This disclosure relates to rotating electromagnetic motors and generators.
Magnet transverse flux machines conduct magnetic flux perpendicular (transverse) to the current in the coil and can produce higher torque density than standard brushless machines with longitudinal flux. Such machines have high power density and can be used both as motors and generators. Torque increases with the number of poles at a constant stator current. Due to the high number of poles in a transverse flux machines, the frequency of electric current in stator windings is high while shaft speed is low. Such machines have a three dimensional magnetic circuit which has traditionally made fabrication and assembly of stator and rotor components difficult. Prior art methods of manufacturing the magnetic circuits require the formation of individual U-shaped magnetic circuits. For example, a U-shaped magnetic circuit may be comprised of a plurality of individual U-shaped laminations stacked together. Assembly of such machines then requires the correct placement, alignment and spacing of each U-shaped magnetic circuit. Another method known in the prior art is to construct two 3D stacks, each having one half of every magnetic circuit as a series of L-shaped protrusions. When joined together around the coil, the magnetic circuits are completed in the U-shape. This method requires the construction of a stack with a complex three-dimensional shape and requires precise rotational alignment of the stacks to properly form the magnetic circuit. The present flux machine described herein is simple to manufacture and assemble, is compact and has other novel and highly beneficial aspects. The prior art relevant to the present disclosure is included in the following table and incorporated herein by reference:
The drawings illustrate a novel electromagnetic rotating flux machine 10 having manufacturing and operational advantages with respect to the prior art. For example, flux density is relatively high, and the pole number may be increased without reducing magnetomotive force per pole, enabling higher power densities. Further advantages include a large number of poles with relatively short current pathways enabling efficiency gains due to a high torque/weight ratio, a high power/weight ratio and relatively low copper losses.
An arrangement of coils and magnets has been developed with magnetic flux directed from four or more directions coupled into coil assemblies. For instance, there may be two magnets that are oriented with poles facing for directing magnetic flux in a radial direction from opposite sides of the coils, and two additional magnets that are oriented with poles facing axially, to direct flux axially from opposite sides of the coils. Additionally, the coils may be oriented so that the windings and current within those windings flows in a plane that is perpendicular to a vector pointing in an established circumferential direction of motion of a rotor of the flux machine.
Thus, the magnets may be adjacent to different sides of the coils but and all magnetic flux circuits combine additively.
With the magnets (electromagnets or permanent magnets, or a combination of the two) mounted on independent rotors and axels as described herein, they may be operated independently at different frequencies and/or as a motor and generator independently and simultaneously. These innovations are possible given the orientation of the coils that sit in a plane that is perpendicular to the rotational axis of the machine. Rotation causes a relative motion between magnets and coils with the magnets and coils close coupled with a minimum air gap therebetween.
Embodiments of the described machine are illustrated by way of example in the figures of the accompanying drawing sheets, in which like references indicate similar elements and in which:
As exemplified in
For coaxial integration and operation all said axles except the inner most axle, can be tubular as shown in
As shown in
In the foregoing description, embodiments are described as a plurality of individual parts, and this is solely for the sake of illustration. Accordingly, it is contemplated that some additional parts may be added, some parts may be changed or omitted, and the order of the parts may be re-arranged, without leaving the sense and understanding of the apparatus as claimed.
The several embodiments described make such machines desirable in a variety of applications including: propulsion motors for land and sea vehicles, electric and hybrid electric vehicles, underwater vehicles, torpedoes, propulsion motors for electric helicopters and aircraft, elevator propulsion motors, tidal wave generators, wind generators, integrated starter/generators, diesel and natural gas gen-sets, and high frequency low speed machines.
This application is a National Phase of International Application No. PCT/US2015/041614, filed Jul. 22, 2015, which designated the U.S. and that International Application was published under PCT Article 21(2) in English, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 62/028,220, filed Jul. 23, 2014, and 62/028,235, filed Jul. 23, 2014, the contents all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
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