Folded camera with optical image stabilization

Abstract

Folded digital camera comprising a lens having a lens optical axis, an image sensor and first and second optical path folding elements (OPFEs), in which the second OPFE is closest to the image sensor, wherein the lens is operative to move in a first direction substantially parallel to the lens optical axis and in a second direction substantially perpendicular to first and second optical paths, wherein the second OPFE is operative to move in the first direction, and wherein the combined motion of the lens and of the second OPFE is operative to provide focus and to compensate for tilts of the camera around the first and second directions.

Description

FIELD

Embodiments disclosed herein relate in general to digital cameras and in particular to folded digital cameras and dual folded-upright cameras incorporated in mobile electronic devices such as smartphones.

BACKGROUND

A typical digital camera includes an image sensor (or simply “sensor”) and a lens. The lens forms an image on the sensor. A lens module may include several lens elements, typically assembled in one lens barrel. Folded cameras (FCs) and double-folded cameras (DFCs) are known, see for example co-owned international patent application PCT/IB2015/056004. Folded cameras include an additional optical path folding element (OPFE) that folds the light from object to lens.

The OPFE may be for example a prism or a mirror. Double-folded cameras include a second OPFE that folds the light from the lens to the image sensor. Such camera may have focus and auto-focus capabilities. FCs with optical image stabilization (OIS) capabilities are also known.

Folded cameras with a “distributed” (or ‘split”) lens are folded cameras in which one or more of the lens elements is installed in the optical path between an imaged object and the OPFE, while other lens elements are installed in the optical path between the OPFE and the image sensor (see e.g. the Asus ZenFone Zoom).

SUMMARY

In exemplary embodiments, there are provided digital cameras comprising: a lens having a lens optical axis, an image sensor, a first OPFE for folding light arriving from an object in a first optical path to a second optical path substantially aligned with the lens optical axis, and a second OPFE for folding light from the second optical path to a third optical path toward the image sensor, wherein the third optical path is substantially parallel with the first optical path, wherein the first and third optical paths are substantially orthogonal to the second optical path, wherein the lens is operative to move in a first direction substantially parallel to the lens optical axis and in a second direction substantially perpendicular to both the first and second optical paths, wherein the second OPFE is operative to move in the first direction, and wherein the combined motion of the lens and of the second OPFE is operative to provide focus and to compensate for tilts of the camera around the first and second directions. The first and second OPFEs may be prism, mirrors, or a prism and a mirror.

In some embodiments, the lens is fixedly attached to the first OPFE to form a lens-OPFE assembly.

In some embodiments, the lens is a folded lens.

In exemplary embodiments, there are provided methods for providing focus and optical image stabilization in a folded camera module that includes a first OPFE for folding light from a first optical path with a first optical axis to a second optical path with a second optical axis perpendicular to the first optical axis, a lens module carrying a lens with a symmetry axis parallel to the second optical axis, and a second OPFE for folding light from the second optical path to a third optical path, a method comprising moving the lens in a first direction substantially parallel to the lens optical axis and in a second direction substantially perpendicular to both the first and second optical paths, and moving the second OPFE in the first direction, wherein the combined motion of the lens and of the second OPFE is operative to provide focus and to compensate for tilts of the camera around the first and second directions.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Non-limiting examples of embodiments disclosed herein are described below with reference to figures attached hereto that are listed following this paragraph. Identical structures, elements or parts that appear in more than one figure are generally labeled with a same numeral in all the figures in which they appear. The drawings and descriptions are meant to illuminate and clarify embodiments disclosed herein, and should not be considered limiting in any way. In the drawings:

FIG. 1A shows schematically a double-folded camera (DFC) in a general perspective view, according to an example of the presently disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 1B shows the DFC of FIG. 1A from a side view;

FIG. 1C shows the DFC of FIG. 1A from a top view;

FIG. 2A shows schematically a double-folded camera (DFC) in a general perspective view, according to another example of the presently disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 2B shows the DFC of FIG. 2A from a side view;

FIG. 2C shows the DFC of FIG. 2A from a top view;

FIG. 3A shows schematically a double-folded camera (DFC) in a general perspective view, according to yet another example of the presently disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 3B shows the DFC of FIG. 3A from a side view;

FIG. 3C shows the DFC of FIG. 3A from a top view;

FIG. 4 shows schematically another DFC design in a general perspective view, according to an example of the presently disclosed subject matter.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the presently disclosed subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the presently disclosed subject matter.

It is appreciated that certain features of the presently disclosed subject matter, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the presently disclosed subject matter, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination.

The term “processing unit” as disclosed herein should be broadly construed to include any kind of electronic device with data processing circuitry, which includes for example a computer processing device operatively connected to a computer memory (e.g. digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc.) capable of executing various data processing operations.

Furthermore, for the sake of clarity the term “substantially” is used herein to imply the possibility of variations in values within an acceptable range. According to one example, the term “substantially” used herein should be interpreted to imply possible variation of up to 10% over or under any specified value. According to another example, the term “substantially” used herein should be interpreted to imply possible variation of up to 5% over or under any specified value. According to a further example, the term “substantially” used herein should be interpreted to imply possible variation of up to 2.5% over or under any specified value.

FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C show respectively schematic perspective, side and top views of a DFC numbered 100 according to an example of the presently disclosed subject matter. An orthogonal X-Y-Z coordinate (“axis”) system shown applies also to all following drawings. This coordinate system is exemplary. DFC 100 includes a first OPFE 102 (here and exemplarily a prism), a lens 104, a second OPFE (here and exemplarily also a prism) 106 and an image sensor 108. In other embodiments, OPFEs 102 and 106 may be mirrors. Lens 104 has a lens optical axis 110. Lens 104 is characterized by a fixed effective focal length (EFL), as known in the art. EFL is measured in length units (micrometer (μm), millimeter (mm), or meter (m)). Optical axis 110 may also be referred to herein as “folded camera optical axis”. Light arriving from an object (not shown) in a first optical path 112 is folded by first OPFE 102 to a second optical path 114 substantially aligned with optical axis 110, passes through lens 104, is folded again by second OPFE 106 to a third optical path 116, and impinges on sensor 108 to form an image. All optical paths are marked in FIG. 1B.

In DFC 100, second OPFE 106 folds the optical path to a direction away from the object side (negative Z direction in the coordinate system given), with image sensor 108 being in the negative Z direction relative to OPFE 106. However, this is not mandatory, and the folding by OPFE 106 can be done in the opposite direction (closer to the object side). This configuration is presented in FIG. 4, showing a DFC 400 having all the elements with the same numbering and functionality as DFC 100, except that image sensor 108 is in the positive Z direction relative to OPFE 106. All the analysis above and below applies for such a case. The first and third optical paths (112 and 116) are substantially parallel. Second optical path 114 is orthogonal to the first and third optical paths (112 and 116). In the XYZ coordinate system used in all figures, the first and third optical paths (112 and 116) lie along the Z axis, while second optical path 114 lies along the X axis. The Y axis is perpendicular to the first, second and third optical paths. DFC 100 can thus capture images on image sensor 108 from objects that lie generally in planes substantially orthogonal to the first optical path. Image sensor 108 outputs an output image. The output image may be processed by an image signal processor (ISP—not shown) for demosaicing, white balance, lens shading correction, bad pixel correction and other processes known in the art of ISP design.

In DFC 100, several elements may be actuated (i.e. moved or shifted linearly). Actuation directions for lens 104 and second OPFE 106 are marked by dashed arrows in FIG. 1C (as well as in FIGS. 2C and 3C). Lens 104 may be actuated in plane XY. Shifting lens 104 in the X direction (along lens optical axis 110) may change the focus position of the system. Shifting lens 104 in the Y direction (a direction orthogonal to both lens optical axis 110 and first optical path 112) shifts the image on image sensor 108 in the Y direction. Shifting the image on the image sensor in the Y direction may be used to create OIS, which corrects for tilt of DFC 100 around the X axis (also referred to as “correction of a first tilt” of the DFC). Second OPFE 106 may be also actuated in the X direction. Shifting second OPFE 106 in the X direction creates two effects simultaneously: the first effect is to change the focus plane of the system (i.e. change the distance from the camera of a plane which is focused on the image sensor); the second effect is to shift the image on the sensor in the X direction. Shifting the image on the image sensor in the X direction may be used to create OIS to correct tilt of DFC 100 around the Y axis also referred to as “correction of a second tilt” of the DFC). In total, the actuation and movements described above provide 3 degrees of freedom (DOF) (shifting the lens in the X direction, shifting the lens in the Y direction, and shifting the second OPFE in the X direction) which may be used for three optical effects: focusing and OIS in two directions, as indicated in Table 1. To clarify, α and β in Table 1 are respectively the “first tilt” and the “second tilt” of the camera. Therefore, the three optical effects can be achieved as a linear sum of 3-movement DOF (i.e. movement in 3 DOFs) described herein.

TABLE 1
Desired optical effect      Actuation
Focus shift, A μm           Lens 104 shift X direction, A μm
Correction of a first tilt, Lens 104 shift Y direction, EFL × tan(α)
α radians
Correction of a second      OPFE 106 shift X direction, EFL × tan(β) +
tilt, β radians             Lens 104 shift X direction, EFL × tan(β)

Actuation methods for actuating a lens in two directions (i.e. X and Y in FIG. 1C) are known. Such actuation may be performed using voice coil motors (VCMs), as described for example in co-owned international patent applications PCT/IB2016/052143, PCT/IB2016/052179 and PCT/IB2017/054088. Actuation of any optical element in one direction is also known, for example as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,810,714. Other actuation methods may include use of stepper motors, shape memory alloy motors, piezo electric motors, micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) motors, etc.

FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C show respectively schematic perspective, side and top views of a DFC numbered 200 according to another example of the presently disclosed subject matter. DFC 200 includes the same elements as DFC 100, numbered with the same numerals. In DFC 200, first OPFE 102 and lens 104 are made as one (integrated) part, i.e. form a lens-prism assembly 202. Lens-prism assembly 202 may be actuated like lens 104 in DFC 100 i.e. in plane X-Y along X direction and/or along Y direction. The actuation of lens-prism assembly 202 in plane X-Y has to a good approximation (less than 1-5 percent of the effect) the same optical effect as that of the actuation of lens 104 in plane X-Y in camera 100. In DFC 200, second OPFE 106 may be shifted in the same direction and with the same optical effects as in DFC 100. Therefore, in system 200, the three optical effects can also be achieved as a linear sum of 3-movement DOF described herein.

FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C show respectively schematic perspective, side and top views of a DFC numbered 300 according to yet another example of the presently disclosed subject matter. DFC 300 is similar to DFC 200, except that lens-prism assembly 202 is replaced by a folded lens 302. Folded lens 302 is a distributed (split) folded lens in the sense defined above: it includes a plurality of lens elements and the first OPFE, wherein some of the lens elements (for example, one lens element 304) are positioned before the OPFE in first optical path 112, while one or more other lens elements are positioned after the OPFE in second optical path 114, being for example included in a barrel 306. An example of design of folded lens 302 may be seen in co-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/310,690. Folded lens 302 serves with the same optical properties of lens-prism assembly 202. Folded lens 302 may be actuated like lens 104 in DFC 100 and lens-prism assembly 202 in DFC 200, i.e. in plane X-Y along X direction and/or along Y direction. The actuation of folded lens 302 in plane X-Y has the same optical effect as the actuation of lens-prism assembly 202 in plane X-Y in DFC lens-prism assembly 202. In DFC 300, second OPFE 106 may be shifted with the same direction and same optical effects as in DFC 100. Therefore, in system 300, the three optical effects can also be achieved as a linear sum of 3-movement DOF described herein.

While this disclosure has been described in terms of certain embodiments and generally associated methods, alterations and permutations of the embodiments and methods will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The disclosure is to be understood as not limited by the specific embodiments described herein, but only by the scope of the appended claims.

Unless otherwise stated, the use of the expression “and/or” between the last two members of a list of options for selection indicates that a selection of one or more of the listed options is appropriate and may be made.

It should be understood that where the claims or specification refer to “a” or “an” element, such reference is not to be construed as there being only one of that element.

All references mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated in their entirety by reference into the specification, to the same extent as if each individual reference was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. In addition, citation or identification of any reference in this application shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to the present invention.

Claims

1. A digital camera, comprising: a) a split lens including a plurality of lens elements divided into at least one lens element along a first optical axis and one or more lens elements along a second optical axis perpendicular to the first optical axis, the split lens including a first optical path folding element (OPFE) for folding light arriving in a first optical path along the first optical axis to light propagating in a second optical path along the second optical axis;c) an image sensor; andb) a second OPFE for folding the light propagating in the second optical path to light propagating in a third optical path toward the image sensor, wherein the third optical path is parallel with the first optical path,wherein the first and third optical paths are orthogonal to the second optical path, wherein the split lens is configured to move together including all lens elements therein as a single integrated assembly in a first direction parallel to the second optical axis and in a second direction perpendicular to both the first and second optical paths, and wherein the motion of the integrated assembly is operative to provide focus and to compensate for tilt of the camera around the first direction.

2. The digital camera of claim 1, wherein the second OPFE is operative to move in the first direction to compensate for tilt of the camera around the second direction.

3. The digital camera of claim 1, wherein the second OPFE is operative to move in the first direction to provide focus.

4. The digital camera of claim 1, wherein the second OPFE and the integrated assembly are configured to move in the first direction to compensate for tilt of the camera around the second direction.

5. The digital camera of claim 1, wherein the at least one lens element along the first optical axis is a single lens element.

6. The digital camera of claim 1, wherein the at least one lens element and/or the one or more lens elements are fixedly attached to the first OPFE.

7. The digital camera of claim 1, wherein the first and/or second OPFE are prisms.

8. The digital camera of claim 2, wherein the at least one lens element and/or the one or more lens elements are fixedly attached to the first OPFE.

9. The digital camera of claim 2, wherein the first and/or second OPFE are prisms.

10. The digital camera of claim 1, wherein the motion is actuated by a voice coil motor.

11. The digital camera of claim 1, wherein the digital camera is included in a smartphone.