Patent Grant
7900732
The present invention relates to fork lift trucks of the kind designed for use in narrow aisles of warehouses and the like, where the truck is to deposit loads in and remove loads from the face of a stack, in a direction transverse to the length of the aisle, that is at right angles to the face of the stack.
In order to maximise the storage area of a warehouse, it is desirable to make the aisles of the minimum width possible. The aisles must however be wide enough to permit the manoeuvring of fork lift trucks to deposit a load in or remove a load from the stacks.
In order to improve the manoeuvrability of the fork lift trucks and thus reduce the aisle width, GB 2234214, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto, discloses a fork lift truck with two parts that are pivoted together. The rear part comprises a truck body which carries the driver, propulsion unit and counterweights to balance loads carried by a lifting mechanism mounted on the front part. A pair of driven wheels are provided on the truck body and a pair of non-driven wheels are provided on the front part, as close as possible to the load bearing part of the lift mechanism. The truck is steered by turning the front part relative to the truck body, about the pivot axis.
In order to permit loads to be deposited or removed from the stacks at right angles to the aisles, the front part is preferably capable of being turned at 90° or more to the truck body. As the front wheels approach 90°, the drive from the rear wheels will cause the front wheels to slide sideways along the aisle, rather than steering the truck towards the position in the stack into which a load is to be deposited or from which a load is to be removed.
In order to overcome this problem, it has been proposed, for example as disclosed in GB 2263088 or GB 2255941, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto, to provide differential drive to the rear wheels, in order to produce a steering effect.
A more effective approach, as disclosed in GB 2265344 and EP 1201596, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto, has been to drive the front wheels, instead of or in addition to the rear wheels. However in order to provide stability, it is necessary for the weight distribution in this type of lift truck to be very much to the rear of the truck. It is consequently necessary with front wheel drive systems of this type, to provide an articulated front axle to ensure that both front wheels remain in driving engagement with the floor, in spite of irregularities in the floor surface. This will generate further stability problems, particularly with elevated loads and in practice articulation of the front axle must be limited to provide a maximum upward and downward movement of each wheel, of about 25 mm. Even when the front axle is articulated in this manner, wheel spin is libel to occur if there are variations in the floor surface in excess of 20 mm in 1.5 m, which is typical for a newly laid warehouse floor.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a fork lift truck comprises a truck body, a lift mechanism connected to the truck body by means of a vertically extending pivot and means for turning the lift mechanism relative to the truck body about said pivot to steer the truck, the truck body having a pair of rear ground engaging wheels mounted on transverse axes, the lifting mechanism having a single ground engaging front wheel mounted centrally on a transverse axis, characterised in that the front wheel has independent drive means.
The present invention provides a front wheel drive fork lift truck which will overcome the steering problems associated with rear wheel drive trucks of this type. Furthermore as the single front wheel will always be in driving engagement with the floor, irrespective of irregularities in the surface of the floor, there is no need for articulation of the front axle and the problems associated therewith.
The front wheel may be driven, for example by a hydraulic or electric motor. The motor is preferably coupled directly to the wheel and the motor or a gearbox associated therewith partially built into the wheel to reduce the bulk and minimise the width of the mechanism. The power source for the wheel motor and also for the steering mechanism by which the lifting mechanism is turned about the pivot and for the lifting mechanism itself, for example a hydraulic pump driven by an engine, an engine driven electrical generator or a battery pack, is housed in the truck body. The rear wheels may also be driven in addition to the front wheel.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the front wheel is mounted centrally on a transverse axis as far forward towards the load bearing part of the lifting mechanism as possible, in order to maximise the load bearing capability of the truck.
The invention is now described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:—
As illustrated in
The truck body 12 has a pair of rear wheels 16 mounted on a common axis, which is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the lift truck. The wheels 16 have solid tyres 18. The truck body provides a cabin 20 having a seat 22, steering controls 24, drive control pedals 26 and lifting controls 28. Means, for example, a battery pack or engine driven generator or hydraulic pump, for providing power to the various systems of the truck 10 are also mounted in the truck body 12, together with counter balance weights.
The lifting mechanism 14 comprises a telescopic mast 30 comprising several rails 32, which may be moved in telescopic manner. A fork carriage 34 is mounted on the mast 30 for movement longitudinally of the rails 32. A pair of load engaging forks 36 are provided on the fork carriage 34. Drive means (not shown), for example hydraulic motors or rams, or electric motors are provided for extending the mast and for moving the fork carriage. Furthermore, means, for example a hydraulic ram (not shown) may be provided for tilting the mast 30, backwards from the vertical, in conventional manner.
A single front wheel 40 is mounted on the lifting mechanism 14, on a fixed axle which is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the truck when in the straight ahead position. The front wheel 40 is mounted beneath the mast 30 centrally of the lifting mechanism 14 and as far forward towards the forks 36 as possible, without fouling loads mounted on the forks 36. The wheel 40 has a solid tyre 42.
An electric motor 44 is mounted coaxially of the wheel 40 and is coupled to the wheel 40 by means of a gearbox 46 which is built partially into the hub of the wheel 40, in order to reduce the overall width of the wheel 40/motor 44/gearbox 46 unit.
The lifting mechanism 14 is pivotally connected to an arm 50 which extends forwardly from the front of the truck body 12, by means of a vertical bearing tube assembly 52. A steering mechanism, for example a hydraulic or electric motor and gear or chain mechanism, or hydraulic rams (not shown), is provided for turning the lifting mechanism 14 relative to the truck body 12 under control of the steering control 24, in order to steer the fork lift truck 10.
The fork lift truck 10 is at its least stable position when the lifting mechanism 14 is positioned at 90° to the line X-X joining the points of contact of the front wheel 40 and inside rear wheel 16 with the ground. In this position the load mounted on the forks 36 will produce a moment about the line X-X. In order to balance the load carried by the truck 10, the centre of gravity of the truck must be positioned as far rearwardly as possible, in order to maximise the distance y between the centre of gravity and line X-X.
As the lifting mechanism 14 is rotated and the truck 10 is driven by the motor 44, the speed of the inside rear wheel 16 will reduce with increasing steering angle, until when the point of intersection A of the axis of the front wheel 40 with the axis of the inside rear wheel 16 coincides with the point of contact of the inside rear wheel 16 with the ground, the inside rear wheel 16 will be stationary, the truck 10 pivoting about the inside rear wheel 16. When the steering angle increases beyond this point, the inside read wheel 16 will rotate backwards.
While in the above embodiment only the front wheel 40 is driven, in an alternative embodiment, all three wheels 16,40 may be driven independently by individual electric motors. When all three wheels 16,40 are driven in this manner, the individual electric motors are preferably connected to a power source, in a manner such that under the forces generated by the drive applied to the front wheel 40 and outside rear wheel 16, the inside rear wheel 16 will automatically slow down as the steering angle increases and will eventually reverse, the power to the inside rear wheel 16 being automatically diverted to one or both of the other wheels 16,40.
For example, as illustrated in
With this arrangement, as the truck 10 turns, the increasing load applied to the inside rear wheel 16, causes the motor 60 driving that wheel 16 to slow down. This in turn causes an increase in the current in the circuit connecting motors 60, 62 and an increase in the torque applied by motor 62 to the outside rear wheel 16. The inside and outside rear wheels 16 will thus automatically run at different speeds, as the truck 10 turns.
According to a further embodiment, the motor 44 driving the front wheel 40, may also be connected in series with the motors 60, 62 driving the rear wheels 16, so that the torque applied to the front wheel 40 will also increase, as the truck 10 turns.
In the embodiment illustrated in
The speed of the truck 10 is controlled by engine speed and adjusting the angle of the swash plate of pump 78. The direction of motion of the truck 10 is controlled by means of solenoids, which reverse the direction of flow in lines 86,88 from the pump 78.
Other systems of the fork lift truck 10, for example the steering, the mast extension means, lifting mechanism and means for tilting the mast, are powered by hydraulic fluid from independent source.
The hydraulic motors 72, 74 driving the rear wheels 16 of the truck 10 are connected to the pump 78 in series, so that as the inside rear wheel 16 slows down when the truck 10 is turning, the flow rate of fluid to the motor 72 driving that wheel 16 will reduce, while the flow rate of fluid to the motor 74 driving the outside rear wheel 16 will increase. The outside rear wheel 16 will thus be automatically driven at a speed greater than that of the inside rear wheel 16.
The hydraulic motor 70 driving the front wheel 40 may be connected to the pump 76 in series with the motors 72 and 74, or may be connected to the pump 78 or a separate pump, by a separate, parallel hydraulic circuit.
Various modifications may be made without departing from the invention. For example while in the embodiment described with reference to
The present invention is also applicable to pedestrian operated fork lift trucks in which the operator walks behind the truck.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0312343.7 | May 2003 | GB | national |
This application is a divisional of U.S. Application. Ser. No. 10/555,921 filed on Nov. 4, 2005, which is a National Stage completion of PCT/GB2004/002242 filed on May 26, 2004 which claims priority from British Patent Application Serial No. GB 0312343.7 filed May 30, 2003.
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|---|---|---|
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20090071757 A1 | Mar 2009 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10555921 | US | |
| Child | 12273963 | US |
