Patent Application
20190244074
The present invention relates generally to an RFID label for identifying, tracking, and/or sensing an article after manufacture, and more particularly, to foam-based RFID labels including an RFID device therein disposed between at least one foam layer and at least one layer of face material. In a particular application, the foam-based RFID label is configured to be affixed to a tire post-vulcanization and remain integral part of the tire thereafter further aiding in identifying, tracking, and/or sensing the tire.
Articles are commonly monitored during manufacture and thereafter for inventory control purposes, distribution, selling, fleet management, and maintenance. A common practice in many fields is to apply a label (e.g., a bar coded label) to an article containing an identifier or other information associated with the article (e.g., a tire) having an identifier or other information associated with the article.
Tires and a wide array of other rubber-based articles can be subjected to one or more vulcanization processes in which the tire or tire components are fused or molded together. Vulcanization modifies the rubber-based composition by forming an extensive network of crosslinks within the rubber matrix, thereby significantly increasing the strength and durability of the article. Although numerous vulcanization techniques are known, many depending on the type of curing system in the rubber composition, nearly all techniques include the application of high pressure and elevated temperatures to the “green,” i.e., non-vulcanized, rubber-based article.
Adhesive-based labels (e.g., bar coded labels) have been developed that can be applied to green rubber-based articles (e.g., tires), which can provide information related to the article pre-vulcanization and somewhat during vulcanization. However, during vulcanization, these adhesive-based labels are often degraded due to high temperatures and pressures associated with vulcanization and further suffer from “line of sight” limitations in which a bar code reader must be place directly over the bar code in order to properly read the label.
While these adhesive-based labels (bar coded labels) are satisfactory in many respects, new adhesive labels (bar coded labels) are often required to be affixed to the vulcanized article due to the degradation of the original adhesive-based label during vulcanization. In any event multiple problems exist with the currently used adhesive-based labels. For example, adhesive labels applied pre-vulcanization are not able to remain inextricably linked during the lifetime of the tire, and this problem is further observed in the newly applied adhesive labels (bar coded labels) applied post-vulcanization of the rubber article as well. Specifically, vulcanized tires and/or other vulcanized rubber-based articles are subjected to considerable stress during use. Because most conventional adhesive-based labels (bar coded label) are relatively rigid and inflexible, the constant flexing, expansion, and contraction (e.g., associated with movement, temperature, external factors such as temperature, debris, bumps, water, snow, ice, inflation pressure) of the vulcanized rubber-based articles often degrade the adhesive bond between the adhesive-based label (bar coded labels) and the vulcanized rubber-based article. Furthermore and as mentioned above, these adhesive labels suffer from “line of sight” limitations in which a bar code reader must be placed directly over the bar code in order to properly read the label
Thus, what is needed is an alternative to conventional adhesive labels (e.g., bar coded labels) that overcome the problems discussed above, and more specifically, what is needed are foam based RFID labels and methods of affixing these labels to vulcanized tires such that these foam based RFID labels remain attached to a rubber-based article post-vulcanization (e.g., vulcanized tires) while concurrently providing information about the tire during distribution, while in inventory, and/or during the tire's lifetime without the “line of sight” limitations of the currently used adhesive labels.
In one aspect, the inventive concepts disclosed herein are directed to a foam-based radio frequency identification (RFID) labels including an RFID device disposed, encased, or sandwiched between at least one layer of foam and at least one layer of face material. The RFID label can be applied on and in rubber-based articles, for example tires, during manufacture (i.e., post-vulcanization), and remains inextricably linked thereafter.
In another aspect, the inventive concepts disclosed herein are directed to a method of application of a foam-based RFID label during tire manufacture including an adaptation to a tire mold and/or post molding by milling a location in which the foam-based RFID label in applied.
In a particular aspect, an RFID device may be sandwiched between at least one or several layers of foam tape and other materials and at least one layer of face material. Suitable face materials include, but are not limited to, polyester films treated to promote adhesion to the other layers. In certain aspects, the face layer thickness serves to provide an appropriate level of rigidity to the label without compromising overall performance. The face material can be printed on and/or colored for identification and branding.
In yet another aspect, foam and adhesive materials may include, but are not limited to, foam tapes such as 3M VHB Tape 4941 P and Avery Dennison Hotmelt adhesive TS8000, Acrylic adhesive S3100, and Hybrid adhesive S8049.
In yet another aspect, the foam-based RFID label is disposed within a recess in the tire such that the face of the label is flush with the tire surface.
In yet another aspect, a flexible curable fluid can be applied to the space between the foam-based RFID label and the tire to further attached the label to the tire and prevent separation therefrom.
In yet another aspect, with appropriate surface preparation, the foam-based RFID label can be attached to the inner wall of a tire and thereby not be visually detectable removing the potential for manual removal or destruction.
The foam-based RFID label and methods disclosed herein can be used to track production and inventory, among other purposes during the lifetime of the article.
In certain aspects, the metallic antenna is an aluminum etched, printed, wire, and/or any other RF equipped antenna and integrated circuit or microchip configured for at least electronic communication, data memory, and control logic.
Specifically disclosed are methods of installing a foam-based RFID label in or on a vulcanized tire including the steps of: (a) forming either during vulcanization or post-vulcanization a recess having a predetermined shape on an outermost or innermost surface (inner or outer sidewall) of the tire; (b) providing the foam-based RFID label configured to identify the tire and/or to sense conditions of the tire and communicate the same to an RFID reader when within a predetermined proximity of the RFID reader; and (c) affixing the foam-based RFID label within the recess of the vulcanized tire by contacting and adhering an adhesive surface of the foam-based RFID label to a surface of the recess to identify the tire and/or sense conditions of the tire, wherein: an RFID device is positioned within the RFID label and disposed between a foam layer and a face layer that are adhered to one another.
In certain aspects, the recess is formed during vulcanization by molding a predetermined shape within an outermost surface of a sidewall of the tire, the recess being defined/formed by a base, a plurality of connected sidewalls, and an opening formed opposite the base. In other aspects, the recess is formed by milling an outermost surface of the tire into a predetermined shape, the recess having a base, a plurality of connected sidewalls, and an opening formed opposite the base.
In certain aspects, the adhesive surface of the foam-based RFID label is adhered to the base of the recess and completely positioned within the recess such that the face layer of the RFID device is flush with or slightly depressed relative to other outermost surfaces of the sidewall of the tire. In certain aspects, the RFID device is flush with the other outermost surfaces of the sidewall of the tire. In certain aspects, RFID device is slightly depressed relative to other outermost surfaces of the sidewall of the tire
In certain aspects, the peripheral edges of the foam-based RFID label are spaced apart from each sidewall of the plurality of sidewalls of the recess.
In certain aspects, the method further comprises (d) applying a concealing composition over the foam based RFID label to conceal the face layer of the foam based RFID label, as well as the all portions of the RFID label, within the tire/vulcanized tire.
In certain aspects, the RFID device maintains RFID operability between 300 MHz to 3 GHz and identifies and/or senses conditions of the tire and further communicates the same to an RFID reader when within the predetermined proximity of the RFID reader.
In certain aspects, the foam-based RFID label disclose herein is affixed and/or adhered on an outer surface of the tire (e.g., a tire sidewall) without being positioned in a recess.
In certain aspects, the foam-based RFID label used in the above discussed method further includes a first adhesive layer between the face layer and foam layer that adhere the face layer and foam layer to one another and further encase the RFID device therein; a second foam layer adhered to the foam layer by a second adhesive layer disposed between the foam layers; a rubber adhesion layer coating an outer surface of the second foam layer that is opposite the second adhesive layer, the rubber adhesion layer configured to adhere and permanently affix the foam-based RFID label to the vulcanized tire; and an optional removable liner configured to be removed from the foam-based RFID label before affixing the foam-based RFID label to the vulcanized tire.
Also disclosed is a foam-based RFID label including an RFID device positioned within the foam-based RFID label and disposed between a foam layer and a face layer that are adhered to one another, the RFID device configured to identify and/or sense conditions of a vulcanized tire and further communicate the same to an RFID reader when within a predetermined proximity of the RFID reader. In certain aspects, the RFID device includes a polyester planar substrate having an antenna and IC positioned thereon or therein with the RFID device configured to maintain operability between 300 MHz to 3 GHz to identify and/or sense conditions of a vulcanized tire and further communicates the same to an RFID reader when within a predetermined proximity of the RFID reader, and the face layer formed of a polyester planar substrate that is more rigid than the polyester planar substrate of the RFID device.
In certain aspects, the foam-based RFID label further includes a first adhesive layer between the face layer and foam layer that adhere the face layer and foam layer to one another and further encase the RFID device therein; a second foam layer adhered to the foam layer by a second adhesive layer disposed between the foam layers; a rubber adhesion layer coating an outer surface of the second foam layer that is opposite the second adhesive layer, the rubber adhesion layer configured to adhere and permanently affix the foam-based RFID label to the vulcanized tire; and an optional removable liner configured to be removed from the foam-based RFID label before affixing the foam-based RFID label to the vulcanized tire.
In certain aspects, each layer of the foam-based RFID label is planar and substantially parallel to one another within the foam-based RFID label.
Also disclosed herein is a vulcanized tire including a foam-based RFID label affixed within a recess of the vulcanized tire, wherein the foam-based RFID label includes an RFID device positioned within the foam-based RFID label and disposed between a foam layer and a face layer that are adhered to one another, the RFID device configured to identify and/or sense conditions of a vulcanized tire and further communicate the same to an RFID reader when within a predetermined proximity of the RFID reader. In certain, the RFID device included in the vulcanized tire includes a polyester planar substrate having an antenna and IC positioned therein with the RFID device configured to maintain operability between 300 MHz to 3 GHz to identify and/or sense conditions of a vulcanized tire and further communicates the same to an RFID reader when within a predetermined proximity of the RFID reader, and the face layer formed of a polyester planar substrate that is more rigid than the polyester planar substrate of the RFID device. In certain aspects, the foam-based RFID label included in the vulcanized tire further includes a first adhesive layer between the face layer and foam layer that adhere the face layer and foam layer to one another and further encase the RFID device therein; a second foam layer adhered to the foam layer by a second adhesive layer disposed between the foam layers; a rubber adhesion layer coating an outer surface of the second foam layer that is opposite the second adhesive layer, the rubber adhesion layer configured to adhere and permanently affix the foam-based RFID label to the vulcanized tire; and an optional removable liner configured to be removed from the foam-based RFID label before affixing the foam-based RFID label to the vulcanized tire. In additional aspects, the vulcanized tire further includes a concealing composition applied over the foam-based RFID label that completely conceals the foam-based RFID label within the vulcanized tire.
To achieve the foregoing and other objects and advantages, in one embodiment an
Embodiments of the invention can include one or more or any combination of the above features and configurations.
Additional features, aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the invention as described herein. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description present various embodiments of the invention, and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the invention as it is claimed. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification.
These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention are better understood when the following detailed description of the invention is read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown. However, the invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the representative embodiments set forth herein. The exemplary embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be both thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention and enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make, use and practice the invention. Like reference numbers refer to like elements throughout the various drawings.
RFID labels according to the present invention enable various tire tracking solutions that include electronic identification provisions such as, for example, RFID devices incorporated in/onto a foam substrate(s)/layer(s) such that the labels are configured to withstand temperatures and stresses associated with a wide variety of tire uses.
The foam-based RFID label can be affixed to and/or incorporated on the sidewall of a wide array of tires. Depending on the type of tire, the stretch of the tire (sidewall) or the use of the tire (e.g. racing tires), the thickness of the foam substrate may vary. For example, the thicker the tire sidewall, the lesser the stress and thinner the foam substrate may be.
As will be appreciated, tires are typically used in combination with rims of a vehicle. The rubber-based tire provides support and gripping for the vehicle with a road or ground surface. The foam-based RFID label may be used with bias tires, belted bias tires, radial tires, solid tires, semi-pneumatic tires, pneumatic tires, airless tires, truck and bus tires, airplane tires, agro tires, racing tires, mining tires, etc.
In certain embodiments the foam-based RFID label can withstand conditions/stresses typically associated with the environment of the article (tire) encountered throughout its lifetime. The articles disclosed herein constantly flex, expand, contract, and/or are constantly exposed to other external factors external factors such as debris, bumps, water/rain, snow, and/or ice and can withstand these throughout the lifetime of its attachment to the tire.
As discussed further below, the foam-based RFID label generally includes at least one RFID device. The at least one RFID device generally includes an antenna for wirelessly transmitting and/or receiving RF signals and analog and/or digital electronics operatively connected thereto. The RFID device can include passive RFID devices, or active or semi-passive RFID devices including a battery or other power source. The electronics can be implemented via an integrated circuit (IC) or microchip or other suitable electronic circuit and inlay include, for example, communications electronics, data memory, control logic, etc.
The RFID device can operate in a variety of frequency ranges including, but not limited to, a low frequency (LF) range (i.e., from approximately 30 kHz to approximately 300 kHz), a high frequency (HF) range (i.e., from approximately 3 MHz to approximately 30 MHz) and an ultra-high frequency (UHF) range (i.e., from approximately 300 MHz to approximately 3 GHz). A passive device can operate in any one of the aforementioned frequency ranges. In particular, for passive devices, LF systems can operate at about 124 kHz, 125 kHz or 135 kHz, HF systems can operate at about 13.56 MHz, and UHF systems can use a band from 8601 MHz to 960 MHz. Alternately, passive device systems can use 2.45 GHz and other areas of the radio spectrum. Active RFID devices can operate at about 455 MHz, 2.45 GHz, or 5.8 GHz. Semi-passive devices can operate at a frequency of about 2.4 GHz.
The read range of the RFID device (i.e., the range at which the RFID reader can communicate with the RFID device) can be determined by the type of device (i.e., active, passive, etc). Passive LF RFID devices (also referred to as LFID or LowFID devices) can typically be read from within approximately 12 inches (0.33 meters); passive HF RFID devices (also referred to as HFID or HighFID devices) can typically be read from up to approximately 3 feet (1 meter); and passive UHF RFID devices (also referred to as UHFID devices) can typically be read from approximately 10 feet (3.05 meters) or more. One factor influencing the read range for passive RFID devices is the method used to transmit data from the device to the reader, i.e., the coupling mode between the device and the reader—which can be either inductive coupling or radiative/propagation coupling. Passive LFID devices and passive HFID devices can use inductive coupling between the device and the reader, whereas passive UHFID devices can use radiative or propagation coupling between the device and the reader.
Alternatively, in radiative or propagation coupling applications (e.g., as are conventionally used by passive UHFID devices), rather than forming an electromagnetic field between the respective antennas of the reader and device, the reader can emit electromagnetic energy that illuminates the device. In turn, the device gathers the energy from the reader via an antenna, and the device's IC or microchip uses the gathered energy to change the load on the device antenna and reflect back an altered signal, i.e., backscatter. UHFID devices can communicate data in a variety of different ways, e.g., increase the amplitude of the reflected wave sent back to the reader (i.e., amplitude shift keying), shift the reflected wave out of the phase received wave (i.e., phase shift keying), or change the frequency of the reflected wave (i.e., frequency shift keying). The reader in turn picks up the backscattered signal and converts the altered wave into data understood by the reader or adjunct computer.
The antenna employed in the RFID device can be affected by numerous factors, e.g., the intended application, the type of device (i.e., active, passive, semi-active, etc.), the desired read range, the device-to-reader coupling mode, the frequency of operation of the device, etc. For example, insomuch as passive LFID devices are normally inductively coupled with the reader, and because the voltage induced in the device antenna is proportional to the operating frequency of the device, passive LFID devices can be provisioned with a coil antenna having many turns in order to produce enough voltage to operate the device IC or microchip. Comparatively, a conventional HFID passive device can be provisioned with an antenna which is a planar spiral (e.g., with 5 to 7 turns over a credit-card-sized form factor), to provide read ranges on the order of tens of centimeters. HFID antenna coils can be less costly to produce (e.g., compared to LFID antenna coils), since they can be made using techniques relatively less expensive than wire winding, e.g., lithography or the like. UHFID passive devices can be radiatively and/or propagationally coupled with the reader antenna and consequently can employ conventional dipole-like antennas.
The foam-based RFID label of the present invention can utilize any of the aforementioned RFID devices, as well as others not specifically mentioned. In one embodiment, the RFID device is a passive or active device.
The foam-based RFID label according to the invention can be installed during tire manufacture (after vulcanization) such that the label becomes as integral, inseparable part of the tire. It should be noted that the phrases “during manufacture” and “during tire manufacture” as used herein specifically refer to any processes occurring post-vulcanization of the tire. In the event that the foam-based RFID label becomes inoperable, breaks or otherwise fails, the existing label can be removed (e.g., by milling out the old label) and inserting a new label into the existing recess of the article/vulcanized tire.
The foam-based RFID label can also be affixed to and/or incorporated within a wide array of tires. As discussed in detail below, the label can be incorporated into the sidewall to facilitate reading from alongside the tire as well as avoid damage impact damage.
The foam-based RFID label is suitable for use with other articles, including other rubber-based and non-rubber-based articles. Non-limiting examples of other rubber-based articles include suspension components, cushions, shoe soles, hoses, hockey pucks, conveyor belts, musical mouth pieces, bowling balls, rubber mats, jewelry molds, etc., and may be affixed to these articles using the installation methods further disclosed herein.
Referring to
Referring to
The foam-based RFID label 20 is preferably configured to be permanently affixed to the tire or other article. The terms “affix” or “affixed” as used herein refers to attaching, adhering or incorporating the label to or within or on an outer surface of the article. Affixed also includes embedding the label within the article such only the face layer 26 is visible on the finished article. For example, as shown in
In view of the above disclosures,
As further depicted in
As further shown in
As further shown in
The inventive concepts disclosed herein are further directed to methods of identifying a rubber-based article (e.g., tires post-vulcanization). The methods can include affixing one or more foam-based RFID labels to a rubber-based article, the label including an RFID component configured to provide a unique identifier or other information upon being read or otherwise interrogated. Once the label is affixed to the rubber-based article, the unique identifier is thus associated with that particular article. As further disclosed herein, in certain aspects, the inventive concepts further include a vulcanized tire having at least one of the disclosed foam-based RFID labels affixed thereon (e.g., within a recess of the tire sidewall or directly on top of the tire sidewall).
The article can be identified by use of an RFID reader as previously described herein. Identification of the article enables a wide array of applications to be performed such as tracking the article in a manufacturing or production system, monitoring the location of the article, performing inventory operations, etc.
The foregoing description provides embodiments of the invention by way of example only. It is envisioned that other embodiments may perform similar functions and/or achieve similar results. Any and all such equivalent embodiments and examples are within the scope of the present invention and are intended to be covered by the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62625748 | Feb 2018 | US |
