Patent Application
20240138514
A footwear article may support activities of a wearer based on its shape and materials incorporated into the footwear article. For example, the footwear article may be adapted for a specific use, such as for running, and may have a configuration that absorbs impact when the wearer's foot strikes a ground surface and allows the wearer to perform an activity efficiently, e.g., with less fatigue and optimal positioning of lower extremity joints. As such, a profile of the sole may affect energy conservation, stability, and user comfort depending on an intended use of the footwear article. By optimizing a geometry and material properties of the sole according to end use, the footwear article may promote positioning of the foot in an ideal position for both landing on and launching from the ground.
In one embodiment, a footwear article may include a sole having a bottom profile with a complex curve, the complex curve formed of a first curve at a heel region of the sole to provide a target landing angle of the sole, and a second curve at a ball region of the sole to provide a target exit angle of the sole, wherein the first curve and the second curve are each a constant curve. In this way, forces exerted on the wearer's foot upon contact with the ground may be dampened while energy output by the wearer may be transferred efficiently through the sole via the plate. The foot may be compelled to flex through a range of angles that reduces discomfort, maintains stable foot placement, and minimizes energy loss. As a result, activities, such as running and/or walking, may be performed for a longer duration of time and/or at a faster pace.
The present disclosure will be better understood from reading the following description of non-limiting embodiments, with reference to the attached drawings, wherein below:
The following description relates to a sole for a footwear article. The footwear article may be a shoe adapted for a specific type of activity based on a configuration of the sole. An example of a sole is depicted in
Turning now to
The midsole 104 may be a layer located between the insole and the outsole 102 and may be configured to absorb shock and provide cushioning. The midsole 104 may be coupled to an upper surface of the outsole 102 and a bottom surface of the insole. In some examples, particularly for athletic footwear articles, the midsole 104 may control pronation of the wearer's foot, thereby directly affecting the user's comfort while the footwear article is worn. A composition of the midsole 104 may determine a durability, absorptive and cushioning properties, and a useful life of the sole 100. For example, the midsole 104 may be formed of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermal polyurethane (TPU), polyurethane (PU), and/or combinations thereof.
An overall shape of the sole 100 may be determined by a geometry of the midsole 104. More specifically a bottom profile of the sole 100 may correspond to a bottom contour of the midsole 104. As shown in
The sole 100 may therefore affect a propagation of movement through a wearer's lower extremities as well as transfer of energy from the wearer to a ground surface (hereafter, the ground) to propel the wearer in a desired direction. Such effects may be controlled based on both a shape of the sole 100 and mechanical properties of the sole 100, such as stiffness, compressibility, etc. As one example, regions of the sole 100 which directly contact the ground while the wearer is performing an activity such as running or walking may moderate dorsiflexion of the foot, where dorsiflexion is flexing of the foot such that the wearer's toes move closer to the wearer's shin. As the wearer's foot shifts through a stride, weight may be transferred through the foot and therefore the sole 100, from a heel end 110 to a toe end 112 of the sole 100. Contact between the sole 100 and the ground may proceed through a set of regions of the sole 100, the set of regions including a first region 114, a second region 116, and a third region 118.
The first region 114 may be proximate to the heel end 110 of the sole 100, extending between the heel end 110 and a first point of contact 120 between the sole 100 and the ground, and may represent a portion of the sole 100 supporting a heel of the wearer's foot. The second region 116 may be a central, or transition region of the sole 100, arranged under an arch of the wearer's foot and extending between the first point of contact 120 and a second point of contact 122 of the sole with the ground. The third region 118 may be proximate to the toe end 112 of the sole 100 and positioned below a ball and metatarsals of the wearer's foot. Hereafter, the first, second and third regions may also be referred to as a heel region, a central region, and a ball region, respectively.
When the sole 100 is in a neutral position, e.g., stationary on a ground surface without any force exerted on the sole, the first region 114 of the sole 100 does not contact the ground except at the first point of contact 120 and the third region 118 does not contact the ground except at the second point of contact 122. When the footwear article is worn by a wearer and the wearer performs an activity, such as running or walking having a conventional stride in a forward direction, the sole 100 may be lifted off the ground initially during a stride and may contact the ground at the first region 114 before the second or third regions 116, 118. As the stride progresses, contact between the sole 100 and the ground may shift through the second region 116 and then through the third region 118 before the sole 100 is lifted again above the ground. Impact imposed on the foot during the stride may be greatest upon initial contact at the first region 114. Forward propulsion of the wearer may be greatest when the third region 118 is in contact with the ground. Efficient transfer of energy, e.g., with minimal losses, from the first region 114 to the third region 118 may therefore be desirable. Further details of the set of regions and the points of contact are provided below, with reference to
A simplified diagram of a sole 200 is shown in
The first point of contact 120 may be selectively positioned along the sole 200 to promote optimal foot flexion, where its positioning may be varied depending on activity. In one example, the first point of contact 120 may be positioned at a point corresponding to a lowest point of a heel of a last used to form the sole 200, with respect to a direction of gravity (e.g., the direction towards the ground when the shoe is being used) and a curvature of the heel of the last. The first point of contact 120 may be shifted within a range between up to and including 10 mm towards the heel end 204 of the sole 200, away from the lowest point of the heel of the last, and up to and including 50 mm towards the toe end 206 of the sole 200, away from the lowest point of the heel of the last. In some examples, the first point of contact may be shifted up to and including 75 mm towards the toe end 206 of the sole 200. As an example, the first point of contact 120 may be shifted towards the heel end 204 as an anticipated intensity of use of the sole 200 increases. For example, the first point of contact 120 may be closer towards heel end 204 in a shoe for running when compared to the first point of contact 120 in a shoe for walking.
The second point of contact 122 may be aligned based on geometric considerations which may correspond to a ball of the foot of the wearer in one example, but may not be aligned with the ball of the foot in other examples. For example, the second point of contact 122 may be located at a distance that is ¼ of a length of the last used to form the sole 200, when the last is at 0° of dorsiflexion. The second point of contact 122 may shift forwards or rearwards of a point equal to ¼ of the last length depending on a curvature of the third region 118 of the sole 200. As one example, a target exit angle β (described further below) of the sole may be 32° and the second point of contact 122 may be positioned to achieve the target exit angle according to the curvature of the third region 118. The second point of contact 122 may be shifted up to and including 50 mm towards the heel end 204 and up to and including 25 mm towards the toe end 206 of the sole 200, relative to the point corresponding to ¼ of the length of the last. In further examples, the second point of contact 122 may be shifted up to and including 75 mm towards the heel end 204.
In an alternate embodiment, the second point 122 of contact may be located at a distance that a third of a length of the last used to form the sole 200, when the last is at 0° of dorsiflexion and the second point of contact 122 may be shifted relative to the point equal to a third of the last length depending on a curvature of the third region 118 of the sole 200.
As the stride progresses, the wearer's weight is shifted from the heel end 204 of the sole 200 to the toe end 206. Contact between the sole 200 and the ground may be transferred from the first region 114 to the third region 118 via the second region 116. The sole 200 may be shaped to have another of the target angles at the toe end 206, which may be the exit angle β, formed between the ground and the bottom surface of the sole 200 at the third region 118. The exit angle β may control an angle of the foot, e.g., plantar flexion where the foot flexes in an opposite direction of dorsiflexion, when the sole 200 loses contact with the ground at an end of the stride. The exit angle β may also determine a location along the sole 200 of the second point of contact 122 between the sole 200 and the ground, which may also be an apex of the exit angle β. In one example, the target angles may be adapted for running and may correspond to 17° at the landing angle α and 32° at the exit angle β.
In order to achieve the target angles at the heel end 204 and the toe end 206 of the sole 200, a profile of the sole 200 may be configured with a complex curve, where the complex curve is generated by incorporating more than one curve into the profile, each curve having a distinct radius (e.g., each having a different radii) of curvature, as shown in
The central region 116 may be a neutral region, with respect to flexion of the foot. In one example, a bottom contour of the central region 116 may be flat with a linear profile parallel with a plane of the ground, as shown in
In one example, the sole 200 may include a plate 214 that extends through the central region 116 following a lengthwise direction indicated by arrow 201. The plate 214 may be a moderation plate that may assist in efficient energy transfer through the central region 116 of the sole 200. The plate 214 may also stabilize the sole 200 along the length 202 and a width of the sole 200 (the width defined as perpendicular to the length 202 along a common plane parallel with the ground). The plate 214 may also extend into a portion of the heel region 114 and a portion of the ball region 118 of the sole 200. A length 220 of the plate 214 may be shorter than the length 202 of the sole 200. For example, the length 220 of the plate 214 may be 30%, 50%, or 60% of the length 202 of the sole 200. As another example, the length of the plate 214 may be 30% to 80% of the length 202 of the sole 200 and the length may be selected based on mechanical properties of the plate 214. Similarly, a width of the plate 214 may be less than the width of the sole 200.
The plate 214 may be positioned within the midsole of the sole 200, at a height 216 above the bottom surface 208 of the sole 200 that is less than a thickness 218 of the sole 200. In other words, the plate 214 is embedded in the midsole at a mid-point along the thickness 218 of the sole 200 such that at least a portion of the thickness 218 of the midsole is positioned between the plate 214 and the ground. The height 216 of the plate 214, relative to the bottom surface 208 of the sole 200, may be selected to provide shock absorption upon landing (e.g., initial contact of the sole 200 with the ground) and allow the foot to transition into an optimum position for takeoff (e.g., when the foot leaves the ground). For example, the plate 214 may be arranged within the sole 200 directly below the wearer's foot, and closer to the ground than to the foot while maintaining sufficient thickness of the sole 200 beneath the plate 214 to preserve a structural integrity of the sole 200. In one example, a thickness of the sole 200 under the plate 214 may be at least 4 mm.
A material of the plate 214 may be any material able to provide a desired stiffness and elasticity, such as nylon, carbon fiber, etc. The plate 214 may thereby conduct a load, e.g., an applied force, along the length of the plate 214 based on a rigidity of the plate 214. For example, the material of the plate 214 may be less flexible and more resistant to bending than the material of the midsole and may be positioned to resist flexing of the sole 200 in a targeted portion of the sole 200. A profile of the plate 214 may, as one example, match the complex curve profile of the sole 200. However, in other examples, the profile of the plate 214 may differ from the profile of the sole 200.
By configuring a sole with a complex curve and a plate embedded in the sole, a wearer's foot may land on the ground and spring off of the ground at dorsiflexion and plantar flexion angles that reduce a duration of contact of the sole with the ground during a running or walking stride. For example, insufficient dorsiflexion may cause a “loose” foot effect and cause the foot to strike the ground at an angle that results in poor energy transfer. Insufficient or excessive plantar flexion may result in reduced power output through the foot during launch. By tuning the complex curve to provide target landing and exit angles, and incorporating the plate to provide a desired resistance to flexion through a central region of the sole, loss of energy is minimized and power may be transferred to the foot via posterior chain muscles of the wearer.
Furthermore, by controlling the landing and exit angles of the sole, stresses imposed on the wearer's foot may be reduced, as well as ankle plantar moments and first medial force peak. The curves of the sole profile, at a ball region and a heel region of the sole, may be varied depending on end use (e.g., walking versus running, long distance running versus sprinting, etc.) to promote smooth progression of weight transfer through the foot.
An example of curves used to generate a complex curve for a sole profile is depicted in
The sole 304 has the first point of contact 120 and the second point of contact 122 of
The first curve 318 may have a radius that allows the first curve 318 to provide a target landing angle, such as the landing angle α of
At the second point of contact 122 of the sole 304, the curvature of the sole along the ball region 118 may be determined based on a second curve 320. The second curve 320 may be a constant curve. Further, the second curve 320 may not be a progressive curve. The second point of contact 122 may represent a point of contact between the second curve 320 and the ground. The second curve 320 may have a radius that allows the second curve 320 to provide a target exit angle, such as the exit angle β of
As one example, the radius of the first curve 318 may a larger radius than the radius of the second curve 320 to provide a greater value of the exit angle relative to the landing angle. Said another way, the target landing angle may be a smaller angle than the target exit angle. For example, when the footwear article 300 is a running shoe, the exit angle may be 32°. In other examples, the exit angle may be between 27° to 37°. In further examples, the exit angle may be between 27° and 50°. The radius of the second curve 320 may be 120 mm, in one example. In other examples, the radius of the second curve 320 may be varied to adjust the landing angle, e.g., either greater or less than 32°, and the radius of the second curve 320 may be a value in a range of 80-200 mm. A ratio of the radius of the first curve 318 to the radius of the second curve 320 may be between 5:1 to 2:1. In addition, due to the greater value of the exit angle relative to the landing angle, a length of the ball region 118 may be greater length than a length of the heel region 114 of the sole 304. In an alternate embodiment the target landing angle may be larger and a target exit angle may be smaller. In such an embodiment the first curve has a smaller radius of curvature than a radius of curvature of the second curve.
Turning briefly to
In some examples a middle ball point 612 of the article of footwear may be a third distance 614 from the toe tip (e.g., high toe tip 608 or low toe tip 602). In some examples the third distance may be 100 mm. In an exemplary embodiment, a minimum radius of curvature may be a first toe tip curve 618 connecting a forward ball point 616 to high toe tip 608. As one example, forward ball point 616 may be a fourth distance 620 closer to the toe tip than middle ball point 612. In an exemplary embodiment fourth distance 620 is 25 mm. In such an example, first curve 618 may be a 75 mm curve. A maximum radius of curvature may be a second toe tip curve 622 connecting a rear ball point 624 to low toe tip 602. As one example, rear ball point 624 may be a fifth distance 626 further away from the toe point than middle ball point 612. For example, fifth distance 626 may be 50 mm. In such an example, a radius of second toe tip curve 622 may be 412 mm. Both first toe tip curve 618 and second toe tip curve 622 may be constant curves.
A maximum and minimum target exit angle is also shown in diagram 600. A maximum landing angle 627 may also be based on fifth distance 626 and second distance 610. As one example the maximum landing angle 627 may be 43°. A minimum exit angle 628 may be based on fifth distance 626 and first distance 604. In some examples, the minimum exit angle may be 11°. In this way, a curve such as second curve 320 of
Turning now to
A medium heel low point 712 may be a third distance 714 from the heel tip (e.g., high heel tip 708 or low heel tip 702). As one example third distance 714 may be 60 mm. The heel low point may be shifted closer or further away from the heel tip. In one example a rear heel low point 716 may be a fourth distance 718 closer to the heel tip than medium heel low point 712. As one example, fourth distance 718 may be 10 mm. In a further example a forward heel low point 720 may be fifth distance 722 further away from the heel tip than medium heel low point 712. As one example, fifth distance 722 may be 50 mm. In some examples, a minimum radius of curvature may be shown by a first heel tip curve 724 connecting forward heel low point 720 and high heel tip point 708. As one example, a radius of first heel tip curve 724 may be 171 mm. First heel tip curve 724 may be a constant curve and may not be a progressive curve. Further, a maximum radius of curvature may be shown by a second heel tip curve 726. As one example, a radius of second curve 726 may be 556 mm. Second heel tip curve 726 may be a constant curve and may not be a progressive curve.
A maximum and minimum target landing angle is also shown in diagram 700. A maximum landing angle 727 may also be based on fourth distance 718 and second distance 710. As one example the maximum landing angle 727 may be 39°. A minimum landing angle 728 may be based on fifth distance 722 and first distance 704. As one example, the minimum landing angle 728 may be 5°. In this way a curve such first curve 318 of
Returning now to
By configuring the plate 310 with a concave curvature (e.g., concave when looking down at plate 310 through upper 302) through the central region 116 of the sole 304, the plate 310 may resist a downward force, as indicated by arrow 322, imposed on the plate 310 as the wearer's weight is transferred from the heel region 114 to the ball region 118 through the central region 116. The force may be distributed across the length of the plate 310. For example, a greater rigidity of a material of the plate 310 relative to a material of the midsole 306 may mitigate excessive flexing of the wearer's ankle and foot and allow energy to be transmitted from the heel region 114 to the ball region 118 of the sole 304 rapidly and efficiently. A degree of concavity (through the central region 116) and a stiffness of the plate 310 may therefore be tuned to accommodate an expected amount of force applied to the sole 304 during activity. As an example, the plate 310 may be more concave through the central region 116 and/or stiffer when the footwear article 300 is a running shoe than when the footwear article 300 is a walking shoe, due to higher impact upon the foot striking the ground during running compared to walking.
Variations in a complex curve of a sole profile are shown in
As shown in
In this way, a sole for a footwear article may provide efficient energy transfer through a wearer's foot and between the foot and the ground, while promoting optimal flexion of the wearer's foot and ankle. The sole may have a profile incorporating a complex curve, where the complex curve may be generated based on a first curve overlaid with a heel region of the sole and a second curve overlaid with a ball region of the sole. A central region of the sole, between the heel region and the ball region, may be configured to provide a smooth transition of weight and contact through the sole. The first and second curves may be selected to impart the sole with target landing and exit angles, which may moderate foot position as the foot strikes and pushes off the ground. The sole may further include a plate embedded within a midsole of the sole to provide a load transfer mechanism that may reduce loss of energy and may transfer loads at a desired rate through the sole, thereby reducing wearer fatigue. The complex curve of the sole and a configuration of the plate may be adjusted according to activity to optimize their effects on a wearer's performance.
The disclosure also provides support for a footwear article, comprising: a sole having a bottom profile with a complex curve, the complex curve formed of a first curve at a heel region of the sole to provide a target landing angle of the sole, and a second curve at a ball region of the sole to provide a target exit angle of the sole, wherein the first curve and the second curve are constant curves. In a first example of the system, a size of the target landing angle is inversely related to a size of the target exit angle, and wherein a size of a radius of curvature of the first curve relative to a size of a radius of curvature of the second curve is based on relative sizes of the target landing angle and target exit angle. In a second example of the system, optionally including the first example, an apex of the target landing angle is a first point of contact of the sole with a ground surface, and wherein an apex of the target exit angle is a second point of contact of the sole with the ground surface. In a third example of the system, optionally including one or both of the first and second examples, the ball region of the sole, the ball region extending between the second point of contact and a toe end of the footwear article, has a greater length than the heel region of the sole, the heel region extending between the first point of contact and a heel end of the footwear article, and wherein a length of the ball region is equal to a third of a length of a last used to form the footwear article. In a fourth example of the system, optionally including one or more or each of the first through third examples, when the footwear article is in a neutral position, the heel region and the ball region of the sole do not contact a ground surface. In a fifth example of the system, optionally including one or more or each of the first through fourth examples, a radius of curvature of the first curve is in a range between 556 mm and 170 mm, and wherein a radius of curvature of the second curve is in a range between 75 mm and 412 mm. In a sixth example of the system, optionally including one or more or each of the first through fifth examples, the target exit angle is in a range of 10° to 30° and the target landing angle is in a range of 27° to 50°, and wherein the target exit angle is decreased when the footwear article is a walking shoe and increased when the footwear article is a running shoe. In a seventh example of the system, optionally including one or more or each of the first through sixth examples, the footwear article further includes a plate embedded in the sole, the plate having an increased stiffness relative to a material of the sole and formed of one or more of nylon and carbon fiber.
The disclosure also provides support for a sole for a footwear article, comprising: an outsole configured to interface with a ground surface, a midsole coupled to an upper surface of the outsole, the midsole having a bottom contour formed of more than one curve, including a first curve and a second curve, with a transition region extending between the first curve and the second curve, wherein the first curve and the second curve are constant curves. In a first example of the system, the transition region has one of a flat bottom contour or a convex bottom contour, and the outsole is in contact with the ground surface at the transition region when the footwear article is in a neutral position. In a second example of the system, optionally including the first example, the transition region has a concave bottom contour and the outsole is not in contact with the ground surface at the transition region. In a third example of the system, optionally including one or both of the first and second examples, the outsole contacts the ground surface at an intersection of the first curve and the transition region and at an intersection of the second curve and the transition region, and wherein a ratio of a radius of curvature of the second curve to a radius of curvature of the first curve is in a range of 2:1 to 5:1. In a fourth example of the system, optionally including one or more or each of the first through third examples, the intersection of the first curve and the transition region is aligned with a lowest point of a heel of a last used to form the sole, and wherein the intersection of the first curve and the transition region is shifted forward from the lowest point of the heel of the last by up to 75 mm toward a toe end of the sole and shifted rearward from the lowest point of the heel of the last by up to 10 mm toward a heel end of the sole depending on a target landing angle of the sole. In a fifth example of the system, optionally including one or more or each of the first through fourth examples, the intersection of the second curve and the transition region is aligned with a point equal to a quarter of a length of a last used to form the sole, and wherein the intersection of the second curve and the transition region is shifted forward by up to 25 mm toward a toe end of the sole and shifted rearward by up to 75 mm toward a heel end of the sole relative to the point depending on a curvature of the second curve and a target exit angle of the sole.
The disclosure also provides support for a footwear article, comprising: a sole having an insole, a midsole, and an outsole, the sole having a bottom profile formed of at least two curves with different radii, and a plate embedded in the sole at a mid-point along a thickness of the sole, the plate formed of a less flexible material than the midsole, and wherein the plate has a profile that matches the at least two curves. In a first example of the system, the plate is concave through a central region of the sole. In a second example of the system, optionally including the first example, the profile of the plate matches the bottom profile of the sole along an entire length of the plate. In a third example of the system, optionally including one or both of the first and second examples, the plate is positioned at least 4 mm above a ground surface. In a fourth example of the system, optionally including one or more or each of the first through third examples, the plate extends along a range of 30%-80% of a length of the sole. In a fifth example of the system, optionally including one or more or each of the first through fourth examples when the footwear article is a running shoe, the plate is more stiff and more concave through a central region of the sole than when the footwear article is a walking shoe.
As used herein, an element or step recited in the singular and proceeded with the word “a” or “an” should be understood as not excluding plural of said elements or steps, unless such exclusion is explicitly stated. Furthermore, references to “one embodiment” of the present invention are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features. Moreover, unless explicitly stated to the contrary, embodiments “comprising,” “including,” or “having” an element or a plurality of elements having a particular property may include additional such elements not having that property. The terms “including” and “in which” are used as the plain-language equivalents of the respective terms “comprising” and “wherein.” Moreover, the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements or a particular positional order on their objects.
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable a person of ordinary skill in the relevant art to practice the invention, including making and using any articles, devices, or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those of ordinary skill in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/381,734 entitled “FOOTWEAR SOLE WITH COMPLEX CURVE”, filed on Oct. 31, 2022. The entire contents of the above-listed application is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63381734 | Oct 2022 | US |
