The present disclosure relates generally to firearm accessories and, more specifically, to an improved forearm brace for a handgun.
Firearm design involves many non-trivial challenges, including the design of grips and stocks to facilitate the user in having a stable position for discharging the firearm. Some considerations related to the design of submachine guns and handguns address a stock, brace, or other feature that aids the user in stabilizing the firearm during use.
The embodiments described in the present disclosure relate to a pistol brace for use with a pistol or handgun, where the pistol brace is configured to stabilize the firearm when it is held or fired by the user.
Accordingly, one aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a pistol brace configured to attach to a pistol. In one embodiment, a pistol brace is configured for use with a pistol having a frame with a rear end portion. The pistol brace has a longitudinal support configured to attach to the frame of the pistol and extend rearwardly from the pistol generally along a median plane of the pistol. A first plate and a second plate are pivotably attached to the longitudinal support. The first plate has a first plate upper end portion and a first plate body, where the first plate upper end portion is pivotably attached to the longitudinal support with the first plate body extending transversely from the longitudinal support. The first plate is pivotable about a first pivot axis extending through the first plate upper end portion. The second plate has a second plate upper end portion and a second plate body, where the second plate upper end portion is pivotably attached to the longitudinal support with the second plate body extending transversely from the longitudinal support in opposed alignment with the first plate. The second plate can pivot about a second pivot axis extending through the second plate upper end portion, where the second plate pivots independently of the first plate.
In some embodiments, the first pivot axis is distinct from the second pivot axis. For example, the first pivot axis is laterally spaced from the second pivot axis. In other embodiments, the first pivot axis is the same as the second pivot axis. For example, the first plate and the second plate pivot about the longitudinal support, such as when the pivot axis is the central axis of the longitudinal support.
In some embodiments, a proximal end portion of the longitudinal support includes a mounting post received through the first plate upper end portion and the second plate upper end portion.
In some embodiments, the pistol brace includes a flexible strap attached to the first plate lower end portion and the second plate lower end portion. The flexible strap at least in part defines a forearm passageway sized for a forearm of a user when the first plate lower end portion and the second plate lower end portion are pivoted apart from each other in an open position. In some embodiments, the flexible strap is permanently secured to at least one of the first plate and the second plate. The flexible strap can be used to define a releasable and/or adjustable closed loop.
In some embodiments, the longitudinal support comprises a first rod and a second rod extending in a spaced-apart parallel relationship. In some embodiments, the pistol brace includes a mounting bracket attached to the first rod and the second rod, where the mounting bracket slidably receives the first rod and the second rod, thereby permitting the first plate and the second plate to be moved between (i) a stowed position in which the first plate and the second plate are positioned adjacent the mounting bracket, and (ii) an extended position in which the first plate and the second plate are extended rearwardly from the mounting bracket by the longitudinal support. In some embodiments, the first rod is received by the first plate upper end portion and defines the first pivot axis, and wherein the second rod is received by the second plate upper end portion and defines the second pivot axis.
In some embodiments, the pistol brace includes a brace body secured to a proximal end portion of the longitudinal support, where the first plate and the second plate pivotably attach to the brace body. For example, the brace body extends laterally of the longitudinal support and defines the first pivot axis and the second pivot axis on opposite sides of the median plane. In some embodiments, the brace body is secured to a proximal end portion of the longitudinal support and includes a mounting post that is received through the first plate upper end portion and the second plate upper end portion.
In another embodiment, the pistol brace includes a mounting bracket attached to the longitudinal support and configured to engage the frame of the pistol. In one embodiment, the mounting bracket is configured to engage a mounting rail on the rear end of the pistol. For example, the mounting rail is a MIL-STD 1913 rail or “Picatinny” rail.
In another embodiment, a mounting bracket is attached to the first rod and the second rod, where the mounting bracket slidably receives the first rod and the second rod, thereby permitting the first plate and the second plate to be moved between (i) a stowed position in which the first plate and the second plate are positioned adjacent the mounting bracket, and (ii) an extended position in which the first plate and the second plate are extended rearwardly from the mounting bracket by the longitudinal support. In one embodiment, the first rod and the second rod are spaced sufficiently to extend alongside the frame of the pistol when the pistol brace is attached to the pistol with the first plate and the second plate in the stowed position.
In some embodiments, one or both of the first plate and the second plate has a fixed position relative to the median plane. For example, the fixed position is releasable. In one embodiment, the fixed position is a closed position with a first inside surface of the first plate facing and closely adjacent a second inside surface of the second plate. For example, the closed position is selectively lockable by a brace locking assembly.
In some embodiments, the pistol brace includes a pistol connected to a distal end portion of the longitudinal support. For example, the pistol has a lower receiver and an upper receiver and is selected from (i) a submachine gun, (ii) a pistol-caliber carbine, (iii) a short-barreled rifle, and (iv) a handgun.
Further aspects, advantages and areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. It should be understood that the description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
The figures depict various embodiments of the present disclosure for purposes of illustration only. Numerous variations, configurations, and other embodiments will be apparent from the following detailed discussion.
The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses. As will be seen, the devices and methods taught herein offer a pistol brace that aids the user in stabilizing a pistol or handgun. The Gun Control Act of 1968 (GCA) defines a pistol as a weapon originally designed, made, and intended to fire a projectile (bullet) from one or more barrels when held in one hand, having a chamber(s) as an integral part of, or permanently aligned with, the bore(s), and a short stock designed to be gripped by one hand at an angle to and extending below the line of the bore(s). The National Firearms Act (NFA) defines a short-barreled rifle as a shoulder-fired gun with a barrel shorter than 16 inches (41 cm) or an overall length of less than 26 inches.
For the purposes of the present disclosure, the term pistol or handgun means a firearm intended to be fired from one's hand or hands without being braced against the user's shoulder, including but not limited to pistols defined under the GCA, short-barreled rifles defined under the NFA, semiautomatic firearms having a barrel shorter than 16 inches, and rifles assembled or converted to a pistol or short-barreled rifle. The terms pistol and handgun may be used interchangeably.
A forearm-gripping stabilizing attachment by SB Tactical includes an attachment body with an upper portion defining a passage extending longitudinally therein. The passage in the upper portion of the attachment telescopically receives the buffer tube or other suitable tubular support structure extending rearwardly from a handgun. The lower portion of the attachment body is longitudinally bifurcated with downwardly-depending opposed flaps to receive and grip the user's forearm along the buffer tube. The flaps are laterally spaced and form a gap therebetween for the forearm of a user with the flaps disposed on opposite lateral sides of the user's forearm. The attachment may have a fabric strap that encircles the flaps and the user's forearm and may be cinched tight to secure the attachment to the user's forearm. The forearm-gripping stabilizing attachment maintains the user's forearm positioned below and extending along the buffer tube or other support structure.
By gripping the user's forearm along the buffer tube, the forearm-gripping stabilizing attachment discussed above maintains the user's forearm aligned with the median plane of the handgun. However, this forearm position conflicts with proper sight alignment of conventional shooting positions. For example, in one conventional shooting position, the user assumes an isosceles stance with the handgun held in an upright position in front of the body at eye level. To align one's eye with sights along the barrel, the user's wrist must be slightly extended so that the forearm(s) deviate laterally from the median plane as the arm(s) extends rearwardly to the shoulder. Therefore, when using the forearm-gripping stabilizing attachment of the prior art while in the isosceles position or other conventional shooting positions, the user must cant the handgun to align the user's eye with sights along the barrel. Canting the pistol, however, is generally less accurate because the sights are set up for an upright orientation. As such, corrections for windage and elevation become errors when the handgun is canted. When using the forearm-gripping stabilizing attachment of the prior art with the pistol in an upright position, the user may shoot from the hip (without sights) or shoot one-handed with the arm outstretched to the side of the body. Thus, by maintaining the user's forearm along the median plane of the handgun, the forearm-gripping stabilizing attachment of the prior art interferes with proper sight picture and sight alignment and in turn reduces the user's ability to shoot accurately.
A pistol brace by KAK Industries has a plate attached to and extending vertically down from the buffer tube of pistols based on the AR-platform and the like. The user's forearm rests against the flat, vertical surface of the plate while shooting. However, the vertical plate provides little actual support to counteract muzzle drop of the pistol since the plate is positioned for lateral forces, not vertical forces. When the handgun is held upright in a conventional shooting position in front of the user, the forces of the handgun act vertically in line with the plate rather than acting sideways against the plate. Therefore, the attachment is merely a vertical blade against which little or no force is exerted when the handgun is used in a conventional position.
In addition to the deficiencies discussed above, the strap of some prior-art pistol braces is exposed and subjected to wear and tear during use and when the brace is not being used. Even in controlled environments, the strap can become frayed or worn. Such a design necessitates having the strap configured for easy removal so that it may be replaced when worn. Unfortunately, a removable strap facilitates improperly using the pistol brace as a stock for shoulder-firing the firearm. By doing so, the user may inadvertently violate the NFA's provisions on short-barreled rifles.
Considering the deficiencies of other brace designs, a need exists for an improved forearm pistol brace. Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to an improved pistol brace. In some embodiments, a pistol brace aids the user in stabilizing the firearm during use, enables proper sight alignment in conventional shooting positions, and provides support to counteract muzzle drop of barrel-heavy pistols.
As will be appreciated in light of this disclosure, and in accordance with some embodiments, a pistol brace configured as described herein can be utilized with any of a wide range of host firearms, such as, but not limited to, a pistol, a submachine gun, a carbine, and a short-barreled rifle. In accordance with some example embodiments, a pistol brace configured as described herein can be utilized with host firearms chambered for pistol or rifle ammunition. Suitable host firearms include firearms based on AR-15, AK-47, SCAR and other platforms. Some pistol platforms have, for example, a firearm lower receiver with a magazine well positioned in front of the trigger and hand grip, an upper receiver that assembles with the lower receiver and houses a bolt carrier group with a charging handle. An example of one suitable pistol is the SIG MPX® Pistol by Sig Sauer, Inc., a semiautomatic pistol chambered in 9 mm Luger with an eight-inch barrel and an overall length of about seventeen inches. Other suitable host firearms and projectile calibers will be apparent in light of this disclosure.
In accordance with some embodiments, use of the disclosed apparatus may be detected, for example, by visual inspection of a pistol brace having features such as opposed bolsters or plates that pivot independently of each other, the ability to position the user's forearm laterally from the median plane of the pistol, and a flexible strap that can be stowed between the opposed plates. Also, it should be noted that, while generally referred to herein as a pistol brace for consistency and ease of understanding the present disclosure, the disclosed pistol brace is not limited to that specific terminology and alternatively can be referred to, for example, as a forearm brace, a stabilizing attachment, a forearm pistol brace, or other terms. As will be further appreciated, the particular configuration (e.g., materials, dimensions, etc.) of a pistol brace configured as described herein may be varied, for example, depending on whether the intended use is military, tactical, law enforcement, or civilian in nature. Numerous configurations and advantages will be apparent in light of this disclosure.
Structure and Function
Referring to
In one embodiment, longitudinal support 160 has a beam-like construction with a generally rectangular cross-sectional shape. For example, the cross-sectional shape can be a square or rectangle with rounded corners. Optionally, longitudinal support 160 defines one or more openings 172 extending transversely therethrough to reduce weight. Some such openings 172 can have an elongated slot shape for use as a sling mount or strap passageway, as will be appreciated. A support first end portion 164 (e.g., distal end portion) is constructed for attachment to a mounting bracket 110 (shown in
When installed on mounting post 206, such as shown in
Referring to
Referring now to
In one embodiment, first plate upper end portion 214 has a cylindrical shape defining a pivot opening 242 with a larger portion 242a and a smaller portion 242b. Larger portion 242a of pivot opening 242 corresponds to and receives first section 206 (larger portion) of mounting post 206. Smaller portion 242b of pivot opening 242 corresponds to and is sized to receive second section 206b (smaller portion) of mounting post 206. When assembled as shown in
In one embodiment, first plate upper end portion 214 is connected to a rear portion of first plate body 212. Since second plate 230 is identical in some embodiments, second plate upper end portion 234 can overlap first plate upper end portion 214 with pivot openings 242 aligned. For example, first plate upper end portion 214 and second plate upper end portion 234 function like a hinge, where mounting post 206 acts like a hinge pin. First plate body 212 and second plate body 232 can then rotate about mounting post 206 between the open position and the closed position.
Referring now to
Referring to
In one embodiment, rods 162 can be received through sleeves on opposite lateral faces of the lower receiver 34 (shown in
In one embodiment, brace body 202 is constructed to connect between and attach brace portion 200 to longitudinal support 160. In one embodiment, brace body 202 attaches to or receives longitudinal support 160, and also provides a structure to which the first plate 210 and second plate 230 are mounted with the ability to pivot. In one embodiment, brace body 202 has spaced-apart receptacles 204 constructed to receive rods 162. Each rod 162 is received in receptacle 204 and retained by a fastener 205 (e.g., a set screw, a pin, or a nut), adhesive, a frictional fit, threaded engagement, or other suitable feature or combination of features. Mounting post 206 extends rearwardly from brace body 202 for attachment of brace portion 200. In some embodiments, mounting post 206 has first section 206a of larger diameter and second section 206b of smaller diameter, as discussed above.
Referring to
In one embodiment, mounting bracket 110 has an attachment feature 112 configured to attach to a rear end of a pistol frame 14 or lower receiver 34 (shown, e.g., in
In other embodiments, mounting bracket 110 can be a plate that fastens to pistol frame 14 or receiver using fasteners. For example, mounting bracket 110 is secured to pistol frame 14 in place of a stock and uses the same or similar attachment method. In yet other embodiments, mounting bracket 110 can be a sleeve or fitting configured to receive a buffer tube extending from the pistol frame 14.
In one embodiment, mounting bracket 110 defines one or more openings 116 configured to receive longitudinal support 160 therethrough. For example, when longitudinal support 160 is a pair of rods 162, mounting bracket 110 defines a pair of parallel, spaced-apart openings 116 each sized to slidingly receive one of rods 162 therethrough. In one embodiment, openings 116 are positioned so that rods 162 pass alongside the pistol frame 14 when pistol brace 100 is moved to the stowed position, where rods 162 are moved forward through openings 116, and where brace body 202 is positioned adjacent mounting bracket 110. Openings 116 may be configured as through-openings, slots, or other geometry, where each opening 116 generally guides and retains rod 162.
In some embodiments, mounting bracket 110 includes a biasing mechanism 118 that engages longitudinal support 160 to retain its position relative to mounting bracket 110. For example, biasing mechanism 118 is a spring-biased protrusion that extends partially into each opening 116 to prevent movement of rods 162. When the user presses a button, biasing mechanism 118 disengages from rods 162 to allow them to slide with relative ease through openings 116.
In some embodiments, mounting bracket 110 is fixedly attached to longitudinal support 160 at a support first end portion 164. For example, support first end portion 164 is retained in mounting bracket 100 by a frictional fit, set screw, threaded engagement, or mounting bracket 110 being formed over support first end portion 164. Longitudinal support 160 may have a fixed length between mounting bracket 110 and brace portion 200, or may have an adjustable length, such as a telescopic longitudinal support 160.
In one embodiment, longitudinal support 160 includes a pair of rods 162 spaced apart by a gap 163 and that generally extend in parallel on opposite lateral sides of the pistol's median plane 15. For example, gap 163 is sized so that rods 162 pass along opposite sides of the pistol frame 14 or receiver when pistol brace 100 is stowed or moved to a partially-stowed position with brace portion 200 positioned towards a rear end 12 of pistol 10. Rods 162 can have a circular, square, semi-circular, or other cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, for example, rods have a square or rectangular cross-sectional shape to reduce unwanted movement of brace due to torsional forces imparted by the user.
Longitudinal support 160 includes more or fewer than two rods 162 in some embodiments. For example, longitudinal support 160 can be the pistol's buffer tube or other suitable support structure extending from rear end 12 of pistol 10. In another example, pistol brace 100 has three rods 162 arranged in a triangular relationship and extending between brace body 202 and mounting bracket 110 or pistol 10.
Optionally, longitudinal support 160 includes a notch, recess, opening, protrusion, or other length-fixing structure 168 that may be engaged by mounting bracket 110. When equipped with length-fixing structure 168, longitudinal support 160 may be quickly adjusted to one or more pre-defined length. For example, length-fixing structure 168 can be a notch in or protrusion on longitudinal support 160 that is configured to engage biasing mechanism 118 for a short, medium, and long deployment positions from mounting bracket 110, while also accommodating other intermediate positions.
In some embodiments, pistol brace 100 omits mounting bracket 110, and longitudinal support 160 instead engages a feature on pistol 10. For example, rods 162 are each received through sleeves attached to opposite lateral faces of the lower receiver 34 or upper receiver 32. Some pistols or short-barreled rifles include such sleeves on lateral faces of the lower receiver for attaching a stock or other accessory having rods 162. In similar fashion, pistol brace 100 can be attached to pistol 10 with rods 162 received by the pistol's sleeves. In such case, the position of brace portion 200 is adjusted by sliding rods 162 through the sleeves on the receiver. Rods 162 can be fixed in place by tightening a set screw, engaging a tab, inserting a pin, or the like. In another example, rear end 12 of pistol 10 defines one or more opening or socket sized to receive longitudinal support 160 (e.g., rods 162).
Brace portion 200 has a bridge or brace body 202, a first plate 210, and a second plate 230. Brace body 202 attaches to or receives longitudinal support 160. In one embodiment, brace body 202 can be a block, a plate, a bracket, or other structure attached to rods 162 and configured to maintain gap 163 between rods 162. In one embodiment, brace body 202 is fixedly attached to longitudinal support 160. For example, support second end portion 166 is received in an opening 204 in brace body 202 and retained by adhesive, a fastener (e.g., a set screw, a pin, or a nut), a frictional fit with brace body 202, threaded engagement with brace body 202, or other suitable feature. In some embodiments, first rod 162a and second rod 162b extend through brace body 202 and attach to first plate 210 and second plate 230, respectively. Accordingly, first rod 162a can define a first pivot axis 170a for first plate 210 and second rod 162b can define a separate second pivot axis 170b for second plate 230.
Referring now to
In an example shown in
In
First plate 210 and second plate 230 pivot independently about longitudinal support 160, where longitudinal support 160 defines a common pivot axis 170. For example, each of first plate upper end portion 214 and second plate upper end portion 234 pivots about longitudinal support 160 extending therethrough. In one embodiment shown in
Referring now to
Each of first plate 210 and second plate 230 attach to longitudinal support 160 and can pivot independently of each other. Independent movement of first plate 210 and second plate 230 enables the user's forearm 300 to deviate as needed from median plane 15 when holding or firing pistol 10 in various shooting positions. For example, when longitudinal support 160 includes rods 162, first plate upper end portion 214 is attached to first rod 162a and second plate upper end portion 234 is attached to second rod 162b. In some embodiments, first plate 210 and second plate 230 pivot about first rod 162a and second rod 162b, respectively, where rods 162 are fixed in a stationary position. In other embodiments, first plate 210 and/or second plate 230 are fixedly attached to rod 162 and pivot together with rod or with a portion of rod 162. For example, rods 162 include support second end portion 166 that rotates relative to the remaining portions of rod 162.
In some embodiments, first plate 210 and/or second plate 230 can have a fixed position relative to longitudinal support 160. For example, first plate 210 has a fixed position with first plate body 212 extending generally vertically downward to abut the user's anterior surface 302 of the forearm 300 (shown in
Flexible strap 280 connects and extends between first plate lower end portion 216 and second plate lower end portion 236. Flexible strap 280 is configured to extend below and engage the user's forearm 300. In one embodiment, flexible strap 280 is webbing made of woven nylon, woven cotton, polymers, rubber, or other natural or synthetic material. Flexible strap 280 in some embodiments is elasticized, such as being made of or containing elastic, rubber, or other resilient and flexible material that enables flexible strap 280 to stretch. In yet other embodiments, flexible strap 280 is made of semi-flexible material that yields to some extent to conform to the user's forearm 300, such as hard plastic, rubber, and fiberglass.
In one embodiment, each of first plate lower end portion 216 and second plate lower end portion 236 has a rod, dowel, pin, strap loop, opening, or other strap retaining structure 282. For example, strap retaining structure 282 is a pin disposed in strap recess 250 and extending between brace front portion 246 and brace rear portion 248 of first plate 210 and second plate 230 (shown more clearly in
In one embodiment, flexible strap 280 is fixedly secured to first plate 210 and/or to second plate 230, where removal of flexible strap from brace portion 200 requires partial destruction of flexible strap 280 or brace portion 200. For example, one or both of strap ends 284 are secured to strap body 286 by stitching, rivets, or other permanent fastener. In one embodiment, flexible strap 280 is permanently secured to brace portion at both strap ends 284, where flexible strap 280 may have a fixed or adjustable length. In other embodiments, flexible strap 280 is permanently secured to one of first plate 210 or second plate 230 at a corresponding strap end 284, where flexible strap 280 can have an adjustable length with one strap end 284 that is not permanently attached. As such, removal of flexible strap 280 from brace portion 200 requires one to cut flexible strap 280, remove the fastener, or detach strap retaining structure 282 from brace. In taking these types of actions to remove flexible strap 280, the user partially destroys flexible strap 280 and/or parts of brace portion 200. When flexible strap 280 is secured to brace portion 200 in this way, such as when pistol brace 100 is configured for civilian use, the user may be deterred from removing the flexible strap 280 and subsequently shoulder-firing pistol 10, thereby objectively redesigning the firearm for purposes of the National Firearms Act.
Referring now to
As shown in
In some embodiments, first inside face 218 and/or second inside face 238 define a strap recess 250 configured to receive and house flexible strap 280 when pistol brace 100 is not in use. For example, flexible strap 280 can be folded into an inverted-U shape or other configuration that is received in strap recess 250 between first inside face 218 and second inside face 238.
First plate 210 and second plate 230 can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. In some embodiments, first inside face 218 and second inside face 238 are arcuate to engage the generally cylindrical shape of the user's forearm 300 (shown in
In the open position, such as shown in
Referring now to
Referring to
Depending on whether the intended use of pistol brace 100 is civilian, law enforcement, or military in nature, some embodiments of pistol brace 100 are configured to function both as a brace for stabilizing barrel-heavy pistols 10 in addition to being useful as a retractable stock. By locking first plate 210 and second plate 230 in the closed position as discussed above, flexible strap 280 is retained in an out-of-the-way position. Subject to compliance with firearms law, the user may use pistol brace 100 in the closed position as a stock for shoulder-firing pistol 10 by placing proximal end 102 of pistol brace 100 against the user's shoulder.
Referring now to
In use, embodiments of pistol brace 100 facilitate the user in supporting and using a pistol 10, particularly pistols 10 that are barrel-heavy. Embodiments of pistol brace 100 advantageously enable the user to position the forearm 300 for proper sight alignment when holding or shooting pistol 10 in various conventional shooting positions. Unlike prior-art braces, first plate 210 and second plate 230 can pivot independently about pivot axes 170a, 170b, respectively, or about common pivot axis 170, thereby allowing the user's forearm 300 to move laterally away from median plane 15 of pistol as needed. In addition to accommodating various shooting positions, brace portion 200 enables use by left-handed or right-handed shooting without the need to reconfigure pistol brace 100.
Embodiments of pistol brace 100 also facilitate stowage and protection of flexible strap 280 between first plate 210 and second plate 230 when not in use. Strap recesses 250 in first plate 210 and/or second plate 230 enable flexible strap 280 to be folded and retained out of the way of the user. Some embodiments of pistol brace 100 include brace locking assembly 260 to lock the first plate 210 and second plate 230 in the closed position. In the locked position, flexible strap 280 is retained between first plate 210 and second plate 230 and pistol brace 100 has a convenient configuration for being moved as desired to the stowed position adjacent rear end 12 of pistol 10 or being removed from pistol 10. Also, with flexible strap 280 conveniently stowed and brace portion 200 in the locked position, pistol brace 280 may effectively function as a stock when such use is permitted by law.
The foregoing description of example embodiments has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present disclosure to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of this disclosure. It is intended that the scope of the present disclosure be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by the claims appended hereto. Future-filed applications claiming priority to this application may claim the disclosed subject matter in a different manner and generally may include any set of one or more limitations as variously disclosed or otherwise demonstrated herein.
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/531,111 titled FOREARM PISTOL BRACE, and filed on Jul. 11, 2017, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20190017777 A1 | Jan 2019 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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62531111 | Jul 2017 | US |