Patent Application
20170265568
Articles of footwear generally include two primary elements: an upper and a sole structure. The upper is often formed from a plurality of material elements (e.g., textiles, polymer sheet layers, foam layers, leather, synthetic leather) that are stitched or adhesively bonded together to form a void on the interior of the footwear for comfortably and securely receiving a foot. More particularly, the upper forms a structure that extends over instep and toe areas of the foot, along medial and lateral sides of the foot, and around a heel area of the foot. The upper may also incorporate a lacing system to adjust fit of the footwear, as well as permitting entry and removal of the foot from the void within the upper. In addition, the upper may include a tongue that extends under the lacing system to enhance adjustability and comfort of the footwear, and the upper may incorporate a heel counter.
The various material elements forming the upper impart different properties to different areas of the upper. For example, textile elements may provide breathability and may absorb moisture from the foot, foam layers may compress to impart comfort, and leather may impart durability and wear-resistance. As the number of material elements increases, the overall mass of the footwear may increase proportionally. The time and expense associated with transporting, stocking, cutting, and joining the material elements may also increase. Additionally, waste material from cutting and stitching processes may accumulate to a greater degree as the number of material elements incorporated into an upper increases. Moreover, products with a greater number of material elements may be more difficult to recycle than products formed from fewer material elements. By decreasing the number of material elements, therefore, the mass of the footwear and waste may be decreased, while increasing manufacturing efficiency and recyclability.
The sole structure is secured to a lower portion of the upper so as to be positioned between the foot and the ground. In athletic footwear, for example, the sole structure includes a midsole and an outsole. The midsole may be formed from a polymer foam material that attenuates ground reaction forces (i.e., provides cushioning) during walking, running, and other ambulatory activities. The midsole may also include fluid-filled chambers, plates, moderators, or other elements that further attenuate forces, enhance stability, or influence the motions of the foot, for example. The outsole forms a ground-contacting element of the footwear and is usually fashioned from a durable and wear-resistant rubber material that includes texturing to impart traction. The sole structure may also include a sockliner positioned within the upper and proximal a lower surface of the foot to enhance footwear comfort.
An article of footwear is described below as having an upper and a sole structure secured to the upper. The upper includes a throat area with a plurality of lateral lace-receiving elements extending along a lateral side of the upper, a plurality of medial lace-receiving elements extending along a medial side of the upper, and a forward lace-receiving element located between the lateral side and the medial side. A lace extends through the lateral lace-receiving elements, the medial lace-receiving elements, and the forward lace-receiving element. The upper also includes a tensile strand element located within a forefoot region of the footwear. The tensile strand element includes a plurality of strands that extend forward from an area proximal to the forward lace-receiving element.
In another aspect, the upper includes a first layer and a second layer that lay adjacent to each other, with the first layer and the second layer defining a tab area where the first layer and the second layer overlap to define a loop structure. A plurality of strands are located between the first layer and the second layer and substantially parallel to surfaces of the first layer and the second layer for a distance of at least five centimeters, and portions of the strands extend around the loop structure. A lace may also extend through the loop structure.
In yet another aspect, the upper includes a throat area having a plurality of lace-receiving elements that include a forward lace-receiving element positioned closer to a forward edge of the upper than other lace-receiving elements. A lace extends through at least the forward lace-receiving element. The upper also includes a tensile strand element with a first layer, a second layer, and a plurality of strands located between the first layer and the second layer. The strands lay substantially parallel to surfaces of the first layer and the second layer for a distance of at least five centimeters, and the strands extend from an area proximal to the forward lace-receiving element towards the forward edge of the footwear.
The advantages and features of novelty characterizing aspects of the invention are pointed out with particularity in the appended claims. To gain an improved understanding of the advantages and features of novelty, however, reference may be made to the following descriptive matter and accompanying figures that describe and illustrate various configurations and concepts related to the invention.
The foregoing Summary and the following Detailed Description will be better understood when read in conjunction with the accompanying figures.
The following discussion and accompanying figures disclose an article of footwear having an upper that includes tensile strand elements. The article of footwear is disclosed as having a general configuration suitable for walking or running. Concepts associated with the footwear, including the upper, may also be applied to a variety of other athletic footwear types, including baseball shoes, basketball shoes, cross-training shoes, cycling shoes, football shoes, tennis shoes, soccer shoes, and hiking boots, for example. The concepts may also be applied to footwear types that are generally considered to be non-athletic, including dress shoes, loafers, sandals, and work boots. The concepts disclosed herein apply, therefore, to a wide variety of footwear types.
General Footwear Structure
An article of footwear 10 is depicted in
Sole structure 20 is secured to upper 30 and extends between the foot and the ground when footwear 10 is worn. The primary elements of sole structure 20 are a midsole 21, an outsole 22, and an sockliner 23. Midsole 21 is secured to a lower surface of upper 30 and may be formed from a compressible polymer foam element (e.g., a polyurethane or ethylvinylacetate foam) that attenuates ground reaction forces (i.e., provides cushioning) when compressed between the foot and the ground during walking, running, or other ambulatory activities. In further configurations, midsole 21 may incorporate fluid-filled chambers, plates, moderators, or other elements that further attenuate forces, enhance stability, or influence the motions of the foot, or midsole 21 may be primarily formed from a fluid-filled chamber. Outsole 22 is secured to a lower surface of midsole 21 and may be formed from a wear-resistant rubber material that is textured to impart traction. Sockliner 23 is located within upper 30 and is positioned to extend under a lower surface of the foot. Although this configuration for sole structure 20 provides an example of a sole structure that may be used in connection with upper 30, a variety of other conventional or nonconventional configurations for sole structure 20 may also be utilized. Accordingly, the structure and features of sole structure 20 or any sole structure utilized with upper 30 may vary considerably.
Upper 30 defines a void within footwear 10 for receiving and securing a foot relative to sole structure 20. The void is shaped to accommodate the foot and extends along the lateral side of the foot, along the medial side of the foot, over the foot, around the heel, and under the foot. Access to the void is provided by an ankle opening 31 located in at least heel region 13. A throat area 32 extends forward (i.e., toward forefoot region 11) from ankle opening 31 and includes various lateral lace-receiving elements 33, medial lace-receiving elements 34, a forward lace-receiving element 35, a lace 36, and a tongue 37. Although throat area 32 is depicted as extending along and being centered on longitudinal axis 16, throat area 32 may be offset from longitudinal axis 16.
Lace-receiving elements 33-35 form structures that receive lace 36. Lateral lace-receiving elements 33 extend along throat area 32 and are located on lateral side 14. Similarly, medial lace-receiving elements 34 extend along throat area 32 and are located on medial side 15. In general, therefore, lace receiving elements 33 and 34 are located on opposite sides of longitudinal axis 16. Forward lace-receiving element 35 is located in a forward portion of throat area 32 and may be centrally-positioned so as to extend between sides 14 and 15. In some configurations, forward lace-receiving element 35 is the forward-most lace-receiving element in footwear 10 and is located closer to a forward edge 38 than other lace-receiving elements 33 and 34. Lace-receiving elements 33 and 34 are depicted as being apertures that extend through upper 30, and forward lace-receiving element 35 is depicted as having a tubular structure. In further configurations of footwear 10, each of lace-receiving elements 33-35 may be an aperture, tubular structure, D-ring, hook, or other structure that is suitable for receiving lace 36.
Lace 36 extends through the various lace-receiving elements 33-35. More particularly, lace 36 extends alternately and in a generally zigzagging (e.g., W-shaped) pattern through lateral lace-receiving elements 33 and medial lace-receiving apertures 34. Additionally, a portion of lace 36 located in the forward portion of throat area 32 extends through forward lace-receiving element 35. In general, lace 36 slides through the various lace-receiving elements 33-35 and permits a wearer of footwear 10 to modify the dimensions of upper 30, thereby accommodating the proportions of the foot. More particularly, lace 36 permits the wearer to tighten upper 30 around the foot, and lace 32 permits the wearer to loosen upper 30 to facilitate entry and removal of the foot from the void (i.e., through ankle opening 31).
Tongue 37 enhances the comfort of footwear 10 and assists with modifying the dimensions of upper 30. Within footwear 10, tongue 37 extends longitudinally through throat area 32 and is positioned below lace-receiving elements 33-35 and lace 36. As such, tongue 37 forms a portion of the void within upper 30 and contacts the foot. In some configurations, tongue 37 is secured to upper 30 in the forward portion of throat area 32. Although tongue 37 may have a variety of configurations, tongue 37 may be formed from a foam material that is surrounded by an exterior textile sheath. In some configurations tongue 37 may include a loop or other structure that receives lace 36 and assists with maintaining the position of tongue 37.
The various portions of upper 30 may be formed from one or more of a plurality of material elements (e.g., textiles, polymer sheets, foam layers, leather, synthetic leather) that are stitched or bonded together to form the void within footwear 10. Upper 30 may also incorporate a heel counter that limits heel movement in heel region 13 or a wear-resistant toe guard located in forefoot region 11. Indicia in the form of trademarks, for example, may also be secured or printed on upper 30. Although a variety of material elements or other elements may be incorporated into upper, forefoot region 11 includes a plurality of strands 41. Referring to
During walking, running, or other ambulatory activities, a foot within the void in footwear 10 may tend to stretch upper 30. Additionally, utilizing lace 36 to modify the dimensions of upper 30 may tend to stretch upper 30. That is, many of the material elements forming upper 30 may stretch when placed in tension by movements of the foot or through lacing upper 30. Although strands 41 may also stretch, strands 41 generally stretch to a lesser degree than the other material elements forming upper 30 (e.g., base layer 42 and cover layer 43). Each of strands 41 may be located, therefore, to form structural components in upper 30 that resist stretching in specific directions or reinforce locations where forces are concentrated.
As structural components, strands 41 are generally located in forefoot region 11 to resist stretch in forefoot region 11 that may arise from walking, running, or other ambulatory activities. Strands 41 also extend around forward lace-receiving element 35 and forward from forward lace-receiving element 35 to resist stretch due to tension in lace 32. Given that strands 41 also radiate outward from forward lace-receiving element 35, forces from the tension in lace 32 or from movement of the foot may be distributed over a relatively large area of upper 30. In general, therefore, the locations and orientations of strands 41 form structural components in upper 30 that resist stretch, particularly in forefoot region 11 and the portion of upper 30 located forward of throat area 32.
Tensile Strand Element
A tensile strand element 40 that may be incorporated into upper 30 is depicted in
A first portion of element 40 is depicted in each of
Base layer 42 and cover layer 43 are depicted as being coextensive with each other. That is, layers 42 and 43 may have the same shape and size, such that edges of base layer 42 correspond and are even with edges of cover layer 43. In some manufacturing processes, (a) strands 41 are located upon base layer 42, (b) cover layer 43 is bonded to base layer 42 and strands 41, and (c) element 40 is cut from this combination to have the desired shape and size, thereby forming common edges for base layer 42 and cover layer 43. In this process, ends of strands 41 may also extend to edges of layers 42 and 43. Accordingly, edges of layers 42 and 43, as well as ends of strands 41, may all be positioned at edges of element 40.
Each of base layer 42 and cover layer 43 may be formed from any generally two-dimensional material. As utilized with respect to the present invention, the term “two-dimensional material” or variants thereof is intended to encompass generally flat materials exhibiting a length and a width that are substantially greater than a thickness. Accordingly, suitable materials for base layer 42 and cover layer 43 include various textiles, polymer sheets, or combinations of textiles and polymer sheets, for example. Textiles are generally manufactured from fibers, filaments, or yarns that are, for example, either (a) produced directly from webs of fibers by bonding, fusing, or interlocking to construct non-woven fabrics and felts or (b) formed through a mechanical manipulation of yarn to produce a woven or knitted fabric. The textiles may incorporate fibers that are arranged to impart one-directional stretch or multi-directional stretch, and the textiles may include coatings that form a breathable and water-resistant barrier, for example. The polymer sheets may be extruded, rolled, or otherwise formed from a polymer material to exhibit a generally flat aspect. Two-dimensional materials may also encompass laminated or otherwise layered materials that include two or more layers of textiles, polymer sheets, or combinations of textiles and polymer sheets. In addition to textiles and polymer sheets, other two-dimensional materials may be utilized for base layer 42 and cover layer 43. Although two-dimensional materials may have smooth or generally untextured surfaces, some two-dimensional materials will exhibit textures or other surface characteristics, such as dimpling, protrusions, ribs, or various patterns, for example. Despite the presence of surface characteristics, two-dimensional materials remain generally flat and exhibit a length and a width that are substantially greater than a thickness. In some configurations, mesh materials or perforated materials may be utilized for either or both of layers 42 and 43 to impart greater breathability or air permeability.
Strands 41 may be formed from any generally one-dimensional material. As utilized with respect to the present invention, the term “one-dimensional material” or variants thereof is intended to encompass generally elongate materials exhibiting a length that is substantially greater than a width and a thickness. Accordingly, suitable materials for strands 41 include various filaments, fibers, yarns, threads, cables, or ropes that are formed from rayon, nylon, polyester, polyacrylic, silk, cotton, carbon, glass, aramids (e.g., para-aramid fibers and meta-aramid fibers), ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, liquid crystal polymer, copper, aluminum, and steel. Whereas filaments have an indefinite length and may be utilized individually as strands 41, fibers have a relatively short length and generally go through spinning or twisting processes to produce a strand of suitable length. An individual filament utilized in strands 41 may be formed form a single material (i.e., a monocomponent filament) or from multiple materials (i.e., a bicomponent filament). Similarly, different filaments may be formed from different materials. As an example, yarns utilized as strands 41 may include filaments that are each formed from a common material, may include filaments that are each formed from two or more different materials, or may include filaments that are each formed from two or more different materials. Similar concepts also apply to threads, cables, or ropes. The thickness of strands 41 may also vary significantly to range from 0.03 millimeters to more than 5 millimeters, for example. Although one-dimensional materials will often have a cross-section where width and thickness are substantially equal (e.g., a round or square cross-section), some one-dimensional materials may have a width that is greater than a thickness (e.g., a rectangular, oval, or otherwise elongate cross-section). Despite the greater width, a material may be considered one-dimensional if a length of the material is substantially greater than a width and a thickness of the material.
As examples, base layer 42 may be formed from a textile material and cover layer 43 may be formed from a polymer sheet that is bonded to the textile material, or each of layers 42 and 43 may be formed from polymer sheets that are bonded to each other. In circumstances where base layer 42 is formed from a textile material, cover layer 43 may incorporate thermoplastic polymer materials that bond with the textile material of base layer 42. That is, by heating cover layer 43, the thermoplastic polymer material of cover layer 43 may bond with the textile material of base layer 42. As an alternative, a thermoplastic polymer material may infiltrate or be bonded with the textile material of base layer 42 in order to bond with cover layer 43. That is, base layer 42 may be a combination of a textile material and a thermoplastic polymer material. An advantage of this configuration is that the thermoplastic polymer material may rigidify or otherwise stabilize the textile material of base layer 42 during the manufacturing process of element 40, including portions of the manufacturing process involving lying strands 41 upon base layer 42. This general concept is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/180,235, which was filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on 25 Jul. 2008 and entitled Composite Element With A Polymer Connecting Layer, such prior application being entirely incorporated herein by reference.
Based upon the above discussion, element 40 generally includes two layers 42 and 43 with strands 41 located between. Although strands 41 may pass through one of layers 42 and 43, strands 41 generally lay adjacent to surfaces of layers 42 and 43 and substantially parallel to the surfaces layers 42 and 43 for at least five centimeters. Whereas a variety of one dimensional materials may be used for strands 41, one or more two dimensional materials may be used for layers 42 and 43.
Forward Lace-Receiving Element
A portion of element 40 that includes forward lace-receiving element 35 is depicted in
Strands 41 extend onto tab area 44 and around forward lace-receiving element 35. As discussed above, strands 41 also extend around forward lace-receiving element 35 and forward from forward lace-receiving element 35 to resist stretch due to tension in lace 32. Given that strands 41 also radiate outward from forward lace-receiving element 35, forces from the tension in lace 32 or from movement of the foot may be distributed over a relatively large area of upper 30. By wrapping or extending strands 41 around forward lace-receiving element 35, forces from lace 32 are transferred to portions of strands 41 that extend forward from forward lace-receiving element 35. Accordingly, the configuration of forward lace-receiving element 35 interfaces with lace 32 to distribute forces over a relatively large area of upper 30.
Structural Components
A conventional upper may be formed from multiple material layers that each impart different properties to various areas of the upper. During use, an upper may experience significant tensile forces, and one or more layers of material are positioned in areas of the upper to resist the tensile forces. That is, individual layers may be incorporated into specific portions of the upper to resist tensile forces that arise during use of the footwear. As an example, a woven textile may be incorporated into an upper to impart stretch resistance in the longitudinal direction. A woven textile is formed from yarns that interweave at right angles to each other. If the woven textile is incorporated into the upper for purposes of longitudinal stretch-resistance, then only the yarns oriented in the longitudinal direction will contribute to longitudinal stretch-resistance, and the yarns oriented orthogonal to the longitudinal direction will not generally contribute to longitudinal stretch-resistance. Approximately one-half of the yarns in the woven textile are, therefore, superfluous to longitudinal stretch-resistance. As an extension of this example, the degree of stretch-resistance required in different areas of the upper may vary. Whereas some areas of the upper may require a relatively high degree of stretch-resistance, other areas of the upper may require a relatively low degree of stretch-resistance. Because the woven textile may be utilized in areas requiring both high and low degrees of stretch-resistance, some of the yarns in the woven textile are superfluous in areas requiring the low degree of stretch-resistance. In this example, the superfluous yarns add to the overall mass of the footwear, without adding beneficial properties to the footwear. Similar concepts apply to other materials, such as leather and polymer sheets, that are utilized for one or more of wear-resistance, flexibility, air-permeability, cushioning, and moisture-wicking, for example.
As a summary of the above discussion, materials utilized in the conventional upper formed from multiple layers of material may have superfluous portions that do not significantly contribute to the desired properties of the upper. With regard to stretch-resistance, for example, a layer may have material that imparts (a) a greater number of directions of stretch-resistance or (b) a greater degree of stretch-resistance than is necessary or desired. The superfluous portions of these materials may, therefore, add to the overall mass and cost of the footwear, without contributing significant beneficial properties.
In contrast with the conventional layered construction discussed above, upper 30 is constructed to minimize the presence of superfluous material. Base layer 42 and cover layer 43 provide a covering for the foot, but exhibit a relatively low mass. Strands 41 are positioned to provide stretch-resistance in particular directions and locations, and the number of strands 41 is selected to impart the desired degree of stretch-resistance. Accordingly, the orientations, locations, and quantity of strands 41 are selected to provide structural components that are tailored to a specific purpose.
Based upon the above discussion, strands 41 may be utilized to form structural components in upper 30. In general, strands 41 resist stretch to limit the overall stretch in upper 30. Strands 41 may also be utilized to distribute forces (e.g., forces from lace 32) to different areas of upper 30. Accordingly, the orientations, locations, and quantity of strands 41 are selected to provide structural components that are tailored to a specific purpose.
Further Footwear Configurations
The orientations, locations, and quantity of strands 41 in
The running style or preferences of an individual may also determine the orientations, locations, and quantity of strands 41. For example, some individuals may have a relatively high degree of pronation (i.e., an inward roll of the foot), and having a greater number of strands 41 on lateral side 14 may reduce the degree of pronation. Some individuals may also prefer greater longitudinal stretch resistance, and footwear 10 may be modified to include further strands 41 that extend between regions 11-13 on both sides 14 and 15. Some individuals may also prefer that upper 30 fit more snugly, which may require adding more strands 41 throughout upper 30. Accordingly, footwear 10 may be customized to the running style or preferences of an individual through changes in the orientations, locations, and quantity of strands 41.
Various aspects relating to strands 41 and layers 42 and 43 in
Forward lace-receiving element 35 is discussed above as having a loop structure, and strands 41 extend around the loop structure. In further configurations, forward lace-receiving element 35 may have different structures. For example,
Manufacturing Method
A variety of methods may be utilized to manufacture upper 30 and, particularly, element 40. As an example, an embroidery process may be utilized to locate strands 41 relative to base layer 42. Once strands 41 are positioned, cover layer 43 may be bonded to base layer 42 and strands 41, thereby securing strands 41 within element 40 and between layers 42 and 43. This general process is described in detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/442,679, which was filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on 25 May 2006 and entitled Article Of Footwear Having An Upper With Thread Structural Elements, such prior application being entirely incorporated herein by reference. As an alternative to an embroidery process, other stitching processes may be utilized to locate strands 41 relative to base layer 42, such as computer stitching. Additionally, processes that involve winding strands 41 around pegs on a frame around base layer 42 may be utilized to locate strands 41 over base layer 42. Accordingly, a variety of methods may be utilized to locate strands 41 relative to base layer 42 in the manufacturing process of upper 30.
Footwear comfort is generally enhanced when the surfaces of upper 30 forming the void have relatively smooth or otherwise continuous configurations. In other words, seams, protrusions, ridges, and other discontinuities may cause discomfort to the foot. Referring to
The invention is disclosed above and in the accompanying figures with reference to a variety of configurations. The purpose served by the disclosure, however, is to provide an example of the various features and concepts related to the invention, not to limit the scope of the invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that numerous variations and modifications may be made to the configurations described above without departing from the scope of the present invention, as defined by the appended claims.
This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/799,708, filed Jul. 15, 2015, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/327,229, filed on Dec. 15, 2011, the entirety of each is hereby incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13327229 | Dec 2011 | US |
| Child | 14799708 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14799708 | Jul 2015 | US |
| Child | 15614207 | US |
