The present invention relates to a forming tool with punch according to the features in the preamble of patent claim 1.
From the state of the art it is known to produce sheet metal products by press-forming. These sheet metal components are in particular used in motor vehicle construction as structural vehicle body parts or as outer panels of a vehicle body. For these metallic materials, in particular steel materials in the form of sheet metal blanks are provided, wherein the blanks are then inserted into a press-forming tool and are formed by press-forming. For this a press-forming tool has a top die and a bottom die, wherein the top die and the bottom perform a vertical movement after which a mold cavity remains between the top die and the bottom die, which imposes a corresponding three-dimensional contour on the plate.
From the state of the art in particular the hot-forming and press-hardening technology is known in which the blank prior to heat treatment is heated above austenizing temperature, i.e., above 850° C., so that an austenization has occurred. The plate is then formed while in the hot state, because in this state it can be formed with a high degree of freedom while requiring only small forming forces. Subsequent thereto the plate is cooled fast or quenched so that the austenitic microstructure is transformed into a martensitic microstructure and thereby a significantly higher strength or hardness properties are established. A risk of delayed fracture or the occurrence of micro cracks such as in hard-cutting is thus avoided.
However, sometimes not only forming operations but also punching or cutting operations have to be performed prior to hardening because the forces required for the punching or cutting are smaller in this case and the wear of the punching or cutting tools is lower than in a hardened component.
Recesses or holes have to be introduced in particular so that screw connections can be generated or cables can be guided through. In order to generate such recesses on a component, corresponding punches are known from the state of the art. For example a combined forming and punching tool is known from DE 10 2008 034 996 B4. Hereby a corresponding hole punching operation is performed with the forming itself.
When three-dimensional, complex formed components are used or components with different wall thicknesses, inaccurate contact occurs in the mold cavity especially in the region of the punch between the top die and the bottom die and the already mostly formed plate situated there between.
In light of the state of the art it is an object of the present invention to set forth a forming tool with which it is possible independent of the wall thicknesses of the component to be produced and/or independent of the state of wear of the forming tool, to produce hole punching operations with high precision.
The aforementioned object is solved according to the invention with a forming tool according to the features of patent claim 1.
Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.
The forming tool for press-forming a plate has a top die and a bottom die, wherein when the forming tool is closed a mold cavity remains between the top die and the bottom die and a punch is provided which is movable relative to the forming tool in a direction of movement, and which can at least be moved into the mold cavity and is elastically supported with at least one degree of freedom of movement, wherein the degree of freedom of movement is oriented transverse to the direction of movement of the punch. According to the invention the punch is pivotally supported at a foot region.
Within the framework of the invention this means that the punch is non-displaceably supported in the direction of movement, i.e., the movement performed for punching, so that the punching force required for the punching is transmitted substantially rigidly in the direction of thrust. However, transverse to the direction of movement in particular an end or punch head is supported with at least one degree of freedom of movement, which extends transverse to the direction of movement. This is realized according to the invention in that a foot region of the punch is pivotally supported with a roller body or cylinder or as an alternative with a ball head. This pivotal support thus transmits the required punch force substantially thrust-rigid in the direction of movement and at the same time permits the shaft of the punch, and in particular the punch head, to move transverse to the direction of movement with at least one degree of freedom of movement.
A particular preferred embodiment is the support by means of a ball head, which can also be referred to as gimbal support. This enables the punch head to move in two translational directions respectively transverse to the direction of movement and to assume any position in a predetermined space, in particular in the following referred to as enveloping space. The punch head thus moves in an enveloping circle.
However, the punch would move about its own axis, which is undesired in particular in head termini that are not circular. For this according to the invention an anti-rotation mechanism, in particular in the form of an anti-rotation pin, is guided through the ball head, in particular so as to intersect with the center of the sphere of the ball head, so that two pin projections each project at opposing ends from the ball head. The ball head itself is supported in a ball socket, wherein grooves are provided in the ball socket into which the pin projections of the anti-rotation pin engage. These grooves together with the pin projections form a respective floating bearing with a translational degree of freedom, so that the punch cannot rotate about its longitudinal axis, but the punch head is pivotal within the predetermined enveloping circle. For example when a quadrangular or triangular hole has to be punched, a correct setting of the hole pattern is ensured by the fact that the punch head does not rotate about the longitudinal axis of the punch, which enables accommodating production tolerances with the punch.
In particular, the punch is elastically supported so that it is in a centered position or zero position in the starting state or resting state, i.e., the state prior to contact with the sheet metal to be punched. Upon contact with the sheet metal the head end can then depart from this centered position due to the pivotal support and can perform the punching. After the punching and retrieval of the punch from the created hole, the punch is returned to its centered position due to the elastic support. The forming tool according to the invention is in particular configured as hot-forming and press-hardening tool. When the forming tool is operated in a serial production, the forming tool itself is subjected to abrasive wear and/or inaccuracies occur in the region of contact between the top die and the plate and the plate and the bottom die, in particular the region of the punch, due to components with different wall thicknesses.
According to the invention the punch moves at least partially, in particular completely, into the mold cavity and particularly preferably moves through the mold cavity and thereby performs the punching. The punched out material can then be received in a region opposite the punch or the punched section can be discharged via a corresponding discharge channel. In the case the inaccuracy is such that it would lead to jamming when starting up a punch known from the state of the art, it is provided according to the invention that a further degree of freedom of movement of the punch is provided, which is arranged transverse to the direction of movement of the actual hole punching process. The punch is thus provided with a tolerance compensation capability, so that the punch can still perform the punching and at the same time does not become jammed. The elastic support is thus essentially formed in radial direction of the punch. Hereby the punch may be supported elastically in only one direction, alternatively in two opposing radial directions or it can be elastically supported radially circumferentially.
In particular this tolerance compensation is formed by a radially elastic support in connection with a slant on the head of the punch and a corresponding counter slant or inner slant on the hole of the tool opposite the punch, into which the punch moves. A corresponding tolerance compensation thus occurs during the movement in movement direction for the hole punching such that that the punch moves through the plate and due to the slant a centering relative to the opposing hole template occurs. The return movement of the punch to its starting position is caused by the radially circumferential elastic support. Within the scope of the invention it is also possible that only the punch has a slant or as an alternative the hole into which the punch moves on the opposite side has a corresponding inner slant. As an alternative the punch can also be tapered toward its free end. In particular the free end is in this case configured to have an outer radius, which is smaller than an inner radius of a corresponding opening into which the punch moves. Also in this case a self-centering would be performed in connection with the radial support.
As a result punching operations can thus be performed in a component within a forming tool, independent of the wear condition of the forming tool and/or possible inaccuracies of the contact of the plate inside the mold cavity, in particular due to different wall thicknesses and/or complex forming degrees.
A further significant advantage is that the punch not only performs a movement in the tool closing direction, i.e., a substantially vertical direction, but can perform a hole punching movement at any angle relative the vertical direction and in particular a hole punching movement in horizontal direction. For this, the punch is in particular supported on carriages, wherein the carriage is preferably drivable relative to the forming tool by a third drive source. In particular the punch is supported in the top die or in the bottom die so that the drive source then moves the punch relative to the top die or the bottom die. The drive source itself is configured mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic. Within the framework of the invention, in particular a servo drive or a hydraulic drive is used. It is also possible to provide a corresponding deflection kinematics so that the punch is connected with the press tool drive itself. The carriage is now moved for performing the punching movement in the direction of the mold cavity, wherein the punch itself is fixed as longitudinal projection on the carriage.
The punch is fixed on the carriage so that the punch is coupled thrust-rigid in movement direction at a foot region with the carriage. In particular the thrust-rigid coupling is accomplished via a cylinder or a ball head, respectively according to the principle of a sliding bearing. The cylinder makes it possible for the punch to perform a pivot movement at least by a few degrees about the cylinder axis. When using a ball head, the punch can perform a rotating pivot movement about the ball head. The punch is configured as longitudinal projection and is radially elastically supported in the direction toward its head-side end. In particular this support is accomplished by elastic support rings, which are pushed onto the punch and/or radially engage around the punch. Preferably the support rings themselves are exchangeable thus enabling a corresponding maintenance of the punch. In particular the support rings are arranged in a hollow space of the carriage or are positionally secured against axial movement with a closure ring, for example a retaining ring or a closure cap.
Within the framework of the invention, the support rings are made of a temperature resistant material so as to also withstand temperatures above 200° C. or more at least for a short period of time. As an alternative it is possible that spring elements, which engage in radial direction on the punch, are arranged which then take over the elastic support of the punch. In particular the spring elements are made of a metallic material so that they are resistant against temperatures above 200° C., in particular above 500° C.
The punch further has a slant at its head. Complementary to the slant, the opposing region of the forming tool has a slant, in particular in a region on the bottom die, for the case that the punch is supported on the top die for relative movement. The punch thus moves into the inner slant and the opening situated behind the inner slant to perform the punching movement. For this, particularly preferably an exchangeable hole plate, in the following also referred to as hole template, is provided. In an embodiment the hole and the inner slant can be introduced directly into the tool or the mold surface. When performing a serial production, however, wear may occur so that while the forming tool may still be in an acceptable condition, the inner slant and the opening situated behind the inner slant may require revision. For this the present invention provides that a hole plate is arranged in the region of the recess and the hole plate is exchangeable. This enables on one hand avoiding wear and with this costly welding works on the bottom tool during maintenance, and on the other hand exchanging the hole plate for a different positioning of the hole a re-adjustment for the punching process can be performed.
Within the framework of the Invention it is conceivable, in particular when using a press-hardening tool, that the hole plate itself is cooled again or is configured coolable. For example the hole plate is closingly arranged on a corresponding cooling channel of the bottom die or is coupled with the cooling channel, so that here heat dissipation is possible via the hole plate.
Within the framework of the invention, in particular high-strength or ultra-high strength steel plates are formed to a motor vehicle part by means of hot-forming and press-hardening. The punching itself occurs in particular prior to the actual hardening process of the plate or the formed component.
Further advantages features and properties of the present invention are the subject matter of the following description. Preferred embodiments are shown in the schematic Figures. These serve for facilitating understanding the invention. It is shown in:
a) and b) a closed forming tool with punch in a detail view prior to and after the punching;
a to d) different front views of the punch.
In the Figures the same reference signs are used for same or similar components even when a repeated description is not given for reasons of simplicity.
a) and b) show a detail view of the forming tool in a dosed state. In
In order to be able to perform an accurate punching and no jamming of the punch 6 in movement direction B occurs, the punch is in particular elastically supported orthogonal relative to its movement direction B. It is thus possible that the punch 10 is moved in the drawn-in movement direction E or is moved into the image plane or out of the Image plane, in particular by self-centering. When now inaccuracies occur upon contact or an extended wear of the top die 2 or bottom die 3 occurs, these inaccuracies can be compensated by the elastic movement of the punch 10.
According to the invention this is achieved in that the punch 10, as shown in
In order to assume a starting position after the pivot movement S the punch 10 is elastically supported in radial direction R in the sledge 11 by elastic support rings 15. The elastic support rings 15 are secured in axial direction by a securing ring 16. The securing ring 16 has also an opening 17, which can serve as delimitation so that in case of a form fitting contact between the punch 10 and the opening 17 the pivot movement S is limited in radial direction R.
For accomplishing the self-centering a circumferential slant 19 is formed on the hole die head 18 of the punch 10. According to the representation in
a) and b) shown the punch 10 or ball head 13 in a respective sectional view. The punch 10 has a ball head 13, which is situated at the foot region 12 of the punch 10. The ball head 13 is supported pivotal or rotatable in a ball socket 24. The pin projections 25 of the anti-rotation pin 14 extend laterally protruding relative to the ball head 13, wherein these are configured so that an axis, which connects them extends through the center point M of the ball head 13. The pin projections 25 are respectively arranged in a groove 26, which is set back relative to the ball socket 24. The grooves 26 are configured so that in cooperation with the pin projections 25 they form a floating bearing with an axial or translational degree of freedom. This can be seen well in
In particular the punch head 18 can hereby perform a movement, which can be well seen in
a) to d) show different front views of the punch head 18. In the case of
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10 2014 101 349.2 | Feb 2014 | DE | national |