Fiber, in various forms, combinations, and densities, is commonly used in various bedding products, including, mattresses, pillows, mattress toppers, seat cushions, and similar products. Foam can also be used in bedding products and is desirable in its ability to mold to the contour of a person, while providing support and cushioning, and then return to its original shape after weight is removed.
Fiber and foam are not traditionally combined into products. For example, manufacturers of fiber products typically do not deal with foam materials, while foam product manufacturers likewise do not utilize fiber in their products.
The production of various products, including bedding products, results in scraps of materials. These scraps of materials typically go unused and are discarded. It is desirable to utilize excess scrap materials, including excess scrap foam, in a manner that improves the performance and utility of bedding products.
In various embodiments, a method of forming a foam fiber product includes distributing foam particles with fiber to produce a foam fiber mixture, and applying a fiber layer construction process to the foam fiber mixture to form a foam fiber structure comprising a plurality of pleats. The fiber layer construction process may include applying a first lapping process to the mixture to form one or more lapped layers of foam fiber materials, processing the lapped layers by a carding machine to align the fibers in a foam fiber layer, and applying a vertical lap fiber process to form the lapped layers into the pleated structure. The fiber may include low melt fiber strands and high melt fiber strands, and the method also may include applying heat to the structure at a temperature that is above a melting point of the low melt fibers and below a melting point of the high melt fibers. In this way, low melt fibers become tacky and bind the pleated structure together.
The method also may include binding the structure with one or more additional foam fiber pleated structures to form a thickened foam fiber product, and/or bonding a supporting layer to a base portion of the pleated foam fiber structure
In this way the method may create a foam fiber product that includes a sheet comprising foam particles distributed with fibers formed as a plurality of pleats extending from a top portion to a bottom portion of the sheet. The pleats may extend nearly perpendicularly from the top portion to the bottom portion.
The foam particles may include, for example, gel foam, viscoelastic foam, polyurethane foam, memory foam, slow recovery foam, ground foam, latex foam, reflex foam, continuous foam, hyper-soft resilient foam, and/or hyper-soft high airflow viscoelastic foam. The fiber may include, for example, polypropylene, rubberized fiber, rayon, nylon, polyethylene, and/or cotton. The foam fiber product may include about 20% to about 30% by volume of foam and about 70% to about 80% by volume of fiber.
For example, a bedding product may include a pleated layer structure comprising a mixture of foam and fiber strands. Optionally, the bedding product may include a non-foam-fiber layer attached to the pleated layer structure. Examples of suitable bedding products include a mattress, pillow, lumbar support, back support, gaming chair, ottoman, or a chair pad.
As used in this document, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include the plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a “gel” is a reference to one or more gels and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art, and so forth.
As used in this document, the term “about” means plus or minus 10% of the numerical value of the number with which it is being used. Therefore, about 50% means in the range of 45% to 55%.
As used in this document, the term “foam fiber” means a material formed of a mixture of foam particles and fiber strands. The term “gel-foam” means a foam comprising a gel dispersed within.
In embodiments, foam particles are distributed within fiber, and/or fibrous materials are distributed within a foam to form a foam fiber product. A foam particle refers to a piece of foam which may take the form of a sphere, a cube, a cylinder, an irregular shape or another shape. The foam particles may be portions or pieces of excess scrap foam from other processes or applications, or, in other embodiments, the foam particles may be portions or pieces of new foam. The foam may be shredded into the foam particles, and may accordingly be of varying and irregular shapes. Use of excess scrap foam into a new product (i.e., the foam fiber product) reduces the expense and inconvenience of getting rid of the scrap foam, while simultaneously creating a recycled product. A benefit of incorporating the foam particles with the fiber is that the resulting product has a resilient, memory foam-like quality that is not achieved by fiber alone, while the fiber provides structural support for the foam.
As shown in the embodiments of
The pleats 130 provide extra support and durability to the structure of the foam fiber product 100, resulting in less body impression from a person or object utilizing a product comprised of the foam fiber product 100. The density or thickness of the pleats 130 may vary depending on the composition of the foam particles 110 and the fiber 120, and the intended application or use of the foam fiber product 100. Some products may, for example, be better suited for tightly compressed pleats 130, while other products may require the pleats 130 to be spaced further apart. In general, tightly compressed pleats 130 result in a firmer structure than pleats 130 that are spread further apart from one another.
According to embodiments, the combination of the foam particles 110 and the fiber 120 may include various percentages of the materials, according to the intended application or use of the foam fiber product 100. The fiber 120 may be one or more of various natural or synthetic materials such as polyester, polypropylene, rayon, nylon, polyethylene, cotton, and any combination thereof. For example, according to an embodiment, the fiber is a mixture of about 20% to about 45%, by volume, of low melt fibers and about 55% to about 80%, by volume, of other fibers, wherein the total percentage by volume equals 100%. In another embodiment, the fiber is a mixture of about 20% to about 30%, by volume, of low melt fibers and about 70% to about 80%, by volume, of other fibers, wherein the total percentage by volume equals 100%. According to another embodiment, the foam fiber product 100 is comprised of about 20%, by volume, viscoelastic foam particles and about 80%, by volume, fiber, where the fiber is a mixture of about 20%, by volume, of low melt fibers and about 80%, by volume, of other fibers. According to yet another embodiment, the foam fiber product 100 is comprised of about 30%, by volume, viscoelastic foam particles and about 70%, by volume, fiber, where the fiber is a mixture of about 20%, by volume, of low melt fibers and about 80%, by volume, of other fibers. Low melt fibers are those that typically become tacky (e.g. sticky) or melt at lower temperatures than other fibers in the structure. According to an embodiment, the low melt fibers include a hot melt coating on the fibers that becomes tacky or melts upon exposure to heat. Melting the hot melt coating can result in a reduction in the denier for the low melt fibers. Examples of low melt polyesters may become tacky at 220 to 420° F., as compared to standard polyesters which may not begin to melt until temperatures reach 482 to 550° F. Such temperature ranges are typically below ranges likely to degrade any foam components. This is just one example; the foam fiber product 100 is not limited to such a composition, and any composition of foam particles 110 and fiber 120 may be used.
The desired fiber strands may be expelled from the fiber containing structure(s) 214 onto a conveyor 216 or other structure. A desired quantity of foam particles may be expelled from the foam containing structure(s) 212 onto the fiber. The conveyor 216 may deliver the foam and fiber to a mixing unit 210 in which the materials mixed with an auger or other mixing apparatus (not shown). A foam fiber mixture is the result of the foam particles and the fiber being combined.
The mixture may exit the mixing unit and enter a garnetting machine 215 that builds a foam fiber layer by lapping the fibers back and forth. Several layers of the foam fiber mixture may be laid down onto one another to increase the thickness.
As shown in
A pleating machine 230 receives and forms the foam fiber carded web into the pleated structure 100 described above and shown in
With further reference to
A winding mechanism 250 may be included to gather and wind the foam fiber product with pleats. If the pleated foam fiber product is heated to bind together the pleats, the pleated foam fiber product may be cooled prior to being gathered and wound by the winding mechanism 250.
Another optional component is a supporting layer introducer 260, which provides a supporting layer to be bonded to the bottom portion of the pleated foam fiber product. The material of the supporting layer may be based on the intended application or use of the foam fiber product. For example, a thin, non-woven material, such as polyester, may be used for some applications, while a thicker material may be more appropriate for other applications. The supporting layer introducer 260 may be positioned before the oven 240 as shown so that heat from the oven helps bond the foam-fiber to the supporting layer. Alternatively, the supporting layer introducer 260 may add the supporting layer after the oven 240 applies heat.
At one point during the process, the foam fiber product may be trimmed or cut into desired pieces. This may occur, for example, prior to or after application of the heat via the oven 240.
The fiber process, such as the vertical lap fiber process, may form the foam fiber carded web into the foam fiber product with pleats at a thickness of up to about 1-1.25 inches. If a thicker foam fiber product is desired, two or more separate sheets of the foam fiber product may be sealed or glued together. In an embodiment, the oven 240 may be used to bind together two or more separate sheets where the fiber 120 includes at least a portion of a low-melt fiber mixed with non-low-melt. In an alternate embodiment, a glue is used to bind together the two or more separate sheets. The glue may be any type of adhesive, such as those typically used in the upholstery industry, and may be a water-based, hot metal-based, or acetone-based adhesive depending on the composition and the intended application or use of the foam fiber product.
Alternatively, the pleating machine 230 may be omitted if a flatter product is desired, or it may be positioned after the oven 240.
At 310, foam, such as excess scrap or new foam, is obtained, and at 320, the foam is shredded to form foam particles. Steps 310 and 320 may be optional, as a manufacturer may simply obtain the foam particles.
At 330, the foam particles are mixed to be distributed with fiber. The distribution is preferably an even distribution, although some variation is likely and acceptable due to the nature of the distribution process described above. The foam particles may be, for example, one or any combination of the following: gel foam, viscoelastic foam, polyurethane foam, memory foam, slow recovery foam, ground foam, latex foam, reflex foam, continuous foam, hyper-soft resilient foam, and hyper-soft high airflow viscoelastic foam. The fiber may be strands or other structural embodiments of one or any combination of the following: polyester, polypropylene, rubberized fiber, rayon, nylon, polyethylene, and cotton. In some embodiments, the fiber strands may be of a type that includes a structure that helps hold the foam in place, such as containment filaments. The foam particles and the fiber are not limited to these materials.
At 340, a fiber layer construction process is applied to the distribution of the foam particles and the fiber. The fiber layer construction process may include a first lapping process that laps the mixture into one or more layers, a carding process to separate and align the fibers into a continuous mat, and a second lapping process such as a vertical lap fiber process that forms a pleated structure. The fiber layer construction process forms the foam fiber mixture to a material comprised of a top portion and a bottom portion with a plurality of pleats extending between the top and bottom portions. Optionally, the outer rounded edges of the pleats form the top and bottom portions.
Following the application of the fiber layer construction process, various optional steps may be introduced. For example at 350, a supporting layer may be applied to the bottom portion of the foam fiber material. The supporting layer may be applied with an adhesive or with heat, for example.
At 360, heat may be applied to bind together the pleats of the foam fiber material, to bind the supporting layer to the bottom portion of the material, and/or to bind together multiple foam fiber mats to form a thickened product. Heat may be applied after the pleating 340 and supporting layer application 350 as shown, or before either or both of those steps.
At 370, the foam fiber product 100 may be cut or trimmed into desired portions.
At 380, the foam fiber product 100 may be gathered and wound. Optionally, a coating process may apply a coating to the material, such as a waterproof coating or similar substance.
With reference to
More than two of the foam fiber layers may be joined together to create a product of a greater thickness. The thickened foam fiber product can include various layers of foam fiber materials, each with properties (e.g., compression of pleats, types of materials, density, overall thickness, etc.) that are similar or varying or a combination thereof.
The non foam-fiber layers 502, 512, 514, 522, and 532 may be memory foam layers, gel-infused memory foam layers, fiber layers, or gel layers, for example. The various configurations 500, 510, 520, and 530 may be combined to form other desired configurations. For example, the product 530 may include a gel layer as the embedded layer 532 within the foam fiber layer 100, and this may be adhered to the product 500 of
Moreover, in the various configurations 500, 510, 520, and 530, the foam fiber layer may be a thickened version including two or more layers of the foam fiber material, such as the thickened foam fiber products 400 and 410 of
The various layers of the products 500, 510, 520, and 530 may be adhered with heat or glue or by molding or lamination processes. Alternately, the various layers of the products 500, 510, 520, and 530 need not be adhered but may simply rest on one another.
Once formed, the products may be shaped and used as various bedding products. For example, the structure of
The term “foam” as used in this document means any type of air filled matrix structure including without limitation viscoelastic foams, polyurethane foam, memory foam, slow recovery foam, ground foam, latex foam, reflex foam, continuous foam, hyper-soft resilient foam, or hyper-soft high airflow viscoelastic foam such as that disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0278852, which is hereby incorporated by reference. In some embodiments, the foam may be a hyper-soft high airflow viscoelastic foam. In particular embodiments, the foam may be a polyurethane foam created from a formulation comprising an isocyanate, a surfactant, and a polyol blend comprising a vegetable oil polyol as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,700,661, which is hereby incorporated by reference. In further embodiments, the polyurethane foam may be made from a formulation comprising a polyol blend comprising a petrochemical polyol and a vegetable oil polyol, and an isocyanate blend comprising a 2, 4 toluene diisocyanate (TDI) isomer and a 2, 6 TDI isomer, wherein the ratio of petrochemical polyol to vegetable oil polyol in the polyol blend is about equal to the ratio of the 2, 4 TDI isomer to the 2, 6 TDI isomer in the isocyanate blend, as described in the '661 patent. In some embodiments, the foam may include further additives such as, without limitation, one or more activators, stabilizers, amines, colorants, dyes, pigments, chain-extending agents, surface-active agents (i.e., surfactants), fillers, and the like.
The term “gel” as used in this document means any liquid-extended polymer composition. In some aspects, the gel composition may contain a three-dimensional network of cross-linked molecular chains (gels), it or may merely behave as if it contained such a network (gelloids). Examples of gels used in aspects of the invention include, without limitation, oil-extended triblock copolymer compositions such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,485,787, U.S. Pat. No. 3,676,387, U.S. Pat. No. 3,827,999, U.S. Pat. No. 4,176,240, U.S. Pat. No. 4,259,540, U.S. Pat. No. 4,351,913, U.S. Pat. No. 4,432,607, U.S. Pat. No. 4,492,428, U.S. Pat. No. 4,497,538, U.S. Pat. No. 4,509,821, U.S. Pat. No. 4,709,982, U.S. Pat. No. 4,716,183, U.S. Pat. No. 4,833,193, U.S. Pat. No. 4,942,270, U.S. Pat. No. 5,149,736, U.S. Pat. No. 5,331,036, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,994,450; and thermoplastic elastomer gelatinous compositions such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,369,284, U.S. Pat. No. 4,618,213, U.S. Pat. No. 5,262,468, U.S. Pat. No. 5,508,334, U.S. Pat. No. 5,153,254, U.S. Pat. No. 5,334,646, U.S. Pat. No. 5,239,273, U.S. Pat. No. 5,475,890, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,336,708. Each of the patents listed above are hereby incorporated by reference. In particular embodiments, the gel comprises hydrogenated polymers comprising a plurality of covalently linked conjugated diene monomers, monoalkenylarene polymers or a mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the gel further comprises an additive. In further embodiments, the additive may be a plasticizer, a melt viscosity modifier, a tensile strength modifier, a shrinkage reducer, a plasticizer bleed modifier, a tack modifier, a foam facilitator, a flame retardant, or mixtures thereof. In an embodiment, the gel may comprise an elastomeric component comprising a triblock copolymer having the general configuration A-B-A as at least one of the elastomeric polymers, wherein A represents a crystalline polymer such as a monoalkenylarene polymer, including without limits, polystyrene and functionalized polystyrene, and B represents an elastomeric polymer such as poly(ethylene/butylene), hydrogenated poly(isoprene), hydrogenated poly(butadiene), hydrogenated poly(isoprene+butadiene), poly(ethylene/propylene), hydrogenated poly(ethylene/butylene+ethylene/propylene), or other crystalline polymers.
Embodiments include gel-foams comprising gel particles dispersed in foam. Thus, the term “foam” as used in this document includes various types of gel-foams. In further embodiments, the foam may be polyurethane foam. Polyurethane foam may be utilized by many industries such as furniture, construction, transportation, insulation, medical, and packaging and may be used as cushioning material in upholstered furnishings, mattresses, airline and automobile seating, or the like.
The term “fiber” as used in embodiments herein may be any suitable natural, recycled, or synthetic fiber for use in various padded products such as furniture and bedding products. Examples of fibers used in embodiments herein include, but are not limited to, polyester, polypropylene, rayon, nylon, polyethylene, cotton, rubberized fibers and any combination thereof.
This invention is not limited to the particular processes, compositions, or methodologies described, as these may vary. The terminology used in the description is for the purpose of describing the particular versions or embodiments only, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention which will be limited only by the appended claims. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of embodiments of the present invention, the preferred methods, devices, and materials are now described. All publications mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. Nothing in this document is to be construed as an admission that the invention is not entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention.
This patent document claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/693,520, filed Aug. 27, 2012. The disclosure of the provisional application is incorporated herein by referenced in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | |
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61693520 | Aug 2012 | US |