Patent Grant
11306493
This application is a national phase application filed under 35 USC § 371 of PCT Application No. PCT/GB2019/050329 with an International filing date of Feb. 7, 2019, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
The present invention relates to a formwork and method of constructing a formwork.
Concrete walls, pillars or columns are conventionally formed using formwork which is applied around the edge of the structure to be formed. The formwork supports shuttering contact board which provides a surface against which the concrete can be poured to form the structure. When the concrete is poured, considerable force is applied to the board and consequently to the formwork due to the weight of the concrete. This can cause the formwork to move, and consequently the resultant structure is formed incorrectly.
Thus with any formwork it is necessary to anchor the formwork appropriately to the ground or other static structure so that the formwork does not move when the concrete is poured.
The present solutions offered (such as that described in GB2561567) include brackets which are pined to the ground using road pins. Unfortunately such solutions are not satisfactory because there is too much deflection in the shuttering contact member when the concrete is poured. Also the base tends to be forced upwards by the action of the concrete, and this leads to movement of the whole formwork.
There has now been devised an improved formwork which overcomes and/or substantially mitigates the above referenced and/or other disadvantages associated with the prior art.
In one aspect of the invention there is provided a concrete formwork comprising,
The formwork according to the invention is advantageous primarily because a clamping portion is defined which can clamp onto any road pins or the like inserted into the clamping portion. This prevents the formwork from moving with respect to the pins. In use concrete is poured against a board applied to the shuttering contact member of the formwork, an in this instance the formwork is prevented from lifting or moving to any significant degree. Also the load is transferred not only to a region between the two clamping brackets, but to the side of the base from which the brackets are supported. Any pressure on the shuttering contact member will therefore tend to push the second side of the base downward, and thereby force the first side of the base sideways and upwards. The use of the specific combination of clamping brackets and clamping members in this instance prevent such movement and therefore direct transfer of the load to the ground, without significant deflection.
Another advantage of the invention is that different heights of the shuttering contact member can be made, and when different lengths of braces are used, the braces can both be incorporated into the formwork at an angle of 45 degrees.
Preferably the base, shuttering contact member and braces are right angle section members. Preferably the base, shuttering contact member and braces are manufactured from metal, such as steel or aluminium, but other materials such as plastics or composite materials are also possible.
The openings in the first side are preferably spaced apart from one another substantially along the length of the base. This allows roadway pins or the like to be inserted through the base in positions which are separated from one another substantially.
Roadway pins is a term used in the art to describe pins inserted into formwork to support said formwork against a roadway. The pins are conventionally hammered into the surface on which the formwork is placed and are distinguished from fixings which are screwed or bolted into the surface. The term therefore includes any suitable means for fixing into roadways or the ground. Suitable roadway pins or the like includes stakes, screws, bolts, or plugs as it will be recognised that screws and bolts in particular can be hammered into position rather than being screwed into position. Typically a roadway pin is a round pin made of steel with a pointed or sharpened end for penetrating the ground and a flat end that is hit with a hammer or similar in order to drive the pin into the ground. The roadway pin can also be made from plastics, composites or other metals.
Either of the braces, and/or the shuttering contact member may be adjustable in length. For example therefore, the braces may comprise a screw jack, or a telescoping element or the like.
The clamping brackets may be any type of bracket that maximises the clamping portion onto the roadway pin or the like in use. Preferably the clamping brackets are substantially “V” shaped. This is a simple bracket form and increases the strength of the second side of the base. As the brackets are configured to extend over the first side of the base, the combined effect is therefore to reduce the potential for the base to buckle or bend in use. The coupling of the brackets to the base may be by conventional nut and bolt fixing, screws, or welding. The central part of the ‘V’ provides an opening for receipt of the roadway pin or the like in use.
Preferably, the clamping brackets comprise flattened portions configured to lie flat against the second side of the base in use. This further strengthens the second side of the base and the brackets.
When a ‘V’ shaped clamping bracket is used, preferably the clamping brackets comprise a first opening and a second opening, the first and second opening being opposite one another and on different sides of the ‘V’ shaped bracket.
Preferably, wherein the clamping brackets comprise a first opening and a second opening, the first and second openings being opposite one another and on different sides of the ‘V’ shaped bracket, the first opening being wider than the second opening, both openings being configured to receive a wedge shaped clamping member through the first and second openings, and which matches the dimensions of the first and second openings substantially. This has the benefit that when the wedge is inserted into the clamping bracket therethrough, a clamping portion is defined between the wedge and the inside of the apex of the ‘V’. This provides a quick and efficient way to mount the base at the side of the planned formwork or concrete wall/pillar/column etc. As the bracket is ‘V’ shaped, it maximises the area of the pin or the like that is clamped in the clamping portion. This form of bracket in combination with the wedge maximises the frictional forces that are generated if the support base is attempted to be lifted by the weight of the concrete in use. Thus the formwork does not lift out of the ground in use.
Alternatively, the first opening is of similar dimensions to the second opening and the clamping member comprises a bar having a central cam. When the bar is inserted through the first and second openings, a clamping portion between the bar and the bracket is defined substantially as described above. A roadway pin or the like is inserted through the clamping portion and when the bar is rotated the cam tightens on the roadway pin or the like and clamps the angle section member to the pin.
Preferably the clamping members comprise a retainer to prevent them being lost in use. Preferably, the retainer comprises a weld applied to at least one side of the clamping member.
In another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of constructing a formwork, comprising,
The method as described above may further comprise the step of applying a retainer to the clamping members after they have been engaged with the clamping brackets. This prevents the clamping members from being lost. The retainer may be a bolt or clamp or the like, but preferably comprises a weld applied to at least one side of the clamping member. Alternatively a simple twist to the clamping member is applied so that it cannot detach easily from the brace.
The method may further comprise the step of wherein in use a roadway pin is inserted through each clamping portion to fixedly mount the formwork to the ground.
The invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to and as shown in the drawings in which:
In
Each bracket 7 also comprises a clamping member 10. In
The shuttering contact member 3 like the base 2 has a first side 12 and a second side 13. However for the shuttering contact member 3 the first side 12 is the side which is in contact with the shuttering contact board in use. The second side 13 is the side adjacent the first side 12. The shuttering contact member 3 is pivotally attached to the base 2 at the end of the second side 6 of the base 2 and at the end of the second side 13 of the shuttering contact member 3. In this example the attachment is by a conventional nut and bolt fixing which can be tightened to secure the attachment in a fixed orientation. The second side 13 of the shuttering contact member 3 comprises a lower slot 14a and an upper slot 14b. A hole at the proximal end (end closest to the shuttering in use) of the lower brace 4a is aligned with the lower slot 14a and slidingly engaged thereto with conventional nut and bolt fixings. A hole at the proximal end of the upper brace 4b is aligned with the upper slot 14b and slidingly engaged thereto with conventional nut and bolt fixings. A hole at the distal end of the lower brace 4a is aligned with a slot 15 in the second side 6 of the base 2 and slidingly engaged thereto with conventional nut and bolt fixings. A hole at the distal end of the upper brace 4b is aligned with the same slot 15 in the second side 6 of the base 2 and slidingly engaged thereto with conventional nut and bolt fixings. The ends of the braces 4a and 4b that are engaged with the slot 15 are required to be separated somewhat as both braces 4a and 4b are right angle section steel members, and therefore cannot be crossed over. The angle of the shuttering contact member 3 with respect to the base 2 can then be adjusted accordingly by sliding the braces 4a and 4b within either or both the slots (15, 14a, 14b) and then tightening the fixings as required. The embodiment of the formwork with the double braces 4a, 4b, provides double the strength but also allows for the shuttering contact member 3 to be made considerably longer, and therefore much taller walls of concrete can be poured against the formwork 1 when it is constructed. Construction of the formwork in this way is also simple, quick and easy, while also allowing for the construction of walls which are not necessarily vertical and without the use of a crane. Importantly the slot 15 in the second side 6 of the base 2 extends between the two ‘V’ shaped brackets 7, and said brackets 7 define the proximal and distal limits of the slot 15. The shuttering contact member 3 comprises a number of further holes and slots 16 in the first side 12 which are provided for the attachment of boarding or the like to the first side 12. Another important feature is that the uppermost edge of each bracket 7 comprises a cut out 17. The cut out 17 reduces the overall height of each bracket 7, and therefore the dimensions of the clamping portion (ie the part which clamps on the roadway pin in use). However having the cut out 17 means that the pins (not shown) can be more easily removed after use of the formwork 1 and when the formwork 1 is required to be collapsed for transport.
In other examples of the invention there is a formwork 1 substantially as described above, but there are two wedges 10 in each bracket 7. Both wedges 10 may be introduced from the same direction or from opposite directions, and therefore the dimensions and orientation of the slots in the brackets 7 are altered accordingly. Having two wedges 10 means that the grip on the roadway pin in use is increased.
In use the clamping brackets 7 are attached to the second side 6 as described above, using the bolts as shown, making sure that the brackets 7 are positioned over the openings 8. Then the wedges 10 are inserted through the slots (11a, 11b) of the brackets 7. In so doing a clamping portion is defined between the wedges 10 and the inside of the brackets 7. Next the end of the second side 13 of the shuttering contact member 3 is attached using a bolt fixing to the end of the second side 6 of the base 2. Care is taken to ensure that some distance is provided between the end of the shuttering contact member 3 and the first side 5, in order to allow for angular alteration of the shuttering contact member 3 with the base 2 if required. Next the braces 4a and 4b are attached to the base 2 and the shuttering contact member 3 using nut and bolt fixings and as shown and as described above. All the nut and bolt fixings within the formwork work are then tightened when the desired angles of the respective members to each other have been obtained. Next, a road pin is inserted through each of the clamping portions and through the openings 8 and into the ground on which the base 2 is placed. A spot weld may be placed on the narrow end of the wedges 10 to prevent them from being lost after use. Shuttering board may be attached to the shuttering contact board after the angle of the shuttering contact member 3 has been set. Then concrete can be poured against it. The base 2 is prevented from moving or lifting up in any way by the combined effect of the brackets 7 and the wedges 10 to generate a clamping portion which clamps onto the pins. The support base 2 therefore does not move in use with respect to the pins. After the concrete has been poured the formwork 1 can be removed from the site by first pushing out the wedges 10. If the wedges 10 have a spot weld on their end then they will only be released from the slots 11 by a fixed distance, but this will be enough to slacken the wedges 10 from the pins, and the slacken the pressure of the pins against the bottom of the ‘V’ in the bracket 7. The clamping portion is thereby released and the pins can be removed. The formwork 1 can then be disassembled by unbolting the nuts and bolts described above. Alternatively the nuts and bolts may be just loosened to allow the formwork 1 to be flat packed.
Another advantage of the invention as a whole is that different heights of shuttering contact member 3 and braces 4 can be employed, but still be able to maintain the brace 4 at approximately 45 degrees to the base 2 in use, which the skilled person would understand is the strongest angle.
Deflection Tests Were Performed to Test the Strength of the Above Formwork.
Deflection Test Methods
In the testing, three types of formwork were tested. All had the same overall construction but in the first formwork (bracket D), the height of the shuttering contact member was 1.2 m. In the second formwork (bracket E) the height of the shuttering contact member was 1.8 m. Both brackets D and E were supported by the combination of ‘V’ shaped clamping brackets and road way pins in the base as described above on a steel framework. The third formwork tested (bracket F) was substantially the same as bracket E, but had a standard base, which was welded through the first side of the bae to the steel frame. In the tests a hydraulic ram was mounted to a steel frame away from the shuttering member and configured to act on the shuttering contact member at a height of 40 cm for bracket D and 60 cm for bracket E and F. The hydraulic ram had a piston diameter of 45 mm. Bracket D was subjected to tests at 50 Bar and 250 Bar. Bracket E was subjected to tests at 100 Bar and 500 Bar. Bracket E (Standard Base) was subjected to a test at 100 Bar. In all cases deflection was measured at various positioned along the length of the shuttering contact member.
Deflection Test Results
TEST 1—Applied Pressure 50 Bar (7952.16N)
TEST 2—Applied Pressure 250 Bar (39760.75N)
TEST 3—Applied Pressure 100 Bar (15904.3N)
TEST 4—Applied Pressure 500 Bar (79521.5N)
TEST 5—Applied Pressure 100 Bar (15904.3N)
Deflection Test Conclusions
The results for the deflection Tests 1-3 (formwork of the invention) did not change significantly from test to test. It was not until test 4 (also formwork of the invention) did the formwork start to deflect significantly. The results show therefore that the formwork of the invention is able to withstand pressures of up to 500 bar against it, without any significant change in deflection. The results of test 5 (formwork welded to the steel base) came out considerably worse than the results for all the other tests. The deflection of bracket F was considerably higher than the deflection of the bracket E under the same load. This was surprising to the inventor and points towards some synergistic relationship between the features that make up the formwork of the invention. It is postulated that the double brace feature allows not only the better transfer of load than with conventional techniques, but the load is transferred to a region between the two brackets. It is thought that this centres the load between the two anchoring positions. Under load, the second side of the base would be urged towards the ground and force the first side of the base sideways and upwards. The movement of the base is prevented by the action of the clamping portions formed on the pins and this therefore transfers most if not all of the load directly to the ground, so that the deflection is minimal. The inventors would still have expected more deflection that seen because amongst other things, the brackets have the cut out portions, there is a slot between the two brackets on the second side of the base, which weakens the overall structure, only right angle section members were used for the base, shuttering contact member and braces (rather than channel section members which are stronger) and only one clamping member was used in each bracket.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB2019/050329 | 2/7/2019 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020/161453 | 8/13/2020 | WO | A |
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| 20110210234 | Garcia, Jr. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20160194887 | White | Jul 2016 | A1 |
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| 2553002 | Jun 1977 | DE |
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| 2017178971 | Oct 2017 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| International Search Report and Written Opinion for PCT Application No. PCT/GB2019/050329 dated Nov. 7, 2019, 12 pages. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20220064970 A1 | Mar 2022 | US |
