The present invention relates to a foundation with chain blades during construction and its construction method, which belongs to the field of civil engineering foundation construction.
By adopting the integral excavation construction method, the existing large-scale pile foundation technology is of long construction period, high labor intensity and poor working environment safety.
The existing underground diaphragm wall technology is to excavate a long narrow trench on the ground by groover under the protection of slurry supporting, hang a reinforcement cage in the trench, and cast underwater concrete to construct one section of trench, so as to proceed by sections. Its main shortcomings: 1) It is difficult to control and verify the quality of underwater construction in the trench, and the construction period is long; 2) The interface between trench sections is difficult to construct, which may result in water leakage; 3) The groover is relatively tall, and the application conditions are limited due to its movement along the perimeter.
The existing breakwater generally adopts concrete armor blocks on bottom riprap heaps and rock filling prisms, or reinforced concrete caissons or large diameter cylinder structures, which is of a huge construction quantity, long construction period and high cost.
The existing caisson foundation technology is to excavate in wells and form foundations by overcoming the frictional resistance of the well wall relying on its own gravity, to sink to the design elevation and seal the bottom. Its main shortcomings: long construction period; high cost; deviation correction difficulty; it is difficult for the cutting edge to overcome boulder at the well bottom and other obstacles, which may cause sudden sinking and accidents.
The existing caisson basic technology needs to pump compressed air, to provide working conditions and compress the water out of the working chamber. Its main shortcomings: complex equipment, limited working time, low efficiency, high cost, difficult bottom sealing construction, and limited depth, which may easily cause occupational diseases under high pressure conditions.
Current dam foundations generally adopt diversion structures and cofferdam structures to create dry construction conditions, which is of a large excavation earthwork and a huge construction quantity. At the completion of the dam, the cofferdam needs to be removed. It is of long construction period and high cost.
For the existing revetment and wharf foundations, excavators are generally adopted for excavation, and ditches or catchment wells for drainage. Cofferdam is also needed outside the revetment bank. In order to prevent large scale settlement, the daily masonry height is limited. It is of the long construction period and high cost.
The existing ship lock foundation is generally built by excavating passages through mountains. The earthwork excavation project is of huge scale, long construction period and high cost.
The existing pier foundation generally builds cofferdam first, pumps water, and carry out pier foundation construction in the cofferdam. Water will continue to infiltrate into the cofferdam, which needs to be continuously pumped out, to obtain dry construction conditions. It is of poor construction environment and not safe.
The present invention provides a foundation with chain blades during construction and its construction method. Its object is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology.
For application in the field of pile foundation, its main advantages: 1) The column foundation can be fabricated at the prefabrication site in sections or as a whole, or cast in the fixed formwork on-site while descending, which is of easy construction; 2) The structure is simple; 3) Sink as a whole on site, which is of short construction period and low cost.
For application in the field of underground diaphragm walls, its main advantages: 1) The underground diaphragm walls can be fabricated at the prefabrication site in sections, or cast in the fixed formwork on-site while descending, which is of easy construction, good quality and highly detectable; 2) Sink as a whole on site, which is of a short construction period and low cost, especially for the underground diaphragm walls that are permanent load-bearing walls; 3) The driving device of the chain blade does not need to be moved and the section of the chain blade above ground can be arranged horizontally, which is widely used.
For application in the field of breakwater, its main advantages: 1) The breakwaters can be fabricated in the prefabricated site in sections, or assembled on site before descending as a while, which is of good quality; 2) It is of a short construction period and low cost; 3) Especially suitable for deep water area.
For application in the field of open caisson foundation, its main advantages: 1) The open caisson foundation can be fabricated at the prefabrication site in sections, or cast in the fixed framework on site while descending, which is of easy construction and good quality; 2) Sink as a whole on site, which is of a short construction period and low cost; 3) Especially suitable for the construction of bounder at the well bottom or other obstacles.
For application in the field of caisson foundation, its main advantages: 1) The caisson foundation can be fabricated at the prefabrication site in sections, or cast in the fixed formwork on site while descending, which is of easy construction; 2) Sink as a whole on site, which is of a short construction period and low cost; 3) Workers do not need to work under high pressure.
For application in the field of dam foundation, its main advantages: 1) During construction of a dam foundation, adopt the segmented cofferdam construction method. By building a dam in the manner of the cofferdam, the cofferdam also becomes the main structure of the dam. 2) The diversion tunnel reserved on the dam body is constructed for diversion, and no additional diversion structure is needed. 3) It is not necessary to remove the cofferdam, which is of the shorter construction period and low cost.
For application in the field of revetment and wharf foundations, its main advantages: 1) It is not necessary to build cofferdams, which allows simple construction; 2) Sink as a whole on site, which is of a short construction period and low cost.
For application in the field of ship lock foundations, its main advantages: 1) The ship lock foundations can be descended as a whole or by blocks, which is of a short construction period; 2) Foundation frame can be used as foundation pit support. Rock and soil excavation in the foundation frame is safe, convenient, and of small earthwork amount.
For application in the field of bridge pier foundation, its main advantages: 1) The bridge pier foundation pre-fabricated at factory will settle as a whole on-site, which is of a short construction period; 2) The construction of bridge pier in water does not need a cofferdam, and deep foundation pit construction, etc., which is safe and convenient for construction.
The Technical Scheme of the Invention: a foundation with chain blades during construction and its construction method. During construction, the foundation 1 with chain blade at the bottom is equipped with a rock and soil conveying device inside or nearby, and the bottom of the foundation 1 is equipped with the track. During construction, the chain blade is installed on the track, which consists of chain blade and blade fixed on the chain for rock and soil excavation. The chain excavating device mainly consists of a chain blade and transmission device, and a transmission device mainly consists of a driving device and chain wheel, etc. During construction, the driving device drives the chain blade, to run along the track. The blade at the bottom of the foundation 1 excavates rock and soil and conveys it out through the rock and soil conveyor. The chain blade at the bottom of the foundation 1 descends along with foundation 1.
Construction methods can be divided into method A factory pre-fabricated foundation 1 and method B cast-in-place foundation 1;
The method A pre-fabricating method can be divided into the steps below:
1) Pre-fabricate the foundation by blocks or in batches at the factory;
2) Transport the assembled foundation 1 on-site and fix in place. Install chain blade on the track at the bottom of foundation 1;
3) Install chain driving device and connect the chain with chain blade;
4) Drive the chain. The chain blade excavates the rock and soil at the bottom and delivers it to the top through the rock and soil conveyor, and foundation 1 descends accordingly;
5) Grouting after removing chain blade at the design depth.
Except the bottom, cast in the fixed formwork on-site for foundation 1. During construction, fix the formwork and avoid any movement. Excavate the rock and soil at the bottom, and foundation 1 sinks while grouting. Chain excavating device consists of the bottom track, middle frame, upper device and chain blade. The bottom track is connected to the bottom of foundation 1; the bottom of the middle frame is connected to the bottom track, and the top to the upper device. The track with chains is installed in the middle frame, which is also one integral part of the reinforcement cage of foundation 1. The rock and vertical soil conveyor consists of the chain blades running upwards from the bottom and a closed chamber of the middle frame. With the descending of the bottom track, the middle frame also descends simultaneously. The upper device is fixed on the working platform or the top of the middle frame. The upper device is equipped with a chain driving device and a tensioning device. The chain of the bottom track is connected to the driving device and the tensioning device of the upper device through the middle frame. The method B cast-in-place method can be divided into the steps below:
1) Clear the site and build working platforms;
2) Assemble the track at the bottom, i.e. fix the bottom of foundation 1 in place. Install chain blade on the track at the bottom of foundation 1;
3) Assemble the middle frame, upper device and cast-in-place formwork;
4) Install chain driving device and tensioning device, to connect the chain blades of the bottom track and the upper device chain, so as to form a chain excavating device;
5) Fabricate a reinforcement cage and grout in the formwork;
6) Drive the chain. The chain blade excavates the rock and soil at the bottom of foundation 1 and delivers the excavated rock and soil to the top through the middle frame, and foundation 1 descends accordingly;
7) As the descending of the bottom of foundation 1, the foundation 1 in formwork descends while grouting;
8) Grout after removing chain blade at the design depth, and remove the grouting formwork.
Characteristics of the present invention: overcome the existing shortcomings of the current technology. As foundation 1 has its own excavating device, it may be pre-fabricated by blocks at the factory, or descend while casting in the fixed formwork on site, which is of low cost, a short construction period and simple construction, especially of the solid waterproof during overall descending.
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A rock and soil conveying device is set inside or nearby the foundation 1 with chain blade at the bottom during construction. The bottom of the foundation 1 is equipped with the track. During construction, the chain blade is installed on the track, which consists of chain blade and blade fixed on the chain for rock and soil excavation. The chain excavating device mainly consists of a chain blade and transmission device, and a transmission device mainly consists of a driving device and chain wheel, etc. During construction, the driving device drives the chain blade, to run along the track. The blade at the bottom of the foundation 1 excavates rock and soil and convey it out through the rock and soil conveyor. The chain blade at the bottom of the foundation 1 descends along with foundation 1.
The closed-loop center line of the chain blade is at the bottom of foundation 1.
The vertical rock and soil conveying device is a vertical screw conveyor, with the inlet at the bottom of the middle part of the chain blade or the end of the chain blade. The vertical screw conveyor is located on one side of the chain blade or in the middle of the multi-row chain blade.
The chain blade is a multi-row chain blade along the transverse direction. The multi-row chain blade excavates simultaneously or separately as necessary.
The construction method can be divided into method A—factory prefabricated foundation 1 and method B—cast-in-place foundation 1;
Method A pre-fabricating method can be divided into the steps below:
1) Pre-fabricate the foundation by blocks or in batches at the factory 1;
2) Transport the assembled foundation 1 on-site and fix in place. Install chain blade on the track at the bottom of foundation 1;
3) Install chain driving device and connect the chain with chain blade;
4) Drive the chain. The chain blade excavates the rock and soil at the bottom and delivers it to the top through the rock and soil conveyor, and foundation 1 descends accordingly;
5) Grout after removing chain blade at the design depth.
Method B Cast-In-Place Method Except for the bottom, cast in the fixed formwork on site for foundation 1. During construction, fix the formwork and avoid any movement. Excavate the rock and soil at the bottom, and foundation 1 sinks while grouting. Chain excavating device consists of the bottom track, middle frame, upper device and chain blade. The bottom track is connected to the bottom of foundation 1; the bottom of the middle frame is connected to the bottom track, and the top to the upper device. The track with chains is installed in the middle frame, which is also one integral part of the reinforcement cage of foundation 1. The rock and vertical soil conveyor consists of the chain blades running upwards from the bottom and a closed chamber of the middle frame. With the descending of the bottom track, the middle frame also descends simultaneously. The upper device is fixed on the working platform or the top of the middle frame. The upper device is equipped with a chain driving device and a tensioning device. The chain of the bottom track is connected to the driving device and the tensioning device of the upper device through the middle frame. Method B cast-in-place method can be divided into the steps below:
1) Clear the site and build working platforms;
2) Assemble the track at the bottom, i.e. fix the bottom of foundation 1 in place. Install chain blade on the track at the bottom of foundation 1;
3) Assemble the middle frame, upper device and cast-in-place formwork;
4) Install chain driving device and tensioning device, to connect the chain blades of the bottom track and the upper device chain, so as to form a chain excavating device;
5) Fabricate a reinforcement cage and grout in the formwork;
6) Drive the chain. The chain blade excavates the rock and soil at the bottom of foundation 1 and delivers the excavated rock and soil to the top through the middle frame, and foundation 1 descends accordingly;
7) As the descending of the bottom of foundation 1, the foundation 1 in formwork descends while grouting;
8) Grout after removing chain blade at the design depth, and remove the grouting formwork.
The foundation 1 is straight piles.
The foundation 1 consists of several straight piles, which are constructed integrally or separately on-site.
The foundation 1 is underground diaphragm walls and/or breakwaters.
The foundation 1 is an open caisson foundation and/or caisson foundation.
The caisson foundation includes the upper chamber. The surrounding load-bearing walls of the caisson foundation are underground diaphragm walls. The upper chamber of the caisson foundation is assembled on the ground. The bottom of the load bearing walls around the upper chamber is equipped with tracks. The track is equipped with multi-row chain blades for rock and soil excavation, which excavate the rock and soil at the bottom of the chamber while operating on the bottom track, and deliver the excavated rock and soil out.
The foundation 1 is a dam foundation and/or ship lock foundation.
The foundation 1 is a revetment foundation and/or wharf foundation.
The foundation 1 is a bridge foundation.
The chain blade is a chain in the widest sense, including caterpillar, rope and flexible belt.
The technical scheme of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the drawings attached: As shown in
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1) Pre-fabricate foundation 1 at the factory by blocks. Transport the assembled foundation 1 on site and fix in place. Install chain blade 3 on the track at its bottom. Install chain driving device 4 and other devices. Install the chain 3-1 with excavating blades, as shown in figure a;
2) Drive chain 3-1. The chain blade excavates the rock and soil at the bottom and delivers it to the top through the rock and soil conveying device 7, and foundation 1 descends accordingly, as shown by b in the figure;
3) After descending to a set depth, assemble the pre-fabricated parts of foundation 1 on the ground, or assemble while sinking, as shown in Figure c;
4) Grout after descending to the design depth or removing chain blade 3, as shown in Figure d.
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1) Clear the site and build working platforms;
2) Assemble the track at the bottom B-1 and cast formwork B-4, i.e. fix the bottom of foundation 1 in place. Install chain blade 3 on the track at the bottom of foundation 1;
3) Assemble middle frame B-2 and upper device B-3;
4) Install chain driving device 4 and tensioning device 5. Integrate bottom track B-1, middle frame B-2, upper device B-3 and chain 3-1, to form chain excavating device 2;
5) Fabricate reinforcement cage, weld middle frame B-2 to reinforcement cage. The middle frame is also an integral part of the cast-in-place formwork;
6) Cast concrete in formwork B-4;
7) Drive chain 3-1. Chain blade 3 excavates the rock and soil at the bottom, and delivers the excavated rock and soil through middle frame B-2 to the top. Foundation 1 descends accordingly;
8) As the excavation at the bottom of foundation 1, foundation 1 of formwork B-4 descends while grouting;
9) Grout after removing chain blade 3 at design depth; 10) Remove the parts of the upper device and the middle frame that are higher than foundation 1, and remove the cast-in-place formwork; The contents above described straight pile 8-1, and the structures of foundation 1 below can be deemed as the combinations of several straight piles.
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Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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201710039290.4 | Jan 2017 | CN | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/CN2018/072519 | 1/13/2018 | WO | 00 |