Patent Application
20190217959
The present invention generally relates to air filters and, more particularly, to apparatus and methods for filtering RAM air of a vehicle.
On modern commercial aircraft, the aircraft Environmental Control System (ECS) provides conditioned air and cabin pressurization for the crew, passengers and avionics. Failure of the ECS system can cause flight delay, flight cancellation and unscheduled maintenance. Data for the years 2012 to 2014 from Air China airlines show that for a fleet of one hundred twenty 737NG aircraft, due to ECS failure, the annual cost for maintenance was $3.3M and for dispatch was $1.1M. Further analysis reveals that most of the failures are due to overheating or parts wearing out in the Air Cycle Machine (ACM), which is the cooling pack of the ECS.
A typical ACM removes the heat from the aircraft bleed air by heat exchangers and RAM air. Then, the conditioned air is distributed to the cabin. Water extracted from the air is sprayed to the heat exchangers to increase efficiency. A fan is installed in the RAM air path to increase air flow.
ACM overheating is due to clogged heat exchangers (i.e., the primary and the secondary heat exchangers). In addition, dust debris peel out from the heat exchanger can damage the impeller of the fan. The fan rotates fast during ACM operation. Consequently, excessive vibration on the ACM shaft wears out the bearings and damages the ACM.
There is no specific way to know, from outside of the aircraft, whether the heat exchangers are clogged. Only during scheduled maintenance will the heat exchanger inlet inspection/clean-out panel be opened for visual inspection.
When the actuator 103 retracts, it opens (i.e., lifts) the modulation panel assembly 105 and extends (i.e., lowers) the deflector door 102 into the flow of RAM air 106. During cruise flight, the deflector door 106 is folded. The modulation panel assembly 105 is controlled by the actuator 103 to adjust the RAM air 106 flow by changing the size of the cross section of the RAM air inlet.
When aircraft flaps are deployed during takeoff, or approach/landing, or the aircraft is on ground, the actuator can open the modulation panel and extend the deflector door 102.
The purpose of the deflector door is to prevent ice, slush, rocks and other unwanted material from going into the RAM air system. However, low weight particles, Catkins, and sands can still enter the RAM air system and clog the heat exchangers.
As can be seen, there is a need for improved apparatus and methods to minimize clogging and damage to heat exchangers downstream of air inlets.
In one aspect of the present invention, a filtering assembly that receives an inlet air comprises a modulation panel subassembly; an air filter subassembly downstream of the modulation panel subassembly; wherein the air filter subassembly is configured to discharge the inlet air from the filtering assembly; and an arm subassembly configured to move the modulation panel subassembly and to move the air filter subassembly; whereby the air filter subassembly moves into and out of a flow of the inlet air.
In another aspect of the present invention, a filtering assembly that receives an inlet air comprises an air filter subassembly downstream of an inlet air side of the filtering assembly; and an arm subassembly configured to move the air filter subassembly between a folded position and an extended position.
In a further aspect of the present invention, a filtering assembly that receives an inlet air comprises a modulation panel subassembly positioned at an air inlet side of the filtering assembly; and an air filter subassembly positioned at an air outlet side of the filtering assembly; wherein the modulation panel subassembly and the air filter subassembly are configured to concurrently move with one another.
These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following drawings, description and claims.
The following detailed description is of the best currently contemplated modes of carrying out the invention. The description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, since the scope of the invention is best defined by the appended claims.
Various inventive features are described below that can each be used independently of one another or in combination with other features. However, any single inventive feature may not address any of the problems discussed above or may only address one of the problems discussed above. Further, one or more of the problems discussed above may not be fully addressed by any of the features described below.
Broadly, the present invention provides apparatus and methods of filtering inlet air, such as RAM air, that may enter downstream components that are susceptible to particulate damage, such as heat exchangers. Although the present invention is described in the context of aircraft, the present invention contemplates that it can be implemented in other vehicles and contexts.
Generally, the present invention includes a filtering assembly that has an upstream modulation panel subassembly upon which an air flow may initially impinge. An air filter subassembly is downstream of the modulation panel. An arm subassembly can move the modulation panel subassembly which, in turn, can move the air filter subassembly into and out of the air flow.
The assembly 200 may include an upstream modulation panel subassembly 205 configured and positioned at the inlet air side 200a where the inlet air 206 initially enters or impinges the assembly 200. In embodiments, the modulation panel subassembly 205 may have a first (i.e., upstream) modulation panel 205a and a second (i.e., downstream) modulation panel 205b, according to embodiments. The first and second modulation panels 205a, 205b may be configured to articulate with one another.
In embodiments, the filtering assembly 200 may further include an air filter subassembly 202 that is downstream of the modulation panel subassembly 205 and downstream of the air inlet side 200a where the inlet air 206 initially enters or impinges the assembly 200. The air filter subassembly 202 can be configured to discharge the inlet air 206 from the inlet air assembly 200 while positioned at the air outlet side 200b.
Having the air filter subassembly 202 positioned at the outlet side 200b, rather than at the inlet side 200a, enables the air filter subassembly 202 to better cover the entire cross section of the air duct 207 through which the inlet air flows.
In embodiments, the filtering assembly 200 may also include an arm subassembly 204. An actuator 203 may be upstream of the air filter subassembly 202. In embodiments, the actuator 203 may be directly connected with the arm subassembly 204. Also, the actuator 203 may be indirectly connected with the filter subassembly 202. Consequently, in embodiments, the arm subassembly 204, via the actuator 203, can actuate the modulation panel subassembly 205. Concurrently, the arm subassembly 204, via the actuator 203, can actuate the air filter subassembly 202.
Like the filtering assembly 200, the filtering assembly 300, in accordance with embodiments, may include an upstream modulation panel subassembly 305, a downstream air filter subassembly 302, an arm subassembly 304, and an actuator 303.
The actuator 303 may be positioned at a lateral side of the assembly 300. In embodiments, the actuator 303 may be pneumatically operated and directly connected to the arm subassembly 304. The actuator 303 may also be indirectly connected, via the arm subassembly 304, to the both the modulation panel subassembly 305 and the filter subassembly 302. Thereby, the actuator 303 may actuate movement of the modulation panel subassembly 305 and the air filter subassembly 302. In embodiments, the actuated movement may be concurrent.
In embodiments, the modulation panel subassembly 305 may include an upstream modulation panel 305a (adjacent the air inlet side 300a) and a downstream modulation panel 305b. In embodiments, the panels 305a, 305b can be positioned in an end-to-end relationship and be configured to articulate about a hinge 308 between the panels. When articulated, the modulation panel subassembly 305 can move between a folded position and an extended (i.e., flat) position. In
The arm subassembly 304 may include a series of rods, linkage arms, and shafts, according to embodiments. One portion (e.g., half) of the arm subassembly 304 may extend, between the air inlet side 300a and the air outlet side 300b, along one side of the modulation panel subassembly 305. Another portion (e.g., another half) of the arm subassembly 304 may extend, between the air inlet side 300a and the air outlet side 300b, along an opposite side of the modulation panel subassembly 305. In embodiments, each of the foregoing portions (e.g., halves) may be symmetrically designed.
In embodiments, the arm subassembly 304 may include an actuating arm 304a connected to the actuator 303. In the arm subassembly 304, the actuating arm 304a may be linked to a rotating shaft 304c that is supported by a pair of supports 311a, 311b, of which one or both may be affixed to an interior of an air duct 307. The rotating shaft 304c may be affixed to a pair of linkage arms 304b. In turn, a pair of supports 304e, affixed to the modulation panel subassembly 305, may support the linkage arms 304b.
The pair of linkage arms 304b may be respectively connected to, at one ends thereof, a pair of connecting rods 304f of the arm subassembly 304, in embodiments. At the other ends thereof, a rotating shaft 304d may be connected to the connecting rods 304f. A pair of supports 310a, 310b may support the shaft 304d and be affixed to the interior of the air duct 307.The connecting rods 304f may connect, via linkage arms 304g, to the air filter subassembly 302.
As noted above, arm subassembly 304 is affixed, via the supports 304e, to the modulation panel subassembly 305. In embodiments, the supports 304e may be affixed to the upstream modulation panel 305a. Thereby, when the actuator 303 moves the actuator arm 304a, and the shaft 304c rotates, the modulation panel 305a articulates about the hinge 308. In turn, the modulation panel 305b articulates about the hinge 308. In embodiments, as noted above, the articulation about the hinge 308 may move the panels 305a, 305b between a folded position and an extended position.
In embodiments, as the shaft 304c rotates, the shaft 304d may concurrently rotate. In turn, the air filter subassembly 302 may rotate about the shaft 304d. The rotation of the air filter subassembly 302 may cause it to move between a folded position and an extended position (depicted by the arrow in
It can be advantageous to have the air filter subassembly 302 rotate towards the upstream side of the filtering assembly 300 and into the folded position (
As an example, the present invention can be utilized in the following fashion:
It should be understood, of course, that the foregoing relates to exemplary embodiments of the invention and that modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
