Patent Application
20070298965
The present invention comprises a seed treatment formulation comprising
Seed treatment is a promising method for the protection of seeds against pests (fungi and insects) suitable for crop seeds such as those selected from the group of corn (sweet and field), soybean, wheat, barley, oats, rice, cotton, sunflower, alfalfa, sorghum, rapeseed, sugarbeet, Brassica spp., tomato, bean, carrot, tobacco and flower seed, for example, pansy, impatiens, petunia and geranium as described by Japan Plant Protection Association (p. 133-139 “Pesticide Application Technology”, 1998).
One of the problems the farmer is faced with is the fast release of the pesticidal agent used for seed treatment in the soil or in the water. Especially in rice seed treatment (e.g. in a seed soaking process), the release of the pesticidal agent is a huge problem because of environmental safety on the one hand and the loss of protection by the pesticidal agent against soil born fungi and insects on the other hand.
WO 01/78507 discloses a rice seed treatment formulation used in a non-soaking process, employing the polyvinylacetates, polyvinlyaclohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones and mixtures of polyurethanes as polymers for the seed treatment formulation.
WO 02/080675 discloses seed treatment formulations disclosing a wide range of polymers suitable for seed treatment formulation sharing no common chemical features.
All of the afore-mentioned formulations show release of the pesticidal agent into the environment.
Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide a formulation for seed treatment, which keeps the pesticidal agent on the seed and prevents significant release into the environment (the water or the soil), preferably during a seed soaking and/or priming process.
This object is achieved in the present invention by providing a seed treatment formulation comprising
In a preferred embodiment, the content of the carboxyl group r is at least between 0.05% (w/w) and 20% (w/w), preferably between 0.05% (w/w) and 5% (w/w), more preferably between 0,1% (w/w) and 3% (w/w).
Acrylate copolymers according to the present invention are those comprising
Preferred acrylate copolymers are those comprising
More preferred are those acrylate copolymers comprising
Most preferred are those acrylate copolymers with a composition of
In a particular preferred embodiment, the acrylate copolymers have a core shell structure. These acrylate copolymers can be prepared by known techniques, for example by a step by step emulsion polymerization technique.
In a first step the core polymers are prepared with monomers of acrylate copolymers (for definition see above) by an emulsion polymerization method. In a second step, monomers of acrylate copolymers (for definition see above) are polymerised in the presence of the dispersed core acrylate copolymers that have been prepared in the first step to generate the shell structure (see for example Wagner et al, Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Publication of University of Warwick, Center for Interfaces and Materials available under http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/chemistry/cim/research/haddleton/posters/gordon03charlie.pdf).
The acrylate copolymers set forth above not having a core shell structure have a glass transition temperature of −40° C. to 15° C., preferably of −30° C. to 10° C., more preferably −30° C. to 5° C., most preferably −25° C. to −5° C.
The inner core of the acrylate copolymers with core shell structure has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of −60° C. to 5° C., preferably of −40° C. to 0° C., more preferably of −30° C. to −5° C.
The outer shell of the acrylate copolymers with core shell structure has a Tg of 20° C. to 150° C., preferably of 80° C. to 130° C.
Ethylene vinyl acetate polymers according to the present invention are consisting mainly of ethylene and vinyl acetate and may also comprise acrylic acid. The ethylene vinyl acetate polymers according to the present invention have a glass transition temperature of −25° C. to −5° C.
Most preferred are those ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers with a composition of ethylene from 10% (w/w) to 40% (w/w) and vinyl acetate from 60% (w/w) to 90% (w/w) and acrylic acid from 0% (w/w) to 4% (w/w).
The above-mentioned vinyl acetate copolymers may be also partially hydrolysed to the respective vinyl alcohols.
Styrene butadiene rubber latex polymers according to the present invention comprise
The styrene butadiene rubber latex copolymers have a glass transition temperature of −40° C. to 15° C., preferably of −30° C. to 10° C., more preferably −30° C. to 5° C., most preferably −25° C. to −5° C.
Preferred are acrylate copolymers and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers as defined above. The acrylate copolymers as defined above are the most preferred ones.
The glass transition temperature of the polymers, copolymers is determined by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). All samples were dried at 110° C. for one hour to eliminate the effect of water/solvent on Tg of copolymers. DSC sample size is about 10-15 mg. The measurement is usually carried out from −100° C. to 100° C. at 20° C./min under N2-atomosphere. The Tg is determined by midpoint of the transition region.
All polymers and copolymers mentioned above, are herein below termed as “sticker” or “stickers”.
The present invention comprises the use of a sticker for the preparation of a seed treatment formulation.
The pesticidal agent is either at least one fungicide or at least one insecticide or a mixture consisting of fungicide and at least one insecticide; or at least one herbicide and/or a safener or a mixture comprising a herbicide and/or a safener and at least one pesticidal agent selected from the group consisting of fungicides and insecticides. Preferably, the active ingredient is at least one fungicide or at least one insecticide or a mixture consisting of at least one fungicide and at least one insecticide.
The term safener has the following meaning: It is known that in some cases better crop plant compatibility can be achieved by joint application of specifically acting herbicides with organic active compounds, some of which are themselves herbicidally active. In these cases, the active compounds act as antidote or antagonist, and, owing to the fact that they can reduce or even prevent damage to the crop plants, they are herein referred to as safeners.
The fungicide is selected from the group consisting of
The insecticide is selected from the group consisting of
The herbicide is selected from the group consisting of
b1) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors such as chlorazifop, clodinafop, clofop, cyhalofop, di-clofop, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-p, fenthiaprop, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P, isoxapyrifop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-P, trifop, alloxydim, butroxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim, cycloxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim, butylate, cycloate, diallate, dimepiperate, EPTC, esprocarb, ethiolate, isopolinate, methiobencarb, molinate, orbencarb, pebulate, prosulfocarb, sulfallate, thiobencarb, tiocarbazil, triallate, vernolate, benfuresate, ethofumesate and bensulide;
b2) ALS inhibitors such as amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metsulfuron, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, triasulfuron, tribenuron, trifloxysulfuron, triflusulfuron, tritosulfuron, imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, cloransulam, diclosulam, florasulam, flumetsulam, metosulam, penoxsulam, bispyribac, pyriminobac, propoxycarbazone, flucarbazone, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid and pyrithiobac;
b3) photosynthesis inhibitors such as atraton, atrazine, ametryne, aziprotryne, cyanazine, cyanatryn, chlorazine, cyprazine, desmetryne, dimethametryne, dipropetryn, eglinazine, ipazine, mesoprazine, methometon, methoprotryne, procyazine, proglinazine, prometon, prometryne, propazine, sebuthylazine, secbumeton, simazine, simeton, simetryne, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryne, trietazine, ametridione, amibuzin, hexazinone, isomethiozin, metamitron, metribuzin, bromacil, isocil, lenacil, terbacil, brompyrazon, chloridazon, dimidazon, desmedipham, phenisopham, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, benzthiazuron, buthiuron, ethidimuron, isouron, methabenzthiazuron, monoisouron, tebuthiuron, thiazafluoron, anisuron, buturon, chlorbromuron, chloreturon, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, difenoxuron, dimefuron, diuron, fenuron, fluometuron, fluothiuron, isoproturon, linuron, methiuron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, monuron, neburon, parafluoron, phenobenzuron, siduron, tetrafluoron, thidiazuron, cyperquat, diethamquat, difenzoquat, diquat, morfamquat, paraquat, bromobonil, bromoxynil, chloroxynil, iodobonil, loxynil, amicarbazone, bromofenoxim, flumezin, methazole, bentazone, propanil, pentanochlor, pyridate, and pyridafol;
b4) protoporphyrinogen-IX oxidase inhibitors such as acifluorfen, bifenox, chlomethoxyfen, chlornitrofen, ethoxyfen, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen, fluoronitrofen, fomesafen, furyloxyfen, halosafen, lactofen, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen, oxyfluorfen, fluazolate, pyraflufen, cinidon-ethyl, flumiclorac, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, fluthiacet, thidiazimin, oxadiazon, oxadiargyl, azafenidin, carfentrazone, sulfentrazone, pentoxazone, benzfendizone, butafenacil, pyraclonil, profluazol, flufenpyr, flupropacil, nipyraclofen and etnipromid;
b5) bleacher herbicides such as metflurazon, norflurazon, flufenican, diflufenican, picolinafen, beflubutamid, fluridone, fluorochloridone, flurtamone, mesotrione, sulcotrione, isoxachlortole, isoxaflutole, benzofenap, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, benzobicyclon, amitrole, clomazone, aclonifen, 4-(3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyrimidine, and also 3-heterocyclyl-substituted benzoyl derivatives of the formula II (see in WO 96/26202, WO 97/41116, WO 97/41117 and WO 97/41118)
in which the variables R8 to R13 are as defined below:
R8, R10 are hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-haloalkoxy, C1-C6-alkylthio, C1-C6-alkylsulfinyl or C1-C6-alkylsulfonyl;
R9 is a heterocyclic radical selected from the group consisting of such as thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, thiazol-5-yl, isoxazol-3-yl, isoxazol-4-yl, isoxazol-5-yl, 4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl, 4,5-dihydroisoxazol-4-yl and 4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl, where the nine radicals mentioned may be unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted, e.g. mono-, di-, tri- or tetrasubstituted, by halogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-haloalkyl, C1-C4-haloalkoxy or C1-C4-alkylthio;
R11 is hydrogen, halogen or C1-C6-alkyl;
R12 is C1-C6-alkyl;
R13 is hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl.
b6) EPSP synthase inhibitors such as glyphosate;
b7) glutamine synthase inhibitors such as glufosinate and bilanaphos;
b8) DHP synthase inhibitors such as asulam;
b9) mitose inhibitors such as benfluralin, butralin, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, isopropalin, methalpropalin, nitralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, profluralin, trifluralin, amiprofos-methyl, butamifos, dithiopyr, thiazopyr, propyzamide, tebutam, chlorthal, carbetamide, chlorbufam, chlorpropham and propham;
b10) VLCFA inhibitors such as acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, butenachlor, delachlor, diethatyl, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, metazachlor, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, propisochlor, prynachlor, terbuchlor, thenylchlor, xylachlor, allidochlor, CDEA, epronaz, diphenamid, napropamide, naproanilide, pethoxamid, flufenacet, mefenacet, fentrazamide, anilofos, piperophos, cafenstrole, indanofan and tridiphane;
b11) cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors such as dichlobenil, chlorthiamid, isoxaben and flupoxam;
b12) decoupler herbicides such as dinofenate, dinoprop, dinosam, dinoseb, dinoterb, DNOC, etinofen and medinoterb;
b13) auxin herbicides such as clomeprop, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, MCPA, MCPA thioethyl, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, mecoprop, mecoprop-P, 2,4-DB, MCPB, chloramben, dicamba, 2,3,6-TBA, tricamba, quinclorac, quinmerac, clopyralid, fluoroxypyr, picloram, triclopyr and benazolin;
b14) auxin transport inhibitors such as naptalam, diflufenzopyr;
b15) benzoylprop, flamprop, flamprop-M, bromobutide, chlorflurenol, cinmethylin, methyldymron, etobenzanid, fosamine, metam, pyributicarb, oxaziclomefone, dazomet, triaziflam and methyl bromide.
preferably from
butylate, diallate, methiobencarb, molinate, prosulfocarb, thiobencarb, triallate, ethofumesate, cyclosulfamuron, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metsulfuron, prosulfuron, triasulfuron, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, metosulam, atrazine, ametryne, cyanazine, terbuthylazine, terbutryne, metamitron, metribuzin, lenacil, chloridazon, chlorotoluron, dimefuron, diuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, linuron, monolinuron, neburon, propanil, sulfentrazone, diflufenican, picolinafen, fluorochloridone, flurtamone, mesotrione, isoxaflutole, clomazone, glyphosate, glufosinate, asulam, benfluralin, butralin, ethalfluralin, pendimethalin, trifluralin, propyzamide, carbetamide, acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, metazachlor, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, napropamide, flufenacet, mefenacet, tridiphane, isoxaben, flupoxam, dicamba, quinclorac, quinmerac, picloram, cinmethylin, metam and dazomet.
The safener is selected from the group consisting of
benoxacor, cloquintocet, cyometrinil, dichlormid, dicyclonon, dietholate, fenchlorazole, fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen, mefenpyr, mephenate, naphthalic anhydride, 2,2,5-trimethyl-3-(dichloroacetyl)-1,3-oxazolidine (R-29148), 4-(dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane (AD-67; MON 4660) and oxabetrinil.
Furthermore, the formulation optionally comprises formulation auxiliaries such as
Optionally, also pigments can be included in the formulation. Suitable pigments or dyes for seed treatment formulations are pigment blue 15:4, pigment blue 15:3, pigment blue 15:2, pigment blue 15:1, pigment blue 80, pigment yellow 1, pigment yellow 13, pigment red 112, pigment red 48:2, pigment red 48:1, pigment red 57:1, pigment red 53:1, pigment orange 43, pigment orange 34, pigment orange 5, pigment green 36, pigment green 7, pigment white 6, pigment brown 25, basic violet 10, basic violet 49, acid red 51, acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23, basic red 10, basic red 108.
Conventional seed treatment formulations include for example flowable concentrates FS, solutions LS, powders for dry treatment DS, water dispersible powders for slurry treatment WS, water-soluble powders SS and emulsion ES and EC. Application to the seeds is carried out before sowing, either directly on the seeds or after having pre-germinated the latter, more preferably as FS formulation.
In the seed treatment formulation the amount of sticker is between 0.1 and 15% (w/w), preferably between 0.5 and 12% (w/w), most preferably 1.0-8% (w/w) on a solid content base.
The amounts of the pesticidal agent and formulation auxiliaries vary from formulation type to formulation type. The skilled artisan is familiar with the determination of the amounts necessary for the respective formulation.
For example, a FS formulation for seed treatment, e.g. for rice typically comprises; from 0.5 to 80% of the pesticidal agent; from 0.5 to 20% of a surfactant (a); from 0.1 to 5% of a thickener (d); from 5 to 20% of an anti-freeze agent (e); from 0.1 to 2% of an anti-foam agent (f); from 0% to 75% of a filler/vehicle (c); and from 0.01 to 1% of a biocide (g); and from 0 to 20% of a pigment and/or a dye. To this formulation, a sticker can be then added in the amounts set forth above.
The preparation of the respective formulations is known by the skilled artisan (see e.g. for review U.S. Pat. No. 3,060,084, EP-A 707 445 (for liquid concentrates), Browning, “Agglomeration”, Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, 147-48, Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963, pages 8-57 and et seq. WO 91/13546, U.S. Pat. No. 4,172,714, U.S. Pat. No. 4,144,050, U.S. Pat. No. 3,920,442, U.S. Pat. No. 5,180,587, U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,701, U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,030, GB 2,095,558, U.S. Pat. No. 3,299,566, Klingman, Weed Control as a Science, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1961, Hance et al., Weed Control Handbook, 8th Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1989 and Mollet, H., Grubemann, A., Formulation technology, Wiley VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim (Germany), 2001, 2. D. A. Knowles, Chemistry and Technology of Agrochemical Formulations, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1998 (ISBN 0-7514-0443-8).
The sticker can be used in form of an emulsion, dispersion or solution in a solvent as defined above.
In one embodiment of the invention, a seed treatment formulation can be prepared based on the sticker, pesticidal agent and optionally the formulation auxiliaries.
In an other embodiment of the invention, a formulation can be prepared based on the pesticidal agent and optionally the formulation auxiliaries mentioned above in a first step. Alternatively, a commercial available formulation can be used. In a second step, the sticker is added to the prepared formulation comprising at least one pesticidal agent and the formulation auxiliaries or to the commercial available formulation. This method is suitable not only for solid formulations, which are, in a first step dispersed in water, to which afterwards the sticker is added, but also for the liquid formulations, which are, in a first step dispersed/diluted in water, to which afterwards the sticker is added.
In an other embodiment, the formulation comprising formulation auxilaries and at least one pesticidal agent (or a commercial available formulation) and a sticker solution are applied to the seeds together or consecutively.
All embodiments of the seed treatment formulation mentioned above are herein below termed as “formulation according to the invention”.
The formulation according to the invention can be used for the treatment of crop seeds such as those selected from the group of field crop seeds, such as corn/maize (sweet and field), durum wheat, soybean, wheat, barley, oats, rye, triticale, rice, cotton, sunflower, potato, pasture, alfalfa, grasses, turf, sorghum, rapeseed, Brassica spp., and sugar beet, vegetable crop seeds, such as tomato, lettuce, iceberg lettuce, pepper, cucumber, squash, melon, bean, peas, leek, garlic, onion, cabbage, carrot, tuber such as sugar cane, special crops seeds, such as tobacco, and ornamental seed, for example, pansy, impatiens, petunia and geranium, preferably seeds, which can be treated with seed treatment formulations in a seed priming process, such as vegetable crop seeds, special crop seeds such as tobacco and ornamental seed; sugar beet, corn and rice; most preferably for rice.
The invention furthermore comprises seeds treated with a formulation according to the invention, wherein preferably the seeds are selected from the group consisting of the group of field crop seeds, such as corn/maize (sweet and field), durum wheat soybean, wheat, barley, oats, rye, triticale, rice, cotton, sunflower, potato, pasture, alfalfa, grasses, turf, sorghum, rapeseed, Brassica spp., and sugar beet, vegetable crop seeds, such as tomato, lettuce, iceberg lettuce, pepper, cucumber, squash, melon, bean, peas, leek, garlic, onion, cabbage, carrot, tuber such as sugar cane, special crops seeds, such as tobacco, and ornamental seed, for example, pansy, impatiens, petunia and geranium, preferably seeds, which can be treated with seed treatment formulations in a seed priming process, such as vegetable crop seeds, special crop seeds such as tobacco and ornamental seed, sugar beet, corn and rice; most preferably rice.
The seeds can be hulled, unhulled or partly hulled, preferably hulled.
The present invention also comprises seeds treated with a formulation according to the present invention.
The invention furthermore comprises a method for the treatment of seeds prior sowing with a formulation according to the present invention comprising the following steps:
In a preferred embodiment, the solvent is water. As mentioned above, it is also possible to apply a formulation (e.g. a commercial available formulation) and the sticker separately to the seeds, which means that formulation and a sticker, which is optionally diluted in a solvent e.g. water are applied together or in succession.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the seed can be treated with a formulation according to the invention and/or a formulation (e.g. a commercial available formulation comprising one, two or more pesticidal agent(s)) not comprising a sticker.
For example, seeds can be treated
Optionally, a third layer can be generated applying a third formulation different from the first and second formulation of step (1) and (2) of the above-mentioned coated seeds (a), (b) or (c).
In a preferred embodiment, there are basically four methods for the treatment of seeds with a formulation according to the invention, namely submergence or soaking, coating, dry seed treatment and spray seed treatment (for review see e.g. Japan Plant Protection Association (p. 133-139 “Pesticide Application Technology”, 1998; ASGROW Reports: Seed treatments: Trends and Opportunities, 2002):
In a particular preferred embodiment of the invention, the seeds can treated with a formulation according to the present invention in a seed priming process (for review see: ASGROW Reports: Seed treatments: Trends and Opportunities, 2002; Khan et al.: International Journal of Agricultural Botany, 2003; SeedQuest@seedquest.com. Typically, such process comprises the following steps:
The treatment of seeds with a formulation according to the present invention can be done as explained above.
The seed priming process or “pre-sowing hydration treatment” is a seed enhancement process for improving the germination characteristics of seeds. Priming is accomplished by partially hydrating seed and maintaining it under defined moisture, temperature and aeration conditions for a prescribed period of time. For such process, the seeds are treated with precisely controlled conditions to allow most events of germination to occur while preventing the seeds from actually sprouting. The process involves the use of normal, natural conditions, that are controlled in a way to manipulate the activities in the seed. Generally, seeds priming can be conducted through
In this state, the seeds are hydrated and desirable metabolic activity is switched on. This triggers important pre-germination physiological steps, such as repair of membranes, DNA and RNA synthesis and repair, development of immature embryos, alteration of tissues covering the embryo, destruction or removal of dormancy blocks and general pre-germination metabolism enhancement. At the conclusion of the priming process, the seed is re-dried to its storage moisture level to promote good storage. It is understood that once the framework for actual germination is built and the seeds are dried down to stable moisture levels, planting of the seeds in the field will activate the final germination process through contact with moisture in the soil or cultivation media.
The gains made in priming are not lost following dry-back of the seed. Following the priming process, seed is physiologically closer to germination because of the following reasons (see for review ASGROW Reports: Seed treatments: Trends and Opportunities, 2002; Khan et al.: International Journal of Agricultural Botany, 2003):
The term “pre-sowing hydration treatment” or priming includes
Two techniques can be used for non-controlled water uptake:
Three techniques can be used for controlled water uptake (see for review ASGROW Reports: Seed treatments: Trends and Opportunities, 2002; Khan et al.: International Journal of Agricultural Botany, 2003; Seed Quest @ seedquest.com):
In a particular preferred embodiment, the seeds treated with a formulation according to the invention are used in a non-controlled seed priming or soaking process for rice (N. Slaton and R Cartwright: Water-Seeded Rice. in: Rice Production Handbook, University of Arkansas Publication, Arkansas, USA).
In seed priming process, especially in a non-controlled seed priming process for rice seeds treated with a formulation according to the invention a prolonged protection of the seed against phytopathogenic fungi and insects up to 120 days can be achieved, which is superior to the nursery box treatment.
The invention furthermore comprises a method for the control of undesired vegetation and/or combating phytopathogenic insects and/or phytopathogenic fungi comprising applying a formulation according the invention to seeds prior sowing. Preferably, the invention furthermore comprises a method for combating soil insects and/or fungi comprising applying a formulation according the invention to seeds prior sowing. The seeds can be treated with the formulation according to the present invention as mentioned above.
The term phytopathogenic fungi includes but is not limited to
Alternaria species on vegetables and fruit and rice,
Bipolaris and Drechslera species on cereals, rice and turf,
Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew) on cereals,
Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) on strawberries, vegetables, ornamentals and grapevines,
Erysiphe cichoracearum and Sphaerotheca fuliginea on cucurbits,
Fusarium and Verticillium species on various plants,
Mycosphaerella species on cereals, bananas and peanuts,
Phakopsara pachyrhizi and Phakopsara meibomiae on soybeans
Phytophthora infestans on potatoes and tomatoes,
Plasmopara viticola on grapevines,
Podosphaera leucotricha on apples,
Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides on wheat and barley,
Pseudoperonospora species on hops and cucumbers,
Puccinia species on cereals,
Pyricularia oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus and Corticium sasakii (Rhizoctonia solani), Fusarium semitectum (and/or moniliforme), Helminth. Spp, Cercospora oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Sarocladium oryzae, S attenuatum, Entyloma oryzae, Gibberella fujikuroi (bakanae), Grainstaining complex (various pathogens), and/or Pythium on rice,
Rhizoctonia species on cotton, rice and turf,
Septoria tritici and Stagonospora nodorum on wheat,
Uncinula necator on grapevines,
Ustilago species on cereals and sugar cane, and
Venturia species (scab) on apples and pears;
preferably the species
Alternaria ssp., Pyricularia oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus and Corticium sasakii (Rhizoctonia solani), Fusarium semitectum (and/or moniliforme), Helminth. Spp, Cercospora oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Sarocladium oryzae, S attenuatum, Entyloma oryzae, Gibberella fujikuroi (bakanae), Grainstaining complex (various pathogens), and/or Pythium on rice.
The term phytopathogenic insect includes but is not limited to
insects from the order of the lepidopterans (Lepidoptera), for example Agrotis ypsilon, Agrotis segetum, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Argyresthia conjugella, Autographa gamma, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia murinana, Capua reticulana, Cheimatobia brumata, Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis, Cirphis unipuncta, Cydia pomonella, Dendrolimus pini, Diaphania nitidalis, Diatraea grandiosella, Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Evetria bouliana, Feltia subterranea, Galleria mellonella, Grapholitha funebrana, Grapholitha molesta, Heliothis armigera, Heliothis virescens, Heliothis zea, Hellula undalis, Hibernia defoliaria, Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeuta malinellus, Keiferia lycopersicella, Lamb-dina fiscellaria, Laphygma exigua, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocol-letis blancardella, Lobesia botrana, Loxostege sticticalis, Lymantria dispar, Lymantria monacha, Lyonetia clerkella, Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Orgyia pseu-dotsugata, Ostrinia nubilalis, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Phalera bucephala, Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris brassicae, Plathypena scabra, Plutella xylostella, Pseudoplusia includens, Rhyacionia frus-trana, Scrobipalpula absoluta, Sitotroga cerealella, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia ni and Zeiraphera canadensis,
beetles (Coleoptera), for example Agrilus sinuatus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscurus, Amphimallus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus pomorum, Atomaria linearis, Blastophagus piniperda, Blitophaga undata, Bruchus rufi-manus, Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus lentis, Byctiscus betulae, Cassida nebulosa, Cero-toma trifurcata, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Ceuthorrhynchus napi, Chaetocnema tibi-alis, Conoderus vespertinus, Crioceris asparagi, Diabrotica longicornis, Diabrotica 12-punctata, Diabrotica virgifera, Epilachna varivestis, Epitrix hirtipennis, Eutinobothrus brasiliensis, Hylobius abietis, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, Ips typographus, Lema bilineata, Lema melanopus, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Limonius californicus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Melanotus communis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha hippocastani, Melolontha melolontha, Oulema oryzae, Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus, Otiorrhynchus ovatus, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Phyllophaga sp., Phyllopertha horticola, Phyllotreta nemorum, Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia japonica, Sitona lineatus and Sitophilus granaria,
dipterans (Diptera), for example Aedes aegypti, Aedes vexans, Anastrepha ludens, Anopheles maculipennis, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomya bezziana, Chrysomya hominivorax, Chrysomya macellaria, Contarinia sorghicola, Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culex pipiens, Dacus cucurbitae, Dacus oleae, Dasineura brassicae, Fannia canicularis, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Glossina morsitans, Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hylemyia platura, Hypoderma lineata, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza trifolii, Lucilia caprina, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Lycoria pectoralis, Mayetiola destructor, Musca domestica, Muscina stabulans, Oestrus ovis, Oscinella frit, Pegomya hysocyami, Phorbia antiqua, Phorbia brassicae, Phorbia coarctata, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagoletis pomonella, Tabanus bovinus, Tipula oleracea and Tipula paludosa,
thrips (Thysanoptera), e.g. Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici, Scirtothrips citri, Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi and Thrips tabaci,
hymenopterans (Hymenoptera), e.g. Athalia rosae, Atta cephalotes, Atta sexdens, Atta texana, Hoplocampa minuta, Hoplocampa testudinea, Monomorium pharaonis, Solenopsis geminata and Solenopsis invicta,
heteropterans (Heteroptera), e.g. Acrosternum hilare, Blissus leucopterus, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedius, Eurygaster integriceps, Euschistus impictiventris, Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus pratensis, Nezara viridula, Piesma quadrata, Solubea insularis and Thyanta perditor, homopterans (Homoptera), e.g. Acyrthosiphon onobrychis, Adelges laricis, Aphidula nasturtii, Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis pomi, Aphis gossypii, Aphis grossulariae, Aphis schneideri, Aphis spiraecola, Aphis sambuci, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aulacorthum solani, Brachycaudus cardui, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, Brachycaudus prunicola, Brevicoryne brassicae, Capitophorus horni, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Cryptomyzus ribis, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Dysaphis radicola, Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis pyri, Empoasca fabae, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Macrosiphum avenae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosiphon rosae, Megoura viciae, Melanaphis pyrarius, Metopolophium dirhodum, Myzodes persicae, Myzus ascalonicus, Myzus cerasi, Myzus varians, Nasonovia ribis-nigri, Nilaparvata lugens, Pemphigus bursarius, Perkinsiella saccharicida, Phorodon humuli, Psylla mali, Psylla piri, Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi, Rhopalosiphum insertum, Sappaphis mala, Sappaphis mali, Schizaphis graminum, Schizoneura lanuginosa, Sitobion avenae, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Toxoptera aurantiiand, and Viteus vitifolii;
termites (Isoptere), e.g. Calotermes flavicollis, Leucotermes flavipes, Reticulitermes lucifugus and Termes natalensis;
orthopterans (Orthoptera), e.g. Acheta domestica, Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Forficula auricularia, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus, Melanoplus femur-rubrum, Melanoplus mexicanus, Melanoplus sanguinipes, Melanoplus spretus, Nomadacris septemfasciata, Periplaneta americana, Schistocerca americana, Schistocerca peregrina, Stauronotus maroccanus and Tachycines asynamorus;
Arachnoidea, such as arachnids (Acarina), e.g. of the families Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, such as Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma variegatum, Argas persicus, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Boophilus microplus, Dermacentor silvarum, Hyalomma truncatum, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes rubicundus, Ornithodorus moubata, Otobius megnini, Dermanyssus gallinae, Psoroptes ovis, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Sarcoptes scabiei, and Eriophyidae spp. such as Aculus schlechtendali, Phyllocoptrata oleivora and Eriophyes sheldoni; Tarsonemidae spp. such as Phytonemus pallidus and Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Tenuipalpidae spp. such as Brevipalpus phoenicis; Tetranychidae spp. such as Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychus telarius and Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Panonychus citri, and oligonychus pratensis;
Nematodes, especially plant parasitic nematodes such as root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, and other Meloidogyne species; cyst-forming nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis and other Globodera species; Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodera trifolii, and other Heterodera species; Seed gall nematodes, Anguina species; Stem and foliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides species; Sting nematodes, Belonolaimus longicaudatus and other Belonolaimus species; Pine nematodes, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and other Bursaphelenchus species; Ring nematodes, Criconema species, Criconemella species, Criconemoides species, Mesocriconema species; Stem and bulb nematodes, Ditylenchus destructor, Ditylenchus dipsaci and other Ditylenchus species; Awl nematodes, Dolichodorus species; Spiral nematodes, Heliocotylenchus multicinctus and other Helicotylenchus species; Sheath and sheathoid nematodes, Hemicycliophora species and Hemicriconemoides species; Hirshmanniella species; Lance nematodes, Hoploaimus species; false rootknot nematodes, Nacobbus species; Needle nematodes, Longidorus elongatus and other Longidorus species; Lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus curvitatus, Pratylenchus goodeyi and other Pratylenchus species; Burrowing nematodes, Radopholus similis and other Radopholus species; Reniform nematodes, Rotylenchus robustus and other Rotylenchus species; Scutellonema species; Stubby root nematodes, Trichodorus primitivus and other Trichodorus species, Paratrichodorus species; Stunt nematodes, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Tylenchorhynchus dubius and other Tylenchorhynchus species; Citrus nematodes, Tylenchulus species; Dagger nematodes, Xiphinema species; and other plant parasitic nematode species;
and rice pathogens such as rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzaphilus), rice stem borer (Chilo suppresalis), rice leaf roller, rice leaf beetle, rice leaf miner (Agromyca oryzae), leafhoppers (Nephotettix spp.; especially smaller brown leafhopper, green rice leafhopper), planthoppers (Delphecidae; especially white backed planthopper, brown rice planthopper), stinkbugs;
preferably the rice pathogens such as rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzaphilus), rice stem borer (Chilo suppresalis), rice leaf roller, rice leaf beetle, rice leaf miner (Agromyca oryzae), leafhoppers (Nephoteftix spp.; especially smaller brown leafhopper, green rice leafhopper), planthoppers (Delphacidae; especially white backed planthopper, brown rice planthopper), stinkbugs.
The control of undesired vegetation is understood as meaning the destruction of weeds. Weeds, in the broadest sense, are understood as meaning all those plants which grow in locations where they are undesired, for example:
Dicotyledonous weeds of the genera: Sinapis, Lepidium, Galium, Stellaria, Matricaria, Anthemis, Galinsoga, Chenopodium, Urtica, Senecio, Amaranthus, Portulaca, Xanthium, Convolvulus, Ipomoea, Polygonum, Sesbania, Ambrosia, Cirsium, Carduus, Sonchus, Solanum, Rorippa, Rotala, Lindernia, Lamium, Veronica, Abutilon, Emex, Datura, Viola, Galeopsis, Papaver, Centaurea, Trifolium, Ranunculus, Taraxacum.
Monocotyledonous weeds of the genera: Echinochloa, Setaria, Panicum, Digitaria, Phleum, Poa, Festuca, Eleusine, Brachiaria, Lolium, Bromus, Avena, Cyperus, Sorghum, Agropyron, Cynodon, Monochoria, Fimbristyslis, Sagittaria, Eleocharis, Scirpus, Paspalum, Ischaemum, Sphenoclea, Dactyloctenium, Agrostis, Alopecurus, Apera.
The seeds are treated with of the pesticidal agent in a range from 0,1 g to 10 kg of pesticidal agent per 100 kg of seeds, desirably from 1 g to 5 kg pesticidal agent per 100 kg of seeds, more desirably from 1 g to 2,5 kg per 100 kg of seeds.
The invention is illustrated in greater detail by the examples which follow.
The trade names of the stickers are compiled in table 1.
A-1) Preparation of Suspension Concentrate of Table 2
Approx. 400 ml of water were introduced into a container, and the amounts of the formulation auxiliaries (surfactants and antifoam) and fungicide (orysastrobin) listed in table 2 were added and the mixture was homogenized. The resulting suspension is ground by means of a wet beads mill, and thickened with the amount of thickener and Biocide (see table 2), which had been predispersed in 98 ml of water. The volume of the suspension was made up to 1000 ml with water and antifreezing agent.
For Rice Seed Coating, a 3.2 ml FS-formulation having the composition indicated in table 2 is stirred with the respective sticker solution listed in table 1 and diluted with 5-7 ml water for 100 g rice seed. The resulting aqueous suspension and water are dropped onto the tumbling seeds in a tumbler [TY-NEE Tumbler (A. E. Aubin)] and incubated for 5-10 min. Afterwards, the coated seeds are completely dried by air at room temperature.
5 g of the seeds coated according to A) 1 were soaked into one liter of water at room temperature (20° C.) and the remaining active ingredient on seeds was assayed by extraction periodically at 2 days, 5 days and 8 days. According to the normal rice seed germination process, the whole water was replaced by fresh water at 3 days and 6 days, twice during seed soaking in order to supply oxygen to seeds. The results shown in table 3 demonstrate that seeds coated with sticker showed excellent remaining rate (>80%) of active ingredients on the seeds after eight days soaking with water replaced twice, whereas seeds without sticker showed only a low remaining rate.
1)FS formulation of table 2
2)g/32 kg seed
For 100 g wheat seed coating, the respective FS formulation is diluted with a small amount of water. The FS formulation and respective sticker emulsion are dropped onto the tumbling seeds in a tumbler and incubated for 15-20 min.
Afterwards, the coated seeds are dried by air at room temperature (25° C.).
As indicated in table 4, the seeds coated with sticker showed excellent remaining rate (>80%) of active ingredients on the seeds after 24 h soaking with water at room temperature, whereas seeds without sticker showed only a low remaining rate.
1)[g]/per 100 kg seeds
2)see table 2, No. 4
3)see table 2, No. 5
4)see table 2, No. 3
5)see table 2, No. 2
Rice seeds of rice cv. Koshihikari coated according to example 2A were soaked in the solution with the standard seed disinfectants ipconazole and copper hydroxide) to control seed-born diseases, and then soaked in water until germination. After seed disinfection, rice seeds soaked in water until germination characterized by plumule just breaking seed hull. The germinated seeds are seeded on bed soil in a seedling box (normally 30×60×3 cm) at desired seeding density and covered with topsoil. After seeding, the seedling boxes are incubated at desired temperature (normally ranging 25-30 C) till emergence characterized by coleoptile breaking the soil surface. After confirming the emergence, the seedling boxes are transferred to the place under light to continue seedling nursery till transplanting.
In the field, blast-infected (Pyricularia oryzae) rice seedlings were transplanted throughout the rice field. As for sheath blight, mycelia as inoculated were spread in the rice field.
For assessment of the data, the damage index of sheath blight was computed after standard (Hashiba method), which is based on the evaluation on the number of infected plants and vertical development of the disease symptoms in the certain sampling plot. The determination of panicle blast has been made by counting the number of panicles attached by neck blast and ranked by classes.
The data summarized in table 5 showed that the seeds coated with a sticker according to the invention were nearly not affected by the rice blast.
1)g/32 kg seed; FS formulation (see table 2, No. 1)
2)Control percentage = (infection of the untreated − infection of treatment)/(infection of the untreated) × 100
3)Pyricularia oryzae
4)Cortitium sasakii
5)21.7% infection
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 04003391.2 | Feb 2004 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP05/01434 | 2/12/2005 | WO | 8/9/2006 |
