Patent Application
20220145648
The invention relates to a formwork frame for a formwork element of a ceiling formwork. The invention also relates to a formwork element having such a formwork frame and to a ceiling formwork having the formwork element. Finally, the invention relates to a method for constructing such a ceiling formwork.
WO 2018/07420 A1 discloses an equalisation element for closing a gap in a ceiling formwork which has multiple standard formwork elements with a closed frame around the periphery. If the building of the ceiling formwork is impeded by an obstacle in the form of a pillar, the equalisation element can be hooked into the formwork props from the floor using a U-shaped frame such that the pillar is accommodated inside the U-shaped frame. The U-frame is then swung up from below and provided with two further props. A second U-shaped frame is then mounted from below to obtain a closed frame. The equalisation element therefore allows the pillar to be built around. In this prior art, the U-frame is hooked into the formwork props from the floor. However, owing to the U-shape of the frame, it is necessary to attach the formwork lining and additional formwork supports to the frame after it has been swung up.
A similar formwork is disclosed in DE 10 2007 021 159 A1, but the construction thereof is likewise laborious.
WO 2019/025513 A1 discloses a ceiling formwork with a permanent formwork board. However, this prior art is not suitable for building around an obstacle.
Formwork systems are also known from EP 1 059 402 A1, JP H05 12544 U, FR 1 381 954 A, EP 3 202 998 A1 and FR 2 136 813 A5.
Accordingly, the object of the present invention consists in moderating or overcoming at least some disadvantages of the prior art. The invention is aimed in particular at creating a formwork frame which allows many different uses, in particular building around obstacles in a ceiling formwork in a simple and safe manner.
This object is achieved by a formwork frame having the features of Claim 1, a formwork element having the features of Claim 9, a ceiling formwork having the features of Claim 12, and a method having the features of Claim 14. Preferred embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.
According to the invention, a formwork frame is provided, which has:
a first cross-support,
a second cross-support,
a connecting piece which is longer than the first cross-support and the second cross-support, is arranged substantially perpendicular to the first cross-support and the second cross-support, and connects the first cross-support to the second cross-support,
a first lateral recess on one longitudinal side of the formwork frame, and
a second lateral recess on the other longitudinal side of the formwork frame.
A formwork frame of I-shaped outline is thus obtained, which has a number of advantages for a ceiling formwork. An “I-shaped” formwork is understood to mean a formwork frame which permanently has an I-shape or has a defined concreting position with an I-shape. Firstly, an obstacle such as a pillar can be received on both longitudinal sides of the formwork frame, specifically inside the first recess or inside the second recess. Preferably, the first and second recesses have substantially the same extent parallel to the formwork lining plane. It is thus made much easier to build around obstacles in comparison with the prior art. Owing to the recesses on the opposing longitudinal sides of the formwork frame, it is possible to build around even relatively large obstacles by receiving the obstacle in two adjacent lateral recesses of two formwork frames mounted next to each other. It is also advantageous that the formwork frame has a first cross-support and a second cross-support, which are shorter than the connecting piece. During use, the first cross-support is first hooked into the two first formwork props such that the formwork frame is arranged in an intermediate position inclined obliquely downwards along the connecting piece from the first cross-support. Since the connecting piece is longer than the first and second cross-supports, the second cross-support is close to the floor when in the intermediate position, so that at least one further element, such as a panel element and/or a longitudinal support, in particular with a formwork board also held detachably thereon, can be arranged on the formwork frame when it is still in the intermediate position. In this manner, a formwork element is obtained which can be swung up as a whole from the intermediate position into the preferably substantially horizontal use and concreting position. The first and second cross-supports therefore allow the formwork elements to be attached already in the intermediate position, as a result of which the safety while building around the obstacle is considerably increased.
Preferably, the first and second cross-supports and the connecting piece are produced from metal.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the first cross-support has a first receptacle and/or the second cross-support has a second receptacle for detachable connection to a further element, in particular a longitudinal support and/or a panel element, of the formwork element in an intermediate position of the formwork frame inclined downwards from the first cross-support along the connecting piece in the direction of the second cross-support. In this embodiment, the formwork element can be connected detachably to at least one further element, in particular a longitudinal support or a panel element, from the floor. Preferably, a first interlocking connection, in particular a first hook, bolt or latch connection, is provided between the further element and the first receptacle of the first cross-support, and/or a second interlocking connection, in particular a second hook, bolt or latch connection, is provided between the further element and the second receptacle of the second cross-support. It is particularly preferred if the further element, i.e. in particular the panel element or the longitudinal support, is detachably connected to both the first receptacle and the second receptacle. When the ceiling formwork is constructed, the formwork frame is first arranged in the intermediate position inclined obliquely downwards, in which only the first cross-support of the formwork frame is connected to two first formwork props but there are no formwork props under the second cross-support. Owing to the connecting piece, the second cross-support is in the inclined intermediate position close to the floor, so that the further element can simply be hooked into the formwork frame from the floor. The first and/or second receptacle is designed to hold the further element in the inclined intermediate position independently, i.e. without aids and without manual support, on the formwork frame. The further element can thus be fixed on the formwork frame already in the intermediate position, before the formwork frame together with the longitudinal support or panel element arranged thereon is swung up into the use position and two second formwork props are placed under it. The construction of the ceiling formwork can thus be made particularly simple and safe.
To allow the independent attachment of the further element in the oblique position of the formwork frame, it is favourable if the first receptacle has a first receiving groove and/or the second receptacle has a second receiving groove. In this embodiment, the further element has, at opposing ends, corresponding hook elements which can be connected to the first and second receiving grooves of the formwork frame. Preferably, the first receiving groove extends substantially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the first cross-support (i.e. in the transverse direction of the formwork frame). The second receiving groove preferably extends substantially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the second cross-support (i.e. likewise in the transverse direction of the formwork frame). Preferably, the first and second receiving groove, respectively, extends over more than a quarter, preferably over more than half, in particular over more than three quarters, of the length of the first and second cross-support, respectively. A high level of flexibility when arranging further elements such as longitudinal supports and/or panel elements is achieved thereby. The same I-shaped formwork frame can thus be equipped with longitudinal supports or with panel elements depending on the application.
In a preferred embodiment, for secure arrangement of the longitudinal support or panel element in the inclined intermediate position, the first receiving groove has a first undercut and/or the second receiving groove has a second undercut for engagement with a hook element of the longitudinal support and/or a hook element of the panel element. The engagement of the hook element on the longitudinal support or panel element in the first or second receiving groove produces a form fit, which prevents unintentional detachment of the longitudinal support or panel element irrespective of the forces effective in the intermediate position, without the workers themselves having to hold the longitudinal support or the panel element in the intermediate position and while the formwork frame is swung up.
In a further embodiment, the first receptacle has first receiving points at defined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the first cross-support, and/or the second receptacle has second receiving points at defined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the second cross-support.
To construct the ceiling formwork, it is favourable if the first cross-support has a first retainer and/or the second cross-support has a second retainer for detachable connection to a formwork prop. Preferably, the first and second cross-supports have two first and second retainers, respectively, in particular at opposing ends for detachable connection to two first and second formwork props, respectively.
When the ceiling formwork is constructed, the first retainers on the first cross-support are brought into engagement with the first formwork props, as a result of which the formwork element is arranged in the intermediate position inclined downwards from the first cross-support towards the second cross-support. After swinging up, the second retainers on the second cross-support are brought into engagement with the second formwork props, so that the formwork element is arranged in the intended concreting position. To this end, the first and second formwork props have engagement elements, in particular hooks, on the top, for example on a head part. Preferably, four engagement elements are provided per first and second formwork prop, in order to be able to attach up to four formwork elements to the same first or second formwork prop. The concreting position can be horizontal. However, a tilted position of the formwork element in the concreting position can also be provided by different first and second formwork props or different telescoping extents of the first and second formwork props. However, the angle of the formwork element relative to the horizontal in the concreting position is smaller than in the inclined intermediate position.
For connection to the formwork props, the first and/or second retainer of the formwork frame preferably has a retaining protrusion or a retaining opening. When the ceiling formwork is constructed, the retaining protrusion or the retaining opening is connected to a corresponding engagement element at the upper end of the formwork prop. Preferably, the first retainer and/or the second retainer has in each case two retaining protrusions or retaining openings to allow a connection of the first or second cross-support to two formwork props. The retaining opening can be formed by a cut-out in the first or second cross-support. The retaining protrusion can be in the form of a hook.
According to a preferred embodiment, the connecting piece is connected to the first and second cross-supports displaceably in the transverse direction. Preferably, transverse guides are provided on the first and second cross-supports and allow the transverse displacement of the connecting piece. In this embodiment, the connecting piece in the basic position is substantially equally far away from both longitudinal ends of the formwork frame (i.e. from the ends of the first and second cross-supports), resulting in an I-shape of the formwork frame outline. Starting from the basic position, the connecting piece can be shifted towards one longitudinal side and/or the other longitudinal side of the formwork frame in order to enlarge the first or second recess for receiving an obstacle, such as a prop, correspondingly.
In some applications, it is also advantageous if the connecting piece is formed by a double piece. The double piece has two piece elements, the opposing ends of which are connected to the first and second cross-supports, respectively. In this manner, an additional stiffening of the formwork frame is advantageously achieved.
In a preferred application, at least one panel element is arranged on the formwork frame, preferably exactly two identical panel elements being arranged to form a rectangular formwork top on the formwork frame. Preferably, the panel element has a formwork lining, which delimits the formwork space, on the top. On the underside, the panel element preferably has at least one strut, preferably two struts being arranged parallel and at a distance from each other on the underside of the panel element. According to a preferred embodiment, the strut has, on each of the two opposing longitudinal ends, a hook element, which can be connected detachably to the first or second receptacle on the formwork frame.
For the purposes of this disclosure, a “detachable” connection means that the connection can be made and undone again, in particular without tools, to allow further uses of the connected components.
In an alternative embodiment of the formwork element, at least one longitudinal support is arranged on the formwork frame, preferably at least one longitudinal support on each side of the connecting piece, to support a formwork board.
The formwork element is preferably used in a ceiling formwork in which the first cross-support of the formwork frame is supported on two first ceiling props, and the second cross-support of the formwork frame is supported on two second ceiling props. The first and second formwork props are preferably formed by telescopic props.
In one of the above-described variants, the ceiling formwork can be extended by at least one further formwork element, in which case two third ceiling props are provided. Preferably, two adjacent formwork elements share two formwork props.
According to the invention, the following method can be carried out to construct the ceiling formwork to produce a ceiling element:
arranging two first ceiling props on a floor,
providing a formwork frame,
connecting the first cross-support of the formwork frame of the formwork element to the two first ceiling props, the formwork frame of the formwork element being arranged in an intermediate position inclined downwards from the first cross-support along the connecting piece in the direction of the second cross-support,
arranging at least one further element, in particular a panel element and/or a longitudinal support, on the formwork frame in the intermediate position to obtain a formwork element;
swinging the formwork element up from the intermediate position into a preferably substantially horizontal use position, and
supporting the second cross-support of the formwork frame of the formwork element with two second ceiling props.
Accordingly, at least one further formwork element can be mounted, in which case the formwork frame of the further formwork element is likewise initially connected to two formwork props in an inclined intermediate position, then the further element is arranged on the formwork frame still in the intermediate position, and finally the further formwork element thus produced is swung up into the concreting position. Preferably, two adjacent formwork elements share two formwork props.
In a preferred application, when the formwork element is arranged in the intermediate position, an obstacle, in particular a pillar, is arranged within the first or second lateral recess of the formwork element. As described above, the I-shaped formwork frame is provided, while still in the intermediate position, with at least one further element, in particular with a longitudinal support for supporting formwork boards or with a panel element having a planar formwork surface. Then, the formwork element thus formed is swung up into the concreting position. In the case of the longitudinal supports, they can likewise be connected to formwork boards while still in the intermediate position.
The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawings.
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In this embodiment, the formwork frame 12 is likewise first attached to the first formwork prop 2 in the inclined intermediate position (
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The formwork element 13 is swung up into the use position (
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| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19159607.1 | Feb 2019 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2020/054958 | 2/26/2020 | WO | 00 |
