkyl group, and one substituent is an alkyl group.
  • 4. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 1, wherein one substituent is a fluorine atom, two substituents are cyanoalkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other, and one substituent is an alkyl group.
  • 5. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 1, wherein two substituents are fluorine atoms and two substituents are cyanoalkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other.
  • 6. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cyanoalkyl groups are C2-C9 cyanoalkyl groups.
  • 7. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 1, wherein at least one alkyl group is present and the alkyl group is a C1-C8 alkyl group.
  • 8. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cyanoalkyl group or cyanoalkyl groups contain(s) a single cyano group per cyanoalkyl group.
  • 9. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of any one of claims 1 through 7, wherein the cyanoalkyl group or cyanoalkyl groups contain(s) two cyano groups per cyanoalkyl group.
  • 10. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cyanoalkyl group or cyanoalkyl groups contain(s) a cyano group which is substituted at a terminal position of an alkyl radical.
  • 11. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of any one of the preceeding claims, wherein the cyanoalkyl group or cyanoalkyl groups contain(s) a cyano group which is substituted at an internal position of an alkyl radical.
  • 12. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cyanoalkyl group or cyanoalkyl groups are selected from the group consisting of:
    • —CH₂CH(CN)CH₃;
    • —CH(CN)CH₂CH₃;
    • —C(CN)(CH₃)₂;
    • —CH₂CH₂CN;
    • —CH(CN)CH₃;
    • —CH₂CH₂CH(CN)CH₃;
    • —CH₂CH(CN)CH₂CH₃;
    • —(CH₂)₃CN;
    • —(CH₂)₂CN;
    • —(CH₂)₄CN;
    • —(CH₂)₅CN;
    • —(CH₂)₃C(CN)₂CH₃;
    • —CH(CH₃)CH₂CN;
    • —CH(CN)CH(CN)CH₃;
    • —C(CN)(CH₃)CH₂CN;
    • —CH(CH₂CN)₂;
    • —CH(CN)CH₂CH₂CN;
    • —CH(CH₃)CH(CN)₂;
    • —C(CN)₂(CH₂CH₃);
    • —CH₂CH(CN)CH₂CN;
    • —C(CN)(CH₃)CH₂CN;
    • —CH(CH₂CH₃)CH₂CN;
    • —CH(CN)CH₂CH₂CH₃;
    • —CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN;
    • —CH(CH₂CN)CH₂CH₃;
    • —CH(CH₃)CH(CN)CH₃;
    • —C(CN)(CH₃)CH₂CH₃;
    • —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN;
    • —C(CH₃)₂CH₂CN;
    • —CH(CN)CH(CH₃)₂;
    • —CH₂CH₂CH(CN)CH₃;
    • —CH₂CH(CH₂CN)CH₂CH₃;
    • —C(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃)CH₂CN;
    • —CH₂CH₂CH(CN)CH₂CH₃;
    • —CH(CH₃)CH(CN)CH₂CH₃;
    • —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CN)CH₃;
    • —CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CN)CH₃;
    • —C(CH₂CH₃)₂(CN);
    • —CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN;
    • —CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH₂CN;
    • —(CH₂)₂C(CH₃)₂CN;
    • —CH(CH₃)C(CH₃)₂CN;
    • —CH(CH₂CH₃)CH(CN)CH₃;
    • —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN;
    • —C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH₂CN;
    • —CH(CH₂CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN;
    • —CH(CH₂CN)CH₂CH₂CH₃;
    • —CH(CN)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃;
    • —CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN;
    • —C(CH₃)₂CH(CN)CH₃;
    • —C(CH₃)(CN)CH(CH₃)₂;
    • —CH(CH₂CN)CH(CH₃)₂;
    • —CH₂CH(CN)CH₂CH₂CH₃;
    • —C(CH₃)(CN)CH₂CH₂CH₃;
    • —CH₂CH(CN)CH(CH₃)₂;
    • —CH(CN)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃;
    • —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CN)CH₃;
    • —CH(CN)CH₂CH(CH₃)₂;
    • —CH(CN)CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃;
    • —C(CH₃)(CN)CH(CN)CH₂CH₃;
    • —C(CN)(CH₂CH₃)CH(CN)CH₃;
    • —CH(CH₂CN)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN;
    • —CH(CN)CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN;
    • —CH₂CH(CN)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN;
    • —C(CH₃)(CN)CH₂CH₂CH₂CN;
    • —C(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃)CH(CN)₂;
    • —C(CN)₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃;
    • —C(CN)₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂;
    • —CH(CH(CN)₂)CH(CH₃)₂;
    • —C(CN)(CH₂CH₃)CH₂CH₂CN;
    • —CH(CH₃)CH(CN)CH₂CH₂CN;
    • —CH₂CH(CN)CH₂CH(CN)CH₃;
    • —C(CN)(CH₃)CH₂CH(CN)CH₃;
    • —(CH₂)₃CH(CN)CH₂CN;
    • —CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CN)CH₂CN;
    • —CH(CH₂CH₃)CH(CN)CH₂CN;
    • —C(CN)(CH₂CN)CH₂CH₂CH₃;
    • —C(CH₃)₂CH(CN)CH₂CN;
    • —C(CN)(CH₂CN)CH(CH₃)₂;
    • —C(CH₃)(CH₂CN)CH₂CH₂CN;
    • —CH(CH₂CN)CH(CH₃)CH₂CN;
    • —CH₂CH(CH₂CN)CH₂CH₂CN;
    • —CH₂CH(CH₂CN)CH(CN)CH₃;
    • —C(CH₃)(CH₂CN)CH(CN)CH₃;
    • —CH(CH(CN)₂)CH₂CH₂CH₃;
    • —C(CN)₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃;
    • —CH(CH₂CN)CH₂CH(CN)CH₃;
    • —CH(CH₂CH₂CN)CH(CN)CH₃;
    • —CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂CH(CN)₂;
    • —CH(CH₂CH₃)CH₂CH(CN)₂;
    • —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CN)₂;
    • —C(CH₃)₂CH₂CH(CN)₂;
    • —CH₂CH₂CH₂C(CN)₂CH₃;
    • —CH(CH₃)CH₂C(CN)₂CH₃;
    • —CH(CH(CN)₂)CH(CH₃)₂;
    • —CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH(CN)₂;
    • —CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH(CN)₂; and
    • —CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(CN)₂ and combinations thereof.
  • 13. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 12, wherein the fluorosilicon nitrile compound contains, as substituents attached to the silicon atom, one fluorine atom, one cyanoalkyl group, and two C1-C8 alkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other.
  • 14. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 13, wherein the fluorosilicon nitrile compound contains, as substituents attached to the silicon atom, two alkyl groups selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl and combinations thereof.
  • 15. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 12, wherein the fluorosilicon nitrile compound contains, as substituents attached to the silicon atom, two fluorine atoms, one cyanoalkyl group and one C1-C8 alkyl group.
  • 16. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claims 12 or 15, wherein the fluorosilicon nitrile compound contains, as substituents attached to the silicon atom, two alkyl groups selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl and combinations thereof.
  • 17. A fluorosilicon nitrile compound of general formula Si(R¹)(R²)(R³)(R⁴), wherein one or two of R¹-R⁴ are fluorine atoms, one or two of R¹-R⁴ are cyanoalkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other where two cyanoalkyl groups are present, and the remaining R¹-R⁴, if any, are alkyl groups; subject to the proviso that the fluorosilicon nitrile compound is not SiF₂(CH₃)(CH₂CH₂CH(CN)CH₃); SiF₂(CH₃)(CH₂CH₂CH₂CN); SiF₂(CH₃)(CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN); or SiF₂[CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CN]₂.
  • 18. A method of making a fluorosilicon nitrile compound in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method comprises reacting a chlorosilicon nitrile compound with a fluorinating agent under conditions effective to exchange fluorine atoms for the chlorine atoms in the chlorosilicon nitrile compound and wherein the chlorosilicon nitrile compound has a total of four substituents attached to a silicon atom, wherein one or two of the substituents are chlorine atoms, one or two of the substituents are cyanoalkyl groups, which may be the same as or different from each other, and the remainder of the substituents, if any, are alkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other.
  • 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the fluorinating agent is selected from the group consisting of HF, MF, MHF₂ and SbF₃, where M is Na, K, Rb, Cs or NH₄.
  • 20. The method of claims 18 or 19, wherein the chlorosilicon nitrile compound is prepared by hydrosilylation of an alkene with a chloroalkylsilane.
  • 21. The method of claims 18 through 20, wherein the alkene is a cyanoalkene.
  • 22. A method of making a fluorosilicon nitrile compound in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method comprises hydrosilylation of an alkene with a fluoroalkylsilane.
  • 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the alkene is a cyanoalkene.

Within this specification embodiments have been described in a way which enables a clear and concise specification to be written, but it is intended and will be appreciated that embodiments may be variously combined or separated without parting from the invention. For example, it will be appreciated that all preferred features described herein are applicable to all aspects of the invention described herein.

Claims

1. A fluorosilicon nitrile compound having a total of four substituents attached to a silicon atom, wherein one or two of the substituents are fluorine atoms, one or two of the substituents are cyanoalkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other, and the remainder of the substituents, if any, are alkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other; subject to the proviso that the fluorosilicon nitrile compound is notSiF2(CH3)(CH2CH2CH(CN)CH3); SiF2(CH3)(CH2CH2CH2CN);SiF2(CH3)(CH2CH(CH3)CH2CN); or SiF2[CH2CH(CH3)CH2CN]2.

2. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 1, wherein one substitutent is a fluorine atom, one substituent is a cyanoalkyl group, and two substituents are alkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other.

3. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 1, wherein two substituents are fluorine atoms, one substituent is a cyanoalkyl group, and one substituent is an alkyl group.

4. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 1, wherein one substituent is a fluorine atom, two substituents are cyanoalkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other, and one substituent is an alkyl group.

5. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 1, wherein two substituents are fluorine atoms and two substituents are cyanoalkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other.

6. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 1, wherein the cyanoalkyl groups are C2-C9 cyanoalkyl groups.

7. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 1, wherein at least one alkyl group is present and the alkyl group is a C1-C8 alkyl group.

8. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 1, wherein the cyanoalkyl group or cyanoalkyl groups contain(s) a single cyano group per cyanoalkyl group.

9. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 1, wherein the cyanoalkyl group or cyanoalkyl groups contain(s) two cyano groups per cyanoalkyl group.

10. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 1, wherein the cyanoalkyl group or cyanoalkyl groups contain(s) a cyano group which is substituted at a terminal position of an alkyl radical.

11. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 1, wherein the cyanoalkyl group or cyanoalkyl groups contain(s) a cyano group which is substituted at an internal position of an alkyl radical.

12. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 1, wherein the cyanoalkyl group or cyanoalkyl groups are selected from the group consisting of: —CH2CH(CN)CH3;—CH(CN)CH2CH3;—C(CN)(CH3)2;—CH2CH2CN;—CH(CN)CH3;—CH2CH2CH(CN)CH3;—CH2CH(CN)CH2CH3;—(CH2)3CN;—(CH2)2CN;—(CH2)4CN;—(CH2)5CN;—(CH2)3C(CN)2CH3;—CH(CH3)CH2CN;—CH(CN)CH(CN)CH3;—C(CN)(CH3)CH2CN;—CH(CH2CN)2;—CH(CN)CH2CH2CN;—CH(CH3)CH(CN)2;—C(CN)2(CH2CH3);—CH2CH(CN)CH2CN;—C(CN)(CH3)CH2CN;—CH(CH2CH3)CH2CN;—CH(CN)CH2CH2CH3;—CH(CH3)CH2CH2CN;—CH(CH2CN)CH2CH3;—CH(CH3)CH(CN)CH3;—C(CN)(CH3)CH2CH3;—CH2CH(CH3)CH2CN;—C(CH3)2CH2CN;—CH(CN)CH(CH3)2;—CH2CH2CH(CN)CH3;—CH2CH(CH2CN)CH2CH3;—C(CH3)(CH2CH3)CH2CN;—CH2CH2CH(CN)CH2CH3;—CH(CH3)CH(CN)CH2CH3;—CH2CH2CH2CH(CN)CH3;—CH(CH3)CH2CH(CN)CH3;—C(CH2CH3)2(CN);—CH2CH2CH(CH3)CH2CN;—CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CN;—(CH2)2C(CH3)2CN;—CH(CH3)C(CH3)2CN;—CH(CH2CH3)CH(CN)CH3;—CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CN;—C(CH3)2CH2CH2CN;—CH(CH2CH3)CH2CH2CN;—CH(CH2CN)CH2CH2CH3;—CH(CN)CH2CH2CH2CH3;—CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH2CN;—C(CH3)2CH(CN)CH3;—C(CH3)(CN)CH(CH3)2;—CH(CH2CN)CH(CH3)2;—CH2CH(CN)CH2CH2CH3;—C(CH3)(CN)CH2CH2CH3;—CH2CH(CN)CH(CH3)2;—CH(CN)CH2CH2CH2CH3;—CH2CH(CH3)CH(CN)CH3;—CH(CN)CH2CH(CH3)2;—CH(CN)CH(CH3)CH2CH3;—C(CH3)(CN)CH(CN)CH2CH3;—C(CN)(CH2CH3)CH(CN)CH3;—CH(CH2CN)CH2CH2CH2CN;—CH(CN)CH2CH2CH2CH2CN;—CH2CH(CN)CH2CH2CH2CN;—C(CH3)(CN)CH2CH2CH2CN;—C(CH3)(CH2CH3)CH(CN)2;—C(CN)2CH(CH3)CH2CH3;—C(CN)2CH2CH(CH3)2;—CH(CH(CN)2)CH(CH3)2;—C(CN)(CH2CH3)CH2CH2CN;—CH(CH3)CH(CN)CH2CH2CN;—CH2CH(CN)CH2CH(CN)CH3;—C(CN)(CH3)CH2CH(CN)CH3;—(CH2)3CH(CN)CH2CN;—CH(CH3)CH2CH(CN)CH2CN;—CH(CH2CH3)CH(CN)CH2CN;—C(CN)(CH2CN)CH2CH2CH3;—C(CH3)2CH(CN)CH2CN;—C(CN)(CH2CN)CH(CH3)2;—C(CH3)(CH2CN)CH2CH2CN;—CH(CH2CN)CH(CH3)CH2CN;—CH2CH(CH2CN)CH2CH2CN;—CH2CH(CH2CN)CH(CN)CH3;—C(CH3)(CH2CN)CH(CN)CH3;—CH(CH(CN)2)CH2CH2CH3;—C(CN)2CH2CH2CH2CH3;—CH(CH2CN)CH2CH(CN)CH3;—CH(CH2CH2CN)CH(CN)CH3;—CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH(CN)2;—CH(CH2CH3)CH2CH(CN)2;—CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH(CN)2;—C(CH3)2CH2CH(CN)2;—CH2CH2CH2C(CN)2CH3;—CH(CH3)CH2C(CN)2CH3;—CH(CH(CN)2)CH(CH3)2;—CH2CH2CH(CH3)CH(CN)2;—CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH(CN)2; and—CH2CH2CH2CH2CH(CN)2 and combinations thereof.

13. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 12, wherein the fluorosilicon nitrile compound contains, as substituents attached to the silicon atom, one fluorine atom, one cyanoalkyl group, and two C1-C8 alkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other.

14. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 13, wherein the fluorosilicon nitrile compound contains, as substituents attached to the silicon atom, two alkyl groups selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl and combinations thereof.

15. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 12, wherein the fluorosilicon nitrile compound contains, as substituents attached to the silicon atom, two fluorine atoms, one cyanoalkyl group and one C1-C8 alkyl group.

16. The fluorosilicon nitrile compound of claim 15, wherein the fluorosilicon nitrile compound contains, as substituents attached to the silicon atom, two alkyl groups selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl and combinations thereof.

17. A fluorosilicon nitrile compound of general formula Si(R1)(R2)(R3)(R4), wherein one or two of R1-R4 are fluorine atoms, one or two of R1-R4 are cyanoalkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other where two cyanoalkyl groups are present, and the remaining R1-R4, if any, are alkyl groups; subject to the proviso that the fluorosilicon nitrile compound is not SiF2(CH3)(CH2CH2CH(CN)CH3); SiF2(CH3)(CH2CH2CH2CN); SiF2(CH3)(CH2CH(CH3)CH2CN); or SiF2[CH2CH(CH3)CH2CN]2.

18. A method of making a fluorosilicon nitrile compound in accordance with claim 1, wherein the method comprises reacting a chlorosilicon nitrile compound with a fluorinating agent under conditions effective to exchange fluorine atoms for the chlorine atoms in the chlorosilicon nitrile compound and wherein the chlorosilicon nitrile compound has a total of four substituents attached to a silicon atom, wherein one or two of the substituents are chlorine atoms, one or two of the substituents are cyanoalkyl groups, which may be the same as or different from each other, and the remainder of the substituents, if any, are alkyl groups, which are the same as or different from each other.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the fluorinating agent is selected from the group consisting of HF, MF, MHF2 and SbF3, where M is Na, K, Rb, Cs or NH4.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the chlorosilicon nitrile compound is prepared by hydrosilylation of an alkene with a chloroalkylsilane.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the alkene is a cyanoalkene.

22. A method of making a fluorosilicon nitrile compound in accordance with claim 1, wherein the method comprises hydrosilylation of an alkene with a fluoroalkylsilane.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the alkene is a cyanoalkene.