Patent Application
20100093571
This invention relates to lubricants and, more particularly, to food grade lubricating oils which are especially useful as compressor or vacuum pump oils for equipment utilized in the food service industry.
The equipment used in the food processing industry varies by segment with the three leading segments being meat and poultry, beverages, and dairy. While the equipment varies from segment to segment, the majority of manufacturing operations require significant amounts of compressed air. Due to the importance of ensuring and maintaining safeguards and standards of quality for food products, the food industry must comply with the rules and regulations set forth by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), originally under The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), as part of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), which holds responsibility for all programs for the inspection, grading, and standardization of meat, poultry, eggs, dairy products, fruits, and vegetables.
Under the FFDCA, specifically section 21 CFR 178.3570, lubricants which are susceptible to incidental food contact are considered indirect food additives under USDA regulations. Lubricants classified as “H1” are authorized for incidental food contact. H1 authorized lubricating oil and the term “food grade” will be used interchangeably herein and in the appended claims.
Several market factors accentuate the need for a superior food grade lubricating oil. Some manufacturers prefer to use only H1 authorized oils to avoid the possibility of noncompliance. Reducing contamination risks and inventory carrying costs associated with stocking multiple inventories of varying viscosity/FDA approval level oils also provides an economic incentive for exclusive use of H1 authorized oils. Furthermore, other firms, reliant upon company image as a marketing resource, may elect to take the conservative approach to health and safety issues and utilize only H1 authorized oils. All of these concerns are addressed by the exclusive use of H1 authorized oils.
In addition to meeting the requirements for safety set by federal regulatory agencies, the product must be an effective lubricant. Lubricating oils for food processing plants should lubricate machine parts, resist viscosity change, resist oxidation, protect against rusting and corrosion, provide wear protection, prevent foaming, and resist the formation of sludge in service. The product should also perform effectively at various lubrication regimes ranging from hydrodynamic thick film regimes to boundary thin film regimes.
The oxidation, thermal, and hydrolytic stability characteristics of lubricating oil help predict how effectively an oil will maintain its lubricating properties over time and resist sludge formation. Hydrocarbon oils are partially oxidized when contacted with oxygen at elevated temperatures for prolonged periods of time. The oxidation process produces acidic bodies within the lubricating oil which are corrosive to metals often present in food processing equipment. Many metals present in food processing equipment and in contact with both the oil and the air are effective oxidation catalysts which further increase the rate of oxidation. Oxidation products contribute to the formation of sludge which can clog valves, plug filters, and result in the overall breakdown of the viscosity characteristics of the lubricant. Under some circumstances, sludge formation can result in plugging, complete loss of oil system flow, and failure or damage to machinery.
The thermal and hydrolytic stability characteristics of lubricating oil reflect primarily on the stability of the lubricating oil additive package. The stability criteria monitor sludge formation, viscosity change, acidity change, and the corrosion tendencies of the oil. Hydrolytic stability assesses these characteristics in the presence of water. Inferior stability characteristics result in the lubricating oil losing lubricating properties over time and precipitating sludge.
In light of the problems discussed above, it is also desirable to provide an improved food grade lubricating oil. Some embodiments of the invention provide a high performance synthetic food grade lubricating oil, such as one of synthetic or mineral oil origin, which can be used for the lubrication of compressors and vacuum pumps. The lubricant composition can include a blend of alkylated aromatics, such as naphthalenes, and synthetic hydrocarbons comprised of polyalphaolefin fluids. The blend can be compounded with additives including one or more of antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, antiwear additives, metal passivators, and antifoam agents that are cleared for incidental food contact.
Before any embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details set forth in the following description. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items.
The following discussion is presented to enable a person skilled in the art to make and use embodiments of the invention. Various modifications to the embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles herein can be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from embodiments of the invention. Thus, embodiments of the invention are not intended to be limited to embodiments described, but are to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein. Skilled artisans will recognize the examples provided herein have many useful alternatives and fall within the scope of embodiments of the invention.
Some embodiments provide a high performance food grade lubricating oil, such as one of synthetic or mineral oil origin, which can be used for the lubrication of compressors and vacuum pumps where enhanced oxidative stability, improved wear protection, corrosion inhibition and varnish control are desired. The food grade lubricating oil of some embodiments can also provide superior sludge and varnish elimination, rust and corrosion protection, and foam resistance. The lubricant of some embodiments can provide an excellent balance of these performance properties.
Some embodiments provide improved synthetic lubricant fluids including various blends of polyalphaolefins and alkylated aromatics and more particularly, alkylated naphthalenes, approved for incidental food contact use, wherein the oxidation stability, additive solubility, elastomer compatibility and varnish control of PAO base stocks have been significantly improved by the inclusion of, for example, alkylated naphthalene (AN) base stocks as blending components. Specifically, in some embodiments, the lubricating oil can include base oils having a long chain alkylated aromatic, such as an alkylnaphthalene, with a synthetic hydrocarbon base fluid such as polyalphaolefin (PAO), a food grade white mineral oil and a distilled alkylated monoglyceride. The food contact authorized long chain alkylated aromatic (i.e., alkylated naphthalene) can have a viscosity greater than 25 cSt measured at 40° C. The blend can be compounded with an additive package with effective amounts of antioxidants, rust and corrosion inhibitors, metal passivators or deactivators, lubricity additives, anti-wear additives, dispersants, antifoam agents, and/or other additives that can produce a superior lubricant for compressors or vacuum pumps.
The food grade lubricating oil of some embodiments meets and exceeds all requirements necessary for incidental food contact (H1) approval as determined by the FFDCA. The lubricant of some embodiments can include an incidental food contact authorized synthetic lubricating fluid for use in compressor and vacuum pump applications that conforms to the requirements for incidental food contact as defined under 21 CFR 178.3570.
Current incidental food contact lubricants utilized in this equipment provide inferior varnish control. Some embodiments can substantially reduce or eliminate varnishing, extend lubricant drain intervals, and significantly enhance equipment life and operation. The lubricating oil can provide significant performance improvements in oxidation stability, elastomer compatibility, hydrolytic stability, improved wear protection, corrosion inhibition and varnish control. It can also provide superior protection from sludging, rust and corrosion protection, and foam resistance. In some embodiments, to achieve these objectives, the high performance food grade lubricating oil can include both synthetic and non-synthetic food grade base fluids and a sufficient amount of an additive package to impart the necessary performance characteristics to the lubricating fluid.
In some embodiments, the base oils for use in the present synthetic food grade compressor/vacuum pump lubricant can include FFDCA authorized long chain alkylated aromatics, such as alkylnaphthalenes, or alkylated naphthalenes, as defined in U.S. Pat. No. 5,602,086, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference, with synthetic hydrocarbon base fluids such as polyalphaolefins (PAO), a white mineral oil compliant with 21 CFR 178.3620 and/or 21 CFR 172.878 and a distilled, alkylated monoglyceride produced from the esterification between a triglyceride with glycerol.
The alkylated naphthalenes, PAO, white mineral oil and distilled acetylated monoglyceride can be blended to provide a base lubricant composition containing about 25 to about 75 weight percent of the alkyl naphthalenes, about 10 to about 50 weight percent of PAO, about 10 to about 50 weight percent of food grade white oil, and about 5 to about 25 weight percent of the distilled acetylated monoglycerides.
The lubricant compositions when used in compressors and vacuum pumps can be selected to have a viscosity in the range of about 15 centistokes to about 150 centistokes at about 40 degrees Celsius and a pour point in the range of 0 degrees Celsius to about minus 40 degrees Celsius.
In some embodiments, the lubricant compositions can include effective amounts of one or more of the following additives: antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators, lubricity additives, dispersants, antifoam agents, and other such additives as may be desired.
The antioxidant package for the lubricant composition can include a combination of food grade phenolic and aminic antioxidants. The class of phenolic antioxidants which can be employed include food grade, oil-soluble, sterically hindered phenols and thio-phenols. Included within the definition of phenolic and thiophenolic antioxidants are sterically hindered phenolics such as hindered phenols and bis-phenols, hindered 4,4′-thiobisphenols, hindered 4-hydroxy-and 4-thiolbenozoic acid esters and dithio esters, and hindered bis(4-hydroxy-and 4-thiolbenzoic acid and dithio acid) alkylene esters. Examples of sterically hindered phenols include 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 2,6-di-tert-amyl-p-cresol, and 2-tert-butyl-6-tert-amyl-p-cresol.
A second group of hindered phenolic antioxidants are the hindered bisphenols. Examples of these compounds include 4,4′-methylene bis(2,6-bi-tert-butylphenol), 4,4′-dimethylene bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol), 4,4′-trimethylene bis(2,2-di-tert-amyl phenol), hexamethylenebis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydro-cinnamate), tetrakis [methylene(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydro-cinnamate)] methane and 4,4′-trimethylene bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol).
Additional hindered phenolic antioxidants utilized include a group of hindered thio bis-phenols (i.e., where the sulfur connected to another phenolic group). Examples of these compounds include 4,4′-thio bis(2,6-di-sec-butyl phenol), 4,4′-thio bis(2-tert-butyl-6-isopropyl phenol), thiodiethylenebis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate), and 4,4′-thio bis(2-methyl-6-t-butyl phenol).
A fourth group of hindered phenolic antioxidants are the alkoxy phenols, Examples of these compounds include butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) and butylated hydroquinone.
Suitable food grade, oil-soluble aromatic amine antioxidants include phenyl-[alpha]-and/or phenyl-[beta]-naphthylamines, naphthyl phenyl amines, alkylated phenyl naphthyl amities, and alkylated diphenyl amines. Examples of aromatic amine antioxidants include, N-phenyl-ar-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-1-naphthalenamine, N-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, N-p-methyl-phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, N-phenylbenzenamine, reaction products with 2,4,4-trimethylpentene and the diphenylamines such as disecbutyldiphenylamine, and dioctyldiphenylamine.
The phenolic and aromatic amine combination can range in ratio by weight from about 20:1 to about 1:20, although the preferred ratio ranges from about 4:1 to about 1:1. Treat rates range from about 0.25% to about 2.0% by weight of the lubricating fluid. Oxidation stability performance is superior and fairly consistent over the preferred ratio range. Additional performance increase is made available by the utilization of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite as a secondary peroxide decomposer.
The anti-rust additive package for the lubricant composition can include a combination of food grade surface active anti-rust ingredients. Anti-rust lubricating additives which can be employed include food grade phosphoric acid, mono and dihexyl ester compounds with tetramethyl nonyl amines. Examples include phosphoric acid, mono- and diisooctyl esters, reacted with tert-alkyl and (C12-C14) primary amines and phosphoric acid, mono- and dihexyl esters compounded with tetramethylnonylamines and (C12-C14) alkyl amines.
Additional corrosion inhibition is provided by utilization of 2-(8-Heptadecenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-ethanol alone or in synergistic combination with N-Methyl-N-(1-oxo-9-octadecenyl)glycine. In some embodiments, the food grade anti-rust additives can include about 0.05% to about 2.0% by weight of the lubricating oil.
Additional performance benefits can be obtained by the addition of N,N-Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-ar-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamine, a cuprous metal deactivator, at about 0.10% by weight of the lubricating oil.
Anti-wear additives for the lubricant composition can include food grade oil-soluble sulfur and/or phosphorus containing compounds. Compounds meeting this criteria include triphenyl phosphorothionate, tri [2(or 4)-C9-10-branched alkylphenyl]phosphorothioate and phosphorothioic acid,O,O,O-triphenyl ester, tert-butyl derivatives, alone or in combination, including about 0.25% to about 0.5% by weight of the lubricating fluid.
A dimethylpolysiloxane (viscosity greater than about 300 centistokes) for use in the lubricant composition can provide antifoam performance at treat rates ranging from about 20 to about 100 parts per million (PPM).
In some embodiments, an effective amount of the foregoing additives for use in compressors or vacuum pumps is generally in the range from about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent for the antioxidants, about 0.05 to about 1.5 weight percent for the corrosion inhibitors and about 0.05 to about 0.1 weight percent for the metal deactivators. Antiwear additization can be generally in the range of about 0.25 to about 0.50 weight percent. These weight percentages are based on the total weight of the lubricating fluid. More or less of the additives can be used depending upon the circumstances for which the final compositions are to be used.
The following examples illustrate the practice of specific embodiments of the invention and comparison cases. These examples should not be interpreted as limitations of the scope of this invention.
A food grade compressor fluid was prepared in a beaker by adding:
Viscometrics of the sample were:
A food grade compressor fluid was prepared in a beaker by adding:
Viscometrics of the sample were:
A food grade compressor fluid was prepared in a beaker by adding:
Viscometrics of the sample were:
A food grade compressor fluid was prepared in a beaker by adding:
Viscometrics of the sample were:
A food grade compressor fluid was prepared in a beaker by adding:
Viscometrics of the sample were:
A food grade compressor fluid was prepared in a beaker by adding:
Viscometrics of the sample were:
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while the invention has been described above in connection with particular embodiments and examples, the invention is not necessarily so limited, and that numerous other embodiments, examples, uses, modifications and departures from the embodiments, examples and uses are intended to be encompassed by the claims attached hereto. The entire disclosure of each patent and publication cited herein is incorporated by reference, as if each such patent or publication were individually incorporated by reference herein. Various features and advantages of the invention are set forth in the following claims.
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/195,366 filed on Oct. 7, 2008, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61195366 | Oct 2008 | US |
