Patent Grant
8061326
The scope of this system described herein is to provide a solution to the construction of an engine which will provide a noticeable improvement in power generation with a given quantity of fuel power density. Types of fuel are not restricted to a single kind such as gasoline. Many devices that convert a form of rotational energy to another form of energy will benefit with the application of this system described herein.
For purposes of demonstration, the four cylinder internal fuel combustion engine will be used without restriction of applications to engines with more than four or less than four cylinders or no cylinders at all.
For better description of the prior art, copies of entries contained in the Wikipedia encyclopedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) are stated herein in quotations.
“An internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs in a combustion chamber inside and integral to the engine. In an internal combustion engine it is always the expansion of the high temperature and pressure gases that are produced by the combustion which apply force to the movable component of the engine, such as the pistons or turbine blades.”
“The term internal combustion engine usually refers to an engine in which combustion is intermittent, such as the more familiar four-stroke and two-stroke piston engines, along with variants, such as the Wankel rotary engine. A second class of internal combustion engines use continuous combustion: jet engines (including gas turbines) and most rockets, each of which are internal combustion engines on the same principle as previously described.”
“The internal combustion engine (or ICE) contrasts with the external combustion engine, such as a steam or Stirling engine in which the energy is delivered within a working fluid heated in a boiler by fossil fuel, wood-burning, nuclear, solar etc.”
“A large number of different designs for ICEs have been developed and built, with a variety of different strengths and weaknesses. While there have been and still are many stationary applications, the real strength of internal combustion engines is in mobile applications and they completely dominate as a power supply for cars, aircraft, and boats, from the smallest to the biggest. Only for hand-held power tools do they share part of the market with battery powered devices. Powered by an energy-dense fuel (nearly always liquid, derived from fossil fuels) the ICE delivers an excellent power-to-weight ratio with very few safety or other disadvantages.”
Applications
“Internal combustion engines are most commonly used for mobile propulsion in vehicles and portable machinery. In mobile equipment, internal combustion is advantageous since it can provide high power-to-weight ratios together with excellent fuel energy density. Generally using fossil fuel (mainly petroleum), these engines have appeared in transport in almost all vehicles (automobiles, trucks, motorcycles, boats, and in a wide variety of aircraft and locomotives).”
“Internal combustion engines appear in the form of gas turbines as well where a very high power is required, such as in jet aircraft, helicopters, and large ships. They are also frequently used for electric generators and by industry.”
Power Output Limit
“The amount of power generated by a four-stroke engine is related to its speed. The speed is ultimately limited by material strength. Valves, pistons and connecting rods (where applicable) suffer severe acceleration forces. At high engine speed, physical breakage and piston ring flutter can occur, resulting in power loss or even engine destruction. Piston ring flutter occurs when the rings oscillate vertically within the piston grooves they reside in. Ring flutter compromises the seal between the ring and the cylinder wall which results in a loss of cylinder pressure and power. If an engine spins too quickly, valve springs cannot act quickly enough to close the valves. This is commonly referred to as ‘valve float’, and it can result in piston to valve contact, severely damaging the engine.”
Intake/Exhaust Port Flow
“The output power of an engine is dependent on the ability of intake (air-fuel mixture) and exhaust matter to move quickly through valve ports, typically located in the cylinder head. To increase an engine's output power, irregularities in the intake and exhaust paths, such as casting flaws, can be removed, and, with the aid of an air flow bench, the radii of valve port turns and valve seat configuration can be modified to reduce resistance. This process is called porting, and it can be done by hand or with a CNC machine . . . .”
The Otto Cycle
“The four-stroke engine was first patented by Eugenio Barsanti and Felice Matteucci in 1854, followed by a first prototype in 1860. It was also conceptualized by French engineer, Alphonse Beau de Rochas in 1862. However, the German engineer Nicolaus Otto was the first to develop a functioning four-stroke engine, which is why the four-stroke principle today is commonly known as the Otto cycle and four-stroke engines using spark plugs often are called Otto engines.”
“1879: Karl Benz, working independently, was granted a patent for his internal combustion engine, a reliable two-stroke gas engine, based on the same technology as Nikolaus Otto's design of the four-stroke engine. Later, Benz designed and built his own four-stroke engine that was used in his automobiles, which were developed in 1885, patented in 1886, and became the first automobiles in production.”
Four-Stroke Cycle Operation
“Idealised Pressure/volume diagram of the Otto cycle showing combustion heat input Qp and waste exhaust output Qo, the power stroke is the top curved line, the bottom is the compression stroke.”
“Engines based on the four-stroke (“Otto cycle”) have one power stroke for every four strokes (up-down-up-down) and employ spark plug ignition. Combustion occurs rapidly, and during combustion the volume varies little (“constant volume”). They are used in cars, larger boats, some motorcycles, and many light aircraft. They are generally quieter, more efficient, and larger than their two-stroke counterparts.”
“The steps involved here are:
Mechanical Description of the Four Cycle Otto Engine
Very many reciprocating internal combustion engines end up turning a shaft. This means that the linear motion of a piston must be turned into a rotation. This is typically achieved by a crankshaft.
Referring to
The crankshaft 105, sometimes referred to as crank, is the part of an engine which translates reciprocating linear piston motion into rotation. To convert the reciprocating motion into rotation, the crankshaft has “crank throws” or “crankpins” 106, 107, 108, 109. The crankpins have bearing surfaces whose axis is offset from that of the crank 105 by a pre-calculated distance 115. To these bearing surfaces, connecting rods 103 from each cylinder attach.
The crankshaft 105 has in line bearing surfaces which rotate within split bearings 110 which are part of the main Engine Block 111. The shaft, typically, connects at the ends to a flywheel 112 and other parts required for the proper operation of the engine. The flywheel stores rotational energy that is used to reduce the pulsation characteristic of the four-stroke cycle. Sometimes a torsional or vibrational damper 113 is connected at the opposite end of the shaft to reduce the torsion vibrations often caused along the length of the crankshaft.
The connecting rods 103 connect to the pistons with cylindrical pins to allow pivoting of the connecting rod in the process of the rotation of crankshaft.
The piston 102 moves 114 linearly up and down within the cylinder wall 101.
Transferring reciprocating motion to rotary motion was made possible by connecting the crankshaft crankpins 106, 107, 108, 109, to corresponding pistons by the connecting rods 103.
In the four cycle engine, the crankpins are arranged in pairs. For this example, 106 is paired with 107 and 108 with 109. The crankpins 106 and 107 are 180 degrees opposite to pair 108 and 109. The degree of separation between pairs for engines with more than four cylinders is less than 180 degrees around the crank axis. When one cylinder of the pair is in the compression cycle (piston moves from bottom to top) to compress the mixture of air and vaporized fuel, the other cylinder of the pair is in the exhaust cycle, (piston moves from bottom to top) to exhaust the gasses after the combustion cycle.
Referring to
Mixture 200 is compressed and combustion builds the highest pressure 204 at point 3 at which point the piston is forced by combustion in the downward direction. As the curve 202 shows, the pressure decreases until the piston is to its extreme down position at point 4. At that point the pressure is at its minimum and further useful work is not extracted from the pressure of gasses. The gasses at that point will be exhausted with the upward motion of the piston. The upward motion of the piston will occur with the next combustion cycle in another cylinder as the rotation is sustained. Combustion occurs every 180 degrees from the previous combustion of a different cylinder.
During the time between combustions, the stored energy in the flywheel and other mechanical parts on the crankshaft will maintain rotation. The faster the rotation of the shaft and the flywheel the more the power generated. The power generated is proportional to the energy density of the mixture inside the cylinder at combustion time. The power generated with combustion is not constant as it is shown in the power curve 202. In the four cylinder engine, the spike of power occurs every 180 degrees. The more often combustions occur within the 180 degrees of rotation the more powerful the rotation. That is, six cylinder engines are more powerful than four and eight more powerful than six and so on.
Terminology
Each defined term is shown in its singular format, but may also be used herein in a plural format.
The term “crankshaft” or “crank” will be used to refer to that part of the engine whose motion is rotational.
The term “Master” or “Main” is used interchangeably to relate to the crankshaft that is attached to the cylinders by connecting rods.
The term “Master Crank” or “MC” will be used to describe the crank whose crankpins attach to the pistons of the cylinders and to the Load Crankpins.
The term “Load Crank” or “LC” will be used to describe the crankshaft that operates all loads attached to it. It receives its energy from the Main Crank.
The term “Load” is used to refer to the Load Crank and to the loads attached to Load Crank, such as the converter, transmission and other components.
The term “crank throw” or “crankpin” will be used to describe offset portions of the crank. Crankpin axis is parallel to the axis of rotation. It is used to attach split bearings of connecting rods.
The term “Load connecting rod” or “Load rod” is used to refer to the rod that connects the Master Crank to the Load Crank.
The term “piston connecting rod” is used to refer to the rod that connects each Master crankpin to the piston of each cylinder.
The term “Load crankpin” is used to refer to the crankpins of the Load Crank.
The term “Master crankpin” is a term applied to the crankpins of the Main Crank.
The word “Engine Block” or “Block” is referring to the solid engine body.
The term “supporting crankpin” is a term associated to crankpins that do not connect directly to pistons.
The term “bearing” will be used to describe the split bearing that is used to attach connecting rods to Master crankpins and to Load crankpins.
The term “flywheel” will be used to describe any attachment to the MC and LC to provide means for storing rotational energy. The stored rotational energy, due to inertia, is used to smooth out the power delivery over each rotation of the crank. Other required functional parts could be attached to flywheels.
It is the purpose of system described herein to provide means and methods by which the power density of a given fuel and air mixture within a cylinder will provide power due to combustion that will be multiplied in the process of being applied to a Load. The example described herein uses a four cylinder four stroke engine without diminishing the object of the system described herein if applied to other configurations of internal combustion engines and to mechanisms that convert rotational power to some other form such as electrical and or kinetic.
Multiplication of Power
The System described herein does not alter combustion for a given power density of fuel, but rather it operates as a different system of mechanical attachments to multiply overall power output generation.
The Otto engine portion, up to and not including crankshaft from the current Otto cycle engine is not the object of the system described herein.
Rather, the most noticeable difference is that the System described herein does not have the conventional load of the typical Otto engine applied to the engine crankshaft. Instead, the conventional load is applied to a different crankshaft (called a Load Crank). No load is applied to the original Otto engine crankshaft (Master Crank).
The Master Crank and Load Crank are connected with rods and include other mechanical means resulting in considerable power generation with the same given fuel density.
The descriptions of the mechanisms of the system described herein to achieve the multiplication of power are explained in greater detail in the specification of the system described herein.
Due to the arrangement of the crankpins of the Otto engine, the PUSH/PULL action on the Load Crank results in torque generation as if the crankpin of the Load Crank were twice as long as the Otto crank length.
In other words, if a power F is delivered to the load by the conventional Otto engine (with a given fuel density and other conditions), then the power delivered to the same load attached to the Load Crank with the same fuel density (and all other conditions constant) is nF where n>1.
The configuration described in the specification contains several elements to assist in the multiplication of power applied to the load:
In accordance with a first aspect of the system described herein, the engine consists of a Block that internally houses crankshafts, connecting rods, cylinders, pistons, cams, and all other supporting parts vital to other components, internal or external, for proper operation. The external shape of the Block is influenced by how the internal components are housed.
In accordance with a second aspect of the system described herein, the engine includes and operates with two or more crankshafts, or cranks, as they are commonly known.
For the description of the system described herein, two cranks will be assumed without diminishing the importance and applicability of more than two cranks. In the case of two crank usage, one crank will be labeled as the Master Crank. The other crank will be labeled as the Load Crank. Naming of cranks in multiple crank applications is not included in the present description. The Master Crank and the Load Crank have the same number of crankpins to which connecting rods attach.
In accordance with a third aspect of the system described herein, for purposes of the system described herein description, each Master crankpin accommodates two connecting rods. One connecting rod is attached directly to a corresponding piston of a cylinder. The other connecting rod attaches to a corresponding crankpin of the Load Crank. In some designs, more than two connecting rods could be attached to the same Master crankpin. Design of crankpins will vary per engine design and application.
In accordance with a fourth aspect of the system described herein, piston travels linearly up and down within its cylinder. In the most up position of the piston, the fuel mixture is fully compressed. The combustion of the fuel and air mixture at the compressed state within the cylinder applies thrust energy to the piston causing it to move to its most down position. The up and down positions are determined by the length of offset of the Master crankpins from the main axis of the Master Crank. The linear motion of the piston causes rotational motion to the Master Crank. The rotational motion of the Master Crank causes reciprocating motion to the piston and rotational motion to the Load Crank.
In accordance with a fifth aspect of the system described herein, the Master Crank has main axis and attached crankpins. Said crankpins, referred herein as Master crankpins, are offset from the axis of rotation of the crank by a pre-determined distance. They are designed to accommodate split bearings of multiple connecting rods. One such connecting rod has a first end with a split bearing and a second end with a smooth circular ring. The split bearing of the rod connects to a Master crankpin and the second end of the rod connects with a circular pin of the corresponding piston.
In accordance with a sixth aspect of the system described herein, another type of connecting rod connects with a first split bearing to a Master crankpin and with a second split bearing to a Load crankpin.
In accordance with the seventh aspect of the system described herein, a connecting rod, referenced herein as the Load connecting rod, consists of a first split bearing at one end, a second split bearing at some predetermined distance away from the first split bearing, a continuation of the rod body some predetermined length extending away from the second split bearing and terminating to an end. At the termination point, a small bearing, known as the end roller bearing, can be attached.
In accordance with the eighth aspect of the system described herein, said bearing rotates against another surface at predetermined angle of rotation.
In accordance with the ninth aspect of the system described herein, instead of the bearing, the end of the Load connecting rod can be shaped and curved to provide frictionless travel against another surface during predetermined angle of rotation. The length from the center of second split bearing to the center of the end bearing of the rod is smaller than the length of the rod from the center of the first to the second split bearing. The ratio of the lengths is determined by design for best performance.
In accordance with the tenth aspect of the system described herein, the Master Crank has other crankpins, referred herein as supporting crankpins. Supporting crankpins accommodate the end split bearing of the Load connecting rod.
In accordance with an eleventh aspect of the system described herein, the Master Crank has ends that extend outside the Engine Block.
In accordance with a twelfth aspect of the system described herein, a first end of the Master Crank facilitates attachment of a first flywheel, external to the Engine Block, with gear teeth in the perimeter for starting the engine.
In accordance with a thirteenth aspect of the system described herein, the Master Crank has a second end to facilitate attachment of a second flywheel either external or internal to the Engine Block.
In accordance with a fourteenth aspect of the system described herein, the Master Crank has means to facilitate components applicable to the function of other components, such as gears and timing components.
In accordance with the fifteenth aspect of the system described herein, the Master Crank of the engine in the example has Master crankpins in pairs. Each Master crankpin of the pair is associated with a cylinder. Each pair of Master crankpins is offset to another pair of Master crankpins by 180 degrees around the axis of rotation. The crankpins of the same pair have zero degree offset between them. For other engine configurations, the degree of offset between pairs is other than 180 degrees.
In accordance with the sixteenth aspect of the system described herein, the Master supporting crankpins have an offset angle orientation suited for best operating performance. In relation to each pair of Master crankpins, the offset angle is between zero and 180 degrees. Supporting crankpins are used in pairs. Each supporting crankpin of the pair opposes the other crankpin of the same pair by 180 degrees around the axis of rotation. Supporting crankpins have a linear separation between them. The Master supporting crankpins can accommodate the split bearing of the first end of a Load connecting rod. The minimum number of supporting crankpins will be one pair.
In accordance with the seventeenth aspect of the system described herein, a second crankshaft or crank, referred herein as the Load Crank, is used. The Load Crank has Load crankpins and Load supporting crankpins. The Load Crank and the Master Crank are identical in crankpins and orientation of same. Other sections of the Load Crank not associated with crankpins can be different than the Master Crank if the design requires it. The distance of point of rotation between both cranks is determined by design. The distance between the split bearings of the Load connecting rod is equal to the distance of point of rotation between both cranks.
In accordance with a eighteenth aspect of the system described herein, rotational power derived from sources other than internal combustion means can be multiplied by application of Master Cranks and Load Cranks as described in this system. The number of crankpins of each crank incorporated in each design is determined by each application.
In accordance with the nineteenth aspect of the system described herein, the engine could have more than one Load Crank connected to the Master Crank. The connections and operation of each additional Load Crank is a duplicate of the one described in detail of the system described herein.
In accordance with a twentieth aspect of the system described herein, three crankshafts are used. One crankshaft, the Main, is connected to the cylinders. The other two, the Load Cranks, are placed one on each side of the Main at predetermined distance. All cranks are connected with Load connecting rods at corresponding crankpins. Both Load Cranks at the same end bear a tooth gear. The tooth gears are engaged to a third gear, the Load gear, which is used to drive the converter and transmission along with other required components. The rotational power derived from combustion drives all three cranks in the same rotation. However, the Load gears are driven in a push/pull mode.
In accordance with the twenty first aspect of the system described herein, the length of the Load crankpin and the corresponding crankpin that is part of the Master Crank are equal in offset length and longer than the offset of the Master crankpin that connects to the cylinder connecting rod.
In accordance with a twenty second aspect of the system described herein, there exists a phase relationship between the crankpin of the Master Crank that connects to the cylinder connecting rod and the crankpin of the Master Crank that connects to the corresponding crankpin of the Load Crank.
These, and further features of the system described herein, may be better understood with reference to the accompanying specification and drawings depicting the embodiments described herein, in which:
The arrangement of the cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, supporting blocks and other components shown herein are for demonstration of the operation.
The system described herein is better explained by reference to drawings described above, and to the detailed descriptions of the system described herein.
Detailed Description of the New Engine
Reference to attached drawings will follow for the detailed description.
For description of the system described herein, a configuration of a four cylinder engine will be used without exclusion of other configurations of internal combustion engines and other mechanisms that provide rotational energy as an input to the engine or mechanism of the system described herein.
Referring to
Two cranks 301 and 302 are employed. Crank 302 is the Master Crank. It is the only crank that is associated directly with the four cylinders A, B, C and D. It has four crankpins 317 associated with the four pistons 310 of the four cylinders 311 (A, B, C, D).
A connecting rod 303, one for each piston 310, connects one end with split bearing 321 to each crankpin 317. The ring of the other end of each connecting rod 303 connects, by a round pin, to each piston 310.
The main rotational axis of crank 302 rotates inside split bearings 319. The split bearings 319 are housed in slots of the main block of the engine indicated herein as blocks 309.
All blocks 309 on this drawing are part of the Engine Block. For reasons of description, blocks 309 are shown as separated from each other.
At the ends of Master Crank 302, flywheels 312 and 314 are attached. Either flywheel can have a ring gear to serve for starting the engine. The other flywheel may or may not be necessary. Other supporting parts, such as timing gears, cams and pulleys, not shown in this drawing can be attached to Master Crank.
The crankpins 317 associated with the four pistons 310 are arranged in pairs. The crankpins of each pair have zero degrees offset between them. The pairs, between them, have 180 degrees separation around the axis of rotation. When the pistons of cylinders B and C are in the most down position 315, the pistons of the cylinders A and D are in the most up position 310.
Crankpins 318 and 324 are not associated with any piston. They are designated as supporting crankpins. The offset orientation of crankpins 318 and 324, in relation to each pair of crankpins 317, is established by design. The number of 318 and 324 crankpins depends on space availability, cost and performance requirements. The minimum number of 318 and 324 crankpins for each crank is two. This will be explained in a later description.
Crank 301 is labeled as the Load Crank. In one design it is identical to crank 302. In another design, the crankpins of the Load Crank could have different axis length to which connecting rod split bearings attach. However, the number of crankpins, their offset axis and orientation is identical to crank 302.
Supporting crankpin 316 and 325 are identical to 318 and 324 in shape, size, bearing distance and orientation.
At one end of crank 301, a flywheel 313 is attached. To this flywheel, not shown, a converter is attached to drive the transmission. At the other end of the crank, pulleys 313a are attached to drive auxiliary components, such as alternators, water pump, compressors steering pumps and other.
The two cranks 301 and 302 are parallel to each other and are connected together with connecting rods 304, 320 and 323 at corresponding crankpins. Connecting rods 304, 320 and 323 could be identical in geometries and function as the design may require.
Connecting rods 304 are unique. At one end, they have a split bearing 307 to connect to the crankpin axis 317 along side to split bearing 321 of connecting rod 303 associated with each piston. At a distance equal to the separation of bearings 308 and 319 of cranks 301 and 302, there is another split bearing 305 to connect to the corresponding crankpin 322 of the Load Crank 301. All Load connecting rods have the same geometrical characteristics. For simplicity, without departing from the system described herein, not all rods, crankpins and bearings are numbered.
Connecting rods 304 extend beyond the split bearing 305 that connects to each crankpin of crank 301 Each one terminates to a roller bearing 306 or to a curved smooth surface. The distance between roller bearing 306 to split bearing 305 and the function will be explained in other drawings herein. Connecting rods 320 and 323 may or may not extend beyond the split bearing. If they do, they may be similar to rods 304.
Instead of a roller bearing, a smooth curved surface at the end of each Load rod could be formed. A separate part 915 with curved and smooth surface could be attached at the end of each Load rod to take the place of the roller bearing 908. Drawings are shown in
Referring to
Roller bearing 404 attached to the end of the Load connecting rod 403 is allowed to spin freely. All roller bearings at the end of the respective Load connecting rods are allowed to spin freely. There are two curvy surfaces 420 and 421 shown herein for explanation. They make contact with the end roller bearings 404 respectively. The rollers start contacting with surfaces 420 and 421 respectively, in this case, at the most up position of the rotation. Optimal point of contact will be decided at engine design time. For best performance, the exact point of contact is established at engine design time.
For this example, the curvy surfaces pivot at points 410 respectively. Pivot points are supported by solid supports 409 which are part of the Engine Block. Section 411 is also part of the Engine Block. The shape of supports shown herein is only for demonstration.
Surfaces 420 and 421 are controlled by cams 413 and 412 respectively. These cams, rotated by shaft 427, are timed appropriately to cause 420 and 421 respectively to start applying downward pressure to rollers 404 when they engage.
For this example, the ends of surfaces 420 and 421 are controlled by springs 424 and 425 or some other means to make them return to a normal non functional position.
This arrangement of surfaces 420 and 421 is only one of the many implementations that could be implemented. Herein it is used for explanation purposes. In no way they represent the only solution to applying pressure to rollers 404.
The downward motion 407 of piston 401 causes rod 403 to travel in direction 415 and the rod 416 to direction 426. This action produces push pull forces to be applied to the Load Crank by virtue of crankpins 406 and 423.
Referring to
Referring to
Motion of piston 520 in downward motion 521 pushes Master crankpin 522, rod 524, Load crankpin 523 and roller bearing 525 in the direction 532 to start the circular motion indicated by traces 535, 536 and 537. Position shown is the most vertical one. At this point, the top of the roller bearing 525 makes contact with plate 526.
A shaft 533 attached to plate 526 starts the down motion through a circular housing of block 527 by control of cam 529 and its rotating shaft 528 in direction 534. The plate 526 will apply pressure to roller 525 for a quarter cycle of trace 537. This action will cause the roller to be the continuous fulcrum along the trace.
Other methods can be used to control the fulcrum creation without diminishing the system described herein.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
The geometry of the connecting rod 703 is such so that the main section (a) has length equal to a multiple of the length (b) or a=xb.
The value of (x) for best performance is determined at design time.
The circular motion of the crankpins 705 of crank 706 and 707 of crank 708 make the end of roller bearing 709 to scribe the same circular motion as the crankpins.
The top of the roller bearing that makes contact with surface 710 robs against the smooth face of 710.
A force is exerted on surface 710 by the rotation of the cam 711 in such a way so that a direct vertical force 711a is applied to the top of the roller bearing causing it to move downward. This adds to the downward component of force derived by the circular motion of the cranks.
The force exerted on the piston 700 by the expansion of the gases by combustion of the fuel mixture, is transmitted downward the cylinder and to the connecting rod 702 and is applied at the axis point of the Master crankpin.
The maximum force is available at the axis of crankpin 705 and is transferred to connecting rod 703 when the piston is at about the beginning of its downward motion as it is indicated as the maximum pressure point (3) in
Since the crankpin is part of the Master Crank, its motion is constrained to be rotational. The slippery surface of the Master Crank split bearing causes most of the energy to be transferred horizontally by the Load connecting rod to the crankpin 707 of the Load Crank.
At this point, the force applied to the Load crankpin generates the maximum rotational force on the Load Crank. The force on the connecting rod is perpendicular to the axis of the Load crankpin and does not break down to horizontal and vertical components. As the rotation continues, the applied rotational force to the crankpin diminishes due to reduction of pressure as shown in
At the Master crankpin 705 point, the force has two components, a horizontal one designated as FH and a vertical one designated as FV. The FV component is perpendicular to the connecting rod 703 at the Master crankpin axis connection.
The force at the top of the roller bearing 709 is, also, vertical and causes a fixed point of downward pressure at the direction of rotation for one quarter of the rotation.
An output downward force designated as FD is exerted at the point of the Load crankpin 707 axis.
Referring to
The cylinder of the pair not in compression is in the exhaust stroke. The Load connecting rods of both crankpins in the pair are moving in parallel. Both end roller bearings will see the same downward force applied by the downward movement of contacting surfaces. Therefore the FD force will be twice as large. This will cause faster acceleration of the rotation.
As the piston travels downward, the horizontal force on the connecting rod 703 diminishes and the component FV at crankpin location 705a becomes smaller and will continue to decrease as the piston bottoms out in the cylinder.
Because of the lever action, the incremental, due to rotation, downward circular direction 707a of the Load crankpin axis 707 will see a downward force FD larger than FV applied at Master crankpin axis 705a. The amount of output FD will be proportional to the force FV and the distance (a) between the two cranks.
The fulcrum location will change continuously in the direction of the circular trace of the roller contact to the surface 710 for quarter cycle. This will maintain the lever function.
Any method, not described herein, and used to provide a continuous fulcrum does not diminish the system described herein.
The maximum Load Crank torque is the product of the horizontal force applied at the axis of the Load crankpin perpendicular to the applied force.
If the force (f) is applied to the axis of Load crankpin with length (d), the resulting torque (T) on the Load Crank is T=fd foot-pounds.
As shown in
As described and shown in
The crankpin of each cylinder in the pair not involved in compression stroke is 180 degrees in opposing direction to the one in compression.
In
The opposing direction 415 and 426 of the Load connecting rods 403 and 416 causes a Push/Pull action on the Load Crank.
The force generated by the downward motion of the piston is applied to all crankpins of the Master Crank trough out the length. Consequently, all the Load connecting rods and Load crankpins see the same rotational force. The Load crankpins that create Push/Pull action to the Load Crank produce twice the torque on the Load Crank. Therefore, T=f(2d).
By the angle placement of the four crankpins on the Master Crank and Load Crank, there are two pushing rods and two pulling rods at any give time of the cycle. With more pairs of crankpins on the Master Crank and Load Crank, there are more pushing and pulling actions.
Aside from the crankpins associated to cylinders, there are other crankpins not related to cylinders. These crankpins are referred herein as supporting crankpins.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Supporting crankpins 837 and 838 are connected with Load rod 841 and supporting crankpins 844 and 842 are connected with Load rod 843.
Both cranks 823 and 824 are rotating through bearings 845 supported by same block 846 in the same direction 826 and 825.
At 90 degrees of rotation rods 828 and 834 are parallel on the same horizontal plane. Crankpins 829 and 827 are in the downward direction 830 and 831. At the same time, crankpins 832 and 833 are in the upward 836 and 835 direction.
Conversely, supporting crankpins 837 and 838 move in 840 direction and 844 and 842 move in the 847 direction.
When rods 828 and 834 are in the horizontal position moving in opposite direction, the downward force supplied by the piston 820 is substantially reduced. At this point, the continuation of crank rotation is depended mostly on existing rotational momentum and very little on the downward motion of the piston.
To further help in the rotation, the supporting crankpins in the Push/Pull mode of the rods 847 and 841 will increase the force of rotation due to rotational momentum and the application of the remaining downward force of the combustion. The force supplied by the connecting load rods 847 and 841 is perpendicular to the crankpins and at that point they supply the maximum force to the rotation of the cranks.
This action will help smooth the rotation between 180 degrees of firing of the cylinders.
Referring to
Referring to
In
The connecting rods 19, 20 and 21 are an extension of the rods shown in
The Main crank 27 has at one end a gear 23 to be driven by the starter motor 22. The other end accommodates a flywheel 18. The drawing, for explanation, indicates a rotation direction 16. The directional rotation of all shafts is shown as 16, 12 and 15.
Load Crank 28 has a gear 13 attached. Load Crank 26 has gear 17 attached. Gear 14 is attached to transmission 10 and is engaged with both gears 13 and 17. The size of the gears is determined by design for best performance. Gear 14 has a rotational direction 11.
Because of the direction of gears 13 and 17, gear 14 is subjected to push/pull forces thus increasing its torque power.
Flywheel 18 may not be employed, if necessary, to provide for closer spacing to the end of the Cranks. Flywheels 24 and 25 may or may not be used depending of the design.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Other embodiments are not restricted to the particular details described herein. The specifications and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. It will be apparent that improvements and modifications may be made within the purview of the describe system without departing from the scope of the system defined in the appended claims.
This application claims priority based on Provisional patent No. 61/271,648 (Jul. 24, 2009) for “Engine”.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1522326 | Reineke | Jan 1925 | A |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20110017167 A1 | Jan 2011 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61271648 | Jul 2009 | US |
