This application claims priority to Canadian Patent Application No. 3030905, filed Jan. 18, 2019, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
A formwork system for supporting forming panels to form a horizontal concrete surface.
Formwork systems provide a temporary mold into/onto which liquid concrete can be poured. After the liquid concrete sets, the formwork may be removed, leaving behind a concrete structure. Formwork systems are used in building numerous types of structures, including buildings, bridges, parking garages, and so forth.
Formwork systems may be used to form vertical concrete structures as well as horizontal concrete surfaces. Formwork systems may also be used to form inclined concrete surfaces, for example, by inclining beams used to support forming panels. Inclined surfaces are useful in many applications, for example, to form ramps in parking garages.
However, traditional formwork systems are ill-suited for forming inclined surfaces. One problem with traditional formwork system is that gaps may form between forming panels. For example, a forming panel suspended by a first beam should not touch a forming panel suspended on an adjacent beam. Such gaps between panels are typically filled with thin strips that span the width of the forming panels (also known as ‘compensation-strips’).
Accordingly, improvements in formwork systems are desirable.
In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a formwork system for supporting one or more forming panels to form a generally horizontal concrete surface, said formwork system comprising: a plurality of supports each comprising: a vertically extending post; a drop head mounted on the vertically extending post, for supporting first and second transverse beams between adjacent ones of the plurality of supports; first and second sockets formed on said drop head, each formed on opposite sides of said vertically extending post at defined distances from said vertically extending post, each of the first and second sockets for receiving a mounting pin of the transverse beams, each mounting pin comprising a rounded contact surface; each of said first and second sockets permitting rotation of a received mounting pin about a pin axis while retaining the received mounting pin so that its axis of rotation remains substantially invariant as the received mounting pin rotates in the socket, while the drop head remains stationary.
A formwork system for supporting one or more forming panels to form a generally horizontal concrete surface, said formwork system comprising: a plurality of supports each comprising: a vertically extending post; a drop head mounted on the vertically extending post, for supporting first and second transverse beams between adjacent ones of the plurality of supports; first and second sockets formed on said drop head, each formed on opposite sides of said vertically extending post at defined distances from said vertically extending post, each of the first and second sockets for receiving a complementary mounting pin of one of the first and second transverse beams to each form a hinged joint connecting said support to said first or second beams.
Other aspects, features, and embodiments of the present disclosure will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying figures.
In the figures, which illustrate, by way of example only, embodiments of the present disclosure,
When formwork systems are used form inclined surfaces, different sized gaps may result between forming panels. In conventional formwork systems, forming panels are typically laterally secured to beams of the formwork system to prevent the beams from sliding along the beams. In such systems, the lateral position of forming panels along the beams cannot be adjusted when beams are inclined. As such, there may be large gaps between some forming panels and small gaps between other forming panels. Such systems are therefore ill suited for forming inclined surfaces.
In other systems, forming panels may be laterally unsecured to the beams. A worker can thus adjust the lateral position of the forming panels along the beams to accommodate inclined beams to maintain panel gaps at a substantially constant size. However, laterally unsecured forming panels may create a safety hazard as workers may walk on the forming panels. If a forming panel slides as a worker steps on the panel, the worker may fall and sustain an injury.
Disclosed is a formwork system adapted for forming concrete surfaces that transition from level to sloping (or vice-versa). In particular, the formwork system includes a height-adjustable support for supporting a beam in substantially horizontal, or slightly inclined position. The support includes a central upstanding member and a support arm. The support arm has a rounded socket, and the beam has a cylindrical mounting pin proximate an end. The socket and mounting pin are shaped and sized so that the mounting pin fits within the socket and they together form a hinge joint. As the support is adjusted vertically, the mounting pin rotates about its axis but is retained within the socket such that its axis of rotation remains substantially invariant for different rotational positions (corresponding to different angles of inclination of the beam). As the beam has a fixed length, inclining the beam by pivoting one end of the beam about a fixed point would result in a lateral shift of the opposite end of the beam. To compensate for this, the support arm may be loosely coupled to central upstanding member, so that the lateral shift of the beam can be offset by small lateral movements by the support arm relative to the central upstanding member. Further, the support itself may shift laterally in response to a vertical movement of the support arm to accommodate the lateral shift of the beam. As the mounting pin of the beam is retained by the socket of the support arm, the mounting pin does not shift laterally or horizontally relative to the support arm when the support arm moves up or down vertically. Thus, and as will be explained in greater detail below, the variance in the gap between laterally secured forming panels as a response to vertical shift of the support is dependent on the incline angle of the beam and the dimensions of the beam and the support arm. This is predictable within a defined tolerance. As a result, a single type of compensation-strip can be selected for use with the system.
Reference is made to
Forming panels 102 provide a flat surface to pour liquid concrete thereon. In one embodiment, a plywood panel is used to provide the flat surface. In one embodiment, forming panels 102 may be 2 feet wide and 6 feet long. However, other sizes are possible: for example, forming panels 102 may range from 1 foot to 6 feet in length or width. In addition, different sized forming panels 102 may be used with formwork system 100.
In one embodiment, each plywood panel of a forming panel 102 is supported by beams (not shown) extending along the edges of the panel. The plywood panel may also be supported by a series of beams spanning the length or width of the panel. The beams of a forming panel 102 may be made of a light material, such as aluminum, or an alloy.
Formwork system 100 also includes a plurality of supports 105 and beams 108. Each support 105 has base portion 104 and a support head 106 at an upper portion of support 105. Beams 108 are supported at each end by support head 106. In one embodiment, support head 106 is removably mounted on a vertically extending post.
One or more supports 105 of system 100 may also support a compensation-strip 110. Compensation-strips 110 may be used to fill gaps 112 between panels 102 that form around support heads 106.
In use, a first pair of supports 105 (for example, including a pair of support heads 106 and a pair of vertically extending posts) may be used to suspend a first beam 108. A second pair of supports 105 may be used to suspend a second beam 108 in a substantially parallel position to the first beam 108. One or more forming panels 102 may be supported on each of the first and second beams to form a suspended horizontal surface suitable for pouring concrete thereon. The horizontal surface formed by system 100 may have sections that are inclined and sections that are level.
Additional beams 108, supports 105, and forming panels 102 can be arranged side-by-side to form a larger suspended horizontal surface suitable for pouring concrete thereon.
As illustrated in
The incline angle of a particular beam may be adjusted by adjusting the height of one of the supports 105 supporting that particular beam (for example, by adjusting the height of one of or both of support head 106 and vertically extending post 104 supporting support head 106). As illustrated in
In one embodiment, the maximum incline angle of a beam 108 and the forming panels 102 associated therewith is plus or minus 5 degrees relative to the horizontal.
Reference is made to
Support arms 220 may be lowered or raised to vary the slope of beams 108 supported by the support head 106. In one embodiment, support head 106 is mounted on a height-adjustable vertically extending post, and the height of support arms 220 is adjustable by adjusting the height of the vertically extending post. In one embodiment, support head 106 has support arms 220 that are height-adjustable independently from base portion 104.
As shown, support 105 has two support arms 220 positioned on opposite sides of support 105, but other embodiments are possible. For example, each support 105 may have four support arms 220.
Support arm 220 of support 105 includes two rounded socket 224a, 224b (individually and collectively socket(s) 224) each for receiving a transverse mounting pin (also referred to as mounting pin 222) of beam 108. In one embodiment, and as also depicted in
In one embodiment, socket 224 is approximately 6 mm thick and has a diameter of approximately 21 mm. Notably, the dimensions of socket 224 substantially corresponds with the length and diameter of the mounting pin of beam 108 such that the mounting pin is rotatably retained within socket 224.
Support 105 also has a central upstanding member 230 at the center of support head 106. Central upstanding member 230 extends vertically upwards relative to support arms 220.
Reference is made to
In one embodiment, beam 108 has two side plates 910 attached proximate an end of the beam and extending away from the beam. In one embodiment, side plates 910 secure a mounting pin 222 in a position proximate the end of the beam (see
Mounting pin 222 is rotatable about an axis of rotation A, which coincides with the central longitudinal axis of mounting pin 222. Axis A is at a distance H from the upper surface of beam 108 and a distance D from near end of the beam 108. Upper surface of beam 108 and end of beam 108 meet at a leading edge 109, which is at a distance Z from axis A.
Reference is made to
In use, mounting pin 222 of a support beam 108 may be retained in and supported by socket 224 of support arm 220 to suspend beam 108. This, in turn positions beam 108 relative to support head 106, and upstanding member 230. When mounting pin 222 is retained by socket 224, axis A will be positioned at the center of socket 224 and will be at a distance L from the center of support head 106.
As the incline angle of beam 108 is changed, mounting pin 222 will rotate about axis A within socket 224, and will remain retained within socket 224.
Conveniently, the shape of mounting pin 222 and socket 224 are complementary, so that mounting pin 222 may be rotated about axis A, allowing beam 108 to be pivoted about this axis. As socket 224 is complementary in size and shape to mounting pin 222, the axis of rotation A of mounting pin 222 does not materially move or change within socket 224—axis A remains substantially invariant within socket 224. Thus, with support arm 220 stationary, axis A does not change for different angular inclinations of beam 108.
In an embodiment, as depicted in
As shown in
As beam 108 pivots about axis A, the horizontal distance between its leading edge 109 and the center of support head 106 will also change. Notably, as beam 108 rotates about axis A, the leading edge 109 of beam 108 moves along the arc of a circle of radius Z having its center at axis A. Therefore, the horizontal distance X between leading edge 109 of beam 108 and center of support head 106 may be expressed as a function of incline angle θ of beam 108 relative to the horizontal with the function:
The gap between adjacent forming panels 102 is maximized when adjacent beams 108 are both sloping down relative to support head 106 (as shown in
In one exemplary embodiment, the upper surface of beam 108 is at a distance of about 100 mm from the center of mounting pin 222, the end of upper beam 108 is at a distance of about 30 mm from the center of mounting pin 222, and the center of socket 224 is about 100 mm from the center of support head 106 (i.e. H=100 mm, D=30 mm, L=100 mm). The maximum incline angle of a beam 108 and the forming panels 102 associated therewith may be approximately plus or minus 5 degrees relative to the horizontal. The maximum and minimum gap between forming panels 102 in the exemplary embodiment are thus approximately 125 mm and 93 mm respectively, and a compensation-strip 110 of approximately 140 mm may be used to fill gaps 112 between panels 102.
Reference is made to
Beam 108-L is supported by support arms 220 of support head 106-L at one end and by support arms 220 of support head 106-R at a second end in a level position. Beam 108-R is supported by support arms 220 of support head 106-R at one end and by support arms 220 of a second support head (not shown) at a second end (not shown) in a level position. When beam 108 is supported by support arm 220, the mounting pin 222 of beam 108 is supported by socket 224 of support arm 220.
Each beam 108 has protrusions 240 extending upwardly from an upper surface of the beam. Each protrusion 240 is configured to engage the lower surface of a forming panel 102 to prevent lateral movement of the forming panel 102 along beam 108.
Reference is made to
Support arm 220 of support head 106 may be moved vertically downwards by adjusting the height of a vertically extending post upon which support head 106 is mounted. Alternatively, support arm 220 may be vertically movable relative to central upstanding member 230.
As the height of support head 106-R decreases, the height of mounting pins 222 supported thereon also decreases. Since the height of support arms (not shown) supporting the other ends of beams 108 remain constant, the decrease in the height of support head 106-R causes mounting pin 222 to rotate within the sockets 224 of support arm 220. Since beams 108 have a fixed length, the change in height of mounting pin 222 will result in a lateral shift of the opposite end of beam 108. Further, any forming panels 102 resting on beam 108 which are laterally secured by protrusions 240 will move laterally along with beam 108.
In formwork system 100, such lateral shift may be accommodated by slack in the coupling between support heads 106 and vertically extending posts (not shown). For example, support heads 106 may be loosely coupled to vertically extending posts (not shown) such that a support head 106 may have a range of lateral movement of about plus or minus 4 mm relative to its connected vertically extending post. Further, the vertically extending post (not shown) may shift laterally to accommodate the lateral shift of beam 108.
In one embodiment, beam 108 is approximately 2.4 m long and a decrease in the height of a support head 220 at one end of the beam 108 by approximately 220 mm will result in a lateral shift of only about 9 mm at the opposing end of beam 108. Further, the decrease in height of support head 220 will cause beam 108 to incline up relative to the support head 106 at an angle of about 5 degrees.
As shown in
Reference is made to
As the height of support head 106-R increases, the height of mounting pins 222 supported thereon also increases. Since the height of support arms (not shown) supporting the other ends of beams 108 remain constant, the increase in the height of support head 106-R causes mounting pin 222 to rotate within the sockets 224 of support arm 220. Since beams 108 have a fixed length, the change in height of mounting pin 222 will result in a lateral shift of the opposite end of beam 108. Further, any forming panels 102 resting on beam 108 which are laterally secured by protrusions 240 will move laterally along with beam 108. As described above, such lateral shift may be accommodated by slack in the coupling between support heads 106 and vertically extending posts (not shown), or by lateral shifting by the vertically extending post (not shown).
In an embodiment, beam 108 is approximately 2.4 m long and an increase in the height of a support head 220 at one end of the beam 108 by approximately 220 mm will result in a lateral shift of only about 9 mm at the opposing end of beam 108. Further, the increase in height of support head 220 will cause beam 108 to incline down relative to the support head 106 at an angle of about 5 degrees.
As shown in
Reference is made to
The increase in the height of the second support arm (not shown) causes mounting pin 222 of beam 108-R resting in socket 224 of support head 106-R to rotate. As the height of second support arm (not shown) increases, the height of the mounting pin (not shown) supported thereon also increases. Since beams 108 have a fixed length, the change in height of the mounting pin (not shown) supported by the second support arm (not shown) will induce a lateral shift of mounting pin 222 supported on support head 106-R towards the second support arm (not shown). Support head 106-R may shift relative to the vertically extending post (not shown) on which it is mounted. Alternatively or additionally, vertically extending post (not shown) may shift towards the second support arm (not shown) and thus shift support head 106-R towards second support arm (not shown). Consequential to any lateral shift by support head 106-R, mounting pin 222 of beam 108-L will also shift. The shift of beam 108-L may similarly be accommodated by slack in the couplings between support head (not shown) supporting opposing end of beam 108-L and its corresponding vertically extending post (not shown). Alternatively or additionally, the shift of beam 108-L may be accommodated by lateral shifting by the vertically extending posts (not shown) at either ends of beam 108-L.
In addition, the gap between forming panels 102 supported by beam 108-L and forming panels 102 supported by beam 108-R is relatively smaller in
As described above in reference to
Reference is now made to
Stopper 227 is hollow and is larger in size than upstanding member 230, such that stopper 227 maybe inserted over central upstanding member 230. In one embodiment, stopper 227 is approximately 70 mm long, 58 mm wide and 25 mm tall. In contrast, central upstanding member 230 is smaller in size (for example, 40 mm×40 mm in size). In one embodiment, stopper 227 is made of a metallic material, such as aluminum or steel.
In one embodiment, stopper 227 includes through-holes 327 and central upstanding member 230 includes corresponding through-hole 727. Through-hole 327 and through-hole 727 may be aligned when stopper 227 is inserted over central upstanding member 230. To removably secure the two members to one another, pin 269 may be inserted into through-hole 327 of stopper 227 and into corresponding through-hole 727 of central upstanding member 230. In use, stopper 227 provides an abutment surface for saddle member 915 (shown in
One example embodiment of support arm block 225 of support head 106 is illustrated in isolation in
In one embodiment, the plates of support arm block 225 are made of a metallic material, such as aluminum or steel. The plates may be secured to one another by welding.
In one embodiment, support arm block 225 includes two support arms 220, mounted at opposing sides of support arm block 225. In one embodiment, the distance between the two support arms 220 is approximately 200 mm.
Each support arm 220 may be a plate 420. Plate 420 provide socket 224 upon which mounting pin 222 of beam 108 may be supported.
Plates 420 may be made of a metallic material, such as aluminum or steel. Plates 420 may interlock with central block 445 of support arm block 225. In one embodiment, support arms 220 are welded to central block 445.
One example embodiment of a plate 420 of support arm 220 of support arm block 225 is illustrated in isolation in
In one embodiment, rounded portion 525 is semi-circular, has a diameter of about 21 mm and sweeps out an arc of about 180 degrees. Notably, the diameter of rounded portion 525 may be marginally larger than the diameter of the mounting pin 222 supported therein. For example, the diameter of rounded portion 525 may be about 1 mm larger than the diameter of its corresponding mounting pin 222.
Rounded portion 525 is displaced from the central block 445 by flat portion 522 to provide beam 108 with clearance to rotate about mounting pin 222. In one embodiment, flat portion 522 may extend 25 to 35 mm away from central block 445.
Inclined portion 524 may be helpful in guiding mounting pin 222 into rounded portion 525. In one embodiment, inclined portion 524 extends up and away from the top of rounded portion 525 by about 10 mm to 20 mm.
In one embodiment, plate 420 is approximately 6 mm thick.
Vertical portion 526 may be helpful in preventing mounting pin 222 from rolling out of support arm 220 when only one end of beam 108 is supported, and thus also prevents beam 108 from falling. In one embodiment, vertical portion 526 extends up by 10 to 20 mm from the top of inclined portion 524.
In one embodiment, each plate 420 also has a tapered end 528 extending upwardly from vertical portion 526. Tapered end 528 may have a tapered slope extending from vertical portion 526, which may help direct mounting pin 222 towards rounded portion 525 of side plate 420. Further, in one embodiment, the outer edge of tapered end 528 may be curved to minimize sharp edges and reduce the likelihood of injury to a worker.
In some embodiments, tapered end 528 has a width ranging from 20 to 30 mm and a height ranging from 15 to 22 mm.
An example embodiment of upper support 250 for supporting a compensation-strip 110 is shown in isolation in
In one embodiment, as shown in
In one embodiment, vertical portion 610 is hollow and is larger in size than upstanding member 230, such that vertical portion 610 maybe inserted over central upstanding member 230, as shown in
In one embodiment, vertical portion 610 includes through-hole 617 and central upstanding member 230 includes corresponding through-hole 717. Through-hole 617 and through-hole 717 are aligned when vertical portion 610 is inserted over central upstanding member 230. To removably secure the two members to one another, pin 267 may be inserted into through-hole 617 of vertical portion 610 of upper support 250 and into corresponding through-hole 717 (
In one embodiment, upper portion 620 is the top point of support head 106 (
Reference is made to
Central upstanding member 230 is an elongate member. In one embodiment, central upstanding member 230 may include an upper segment 722 with a rectangular profile and a lower segment 720 with a circular profile. For example, central upstanding member 230 may be approximately 340 mm tall and may have an upper segment 722 that is approximately 40 mm long, 40 mm wide and a lower segment 720 with a diameter of approximately 40 mm. In one embodiment, central upstanding member 230 is made of a metallic material, such as aluminum or steel. In one embodiment, central upstanding member 230 is hollow.
In one embodiment, central upstanding member 230 has cylindrical protrusions 265 attached at a bottom portion thereof to create an area of increased thickness towards the bottom portion of central upstanding member 230. In one embodiment, each cylindrical protrusion 265 is 10 mm thick and has a diameter of about 20 mm.
Base plate 710 has a void 715 in the center thereof. Central upstanding member 230 extends through void 715 of base plate 710 such that a lower segment 720 of central upstanding member 230 extends below base plate 710, and an upper segment 722 of central upstanding member 230 is above base plate 710. The central upstanding member 230 may be secured to base plate 710 at void 715, for example, by welding.
Base plate 710 may also be shaped to prevent beams from hitting support 105 which supports the beam. As shown in
In one embodiment, base portion 270 may be removably mounted on top of a vertically extending post (not shown). To allow for mounting, base plate 710 has notches 713 at each side thereof and through-holes 719 (
In one embodiment, the entirety of central upstanding member 230 may be positioned above base plate 710 such that there is no lower segment 720 to allow support head 106 to be mounted on a vertically extending post having no corresponding void.
In one embodiment, a V-shaped retaining spring 730 (see
Bottom notches 737 are configured to protrude through opening 735 in central upstanding member 230 to engage the interior of the void of vertically extending post (not shown) which receives lower segment 720 of central upstanding member 230, whilst top notches 732 protrude though openings 735 and further protrude through central void 715 of base plate 710 (
To remove support head 106 from a vertically extending post (not shown), top notches 732 may be struck to de-engage the bottom notches from pressing the interior of the void of vertically extending post. Retaining spring 730 may thus, in some embodiments, allow for attachment and detachment of support head 106 without the use of screws and bolts.
Reference is made to
As is known in the art, liquid concrete is first poured onto forming panels 102 supported by beams 108 and supports 105. Concrete sets and cures slowly over time and may take a few days to set and several weeks to fully cure. Forming panels 102 can usually be removed within a matter of days provided that supports 105 are maintained to support the concrete for a longer time (for example, a week or more, depending on the conditions). Early removal of forming panels 102 and beams 108 may reduce construction costs, as the same parts can be re-used to form higher floors. Thus, in example embodiments, support head 106 may include a release wedge 260 to allow for releasing forming panels 102 and beams 108 prior to removing supports 105.
Release wedge 260 and protrusions 265 provide a mechanism for releasing support arms 220 from a first position at a first height to a second position at a lower height. Release wedge 260 is supported by protrusions 265 in the first position (
Release wedge 260 defines a large central void 815. Central void 815 has a wide end and a narrow end. The narrow end has a width that is marginally larger than the width of central upstanding member 230 (for example, in one embodiment, central upstanding member 230 is 40 mm×40 mm; while the narrow end of void 815 has a width of 42 mm). The wide end of central void 815 has a width that is marginally larger than the width of central upstanding member 230 plus the thickness of the two protrusions 265 (for example, in one embodiment, each protrusion 265 is 10 mm thick for a total thickness of 60 mm; while the wide end of void 815 has a width of 62 mm).
Thus, protrusions 265 of to central upstanding member 230 can only pass through the wide end of central void 815 of release wedge 260. To release support arms 220 from the first position at the first height (
Reference is made to
In one embodiment, beam 108 is approximately 2.4 m long and 10 cm wide. Beams of different lengths may also be used (for example, in one embodiment, different beams 108 may have a length ranging from 4 feet to 8 feet). Beam 108 may be made of a lightweight material that can withstand the weight of concrete (for example, aluminum) to allow for easy manipulation of the beam.
In one example embodiment, beam 108 has a plurality of protrusions 240 extending upwardly from an upper surface thereof. Protrusions 240 may laterally secure forming panels 102 and prevent forming panels 102 from moving laterally. Protrusions 240 are positioned along the length of the upper surface of beam 108 in a pattern that corresponds to the type of forming panels 102 selected for use with beam 108. As shown in
In one embodiment, beam 108 has attached thereon a plurality of guides 940 extending upwardly from the upper surface of beam 108. Guides 940 are positioned along the length of the upper surface of beam 108 at the center to guide forming panels 102 into position. As shown in
In one example embodiment, beam 108 has attached to each end a saddle member 915 (shown in isolation in
Side plates 910 support mounting pin 222 in position proximate to the end of beam 108. Mounting pin 222 may, for example, be welded to each of side plates 910 such that mounting pin 222 protrudes perpendicularly from beam 108. As previously discussed, mounting pin 222 supports beam 108 on a support arm 220 of support 108.
In one embodiment, mounting pin 222 is made of a metallic material, such as aluminum or steel. In one embodiment, mounting pin 222 is cylindrical in shape and is approximately 70 mm long and has a diameter of 20 mm. Notably, the diameter of mounting pin 222 may be selected in dependence on the material used (for example, a less stiff material, such as aluminum, may require mounting pin 222 to have added thickness to properly support beam 108).
Reference is now made to
In one embodiment, compensation-strip 110 includes a panel 1002 mounted to a body 1004. The length of panel 1002 is selected to match the width of an associated forming panel 102. The width of panel 1002 is selected to span the gap 112 between adjacent panels 102 that form around support heads 106. As depicted in
The body 1004 of compensation-strip 110 is a rigid elongate member for supporting panel 1002. In one embodiment, body 1004 is made of a metallic material, such as aluminum or steel. In one embodiment, body 1004 is hollow for receiving hooks 1008 at either ends. As depicted in
Panel 1002 and body 1004 are connected together by a tongue and groove system. In an embodiment, tongue 1114 of body 1004 slides into groove 1112 of panel 1002 to secure panel 1002 to body 1004. Stoppers 1006 may be provided at the ends of panel 1002 and 1004 to prevent panel 1002 from sliding off body 1004. Stopper 1006 may be configured to interlock with and frictionally engage the tongue and groove system of panel 1002 and body 1004. Further, stopper 1006 may be bound to panel 1002 or body 1004, for example, by an adhesive.
In use, hook 1008 hooks onto bar 624 of upper portion 620 of upper support 250 of support head 106 and the edges of panel 1002 rest on adjacent forming panels 102 (
In an embodiment as depicted in
In
Of course, the above described embodiments are intended to be illustrative only and in no way limiting. The described embodiments are susceptible to many modifications of form, arrangement of parts, details and order of operation. The invention is intended to encompass all such modification within its scope, as defined by the claims.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/US2020/013975 | 1/17/2020 | WO |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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WO2020/150539 | 7/23/2020 | WO | A |
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