Patent Application
20230158418
This disclosure relates generally to sports equipment and more particularly to flying discs.
Flying discs are used for recreation and for competitive sports such as ultimate Frisbee and disc golf. For disc golf, multiple classes of discs may be used, such as putters, mid-ranges, fairway drivers, and distance drivers. Discs with different shapes and weight distributions may have substantially different flight characteristics. For example, some disc manufacturers represent flight characteristics using flight numbers for speed, glide, turn, and fade. Various shot shapes may be desirable for different throwing situations, including flex shots, hyzer flips, spike hyzers, flat-to-fade, turnovers, etc., as understood by those familiar with the sport. Certain discs may facilitate certain shot shapes at different disc speeds. Some throwers prefer certain rim depths, shapes, or widths, e.g., due to different hand sizes, grip styles, throwing forms, etc. Typically, a greater width of the disc rim (which is grasped by the thrower) results in a greater disc speed and distance when thrown.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,739,934 describes a flying disc sporting toy having a rim of varying radial width. The '934 patent states that “discs having wide rims fly farthest” but that “if the rim is too wide, the thrower encounters difficulty maintaining a secure grip on the rim up to the desired instant of release.” The '934 patent provides “both the long flight benefits of a wide rim and a narrower rim region for a secure grip.”
Other discs with interesting shapes include The Wheel (wide flat middle rim) and the Turbo Putt (wavy rim and spiral on underside of flight plate) by Quest AT discs and the Velocity (dimpled flight plate) by Ching, and the Aerobie flying ring.
As discussed in detail below, a disc may have one or more grip sectors with substantially different characteristics than typical for a disc with the same flight characteristics. This may allow a comfortable grip while maintaining desired flight characteristics (that may be different than typical for that grip shape). Further, non-grip regions may be shaped differently than traditional rims, e.g., with more aero-dynamic shapes that do not have rim walls for gripping but provide desirable flight characteristics.
Further, a disclosed set of discs may have grip sectors with the same feel (e.g., rim width, shape, etc.) but substantially different non-grip sectors for different discs in the set. As one example, a mid-range, fairway driver, and distance driver may all have the same grip sector width and shape, but the non-grip sectors may provide the different disc speeds. This may provide throwers with a consistent grip shape and release while still maintaining the flight shape and speed variation of a traditional bag that includes various disc classes.
As one non-limiting example, a mid-range, fairway driver, and distance driver may have the same grip region width but other sectors may have a wider rim for the distance driver and a narrower rim for the mid-range, relative to the grip region. This may allow also a user to purchase such a set of discs from a manufacturer and use the same grip to throw discs with substantially different flight characteristics. This may improve athlete consistency and performance and may improve brand loyalty for a disc producer or a set of coordinating producers that may label certain discs as belonging to certain discs sets with similar grip characteristics. Further, different sets may be produced with different grip region widths, e.g., for users with different hand sizes.
Disclosed discs may have two or more grip sectors to increase rotational symmetry and provide fairly even weight distribution. In some embodiments, a flying disc includes one or more sectors (which may be circular sectors) in which the radial width of the disc rim, cross-sectional shape of the disc rim, material of the disc rim, height of the disc rim, etc. is different than other sectors of the disc. Sectors of the rim intended to be used by throwers to grip the disc may be referred to herein as grip regions, grip zones, grip sectors, grip portions, etc.
In some embodiments, discs have substantially the same cross-sectional weight in any direction, e.g., by using different materials in portions of the disc or rim with different rim widths or using different shapes for different portions of the bottom of the rim. In some embodiments, one or more techniques are used to reduce weight differences in different cross-sections of a disc, increase rotational symmetry, or both.
Overview of Grip Sectors with Different Rim Widths or Shapes than Non-Grip Sectors
Note that the inner surface of the rim may include an inner rim wall for gripping but may have other shapes in non-grip sectors, to increase or decrease aerodynamics, increase or decrease speed, increase or decrease stability, etc. (relative to traditional discs with rims shaped like the grip sectors). Athletes may use their fingers to grip the inner wall (e.g., in a power grip with the thumb on the flight plate and four fingers in contact with the inner wall) when throwing. Other grips such as fan grips may also have parts of the fingers in contact with the bottom of the rim or bottom of the flight plate.
In the illustrated embodiment, the rim has multiple radial widths, defined by inner surfaces at different distances from the center of the flight plate. In particular, grip regions 110A and 110B, in this example, have a narrower rim width than regions 120A and 120B.
As shown, various different shapes of transitions from grip regions to other regions are contemplated. In the illustrated example, transition 130 is substantially parallel to a radius of the disc while transition 140 circle is a more gradual transition that may provide reduced drag relative to transition 130. Other contemplated transition shapes include s-shaped transitions and continuously variable transitions, for example. Further, the transition region on one side of a grip region may have a different shape than the transition region on the other side, which may result in different flights depending on the direction of spin when thrown.
In some embodiments, the inner wall of the grip region may have the same depth as the inner surface of other regions. In other embodiments, the inner wall may have different depths and the transition regions may transition between depths as well as radial widths. Note that the grip region may not have a uniform width across the entire region to be gripped, but its average rim width may be substantially different than the average rim width of other regions. For example, the grip region rim width may be between a first value and a second value that is greater than the first value and the non-grip region rim width may be (A) between the second value and a third value that is greater than the second value or (B) between the first value and a fourth value that is smaller than the first value.
The nominal equal grip widths may allow a user to comfortably use all three illustrated discs with a similar throwing form and release, even though the discs may have substantially different properties. For example, the greater rim width of the distance driver 250 may allow it to fly further when imparted with a similar forward velocity and spin rate as a throw of mid-range 210. Further, the different discs may fade or turn differently based on rim width or other factors such as rim shape, parting line height, material, etc. Note that the actual widths may vary slightly from the nominal widths, e.g., due to manufacturing tolerances, non-uniform size changes during disc cooling, etc.
Speaking generally, the average rim width for distance drivers may be around 2.1 centimeters, around 1.7 cm for fairway drivers, around 1.3 cm for mid-range discs, and around 1 cm for putt and approach discs. In some embodiments, the width of the non-grip region of a mid-range is between 1.1 and 1.5 cm. In some embodiments, the width of the non-grip region of a fairway driver is between 1.5 and 1.9 cm. In some embodiments, the width of the non-grip region of a distance driver is between 1.9 and 2.5 cm. In some embodiments, the nominal width of the grip region for a set of discs is between 1.1 and 2.1 centimeters. In some embodiments, the nominal grip region width for a set of discs is between 1.5 and 2 centimeters, which may be a preferred width for comfort for many players. Therefore, example grip region widths include, without limitation: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.55, 1.6, 1.65, 1.675, 1.7, 1.725, 1.75, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.1, etc. (all in cm).
While three discs are shown for purposes of illustration, a set of discs with the same grip width may include any appropriate number of discs with different rim widths in non-grip regions. For example, a set may include multiple mid-ranges, putters, fairway drivers, or any combination thereof with wider grip regions than non-grip regions. Similarly, a set may include multiple fairway drivers, distance drivers, etc. with narrower grip regions than non-grip regions. Further, the disclosed types of discs are included for purposes of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In other embodiments, various sets of discs with different non-grip rim widths but the same nominal grip rim width are contemplated.
As shown, the rim walls and bottom of the flight plate 312 define a cavity beneath the bottom surface of the flight plate for the mid-rage. A similar cavity is defined for the driver.
While all the illustrated sectors of
The edge 408 of the flat transition section 402, in the illustrated example, in conjunction with the non-grip sector inner rim surface, forms a circular inner flight plate and consistent rim width while allowing different grip and non-grip wing widths. Note that
The inner rim wall surface 406 of a grip sector may be gripped by the thrower while the non-grip sector may have other desired flight characteristics without needing an inner wall for gripping. The flat transition section may be relatively short (e.g., 0.5 to 2 mm thicker than the flight plate, in some embodiments).
The illustrated disc may be more aerodynamic and have a greater speed rating than a disc in which the whole rim was shaped like the grip section. Further, the illustrated disc may be included in a set of discs with the same grip sector shape (and thus similar feel in the hand), but different non-grip sector shapes. For example, other discs in the set may have different shapes of curving or angling away from the flight plate in the non-grip sectors. As another example, other discs in the set may have different non-grip sector rim widths. As another example, different discs may have different thickness in the flat transition section. Therefore, a set of discs with the same grip sector may include discs with dramatically different flight characteristics. The set of discs may also include a more traditional disc, e.g., in which the entire rim is shaped like the grip sector of the illustrated disc.
In embodiments in which another disc in the set has a different non-grip sector rim width, the wall of the grip sector, wing of the grip sector, or both may remain the same on the other disc, but the flat transition section of the other disc may be wider or narrower flat transition section to maintain a circular flight plate in conjunction with the non-grip sector.
In some embodiments, the non-grip sectors include inner rim non-grip surface that angles or curves away from the flight plate. This may occur immediately or within some distance from the flight plate. For example, the G1R1, discussed below with reference to 6B, angles away immediately while in other embodiments the surface may angle or curve away within 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, or any appropriate distance as measured in a direction perpendicular to the flight plate. In contrast, the inner rim grip wall may be substantially perpendicular to the flight plate (or a plane corresponding to the perimeter of the flight plate if the flight plate is domed) for at least 7 mm, and typically about 10 to 12 cm to provide room for fingers to grip the rim.
In some embodiments, different ends of a grip sector or non-grip sector are shaped differently. For example, the transition region on one side may be shaped differently than the transition region on the other side. This may have the result that the discs flies differently depending on the direction of spin (e.g., differently for a right-hand backhand than a right-hand forehand throw). For example, referring to discs such as
As used herein, the term “shape” in the context of a portion of the rim refers to the shape of a cross-section of the rim, e.g., as shown in
In some embodiments, across a set of discs, the grip region has the same wing shape while other rim regions may have different shapes on different discs. This may allow the grip regions for the set of discs to feel similar, in addition to having the same grip width while also allowing the discs to have substantially different flight characteristics.
For drivers, for example, discs with the same grip sector shape may have different non-grip wing shapes, e.g., with different parting line heights, convex, flat, or concave under-wing portions, etc.
Example Discs with Different Materials
All of the discs in
Discs 810, 820, and 830, in the illustrated example, have a portion shown in solid that is less dense than the outlined portion of the disc. For disc 810, the less dense portion is gripped by the user and also extends within the rim (in other embodiments, the less dense portion may only correspond to the difference in width between the grip region and non-grip regions, but this configuration may not be able to entirely balance the weights of the different regions while the illustrated example may).
For disc 820, the less dense material is embedded within the grip region and is not gripped by the user. In this embodiment, the less dense material may or may not be visible on the outside of the disc.
For disc 830, the less dense material is included around the entire rim (e.g., in a bonded fashion similar to discs such as various MVP Disc Sports discs or the Innova Nova disc). As shown, the outer material has a greater width in the grip region in this example. Note that a lighter outer rim may reduce the gyroscopic effect of disc spin but may also be easier for newer players to throw because it may spin faster when thrown with a given amount of power.
Discs 910 and 920, in the illustrated example, have a portion shown in solid that is denser than the outlined portion of the disc. For disc 910, the denser portion is wider in the grip region, similar to the discussion above with reference to disc 830. The denser outer rim may also increase gyroscopic effects of disc spin.
For disc 920, the denser material is embedded within the grip region. In other embodiments (not shown) the denser material may be gripped by the user and may or may not be visible on the outside of the disc.
The disclosed shapes of inserts of material are included for purposes of illustration, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure; various other insert or injected shapes are contemplated. In other embodiments, entire sectors of the disc corresponding to grip or non-grip regions may be formed of different materials to reduce weight differences. Further, various disclosed techniques may be combined. As one example, different wing shapes for grip and non-grip regions may be combined with different distributions of materials with different densities.
In some embodiments, one or more additional components may be included in a disc and configured, in conjunction with the grip regions, to evenly distribute weight. For example, a disc may include one or more electronic components which may be more or less dense than the disc material. In these embodiments, the electronics and the grip zones may be synergistically balanced to evenly distribute weight. Thus, a denser electronic component may be placed in a sector of the disc with a narrower rim width or vice versa. Examples of electronic components include sensors such as accelerometers or pressure sensors configured to measure the acceleration (linear, angular, or both), velocity (linear, angular, or both), nose angle, flight time, etc. of a thrown disc. The electronics may communicate this data via an embedded screen, via wireless communications, via a communications cable plugged into a charging port, etc. As another example, an audio output or light emitting device or a wireless communication module may facilitate finding lost discs. These output devices may be triggered based on various criteria, e.g., if a disc does not move for a threshold amount of time after being thrown or based on wireless communications with a device such as a cell phone running an application that the user uses to communicate with electronics in the disc. As another example, an output device may activate if a disc is determined to be in the water (e.g., based on an electrical connection being formed by the water between two electrodes exposed on the outside of a disc). As another example, an output device may activate each time a disc is thrown, e.g., being energized by the throw of the disc. For example, energy from the spin of a thrown disc may wind a spring, and unwinding of the spring when the disc is at rest may be used to output an audible signal until the energy has dissipated. Various disclosed techniques for providing rotational symmetry and even weight distribution may be used independently of the grip zone concepts discussed herein, e.g., to compensate for the weight of electronics or other components.
Note that electrodes may be plastic conductors, in some embodiments, e.g., to comply with regulations that state that metal may not be exposed on the outside of a disc. In other embodiments, the electrodes may be metal. In some embodiments, a battery for any electronic components may be charged wirelessly or the disc may include an external charging port. In some embodiments the battery may be charged by mechanical energy imparted to the disc, e.g., vibration, rotation, etc.
In some embodiments, disclosed discs may meet all of the conditions set forth by the PDGA technical standards for discs used in play (e.g., in the Jan. 20, 2021 revision of the Manufacturer Guidelines for Obtaining PDGA Approval of Golf Discs and Targets). Other embodiments of disclosed discs may not meet one or more of these standards at the time of filing this application (although the standards may change over time).
In some embodiments, a disc includes three or more different rim widths, e.g., to provide grip regions with different widths. As one example, a disc may include four grip regions, two of which have a first width and two of which have a second, different width. This may allow a disc (or set of discs with matching grip regions) to be used by players with different preferences or hand sizes, for example. In some embodiments, a given manufacturer may offer multiple disc lines with different nominal grip widths for users with different preferences.
In some embodiments similar to
In some embodiments, a disc may have grip regions with multiple different widths, effective rim heights, or both. For example, for a disc with four grip regions, two of the regions may be relatively wider and two relatively narrower. The pairs of regions with the same width may be positioned opposite each other to improve balance. Similarly, for discs such as that shown in
Disclosed techniques with multiple styles of grip regions may allow a given disc to fit into multiple sets of discs that have at least one of the same grip region width/depth. Further, this may allow a given disc to be comfortable for users with different hand sizes. In some embodiments, the disc includes markings (e.g., a stamp) on the top, bottom, or both of the disc to indicate which grip regions are which width. In some embodiments, similar information may be incorporated into the disc itself, e.g., by including raised or recessed markings in the mold.
Disclosed discs may be manufactured using any of various techniques. For example, molds corresponding to the disclosed disc shapes may be used with injection molding techniques to create disclosed discs. In other embodiments, disclosed discs may be 3D printed using various materials. In various embodiments, a computer-readable medium may store information specifying designs of disclosed discs. This information (e.g., a CAD file such as DWG or MODEL files, 3D printer files such as STL files or OBJ file, etc.) may program a manufacturing system to print discs according to the design or to construct molds used to construct discs according to the design. In some embodiments, a method includes manufacturing a discs or set of discs having disclosed properties.
For discs with concave portions (e.g., the disc of
Disclosed discs may exhibit various orders of rotational symmetry, including 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 for example.
1. A flying disc, comprising:
a central flight plate having top and bottom surfaces;
an outer annular rim surrounding the flight plate and defined by an outer perimeter of the disc and a wall extending from the bottom surface of the flight plate to create a cavity beneath the bottom surface of the flight plate;
wherein the outer rim includes:
three or more grip sectors having a first average rim width; and
three or more non-grip sectors having a second, different average rim width.
2. The flying disc of embodiment 1, wherein the one or more of the grip sectors have a different rim shape than one or more of the non-grip sectors.
3. The flying disc of embodiment 2, wherein the wall of one or more grip sectors is substantially perpendicular to the central flight plate and the wall of one or more non-grip sectors is angled at least 20 degrees from parallel with the central flight plate.
4. The flying disc of embodiment 1, wherein the second average rim width is at least 1.2 times greater than the first average rim width.
5. The flying disc of embodiment 1, wherein the first average rim width is at least 1.2 times greater than the second average rim width.
6. The flying disc of embodiment 1, wherein a weight of the given grip sector is within 5 percent of the weight of a given non-grip sector.
7. The flying disc of embodiment 6, wherein one at least one grip sector includes an electronic device and at least one non-grip sector does not include an electronic device.
8. The flying disc of embodiment 6, wherein one at least one non-grip sector includes an electronic device and at least one grip sector does not include an electronic device.
9. The flying disc of embodiment 1, wherein a portion of the rim between first and second radial distances from a center of the flight plate is has a different average rim depth for the first sector than for the second sector.
10. The flying disc of embodiment 1, wherein the flying disc has at least order 3 rotational symmetry.
11. The flying disc of embodiment 1, wherein the grip sectors have different central angles than the non-grip sectors.
12. The flying disc of embodiment 1, wherein the grip sectors include a material having a density that is different than any materials of the non-grip sectors.
13. The flying disc of embodiment 1, wherein the grip sectors and non-grip sectors have different average densities of material.
14. A flying disc, comprising:
a central flight plate having top and bottom surfaces;
an outer annular rim surrounding the flight plate and defined by an outer perimeter of the disc and a wall extending from the bottom surface of the flight plate to create a cavity beneath the bottom surface of the flight plate;
wherein the outer rim includes:
a first sector having a first width property under which the radial width of the rim is between a first radial width and 1.2 times the first radial width, inclusive; and
a second sector having a second width property under which the radial width of the rim has at least a second radial width;
wherein the second radial width is at least 1.2 times the first radial width.
1.1. A set of discs, comprising:
a first flying disc having a first sector with a first nominal average rim width and a second sector with a second, greater average rim width; and
a second flying disc having a third sector with the first nominal average rim width and a fourth sector with a third, smaller average rim width.
1.2. The set of discs of embodiment 1.1, further comprising a third flying discs having a sector with the first nominal average rim width and another sector with an average rim width that is greater than the second rim width.
1.3. The set of discs of embodiment 1.2, further comprising a fourth flying disc having a sector with the first nominal average rim width and another sector with a rim width that is smaller than the third rim width.
1.4. The set of discs of embodiment 1.1, wherein at least one of the discs has a mid-range beveled rim and at least one of the discs has a long-range driver rim.
1.5. The set of discs of embodiment 1.1, further comprising a third flying disc having a nominal rim width for its entire rim that corresponds to the first nominal average rim width.
1.6. The set of discs of embodiment 1.1, wherein the first sector has a different average density than the third sector.
1.7. The set of discs of embodiment 1.1, wherein the second sector has a different average density than the fourth sector.
1.8. The set of discs of embodiment 1.1, wherein each disc in the set of discs has at least three grip sectors having the first nominal average rim width and at least three non-grip sectors.
1.9. The set of discs of embodiment 1.1, wherein at least one of the discs includes a material having a density that is different than any of the materials included in at least one other disc in the set of discs.
1.10. The set of discs of embodiment 1.1, wherein the first flying disc includes a thicker flight plate portion such that the first flying disc and the second flying disc have the same nominal rim wall height in the first sector and the third sector, wherein the height of a cavity under the center of a flight plate of the first disc is greater than a height of a cavity under the center of a flight plate of the second disc.
A method for manufacturing a flying disc or set of flying discs of any of the previous embodiments using a mold having a corresponding shape.
A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon design information that specifies a design of a disc or set of discs of any of the previous claims, wherein the design information is a format recognized by a 3D printing system that is programmable by the design information to produce the disc or set of discs according to the design.
The present disclosure includes references to “an “embodiment” or groups of “embodiments” (e.g., “some embodiments” or “various embodiments”). Embodiments are different implementations or instances of the disclosed concepts. References to “an embodiment,” “one embodiment,” “a particular embodiment,” and the like do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. A large number of possible embodiments are contemplated, including those specifically disclosed, as well as modifications or alternatives that fall within the spirit or scope of the disclosure.
This disclosure may discuss potential advantages that may arise from the disclosed embodiments. Not all implementations of these embodiments will necessarily manifest any or all of the potential advantages. Whether an advantage is realized for a particular implementation depends on many factors, some of which are outside the scope of this disclosure. In fact, there are a number of reasons why an implementation that falls within the scope of the claims might not exhibit some or all of any disclosed advantages. For example, a particular implementation might include other equipment outside the scope of the disclosure that, in conjunction with one of the disclosed embodiments, negates or diminishes one or more the disclosed advantages. Furthermore, suboptimal design execution of a particular implementation (e.g., implementation techniques or tools) could also negate or diminish disclosed advantages. Even assuming a skilled implementation, realization of advantages may still depend upon other factors such as the environmental circumstances in which the implementation is deployed. For example, inputs supplied to a particular implementation may prevent one or more problems addressed in this disclosure from arising on a particular occasion, with the result that the benefit of its solution may not be realized. Given the existence of possible factors external to this disclosure, it is expressly intended that any potential advantages described herein are not to be construed as claim limitations that must be met to demonstrate infringement. Rather, identification of such potential advantages is intended to illustrate the type(s) of improvement available to designers having the benefit of this disclosure. That such advantages are described permissively (e.g., stating that a particular advantage “may arise”) is not intended to convey doubt about whether such advantages can in fact be realized, but rather to recognize the technical reality that realization of such advantages often depends on additional factors.
Unless stated otherwise, embodiments are non-limiting. That is, the disclosed embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of claims that are drafted based on this disclosure, even where only a single example is described with respect to a particular feature. The disclosed embodiments are intended to be illustrative rather than restrictive, absent any statements in the disclosure to the contrary. The application is thus intended to permit claims covering disclosed embodiments, as well as such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents that would be apparent to a person skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
For example, features in this application may be combined in any suitable manner. Accordingly, new claims may be formulated during prosecution of this application (or an application claiming priority thereto) to any such combination of features. In particular, with reference to the appended claims, features from dependent claims may be combined with those of other dependent claims where appropriate, including claims that depend from other independent claims. Similarly, features from respective independent claims may be combined where appropriate.
Accordingly, while the appended dependent claims may be drafted such that each depends on a single other claim, additional dependencies are also contemplated. Any combinations of features in the dependent that are consistent with this disclosure are contemplated and may be claimed in this or another application. In short, combinations are not limited to those specifically enumerated in the appended claims.
Where appropriate, it is also contemplated that claims drafted in one format or statutory type (e.g., apparatus) are intended to support corresponding claims of another format or statutory type (e.g., method).
Because this disclosure is a legal document, various terms and phrases may be subject to administrative and judicial interpretation. Public notice is hereby given that the following paragraphs, as well as definitions provided throughout the disclosure, are to be used in determining how to interpret claims that are drafted based on this disclosure.
References to a singular form of an item (i.e., a noun or noun phrase preceded by “a,” “an,” or “the”) are, unless context clearly dictates otherwise, intended to mean “one or more.” Reference to “an item” in a claim thus does not, without accompanying context, preclude additional instances of the item. A “plurality” of items refers to a set of two or more of the items.
The word “may” is used herein in a permissive sense (i.e., having the potential to, being able to) and not in a mandatory sense (i.e., must).
The terms “comprising” and “including,” and forms thereof, are open-ended and mean “including, but not limited to.”
When the term “or” is used in this disclosure with respect to a list of options, it will generally be understood to be used in the inclusive sense unless the context provides otherwise. Thus, a recitation of “x or y” is equivalent to “x or y, or both,” and thus covers 1) x but not y, 2) y but not x, and 3) both x and y. On the other hand, a phrase such as “either x or y, but not both” makes clear that “or” is being used in the exclusive sense.
A recitation of “w, x, y, or z, or any combination thereof” or “at least one of . . . w, x, y, and z” is intended to cover all possibilities involving a single element up to the total number of elements in the set. For example, given the set [w, x, y, z], these phrasings cover any single element of the set (e.g., w but not x, y, or z), any two elements (e.g., w and x, but not y or z), any three elements (e.g., w, x, and y, but not z), and all four elements. The phrase “at least one of . . . w, x, y, and z” thus refers to at least one element of the set [w, x, y, z], thereby covering all possible combinations in this list of elements. This phrase is not to be interpreted to require that there is at least one instance of w, at least one instance of x, at least one instance of y, and at least one instance of z.
Various “labels” may precede nouns or noun phrases in this disclosure. Unless context provides otherwise, different labels used for a feature (e.g., “first rim portion,” “second rim portion,” “particular rim portion,” “given rim portion,” etc.) refer to different instances of the feature. Additionally, the labels “first,” “second,” and “third” when applied to a feature do not imply any type of ordering (e.g., spatial, temporal, logical, etc.), unless stated otherwise.
The phrase “based on” or is used to describe one or more factors that affect a determination. This term does not foreclose the possibility that additional factors may affect the determination. That is, a determination may be solely based on specified factors or based on the specified factors as well as other, unspecified factors. Consider the phrase “determine A based on B.” This phrase specifies that B is a factor that is used to determine A or that affects the determination of A. This phrase does not foreclose that the determination of A may also be based on some other factor, such as C. This phrase is also intended to cover an embodiment in which A is determined based solely on B. As used herein, the phrase “based on” is synonymous with the phrase “based at least in part on.”
The phrases “in response to” and “responsive to” describe one or more factors that trigger an effect. This phrase does not foreclose the possibility that additional factors may affect or otherwise trigger the effect, either jointly with the specified factors or independent from the specified factors. That is, an effect may be solely in response to those factors, or may be in response to the specified factors as well as other, unspecified factors. Consider the phrase “perform A in response to B.” This phrase specifies that B is a factor that triggers the performance of A, or that triggers a particular result for A. This phrase does not foreclose that performing A may also be in response to some other factor, such as C. This phrase also does not foreclose that performing A may be jointly in response to B and C. This phrase is also intended to cover an embodiment in which A is performed solely in response to B. As used herein, the phrase “responsive to” is synonymous with the phrase “responsive at least in part to.” Similarly, the phrase “in response to” is synonymous with the phrase “at least in part in response to.”
The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/264,404, filed Nov. 22, 2021, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63264404 | Nov 2021 | US |
