Formulations for cleaning hard surfaces based on at least partly branched-chain alkyl oligoglucosides

Information

  • Patent Grant
  • 6555515
  • Patent Number
    6,555,515
  • Date Filed
    Friday, December 6, 1996
    28 years ago
  • Date Issued
    Tuesday, April 29, 2003
    21 years ago
Abstract
The invention relates to new formulations for cleaning hard surfaces containing—based on the formulation—1 to 50% by weight of alkyl oligoglucosides corresponding to formula (I):R1O—[G]p  (I)in which R1 is an at least partly branched alkyl radical containing 9 to 11 carbon atoms, G is a glucose unit and p is a number of 1.4 to 2.0. The products are distinguished by an improved cleaning performance in relation to formulations based on linear alkyl oligoglucosides.
Description




BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION




1. Field of the Invention




This invention relates to formulations containing selected alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides for cleaning hard surfaces.




2. Description of the Related Art




Cleaning formulations containing alkyl oligoglucosides are already known from a number of prior art publications, cf. European patent applications EP-A 0 199 765, EP-A 0 210 270, EP-A 0 214 285, EP-A 216 301, EP-A 0 282 863 (Henkel), EP-A 0 572 776 (Hüls), EP-A 0 388 810, EP-A 0 510 870 (Kao) and International patent application WO 92/03582 (R&C). However, these publications only disclose the use of linear alkyl oligoglucosides with an average degree of polymerization of 1.3 to 1.4.




However, it has been found in the past that corresponding formulations are not always satisfactory in regard to their performance properties. Thus, glucoside-containing cleaning formulations show inadequacies in their cleaning effect against obstinate soils. They are occasionally difficult to thicken, i.e. problems are involved in adjusting the viscosity of the products to a value which is low enough to facilitate easy dispensing, but high enough to ensure that the product does not flow too quickly off vertical surfaces. Finally, foaming power, for example in the case of carpet shampoos and oven cleaners, is not always satisfactory. Accordingly, the problem addressed by the present invention was to remedy these deficiencies.




Description of the Invention




The present invention relates to formulations for cleaning hard surfaces which contain—based on the formulation—from 1 to 50, preferably from 1.5 to 15 and more preferably from 2 to 8% by weight of alkyl oligoglucosides corresponding to formula (I):






R


1


O—[G]


p


  (I)






in which R


1


is an at least partly branched alkyl radical containing 9 to 11 carbon atoms, G is a glucose unit and p is a number of 1.4 to 2.0 and preferably a number of 1.5 to 1.7.




It has surprisingly been found that alkyl oligoglucosides based on short-chain oxoalcohols show better cleaning power than glucosides based on linear fatty alcohols of comparable chain length and DP within a selected degree of polymerization (DP) range. The products may readily be adjusted to an in-use viscosity and provides an adequate amount of stable foam, even in the presence of strong alkalis.




Alkyl Oligoglucosides




Alkyl oligoglucosides are known nonionic surfactants which may be obtained by the relevant methods of preparative organic chemistry. EP-A1-0 301 298 and WO 90/03977 are cited as representative of the extensive literature available on the subject. The index p in general formula (I) indicates the degree of oligomerization (DP degree), i.e. the distribution of mono- and oligoglycosides. Whereas p in a given compound must always be an integer, the value p for a certain alkyl oligoglycoside is an analytically determined calculated quantity which is mostly a broken number. The alkyl radical R


1


may be derived from primary alcohols containing 9 to 11 carbon atoms. Preferred starting materials are oxoalcohols with a corresponding chain length which may contain 5 to 25 mole-% of branched species from their production. The preferred starting material for the production of the alkyl oligoglucosides is an oxoalcohol marketed by Shell under the name of DOBANOL® 91.




Surfactants




In addition to the glycosides, the formulations according to the invention may contain other anionic, nonionic, cationic and/or amphoteric and/or zwitterionic surfactants.




Typical examples of anionic surfactants are alkylben-zenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkylether sulfonates, glycerol ether sulfonates, α-methyl ester sulfonates, sulfofatty acids, alkylsulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, glycerol ether sulfates, hydroxy mixed ether sulfates, monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, fatty acid amide (ether) sulfates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinamates, sulfotriglycerides, amide soaps, ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid taurides, acyl lactylates, acyl tartrates, acyl glutamates, acyl aspartates, alkyl oligoglucoside sulfates, protein fatty acid condensates (particularly wheat-based vegetable products) and alkyl (ether) phosphates. If the anionic surfactants contain polyglycol ether chains, they may have a conventional homolog distribution although they preferably have a narrow-range homolog distribution.




Typical examples of nonionic surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters, fatty acid amide polyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated triglycerides, mixed ethers and mixed formals, fatty acid N-alkyl glucamides, protein hydrolyzates (particularly wheat-based vegetable products), polyol fatty acid esters, sugar esters, sorbitan esters, polysorbates and amine oxides. If the nonionic surfactants contain polyglycol ether chains, they may have a conventional homolog distribution, although they preferably have a narrow-range homolog distribution.




Typical examples of cationia surfactants are quaternary ammonium compounds and esterquats, more particularly quaternized fatty acid trialkanolamine ester salts. Typical examples of amphoteric or zvitterionic surfactants are alkylbetaines, alkylamidobetaines, aminopropionates, aminoglycinates, imidazolinium betaines and sulfobetaines.




The surfactants mentioned are all known compounds. Information on their structure and production can be found in relevant synoptic works, cf. for example J. Falbe (ed.), “Surfactants in Consumer Products”, springer Verlag, Berlin, 1987, pages 54 to 124 or J. Falbe (ed.), “Katalysatoren, Tenside und Mineralöladditive (Catalysts, Surfactants and Mineral Oil Additives)”, Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1978, pages 123-217. The percentage content of the other surfactants in the formulations according to the invention may be from 1 to 50% by weight and is preferably from 2 to 25% by weight.




Other Auxiliaries and Additives




The formulations according to the invention may contain other typical auxiliaries and additives such as, for example, liquid builders and sequestering agents such as, for example, citric acid, gluconic acid and alkali metal salts thereof, EDTA and/or NTA, solubilizers such as, for example, butyl glucoside, toluene, xylene and/or cumene sulfonate, lower aliphatic alcohols such as, for example, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and/or propylene glycol, fatty acids containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms such as, for example, coconut oil or palm kernel oil fatty acid, dicarboxylic acids such as, for example, succinic acid, glutaric acid and/or adipic acid, abrasives such as, for example, silica flour, layer silicates, thickeners, polymers such as, for example, polyethylene glycols having molecular weights in the range from 100,000 to 1,000,000 dalton, alkali bases such as, for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia solution or triethanolamine for adjusting a basic pH value and perfumes and dyes. The auxiliaries and additives may make up from 1 to 50% by weight and preferably from 2 to 25% by weight of the formulations.




Commercial Applications




The formulations according to the invention show advantageous foaming and cleaning power. They have an adequate, but not excessively high viscosity, so that they are easy to dispense and flow without difficulty on the surfaces to be cleaned. Typical examples of formulations which fulfil this purpose are multipurpose cleaners, sanitary cleaners, window cleaners, scouring preparations, floor cleaners, carpet shampoos and oven cleaners. The non-aqueous component (corresponding to the active substance content) of the formulations is normally from 5 to 75% by weight. For dilute applications, the active substance content is in the range from 5 to 35 and preferably 7 to 25% by weight and, for concentrates, in the range from 35 to 75 and preferably 50 to 60% by weight.











EXAMPLES




I. Cleaning Performance




Cleaning performance was tested against an artificially soiled plastic surface by the method described in Seifen-Öle-Fette-Wachse, 112, 371 (1986). The test solutions (pH=9.4) had the following composition (water to 100% by weight):





















Alkyl oligoglucoside




7.0% by weight







C


10/14


fatty alcohol · 8.5 EO




2.0% by weight







C


12/14


fatty alcohol · 2 EO sulfate







sodium salt




2.0% by weight







C


12/18


cocofatty acid




0.4% by weight







Sodium gluconate




1.0% by weight















A mixture of soot, machine oil, grease and low-boiling hydrocarbons was used as the soil for dilute application of the cleaning formulation. The 26×28 cm test surface was uniformly coated with 2 g of the artificial soil using a surface coater. A plastic sponge was then soaked with 10 ml of the test solution and moved mechanically over the test surface which had also been coated with 10 ml of the test solution. After 10 wiping movements, the cleaned test surface was held under running water and the loose soil was removed. The cleaning effect, i.e. the whiteness of the plastic surface thus cleaned, was photometrically determined against a standard (corresponding to 100% reflectance). The results are set out in Table 1. Table 2 contains a number of Formulation Examples.












TABLE 1











Cleaning performance
















Alkyl Oligoglucoside




Cleaning Power
















Example




Chain Length




DP




% Reflectance




















  1




{fraction (9/10)}




1.43




58







  2




{fraction (9/10)}




1.52




61







  3




{fraction (9/10)}




1.60




66







C1




{fraction (8/10)}




1.38




48







C2




{fraction (8/10)}




1.59




47







C3




8




1.60




51







C4




{fraction (9/10)}




1.32




49























TABLE 2











II. Formulation Examples






Formulations for cleaning hard surfaces















Content






Formulation




Components




% by weight
















Concentrated multipurpose cleaner




C


9/11


Alkyl polyglucoside (DP = 1.55)




45.0







Lauric acid methyl ester · 13 EO




20.0







Palm kernel oil fatty acid




5.0







Citric acid




1.0







Cumene sulfonate




10.0







Potassium hydroxide (50% by weight)




0.5






Multipurpose spray cleaner




C


9/11


Alkyl polyglucoside (DP = 1.50)




2.0







Butyl glucoside




0.5







Octanol · 10 EO




1.5







Palm kernel oil fatty acid




1.0







Glutaric/adipic acid mixture (1:1)




2.0







Polyethylene oxide (MW 600,000)




0.05







Butyl glycol




2.0







Sodium hydroxide (50% by weight)




0.2






Multipurpose spray cleaner




C


9/11


Alkyl polyglucoside (DP = 1.60)




0.2







Lauric acid methyl ester · 17 EO




0.05







Coconut oil fatty acid




0.001







Ethanol




7.0







Ammonia solution (50% by weight)




0.1






Multipurpose cleaner




C


9/11


Alkyl polyglucoside (DP = 1.61)




12.0







C


9/11


Oxoalcohol · 8 EO




8.0







Lauryl sulfate sodium salt




2.0







Ethanol




5.0







Sodium hydroxide (50% by weight)




0.2






Multipurpose cleaner




C


9/11


Alkyl polyglucoside (DP = 1.55)




10.0







Lauric acid methyl ester · 18 EO




8.0







Secondary octadecane sulfonate sodium salt




2.0







Cumene sulfonate




3.0







Coconut oil fatty acid




1.5







Ethanol




5.0







Sodium hydroxide (50% by weight)




0.2






Multipurpose cleaner




C


9/11


Alkyl polyglucoside (DP = 1.55)




10.0







Lauric acid methyl ester · 17 EO




8.0







Secondary octadecane sulfonate sodium salt




2.0







Coconut oil fatty acid




1.5







Ethanol




5.0







Sodium hydroxide (50% by weight)




0.2






Multipurpose cleaner




C


9/11


Alkyl polyglucoside (DP = 1.50)




12.0







Lauric acid methyl ester · 11 EO




8.0







Cocofatty alcohol · 2 EO sulfate sodium salt




2.0







Ethanol




5.0







Potassium hydroxide




0.2






Multipurpose cleaner




C


9/11


Alkyl polyglucoside (DP = 1.53)




12.0







Octanol · 4 EO




8.0







Cocofatty alcohol · 2 EO sulfate sodium salt




2.0







Ethanol




5.0







Sodium hydroxide (50% by weight)




0.2






Scouring preparation




C


9/11


Alkyl polyglucoside (DP = 1.53)




1.5







2-Butene dilauryl ester sulfonate sodium salt




1.5







Thickener (ACRYSOL ® ICS-1)




1.0







Silica flour




50.0







Triethanolamine




0.5






Window cleaner




C


9/11


Alkyl polyglucoside (DP = 1.52)




1.0







C


8/10


Fatty alcohol · 6 EO




1.0







Ethanol




8.0







Butyl glycol




2.0






Carpet shampoo




C


9/11


Alkyl polyglucoside (DP = 1.50)




26.0







Sodium gluconate




3.0






Floor cleaner




C


9/11


Alkyl polyglucoside (DP = 1.55)




14.0







SYNTRAN ® (Kahl)




18.0







SEQUION ® 40 Na 32 (Polygon)




1.2







Ammonia solution (50% by weight)




0.2






Floor cleaner




C


9/11


Alkyl polyglucoside (DP = 1.55)




5.0







Decanol · 10 EO




4.0







Spezialwachs 2826 (Kahl)




7.0







SEQUION ® 40 Na 32 (Polygon)




0.5







Potassium hydroxide (50% by weight)




0.5






Oven cleaner




C


9/11


Alkyl polyglucoside (DP = 1.60)




4.0







Alkylbenzenesulfonate sodium salt




6.0







Potassium hydroxide




4.0







Propylene glycol




10.0







Laponite (layer silicate)




1.0






Oven cleaner




C


9/11


Alkyl polyglucoside (DP = 1.62)




4.0







Cocofatty alcohol · 1 PO · 4 EO




2.0







Citric acid




6.0







Perfume




1.0







Ammonia solution (50% by weight)




0.2













Claims
  • 1. In a hard surface cleaning composition which comprises one or more anionic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants or combination thereof the improvement comprising from about 1 to about 50% by weight of alkyl oligoglucosides corresponding to formula (I):R1O—[G]p  (I) wherein R1 is an at least partly branched alkyl radical having from about 9 to about 11 carbon atoms, G is a glucose unit and p is a number from 1.4 to 2.0, and wherein the alkyl oligoglucosides are derived from C9-11 oxoalcohols obtained from terminal linear olefins.
  • 2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said composition is comprised of from about 5 to about 75% by weight of active substance.
  • 3. A method of increasing the viscosity and foam of a hard surface cleaning composition which is comprised of one or more anionic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants or combination thereof which method is comprised of adding to said cleaning composition from about 1 to about 50% by weight of alkyl oligoglucosides corresponding to formula (I):R1O—[G]p  (I) wherein R1 is an at least partly branched alkyl radical having from about 9 to about 11 carbon atoms, G is a glucose unit and p is a number from 1.4 to 2.0, and wherein the alkyl oligoglucosides are derived from C9-11 oxoalcohols obtained from terminal linear olefins.
  • 4. The method of claim 3 wherein said composition is comprised of from about 5 to about 75% by weight of active substance.
Priority Claims (1)
Number Date Country Kind
195 45 486 Dec 1995 DE
BENEFIT OF EARLIER FILING DATE UNDER 37 CFR 1.78(A) (4)

This application claims the benefit of earlier filed and copending provisional application Ser. No. 60/012,827, filed on Mar. 5, 1996, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

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Number Name Date Kind
3839318 Mansfield Oct 1974 A
4606850 Malik Aug 1986 A
H171 McDaniel et al. Dec 1986 H
4732696 Urfer Mar 1988 A
4732704 Biermann et al. Mar 1988 A
5138046 Wuest et al. Aug 1992 A
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5554742 Wolf et al. Sep 1996 A
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5585472 Wolf et al. Dec 1996 A
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Number Date Country
210 270 Feb 1987 EP
214 285 Mar 1987 EP
216 301 Apr 1987 EP
282 863 Sep 1988 EP
301 298 Feb 1989 EP
199 765 May 1990 EP
388 810 Sep 1990 EP
510 870 Oct 1992 EP
572 776 Dec 1993 EP
WO 8605199 Sep 1986 WO
WO 8605509 Sep 1986 WO
WO 9003977 Apr 1990 WO
WO 9203582 Mar 1992 WO
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Non-Patent Literature Citations (4)
Entry
Derwent Abstract accession No. 92-197678/199224, for RD 337088, published May 10, 1992.*
J. Falbe, “Surfactants in Consumer Products”, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1987, pp. 54-124.
J. Falbe, “Katalysatoren, Tenside und Mineralöladditive”, Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1978, pp. 123-217.
Seifen-Öle-Fette-Wachse, 112, 1986, p. 371.
Provisional Applications (1)
Number Date Country
60/012827 Mar 1996 US