Patent Application
20130199625
The current disclosure relates to fire hydrants. Particularly, the current disclosure relates to flushing of fire hydrants.
A device for flushing a hydrant is disclosed and includes a stem connected to a valve of the hydrant; and an actuation system including a biased translational system coupled to the stem.
Also disclosed is an actuation system for flushing a hydrant including a fluid; a piston assembly movable by the fluid; and a biasing element at least indirectly biasing the piston assembly towards a stop position.
Also disclosed is a method of flushing a hydrant including operating an actuation system coupled to the hydrant, the actuation system including a stored energy device, a piston assembly coupled to a stem of the hydrant; and a biasing element coupled to the stem, the stem connected to a valve of the hydrant; and opening the valve of the hydrant by releasing energy from the stored energy device against a piston plate of the piston assembly.
Various implementations described in the present disclosure may include additional systems, methods, features, and advantages, which may not necessarily be expressly disclosed herein but will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. It is intended that all such systems, methods, features, and advantages be included within the present disclosure and protected by the accompanying claims.
The features and components of the following figures are illustrated to emphasize the general principles of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. Corresponding features and components throughout the figures may be designated by matching reference characters for the sake of consistency and clarity. Although dimensions may be shown in some figures, such dimensions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the disclosure.
Disclosed are methods, systems, and apparatus associated with flushing fire hydrants. The disclosure provides apparatus, methods, and systems for flushing a fire hydrant. The fire hydrant in various embodiments may be flushed using a fluid actuation system. The fire hydrant in various embodiments may be flushed from a remote location using a remote communicator.
It is common in municipal water systems to flush water through fire hydrants to ensure adequate flow and pressure to the hydrants and to remove sediment from the piping system. Often, this can be a labor-intensive task, requiring technicians to go into the field to perform the flushing operation for each hydrant in the piping system.
Most standard fire hydrants in the United States of America and in many other parts of the world are “dry barrel hydrants,” meaning that the hydrant itself contains no water. Because fire hydrants are above-ground apparatus, a hydrant full of water could freeze and crack. Instead, water is flushed into the hydrant when it is needed.
Standard fire hydrants, such as standard fire hydrant 10, seen in
Seen in
The foregoing paragraphs describe a manual override system of the flushable hydrant 100 that allow the flushable hydrant 100 to be operated externally by an operator such as a fireman or technician. As such, the flushable hydrant 100 can be used in the same application as prior art fire hydrants. However, the flushable hydrant 100 is also operable by other means, as described below.
Coupled to the stem 110 is a top stop 144. The top stop 144 provides bracing for one end of a biasing element 146. In the current embodiment, the biasing element 146 is a helical spring, although it may be various types of biasing elements in various embodiments, including various types of springs, magnetic biasing, electromechanical biasing such as servomotor-actuation, electromagnetic biasing such as solenoid-actuation, and gravitational biasing, among others. The biasing element 146 is braced on its other end to a bottom stop 148. Because the top stop 144 is coupled to the stem 110, the biasing element 146 biases the flushable hydrant 100 to the closed position, as shown in
As can be seen, the flushable hydrant 100 includes a shroud 149. The shroud 149 of the current embodiment is made of steel that is 0.100 inches in thickness, although various materials and thicknesses may be used in various embodiments. The flushable hydrant 100 includes six compressed gas containers 150a,b,c,d,e,f (150b,c,d,e not shown). In various embodiments, various numbers, shapes, and configurations of compressed gas containers 150 may be used. In one exemplary embodiment, the shroud 149 is used as a compressed gas container 150 such that compressed gas fills the entire volume encompassed by the shroud. Such a configuration would obviate the need for separate compressed gas containers 150. Other fluid media may be used in the system of the current embodiment aside from compressed gas. Compressed gas is intended solely as an exemplary embodiment. Additionally, myriad variations on the systems, methods, and apparatus of the current embodiment may be used in various embodiments, including variations that may obviate the need for a fluid system, in some embodiments.
Each compressed gas container 150a,b,c,d,e,f is designed to hold a predetermined volume of compressed gas at a predetermined pressure. All of the compressed gas containers 150a,b,c,d,e,f are in fluid communication with one another such that the compressed gas containers 150a,b,c,d,e,f act as a single container, although various embodiments may include various different configurations.
Fittings 152a,b,c,d,e,f provide a fluid communication route from each compressed gas container 150a,b,c,d,e,f to gas bores 154a,b,c,d,e,f in a hydrant seal plate 155, respectively. Each fitting 152a,b,c,d,e,f in the current embodiment is made of brass, although other materials or configurations may be used. Each gas bore 154a,b,c,d,e,f is in fluid communication with a vein 156a,b,c,d,e,f, respectively, which connects to an annulus groove 158. Because all of the veins 156a,b,c,d,e,f are in fluid communication with the same annulus groove 158, compressed gas may move between the compressed gas containers 150a,b,c,d,e,f to equalize pressure therein. Annular gaskets 162a,b are seen sealing the annulus groove 158.
A hold down assembly 160 includes a hold down nut 164 and a stem body 166. The hold down nut 164 is connected by threading 167 to threading 169 of the stem body 166. The hold down assembly 160 sandwiches a bonnet 170 of the flushable hydrant 100. The connection of the hold down assembly 160 and the bonnet 170 is sealed by a gasket 171.
The stem body 166 defines a bias cavity 168 inside which the previously-mentioned biasing element 146 is seated. The stem body 166 also defines a pressure cavity 175. Within the pressure cavity 175 is a piston assembly 180. The piston assembly 180 includes a piston plate 182, a washer 184, a washer stop 186, a cylinder body 188, a bottom plate 189, and a bottom plate stop 187. In some embodiments, the bottom plate 189 and cylinder body 188 may be one piece. Annular gaskets 191a,b and 192a,b seal the space between the piston plate 182 and the bottom plate 189. Piston gaskets 194a,b seal a piston void 199 defined within the space between the piston plate 182 and the stem body 166 on the opposing side of the piston plate 182 from the bottom plate 189. The piston void 199 as shown has no volume. When the piston plate 182 moves, the piston void 199 becomes larger. The purpose of the piston gaskets 194a,b will become apparent below with reference to
A fill port 196 can also be seen connected to the top of compressed gas container 150a. The fill port 196 allows the compressed gas containers 150a,b,c,d,e,f to be filled with compressed gas.
As seen in
In operation, the flushable hydrant 100 can be actuated using the manual process described above. The flushable hydrant 100 can also be actuated by an actuation system. The actuation system may be connected to a remote communicator in various embodiments. One embodiment of an actuation system is described below, although one of skill in the art would understand that various elements may be altered or substituted in various modifications to the disclosure below without being considered outside the scope of the disclosure.
The stem 110 is capable of automatic actuation using the actuation system. The actuation system includes energy stored in the form of compressed gas, although various forms of stored energy may be used in various embodiments, including batteries, biasing elements such as springs and elastic, stored gravitational energy, mechanical batteries and flywheels, shape memory energy, and electromechanical storage, among other types of stored energy. Actuating the stem 110 using compressed gas is controlled by the pressure regulation assembly 310. The pressure regulation assembly 310 may include a wireless communication module or another communication module in various embodiments. The pressure regulation assembly 310 receives instructions to open the flushable hydrant 100. In response, the pressure regulation assembly 310, which is connected in fluid communication by the annulus connection line 315 to the annulus groove 158. The annulus groove 158 is connected to each vein 156a,b,c,d,e,f. Each vein 156a,b,c,d,e,f is connected to each gas bore 154a,b,c,d,e,f. Each gas bore 154a,b,c,d,e,f is connected to by each fitting 152a,b,c,d,e,f to each compressed gas container 150a,b,c,d,e,f. The piston void line 325 connects the pressure regulation assembly 310 in fluid communication to the piston void 199. Thus, the pressure regulation assembly 310 controls the release of compressed gas from the compressed gas containers 150a,b,c,d,e,f to the piston void 199.
In operation, the pressure regulation assembly 310 is opened to allow compressed gas to travel from the compressed gas containers 150a,b,c,d,e,f to the piston void 199. As pressure of the compressed gas in the compressed gas containers 150a,b,c,d,e,f is released into the piston void 199, the increased pressure in the piston void 199 is applied to the surface area of the piston plate 182. Pressure applied to an area creates a force on the piston plate 199 which is translated into the washer 184 and, thereby, into the washer stop 186. The force on the washer stop 186 is translated into the stem 110 resulting in a downward force on the stem 110.
As the compressed gas flowing from the compressed gas containers 150a,b,c,d,e,f to the piston void 199 increases, the downward force on the stem 110 increases. Eventually, the force on the stem 110 overcomes the closing pressure of the valve (not shown), causing the valve to open. When the valve opens, water is allowed to flush into and through the flushable hydrant 110. As such, the actuation system operates as a biased translational system in the current embodiment. Various embodiments of biased translational systems may also be used in various embodiments.
To open the valve, the stem 110 moves downward as shown in
As can be seen, the biasing element 146 has compressed, thereby storing energy. The top stop 144 has moved downward in the view because it is connected to the stem 110, as is the coupling shear pin 142, the piston 182, the washer 184, and the washer stop 186. In the current embodiment, all of these parts have moved until the piston plate 182 contacts the cylinder body 188 and the cylinder body 188 provides a mechanical stop. Other embodiments many include various configurations for stops. It should be noted that no other parts or subassemblies of the flushable hydrant 100 have moved in the current embodiment, although various configurations may be present in various embodiments.
Before any flushing takes place, pressure in the compressed gas containers 150a,b,c,d,e,f is at its highest, and there is no pressurization in the piston void 199. To open the valve (not shown), as previously described, the outflow valve 525 closes and the inflow valve 520 opens. As such, the pressure in the piston void 199 increases until the force exerted on the piston plate 182 overcomes the closing pressure of the valve (not shown) at which point the valve opens. As previously described, pressure in the compressed gas containers 150a,b,c,d,e,f is much greater than necessary to open the valve (not shown). As such, when the proximity sensor 355 recognizes that the piston plate 182 has moved to open the valve (not shown), the inflow valve 520 closes. This feature helps preserve compressed gas in the compressed gas containers 150a,b,c,d,e,f because it may not be necessary for the pressure to equalize fully from the compressed gas containers 150a,b,c,d,e,f to the piston void 199 in order to open the valve (not shown). Preserving compressed gas allows more flushing cycles to occur without refilling the compressed gas containers 150a,b,c,d,e,f.
Once water flushes into the flushable hydrant 100, the pressure inside the upper barrel 118 equalizes with the system pressure. Thus, water in the system provides no closing pressure on the valve (not shown). Instead, closing pressure on the valve (not shown) is provided by the biasing element 146, which becomes compressed due to the force on the piston plate 182.
When it is desired to close the valve (not shown), the outflow valve 525 is opened while the inflow valve 520 remains closed. The exhaust line 535 vents to outside air. Without closed pressure in the piston void 199, compressed gas is allowed to flow through an exhaust line 535 that is connected to the outflow valve 525. The pressure in the piston void 199 is released, thereby relieving the downward force on the piston plate 182. The release of the downward force allows the biasing element 146 to lift the stem 110 and, thereby, to close the valve (not shown).
An exploded view of the flushable hydrant 100 is seen in
An electrical schematic can be seen in
In the current embodiment, each of the inflow valve 520 and the outflow valve 525 are operational as electrical latching solenoids, although various types of pressure regulation mechanisms may be present in various embodiments. Each of the inflow valve 520 and the outflow valve 525 are normally closed in the current embodiment.
A first isolator 810 and second isolator 820 provide circuit isolation depending on the direction of current into the system. When current flows in one direction, one circuit is activated; when current flows in the opposite direction, another circuit is activated. As such, the electrical configuration of the current embodiment does not operate both the inflow valve 520 and the outflow valve 525 at the same time, although one of skill in the art would understand that a simple modification would allow such a configuration.
A switch 830 is controlled by the first isolator 810. Switches 830,840 are electrical switches in the current embodiment, such as transistors. Various embodiments may include variations of switches, including both electrical and mechanical switches. When it is desired to open the inflow valve 520, current flows through the first isolator 810 and closes the switch 830, allowing current to flow across the switch 830. The current is allowed to flow through the proximity sensor 335 when the proximity sensor 335 is not activated. In other words, the proximity sensor 335 is normally shorted. The flowing current activates the inflow valve 520, causing it to open, as described above. The first isolator 810 receives a feedback from the circuit to remain on so long as the proximity sensor 335 is shorted. This action provides the electrical latching of the solenoid in the inflow valve 520.
As described above, the opening of the inflow valve 520 causes the piston plate 182 to travel in front of the proximity sensor 335. When this occurs, the proximity sensor 335 is activated and provides an open in the circuitry. The feedback to the first isolator 810 is cut, and the switch 830 opens, deactivating the inflow valve 520 and retuning the solenoid in the inflow valve 520 to its normally closed position.
When it is desired to open the outflow valve 525, current flows the opposite direction and activates the second isolator 820, thereby closing a switch 840 and allowing current to flow to the outflow valve 525. Because no proximity sensor is used with the outflow valve 525, the system simply opens the outflow valve 525 for a preset duration using an RC (resistor-capacitor) configuration. In the current embodiment, the duration that the outflow valve 525 is opened is a few seconds, although various time durations may be used in various embodiments. Once the timing of the RC current has expired, the switch 840 opens, stopping current flow to the outflow valve 525. When power to the solenoid of the outflow valve 525 is stopped, the outflow valve 525 returns to its normally closed position. Various electronic circuitry that is shown but not described would be understood by one of skill in the art.
It should be emphasized that the embodiments described herein are merely possible examples of implementations, merely set forth for a clear understanding of the principles of the present disclosure. Many variations and modifications may be made to the described embodiment(s) without departing substantially from the spirit and principles of the present disclosure. For example, compressed gas is but one method of actuation among many, including hydraulic, electromechanical, and gravitational, among others. Further, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover any and all combinations and sub-combinations of all elements, features, and aspects discussed above. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of the present disclosure, and all possible claims to individual aspects or combinations of elements or steps are intended to be supported by the present disclosure.
One should note that conditional language, such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” or “may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while alternative embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and/or steps. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and/or steps are in any way required for one or more particular embodiments or that one or more particular embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features, elements and/or steps are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment.
Various implementations described in the present disclosure may include additional systems, methods, features, and advantages, which may not necessarily be expressly disclosed herein but will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. It is intended that all such systems, methods, features, and advantages be included within the present disclosure and protected by the accompanying claims.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application 61/595,737, filed on Feb. 7, 2012, which is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61595737 | Feb 2012 | US |
