Patent Grant
11746636
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to fracturing apparatuses, control methods of the fracturing apparatuses, and fracturing systems.
In the field of oil and gas exploitation, fracturing technology is a method to make oil and gas reservoirs crack by using high-pressure fracturing liquid. Fracturing is the core technology for oilfield stimulation in conventional reservoirs and oilfield exploitation in unconventional reservoirs such as shale gas, shale oil and coal-bed methane. Fracturing technology may improve the flowing environment of oil and gas underground by causing cracks in oil and gas reservoirs, which may increase the output of oil wells. Therefore, it is widely used in conventional and unconventional oil and gas exploitation, offshore and onshore oil, and gas resources development.
Nowadays, the production of shale gas mostly adopts factory fracturing mode and zipper-type multi-well uninterrupted fracturing mode, which requires fracturing equipment to be capable of continuous operation for a long time. Currently, each fracturing equipment is driven by a diesel engine which needs to be equipped with a gearbox and a transmission shaft. The equipment is large in size and the operation noise is very loud when the engine and gearbox work. Some other fracturing equipment is driven by an electric motor, and when the motor is running, the electromagnetic, cooling, and exhaust devices are very noisy. As the fracturing equipment generates loud noise during operation, resulting in noise pollution, normal rest of residents around the well site will be affected, thus the fracturing equipment cannot meet the requirements of 24-hour continuous operation, especially normal operation at night.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide fracturing apparatuses, control methods of the fracturing apparatuses, and fracturing systems. In some embodiments, upon the first pressure sensor detecting that the pressure of the hydraulic oil provided by the clutch hydraulic system to the clutch is smaller than a preset pressure value, the fracturing apparatus may control the clutch to disengage, so that the clutch slip phenomenon caused by relatively low liquid pressure may be avoided, deterioration of the fault may be further avoided, and pertinent overhaul and maintenance may be carried out.
At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a fracturing apparatus, which includes: a plunger pump, including a power end and a hydraulic end; a prime mover, including a power output shaft; a clutch, including a first connection portion, a second connection portion and a clutch portion between the first connection portion and the second connection portion; and a clutch hydraulic system, configured to provide hydraulic oil to the clutch. The power end of the plunger pump includes a power input shaft, the first connection portion is connected with the power input shaft, the second connection portion is connected with the power output shaft of the prime mover, and the fracturing apparatus further includes a first pressure sensor configured to detect a hydraulic pressure of the clutch hydraulic system.
For example, in the fracturing apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fracturing apparatus further includes: a second pressure sensor, the hydraulic end of the plunger pump includes a liquid output end, and the second pressure sensor is configured to detect a pressure of liquid output by the liquid output end.
For example, the fracturing apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes: a discharge manifold, connected with the liquid output end, the second pressure sensor is arranged on the liquid output end or the discharge manifold.
For example, in the fracturing apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fracturing apparatus includes two plunger pumps, one prime mover, two clutches, two clutch hydraulic systems and two first pressure sensors, the two first pressure sensors are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the two clutch hydraulic systems, and the first pressure sensor is configured to detect a hydraulic pressure of a corresponding one of the two clutch hydraulic systems.
For example, the fracturing apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes: a first temperature sensor, configured to detect a temperature of the clutch.
For example, the fracturing apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes: a second temperature sensor, configured to detect a temperature of hydraulic oil in the clutch hydraulic system.
For example, the fracturing apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes: a first vibration sensor, configured to detect vibration of the plunger pump, the fracturing apparatus further includes a plunger pump base, the plunger pump is arranged on the plunger pump base, and the first vibration sensor is arranged on the plunger pump or the plunger pump base.
For example, the fracturing apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes: a second vibration sensor, configured to detect vibration of the prime mover, the fracturing apparatus further includes a prime mover base, the prime mover is arranged on the prime mover base, and the second vibration sensor is arranged on the prime mover or the prime mover base.
For example, the fracturing apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes: a first rotation speed sensor, configured to detect an actual rotation speed of the power input shaft of the plunger pump; and a second rotation speed sensor, configured to detect an actual rotation speed of the power output shaft of the prime mover.
For example, the fracturing apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes: a planetary gearbox, including an input gear shaft, the first connection portion of the clutch is directly connected with the input gear shaft, and the power input shaft is directly connected with the planetary gearbox.
For example, in the fracturing apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, the prime mover includes one of a diesel engine, an electric motor and a turbine engine.
At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a control method of a fracturing apparatus, the fracturing apparatus including the abovementioned fracturing apparatus, the control method including: detecting the hydraulic pressure of the clutch hydraulic system; and controlling the clutch to disengage if the hydraulic pressure of the clutch hydraulic system as detected is smaller than a first preset pressure value.
For example, the control method of the fracturing apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes detecting a pressure of liquid output by the plunger pump; and controlling the clutch to disengage if the pressure of the liquid output by the plunger pump as detected is higher than a second preset pressure value.
For example, the control method of the fracturing apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes detecting a temperature of the clutch; and controlling the clutch to disengage if the temperature of the clutch as detected is higher than a first preset temperature value.
For example, the control method of the fracturing apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes detecting a temperature of hydraulic oil in the clutch hydraulic system; and controlling the clutch to disengage if the temperature of the hydraulic oil in the clutch hydraulic system as detected is higher than a second preset temperature value.
For example, the control method of the fracturing apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes detecting a vibration of the plunger pump; and controlling the clutch to disengage if the vibration of the plunger pump as detected is higher than a first preset vibration value.
For example, the control method of the fracturing apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes detecting a vibration of the prime mover; and controlling the clutch to disengage if the vibration of the prime mover as detected is higher than a second preset vibration value.
For example, the control method of the fracturing apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes: detecting a first actual rotation speed of the power input shaft of the plunger pump; detecting a second actual rotation speed of the power output shaft of the prime mover; and calculating a ratio of the first actual rotation speed and the second actual rotation speed, and controlling the clutch to disengage if the ratio is smaller than a first preset ratio or greater than a second preset ratio.
At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a fracturing system, which includes any one of the abovementioned fracturing apparatus, a control system configured to control the clutch in the fracturing apparatus; and a remote control unit communicated with the control system.
In some embodiments, a single-motor single-pump electric drive fracturing semi-trailer is provided, which merge a traditional power supply semi-trailer and a fracturing semi-trailer together to realize the function of a semi-trailer for supplying power and fracturing simultaneously, without the need of using a power supply semi-trailer and a fracturing semi-trailer as a complete set, making it more flexible in practical uses, greatly optimizing the wellsite arrangement in oil and gas fields and facilitating the transportation. One set of high voltage cable is needed to connect to a high voltage power supply to reach working state. The wiring installation is faster. Compared with diesel-driven fracturing, electric drive fracturing generates less noise and no pollutive emission. Electricity is cheaper to use than diesel. A five cylinder plunger pump of 5000 hp or above, such as 7000 hp, is employed to greatly enhance the output power of the single-motor single-pump electric drive fracturing semi-trailer. While single-semi-trailer has a high output power, the wellsite power density per unit area is also greatly enhanced. The power end housing of the five cylinder plunger pump adopts an integral welding structure, so that the power end assembly has a higher structural strength and a better support stability to reduce vibration of the whole pump. The cylinder spacing of the five cylinder plunger pump is 13-14 inches, ensuring the high-power output of the five cylinder plunger pump. The high-power five cylinder plunger pump may effectively solve the problem of placing many fracturing apparatuses in a shale gas fracturing wellsite with limited space, thus reducing the use of equipment and facilitating efficient arrangement of equipment at the wellsite. Further, the multi-point support design of the crankcase, the crosshead case, and the hydraulic end assembly may enhance the support strength of the five cylinder plunger pump and reduce the vibration, thus better ensuring high load and smoother operation.
In various embodiments, a single-motor single-pump electric drive fracturing semi-trailer, including a semi-trailer body, a plunger pump, a radiator, a power supply unit, and an electric motor, wherein the power supply unit, the electric motor, the radiator, and the plunger pump are installed on the semi-trailer body. There are one electric motor, one radiator, and one plunger pump. The power supply unit provides power for the electric motor, the electric motor is connected to the plunger pump, the radiator cools lubricating oil of the plunger pump.
For example, the power supply unit includes a voltage conversion unit and a frequency conversion unit. The frequency conversion unit is connected to the voltage conversion unit, the voltage conversion unit is disposed at one end of semi-trailer body near the electric motor, and the frequency conversion unit is disposed on a gooseneck of the semi-trailer body.
For example, the voltage conversion unit has a cabin structure with multiple compartments, in which a switch and a transformer are arranged, and the switch is connected to the transformer.
For example, the frequency conversion unit has a cabin structure with multiple compartments, in which a frequency converter is arranged. An input end of the frequency converter is connected to the voltage conversion unit, and an output end of the frequency converter is connected to the electric motor.
For example, the plunger pump is a five cylinder plunger pump which includes a power end assembly, a hydraulic end assembly and a reduction gearbox assembly. One end of the power end assembly is connected to the hydraulic end assembly, and the other end of the power end assembly is connected to the reduction gearbox assembly. The power end assembly includes a crankcase, a crosshead case, and a spacer frame which are connected in sequence.
For example, the stroke of the five cylinder plunger pump is 10″ (inches) or above.
For example, the power of the five cylinder plunger pump is 5000 hp or above.
For example, the power of the five cylinder plunger pump is 7000 hp.
For example, the cylinder spacing of the five cylinder plunger pump is 13-14 inches.
For example, the crankcase and the crosshead case are welded to constitute a power end housing which is connected to the spacer frame, the power end housing includes six vertical plates, six bearing seats, a front end plate, a back cover plate, a base plate, a support plate and an upper cover plate; each vertical plate is connected to a corresponding bearing seat, and the six vertical plates are arranged in parallel to constitute a power end chamber; the base plate is mounted at the bottom of the power end chamber, and the upper cover plate is mounted on the top of the power end chamber, the front end plate is mounted at the front end of the power end chamber, the back cover plate is mounted at the back end of the power end chamber, and the support plate is disposed between two adjacent vertical plates arranged in parallel.
For example, a crankshaft support is disposed at the bottom of the crankcase, and the crankshaft support is used to support the crankcase.
For example, a crosshead support is disposed at the bottom of the crosshead case, and the crosshead support is used to support the crosshead case.
For example, a hydraulic support is disposed at the bottom of the spacer frame, and the hydraulic support is used to support the hydraulic end assembly.
In various embodiments, a fracturing apparatus comprises: a plunger pump for pressurizing liquid; a main motor connected to the plunger pump by transmission and configured to provide driving force to the plunger pump; and a noise reduction device configured as a cabin structure, wherein the noise reduction device covers outside the main motor and isolates the main motor from the plunger pump.
According to the present disclosure, the fracturing apparatus is driven by the main motor. Hence the noise during operation is low. The main motor is isolated from outside by the noise reduction device, which may effectively reduce the noise intensity transmitted to the outside during operation, thereby achieving the effect of noise reduction. In addition, the plunger pump is isolated from the main motor, thus realizing isolation of high-pressure dangerous areas, and ensuring safe operation.
In one embodiment, the fracturing apparatus further comprises: an oil tank containing lubricating oil; and a lubrication driving device for driving lubricating oil from the oil tank to the plunger pump to lubricate the plunger pump; wherein, the lubrication driving device includes a lubrication pump and a lubrication motor, the lubrication pump and/or the lubrication motor being arranged inside the noise reduction device.
According to the present disclosure, the noise generated during operation of the lubrication pump and the lubrication motor may be reduced while lubricating the plunger pump.
In one embodiment, the fracturing apparatus comprises: a cooler having a fan and configured to dissipate heat from the lubricating oil by means of air blast cooling; and a cooler motor connected to the cooler by transmission and configured to provide a driving force to the cooler; wherein the cooler and the cooler motor are arranged inside the noise reduction device.
According to the present disclosure, the noise generated during the operation of the cooler motor may be reduced while cooling the lubricating oil.
In one embodiment, the cooler is arranged above the main motor, and the top of the noise reduction device is provided with a cooler window at a position corresponding to the cooler.
According to the present disclosure, the cooler window may enhance the heat exchange between the cooler and the outside, thus enhancing the heat dissipation capability.
In one embodiment, the cooler is configured as a cuboid and comprises at least two fans arranged along a length direction.
According to the present disclosure, the cooler is adapted to be integrally arranged inside the noise reduction device, and the heat dissipation capability may be correspondingly enhanced as the number of fans increases.
In one embodiment, the main motor comprises a cooling fan configured to cool the main motor by means of air suction cooling.
According to the present disclosure, air suction cooling may effectively reduce noise when cooling the main motor.
In one embodiment, the fracturing apparatus further comprises a primary exhaust silencer which is arranged inside the noise reduction device and is connected with an exhaust port of the cooling fan.
According to the present disclosure, the primary exhaust silencer may reduce the noise generated by the cooling fan during exhausting.
In one embodiment, the exhaust port of the cooling fan is connected to the primary exhaust silencer via a soft connection.
According to the present disclosure, the soft connection has lower requirement on alignment precision, so that the connection is more convenient and installation and subsequent maintenance is easy. Furthermore, the soft connection may compensate the displacement caused by vibration during operation, and achieve noise reduction and shock absorption meanwhile.
In one embodiment, a flow area of an airflow passage in the soft connection gradually increases along an air flow direction.
According to the present disclosure, the exhaust may be smoother.
In one embodiment, the fracturing apparatus further comprises a secondary exhaust silencer which is provided on the noise reduction device and corresponds to an exhaust port of the primary exhaust silencer.
According to the present disclosure, the secondary exhaust silencer may further reduce the noise generated by the primary exhaust silencer during exhausting.
In one embodiment, at least one side of the noise reduction device is provided with at least one air inlet where an air inlet silencer is provided.
According to the present disclosure, the air inlet may meet the demand of air intake, and the air inlet silencer may reduce noise generated during air intake process. In addition, the air inlet silencer is integrally installed with the noise reduction device, so that the overall structure may be compact.
In one embodiment, an outer surface of the main motor is wrapped with a noise reduction material.
According to the present disclosure, the noise generated by the main motor during operation may be further reduced.
In one embodiment, a wall of the noise reduction device is constructed as a sandwich structure filled with a noise reduction material.
According to the present disclosure, the noise reduction effect of the noise reduction device may be enhanced.
In some embodiments, a fracturing apparatus driven by a variable frequency speed control integrated machine includes an integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine, which includes a drive device for providing driving force and an inverter integrally mounted on the drive device, and a plunger pump. The inverter supplies power to the drive device; the plunger pump and the integrated variable frequency speed regulation machine are integrally installed, and the plunger pump is mechanically connected to and driven by the drive device of the integrated variable frequency speed regulation machine.
In some embodiments, the fracturing apparatus further includes a rectifier arranged inside or outside the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine, and supplies power to the inverter.
In some embodiments, inverters are provided in plural and the drive devices are provided in plural, the input terminals of each of the inverters are connected to the rectifier, and the output terminals of each of the inverters are respectively connected to the corresponding one of the drives.
In some embodiments, the inverter has a housing, the drive device has a housing, the two housings are fixedly connected directly or via a mounting flange, a plurality of holes are arranged in the connecting surfaces of the two housings or multiple binding posts. The output terminal of the inverter is connected to the inside of the drive device through the plurality of holes or the plurality of connecting posts, and the transmission output shaft of the drive device is connected from the housing of the drive device with a different side of the face sticks out.
In some embodiments, the drive output shaft of the drive is directly mechanically connected to the power input shaft of the plunger pump, or the transmission output shaft of the drive device is connected to the power input shaft of the plunger pump via a gearbox and/or a coupling.
In some embodiments, in the case of the direct mechanical connection, the transmission output shaft of the drive device has internal splines or external splines or flat or conical keys, and the power input shaft of the plunger pump has an adaptor of external or internal splines or flat or tapered keys.
In some embodiments, in the case of the direct mechanical connection, the transmission output shaft of the drive has a housing and the power input shaft of the plunger pump has a housing, the housings of which are directly fixedly connected on the connection side or the connection is fixed by means of a mounting flange.
In some embodiments, the fracturing apparatus further includes a lubricating system comprising a lubricating oil tank for storing and supplying lubricating oil; and a lubricating motor and lubricating pump set connected to the lubricating oil tank and for circulating the lubricating oil. The direction along the power input shaft of the plunger pump is defined as the longitudinal direction, and the horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is defined as the width direction, which is perpendicular to both the longitudinal direction and the width direction. The direction is defined as the height direction, and the lubrication system is provided at one side of the frequency conversion and speed control integrated machine in the width direction.
In some embodiments, the fracturing apparatus further includes a lubricating oil cooling system, which is arranged at the top of the plunger pump in the height direction or at one side of the frequency conversion and speed control integrated machine in the width direction. The lubricating oil cooling system includes a lubricating oil radiator, a cooling motor and a cooling fan driven by the cooling motor, and the cooling fan exchanges heat between the air and the lubricating oil entering the lubricating oil radiator.
In some embodiments, the lubricating oil radiator is a horizontal radiator, a vertical radiator, or a square radiator.
In some embodiments, in the case of the direct mechanical connection, the lubrication system includes a lubrication motor and a lubrication pump set that provide lubrication to the power end of the plunger pump, or in the case of the connection via a gearbox and/or a coupling, the lubrication system includes a first lubricating motor and a lubricating pump group for providing lubrication to the power end of the plunger pump, and a lubrication system for the gearbox and/or the second lubricating motor and lubricating pump group where the coupling provides lubrication.
In some embodiments, the fracturing apparatus further includes an integrated machine heat dissipation system, which is at least partially disposed at one side in the width direction and/or at the top in the height direction of the variable frequency speed regulation integrated machine.
In some embodiments, the drive device includes a motor and a housing for accommodating the motor, the inverter is integrally mounted on a top surface of the housing of the drive device, and the all-in-one machine cooling system includes a drive device cooling system, at least a part of which is arranged on the top surface of the casing of the drive device; and/or an inverter cooling system, which is arranged on the top of the inverter on the surface. The drive device cooling system includes an air cooling device, a cooling liquid cooling device, or a combination of the two. The heat dissipation system of the inverter includes a cooling liquid cooling device.
In some embodiments, the cooling liquid cooling device includes a horizontal radiator, a vertical radiator, or a square radiator.
In some embodiments, the cooling liquid cooling device includes a cooling plate provided on the top surface of the housing of the drive device and/or on the top surface of the inverter, and is connected with the housing and the drive device and/or direct contact with the inverter; a cooling liquid storage chamber for storing the cooling liquid and supplying the cooling liquid into the cooling plate; and a fan assembly for cooling the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid storage chamber to cool down. The cooling plate includes a cooling channel for flowing a cooling liquid. The cooling channel includes at least one cooling tube and a cooling channel inlet and a cooling channel outlet in communication with the cooling tube, the cooling channel inlet, and the cooling channel. The cooling passage outlet communicates with the output port and the input port of the cooling liquid storage chamber, respectively. At least one cooling pipe shares the cooling channel inlet and the cooling channel outlet.
In some embodiments, the air-cooling device includes an air outlet assembly communicating with a cavity defined by the housing of the drive device, and an air inlet assembly, which includes an air outlet assembly disposed on a side of the outer casing that is different from the air outlet assembly side. The gas entering the cavity from the air inlet is discharged through the air outlet assembly.
In some embodiments, the air outlet assembly includes: a cooling fan, arranged on the casing of the drive device; a fan volute, disposed between the cooling fan and the housing; and an exhaust duct. The first side of the fan volute is communicated with the cooling fan, the second side of the fan volute is communicated with the cavity, and the third side of the fan volute is communicated with the exhaust duct. The gas sucked into the fan volute in the cavity is discharged through the exhaust duct. The exhaust duct includes an air outlet, the air outlet faces a direction away from the casing.
In some embodiments, the air inlet assembly is provided with a protective net for covering the air inlet.
In some embodiments, there are at least two air outlet assemblies, and the air outlet directions of the at least two air outlet assemblies are the same or different from each other. There are at least two air inlet assemblies, and the at least two air inlet assemblies are arranged at different positions on the bottom surface of the housing.
In some embodiments, the fracturing apparatus further comprises: a control cabinet, through which the power from the power supply system is input to the fracturing apparatus, and the control cabinet is arranged at the side opposite to the plunger pump side of the integrated variable frequency speed regulation machine, or is arranged at any, the side of the plunger pump opposite to the side of the variable frequency speed control integrated machine; a low-pressure manifold through which fracturing fluid is supplied to the hydraulic end of the plunger pump, the low-pressure manifold is provided on one side of the plunger pump in the width direction where; and a high pressure manifold, the fracturing fluid is pressurized by the movement of the plunger pump and then discharged from the output end of the hydraulic end of the plunger pump to the plunger pump through the high pressure manifold outside, the high-pressure manifold is provided at an end of the plunger pump in the lengthwise direction.
In some embodiments, an auxiliary transformer is provided in the control cabinet, and the auxiliary transformer supplies the electric power from the power supply system to the fracturing apparatus after voltage adjustment.
In some embodiments, the fracturing apparatus further includes a carrier frame at the bottom of the fracturing apparatus to integrally mount the entire fracturing apparatus. The carrier is in the form of a skid frame, a semi-trailer, or a chassis.
In some embodiments, on the carrier, at least one set of arrangements for driving a single said plunger pump by a single said drive means is integrated, or on the carrier, an arrangement is integrated in which a plurality of the plunger pumps are driven by a single drive device.
In some embodiments, fracturing apparatus is powered by a power supply system, the power supply system being: a power grid, a power generation facility, an energy storage device, or any combination thereof.
In some embodiments, a well site layout includes a plurality of fracturing apparatuses and a control room. A centralized control system is provided in the control room for centralized control of each of the plurality of fracturing devices. From the power supply system is collectively supplied to each of the plurality of fracturing apparatuses through the control room.
In some embodiments, the high pressure manifold is shared by a plurality of the fracturing devices and mounted on a manifold skid.
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the disclosure, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described in the following; it is obvious that the described drawings below are only related to some embodiments of the disclosure and thus are not limitative to the disclosure.
In order to make objectives, technical details and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure more clearly, the technical solutions of the embodiments will be described in a clearly and fully understandable way in connection with the drawings related to the embodiments of the present disclosure. Apparently, the described embodiments are just a part but not all of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Based on the described embodiments herein, those skilled in the art may obtain other embodiment(s), without any inventive work, which should be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Unless otherwise defined, all the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. The terms “first,” “second,” etc., which are used in the present disclosure, are not intended to indicate any sequence, amount or importance, but distinguish various components. Also, the terms “include,” “including,” “include,” “including,” etc., are intended to specify that the elements or the objects stated before these terms encompass the elements or the objects and equivalents thereof listed after these terms, but do not preclude the other elements or objects. The phrases “connect”, “connected”, etc., are not intended to define a physical connection or mechanical connection, but may include an electrical connection, directly or indirectly.
With the continuous development of fracturing apparatus, the plunger pump in fracturing apparatus is gradually changed from being driven by a diesel engine to being driven by an electric motor or a turbine engine to meet higher environmental protection requirements. In this case, such fracturing apparatus also has the advantages of high power and low construction cost.
On the other hand, before or at the end of fracturing apparatus operation, maintenance personnel are required to carry out maintenance evaluation, and maintenance personnel shall check and judge faults according to experience. However, as mentioned above, fracturing apparatus has high requirements on stability, and belongs to construction operation equipment with high power (the rated maximum output power of a single plunger pump is usually higher than 2000 hp) and high pressure (the rated pressure of the plunger pump is usually not smaller than 10000 psi) (the maximum pressure may usually exceed 40 MPa during construction), and maintenance personnel cannot check and repair nearby during operation. Therefore, once the fracturing apparatus has problems during the operation, it will bring risks to the fracturing operation. In addition, a potential failure in the fracturing apparatus, if cannot be detected by maintenance personnel, will bring great potential safety hazards to fracturing operation.
In this regard, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a fracturing apparatus, a control method of the fracturing apparatus, and a fracturing system. The fracturing apparatus includes a plunger pump, a prime mover, a clutch, and a clutch hydraulic system. The plunger pump includes a power end and a liquid end, the prime mover includes a power output shaft, and the clutch includes a first connection portion, a second connection portion and a clutch portion between the first connection portion and the second connection portion. The power end of the plunger pump includes a power input shaft, the first connection portion is connected with the power input shaft, the second connection portion is connected with the power output shaft of the prime mover, and the clutch hydraulic system is configured to provide hydraulic oil to the clutch. The fracturing apparatus further includes a first pressure sensor arranged in the clutch hydraulic system and configured to detect the hydraulic pressure of the clutch hydraulic system. Therefore, upon the first pressure sensor detecting that the pressure of the hydraulic oil provided by the clutch hydraulic system to the clutch is smaller than a preset pressure value, the fracturing apparatus may control the clutch to disengage, so that the clutch slip phenomenon caused by lower liquid pressure may be avoided, further deterioration of the fault may be avoided, and pertinent overhaul and maintenance may be carried out.
Hereinafter, the fracturing apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a fracturing apparatus.
In some examples, the prime mover includes one of a diesel engine, an electric motor, and a turbine engine. Of course, the embodiments of the present disclosure include but are not limited thereto, and the prime mover may also be other machines that provide power.
In some examples, as illustrated by
In some examples, because the clutch rotates in the working state, the oil supply pipeline may be connected with the clutch through a rotary joint. Of course, the embodiments of the present disclosure include but are not limited thereto, and the oil supply pipeline may also be connected with the clutch in other ways. In addition, the type of rotary joint may be selected according to the actual situation. In some examples, as illustrated by
For example, upon the pressure of the liquid output by the liquid output end of the plunger pump being greater than the safe pressure value, the fracturing apparatus may control the clutch hydraulic system through the control system to make the clutch quickly disengage. Of course, the embodiments of the present disclosure include but are not limited thereto, the fracturing apparatus may also play a safe role by stopping the rotation of the electric motor, stopping the power supply of the electric motor, or stopping the output of the electric motor frequency converter through the control system upon the pressure of the liquid output by the liquid output end of the plunger pump being greater than the safe pressure value.
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It should be noted that both the fracturing apparatus illustrated in
In a common fracturing apparatus, the clutch is connected with the power input shaft of the plunger pump. In the operation process of fracturing apparatus, the vibration or jitter of the plunger pump itself is obviously higher than the vibration or jitter of the prime mover because of the crankshaft structure of the power input shaft and the instantaneous pressure fluctuation of the inlet and outlet of the plunger pump. In addition, the clutch itself is heavy, and the clutch also includes a moving mechanism and a sealing structure, so connecting the clutch with the power input shaft of the plunger pump is prone to failure. In addition, the power input shaft of the plunger pump needs to be directly connected with the clutch, and the plunger pump itself is usually provided with a plunger pump reduction gearbox, so the power input shaft of the plunger pump needs to pass through the plunger pump body and the plunger pump reduction gearbox and be connected with the clutch, thus resulting in a large length of the power input shaft; in addition, the power input shaft needs to form a hydraulic oil hole penetrating through the power input shaft, and the long length of the power input shaft will also lead to the long length of the hydraulic oil hole need to be formed, resulting in high processing difficulty and cost.
However, the fracturing apparatus provided in this example directly connects the first connection portion of the clutch with the input gear shaft of the planetary gearbox, and the planetary gearbox is directly connected with the power input shaft, so there is no need to connect the clutch with the power input shaft of the plunger pump. Therefore, the fracturing apparatus may reduce the failure rate of the clutch. On the other hand, the power input shaft of the plunger pump does not need to be directly connected with the clutch, which may greatly reduce the length of the power input shaft of the plunger pump, thereby greatly reducing the processing difficulty of the power input shaft and hydraulic oil holes in the power input shaft and reducing the cost.
For example, upon the plunger pump being a five-cylinder plunger pump, the length of the power input shaft may be reduced from more than 2 meters to smaller than 0.8 meters, thus greatly reducing the processing difficulty of the power input shaft and reducing the cost.
For example, upon the first pressure sensor detecting that the hydraulic pressure value of the hydraulic oil provided by the clutch hydraulic system to the clutch being smaller than the preset pressure value, the control system may control the clutch to disengage as to avoid the clutch slip phenomenon caused by the lower hydraulic pressure, thus avoiding the further deterioration of the fault, and carrying out pertinent overhaul and maintenance. For the control method of the control system according to the parameters fed back by other sensors, please refer to the description of the relevant sensors, which will not be repeated here.
It should be noted that the control system 230 may be connected with the above-mentioned sensors in a wired manner, or may be connected with the above-mentioned sensors in a wireless manner.
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At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a control method of a fracturing apparatus. The fracturing apparatus may be the fracturing apparatus provided by any of the above examples. In this case, the control method includes: detecting the hydraulic pressure of the clutch hydraulic system; and controlling the clutch to disengage if the detected hydraulic pressure of the clutch hydraulic system is smaller than a first preset pressure value.
In the control method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, Upon the hydraulic pressure value of the hydraulic oil provided to the clutch by the clutch hydraulic system being smaller than the first preset pressure value, the clutch is controlled to disengage, so that the clutch slip phenomenon caused by lower hydraulic pressure may be avoided, further deterioration of faults may be avoided, and pertinent overhaul and maintenance may be carried out.
For example, the hydraulic pressure of the clutch hydraulic system may be detected by the above-mentioned first pressure sensor, that is, the hydraulic pressure value of the hydraulic oil provided by the clutch hydraulic system to the clutch.
In some examples, the control method further includes: detecting the pressure of the liquid output by the plunger pump; and controlling the clutch to disengage if the detected pressure of the liquid output by the plunger pump is higher than a second preset pressure value. Therefore, if the pressure of the liquid output by the liquid output end of the plunger pump is higher than the second preset pressure value, there may be a problem with the clutch. In this case, the fracturing apparatus may control the clutch to disengage, so that the fault may be found and treated in time. It should be noted that the above-mentioned second preset pressure value may be a safe pressure value.
For example, the pressure of the liquid output by the plunger pump may be detected by the second pressure sensor described above.
In some examples, the control method further includes: detecting the temperature of the clutch; and controlling the clutch to disengage if the detected temperature of the clutch is higher than a first preset temperature value. Therefore, upon the temperature of the clutch being higher than the preset temperature value, the clutch may be controlled to disengage, so that various faults caused by high clutch temperature may be avoided, further deterioration of faults may be avoided, and pertinent overhaul and maintenance may be carried out.
For example, the temperature of the clutch may be detected by the first temperature sensor.
In some examples, the control method further includes: detecting the temperature of hydraulic oil in the clutch hydraulic system; and controlling the clutch to disengage if the detected temperature of the hydraulic oil in the clutch hydraulic system is higher than a second preset temperature value. Therefore, upon the temperature of hydraulic oil in the clutch hydraulic system being higher than the second preset temperature value, the clutch may be controlled to disengage, so that various faults caused by higher clutch temperature may be avoided, further deterioration of faults may be avoided, and pertinent overhaul and maintenance may be carried out.
For example, the temperature of the hydraulic oil in the clutch hydraulic system may be detected by the second temperature sensor.
In some examples, the control method further includes: detecting the vibration of the plunger pump; and controlling the clutch to disengage if the detected vibration of the plunger pump is higher than a first preset vibration value. During the operation process of fracturing apparatus, upon the clutch failing, the transmission between the clutch and the plunger pump will be abnormal, resulting in high vibration value of the plunger pump. Upon the vibration of the plunger pump being greater than the first preset vibration value, the control method may control the clutch to disengage and completely cut off the input power of the plunger pump, thus avoiding the further deterioration of the fault and carrying out pertinent overhaul and maintenance.
For example, the vibration of the plunger pump may be detected by the first vibration sensor described above.
In some examples, the control method further includes: detecting vibration of the prime mover; and controlling the clutch to disengage if the detected vibration of the prime mover is higher than a second preset vibration value. Upon the clutch failing, the transmission between the clutch and the prime mover will be abnormal, resulting in high vibration value of the prime mover. Upon the vibration of the prime mover being greater than the second preset vibration value, the control method may control the clutch to disengage, thus avoiding the further deterioration of the fault, and carrying out pertinent overhaul and maintenance.
In some examples, the control method further includes: detecting a first actual rotation speed of the power input shaft of the plunger pump; detecting a second actual rotation speed of the power output shaft of the prime mover; calculating a ratio of the first actual speed and the second actual speed, and controlling the clutch to disengage if the ratio is smaller than a first preset ratio or greater than a second preset ratio. Therefore, upon the ratio of the first actual speed of the power input shaft of the plunger pump to the second actual speed of the power output shaft of the prime mover being smaller than the first preset ratio or greater than the second preset ratio (i.e., there is no match), it may be judged that the clutch is abnormal. In this case, the control method may control the clutch to disengage, so as to avoid the further deterioration of the fault, and may carry out pertinent overhaul and maintenance.
In the working sites of fracturing in oil and gas fields, the power driving modes for plunger pumps mainly include the following two ways. One driving mode is that a diesel engine is connected to a transmission to drive the fracturing plunger pump through a transmission shaft to work. In other words, a diesel engine is used as the power source, a transmission and a transmission shaft are used as the transmission devices, and a plunger pump is used as the actuating element. This configuration mode has the following disadvantages: (1) large volume and heavy weight: when a diesel engine drives a transmission to drive a plunger pump through a transmission shaft, a large volume is occupied, a heavy weight is involved, the transportation is restricted, and the power density is low; (2) environmental problems: during operations on a well site, the fracturing apparatus driven by the diesel engine would generate engine waste gas pollution and noise pollution. The noise exceeding 105 dBA will severely affect the normal life of nearby residents; (3) cost inefficiency: the fracturing apparatus driven by the diesel engine requires relatively high initial purchase costs and incurs high fuel consumption costs for unit power during operation, and the engine and the transmission also require very high routine maintenance costs.
The other driving mode is that an electric motor is connected to a transmission shaft or a coupling to drive the plunger pump to work. In other words, an electric motor is used as the power source, a transmission shaft or a coupling is used as the transmission device, and a plunger pump is used as the actuating element, i.e., electric drive fracturing.
Existing electric drive fracturing apparatus is usually provided with special power supply equipment to provide the driving power. The power supply equipment and the electric fracturing apparatus are usually arranged one-to-one, or one high-power power supply equipment is used to drive several electric fracturing apparatuses (hereinafter referred to as one-to-many). However, no matter one-to-one or one-to-many, in the practical use of a well site, it takes too much time to arrange the electric fracturing apparatus and the power supply equipment (i.e., electric fracturing apparatus and power supply equipment should be used in complete sets). Furthermore, each electric fracturing apparatus should be connected to the power supply equipment, so that the electric fracturing apparatus could enter working state; the above processes are all time and labor consuming, and there are also too many connection wires between equipment, and it seems relatively cumbersome. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an economical and environmentally friendly electric fracturing apparatus with small volume and simple connection.
Legends for
As shown in
The voltage conversion unit 3B has a cabin structure with multiple compartments, in which a switch and a transformer are arranged, and the switch is connected to the transformer. The frequency conversion unit 2B has a cabin structure with multiple compartments, in which a frequency converter is arranged, an input end of the frequency converter is connected to the voltage conversion unit 3B, specifically, the input end of the frequency converter is connected to the transformer, and an output end of the frequency converter is connected to the electric motor 4B.
The plunger pump 5B is a five cylinder plunger pump which includes a power end assembly 7B, a hydraulic end assembly 9B and a reduction gearbox assembly 8B, one end of the power end assembly 7B is connected to the hydraulic end assembly 9B, the other end of the power end assembly 7B is connected to the reduction gearbox assembly 8B, the power end assembly 7B includes a crankcase, a crosshead case and a spacer frame which are connected in sequence.
The stroke of the five cylinder plunger pump is 10″ or above. The design of long stroke is beneficial to realize the operation requirement of large displacement and enhance the operation efficiency.
In some embodiments, the power of the five cylinder plunger pump is 5000 hp or above. In one embodiment, the power of the five cylinder plunger pump is 7000 hp. The cylinder spacing of the five cylinder plunger pump is 13-14 inches, ensuring the high-power output of the five cylinder plunger pump. The high-power five cylinder plunger pump may effectively solve the problems of narrow area and many fracturing apparatuses being required in shale gas fracturing wellsite, thus reducing the use of equipment and facilitating the arrangement of the wellsite.
The crankcase and the crosshead case are welded to constitute a power end housing 11B which is connected to the spacer frame, the power end housing 11B includes six vertical plates 16B, six bearing seats 17B, a front end plate 20B, a back cover plate 15B, a base plate 18B, a support plate 19B and an upper cover plate 21B; each vertical plate 16B is connected to a corresponding bearing seat 17B, and the six vertical plates 16B are arranged in parallel to constitute a power end chamber; the base plate 18B is mounted at the bottom of the power end chamber, the upper cover plate 21B is mounted on the top of the power end chamber, the front end plate 20B is mounted at the front end of the power end chamber, and the back cover plate 15B is mounted at the back end of the power end chamber; and the support plate 19B is disposed between two adjacent vertical plates 16B arranged in parallel. The crankcase and the crosshead case in the power end assembly 7B of the five cylinder plunger pump are welded so that the power end assembly 7B has a higher structural strength and a better support stability to reduce vibration of the whole pump. A crankshaft is disposed in the crankcase. A crosshead, a crosshead cap and a crosshead bearing bush are disposed in the crosshead case. A connecting rod, a connecting rod cap and a connecting rod bearing bush are disposed between the crankcase and the crosshead case. The crankshaft adopts a setting of five-crank and six-journal. One end of the crankshaft is connected to the reduction gearbox assembly 8B, the other end of the crankshaft is connected to the connecting rod through a connecting rod cap and a connecting rod bearing bush, the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the crosshead through a crosshead cap and a crosshead bearing bush, the other end of the crosshead is connected with a pull rod, and the other end of the pull rod is connected to a hydraulic end valve housing through a plunger and a clamp. The crankshaft is mounted on the bearing seat 17B of the power end housing 11B through six cylindrical roller bearings to allow the crankshaft rotation. The support plate 19B is fixedly installed with two slide rails to form a semi-circular space. A crosshead is mounted within the semi-circular space to allow linear motion. The reduction gearbox assembly 8B includes a planetary reduction gearbox and a parallel reduction gearbox, the transmission gears of which are all bevel gears. The planetary reduction gearbox includes a sun gear, four planetary gears, a planetary carrier, and an inner gear ring, constituting a planetary gear mechanism, with the sun gear at the center of the planetary gear mechanism; the parallel reduction gearbox includes a pinion and a bull gear, the pinion is connected to an input end, the bull gear is connected to a sun gear of the planetary reduction gearbox. A reduction gearbox is used to slow down and increase the torque. A driving flange 10B is disposed outside the planetary reduction gearbox, through which an external power source is connected for power input. The parallel reduction gearbox is connected to the crankshaft for power output.
A crankshaft support 12B is disposed at the bottom of the crankcase, which is used to support the crankcase. A crosshead support 13B is disposed at the bottom of the crosshead case, which is used to support the crosshead case. A hydraulic support 14B is disposed at the bottom of the spacer frame, which is used to support the hydraulic end assembly 9B. The multi-point support design of the crankcase, the crosshead case and the hydraulic end assembly 9B may enhance the support strength of the five cylinder plunger pump and reduce the vibration, thus better ensuring high load operation and more smoothly running.
The operating principle of the plunger pump 5B: An external power or rotating speed is transferred through the driving flange 10B to drive the reduction gearbox assembly 8B to rotate. Power and torque are transferred to the crankshaft through the two-stage speed shifting of the planetary reduction gearbox and the parallel reduction gearbox. The crankshaft rotates within the power end housing 11B, driving the motion of the connecting rod, the crosshead, and the pull rod, converting the rotational motion of the crankshaft into the reciprocating linear motion of the pull rod. The pull rod drives the plunger through a clamp to move back and forth within the valve housing, thus realizing the low pressure liquid suction and high pressure liquid discharge, i.e., realizing the pumping of liquid.
The operating principle of the single-motor single-pump electric drive fracturing semi-trailer: an input end of the high voltage switch is connected to the power supply through cables, an output end of the switch is connected to the transformer. The switch is configured to control the power supply on and off of the whole single-motor single-pump electric drive fracturing semi-trailer. High voltage electricity is dropped by a transformer to supply power to the frequency converter, the frequency converter drives the electric motor 4B to work, and the electric motor 4B drives the plunger pump 5B to work. The radiator 6B cools lubricating oil of the plunger pump 5B.
According to the present disclosure, the fracturing apparatus further comprises a noise reduction device 4C. As shown in
In some embodiments, the wall of the noise reduction device 4C is constructed as a sandwich structure which is filled with a noise reduction material. Such a structure may further reduce the noise intensity transmitted from the inside of the noise reduction device 4C to the outside. The noise-reducing material may be a porous, loose, and breathable material, which is able to absorb noise. More specifically, the noise reduction material may be one or more of polyester fiber, aluminum silicate cotton, rubber plate, urea formaldehyde foam plastic and the like, which may be flexibly selected according to actual needs. In addition, the main motor 6C may also be wrapped by the above-mentioned noise reduction material to achieve a further noise reduction effect.
Still referring to
The lubricating oil may also take away the heat generated by the operation of the plunger pump 1C, playing a cooling role while providing lubrication. Therefore, the lubricating oil is at a relatively high temperature after flowing out of the plunger pump 1C and needs to be cooled down. According to the present disclosure, the fracturing apparatus further comprises a cooler 7C with a fan, which may cool the lubricating oil by means of air blast cooling. In addition, the fracturing apparatus also includes a cooler motor that drives the fan. As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
In some embodiments, the fracturing apparatus further includes a primary exhaust silencer 8C, which is arranged inside the noise reduction device 4C and connected with an exhaust port of the cooling fan 14C. The airflow discharged from the cooling fan 14C enters the primary exhaust silencer 8C, so that the noise generated by the air flow may be reduced.
As shown in
In some embodiments, an exhaust channel formed by the soft connection is configured such that a flow area of the exhaust channel gradually increases along an air flow direction from the cooling fan 14C toward the primary exhaust silencer 8C, which makes air flows more smoothly. In one embodiment, the soft connection may be designed to be tapered to achieve such technical effects.
In some embodiments, the fracturing apparatus also includes a secondary exhaust silencer 9C which corresponds to an exhaust port of the primary exhaust silencer 8C. The airflow discharged from the primary exhaust silencer 8C enters the secondary exhaust silencer 9C, and then is discharged into the outside after noise reduction by the secondary exhaust silencer 9C. Therefore, the exhaust noise of the cooling fan 14C is reduced to the greatest extent by dual noise reduction of the primary exhaust silencer 8C and the secondary exhaust silencer 9C. In some embodiments, the secondary exhaust silencer 9 may be integrated within the noise reduction device 4C so as to make the structure compact and easy to install.
As shown in
In some embodiments, the fracturing apparatus may further comprise a carrier 3C. The foregoing devices are integrally installed on the carrier 3C, so that the fracturing apparatus forms a whole, thereby being more convenient to transport. In the illustrated embodiment, the carrier 3C may be a skid-mounted base. While in other embodiments the carrier may also be a chassis vehicle or semi-trailer.
According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the fracturing apparatus is provided with a noise reduction device which covers outside power devices such as the main motor, the lubrication motor, the cooler, the cooler motor and the like and isolates these devices that generate loud noises during operation from the outside environment, thus reducing the noise intensity transmitted to the outside. Meanwhile, the plunger pump may be isolated from the foregoing power equipment to isolate the high-pressure dangerous area and ensure safe operation. Noise reduction material is wrapped outside the main motor and filled within the wall of the noise reduction device. In addition, the main motor is set to dissipate heat by means of air suction cooling, and dual exhaust silencers are provided at the exhaust port of the cooling fan of the main motor, which may further reduce the noise generated by the main motor. By arranging an air inlet silencer on the noise reduction device, the noise generated by the air intake of the cooler and the air suction cooling of the main motor is effectively reduced while meeting the air intake requirements of power equipment.
At oil and gas field fracturing sites around the world, the configuration of the powertrain used in traditional fracturing apparatus is as follows: The transmission includes a gearbox and a transmission shaft, and a diesel engine (which is the power source) is connected to the transmission's variable speed box, and then drive the plunger pump (which is the actuator) of the fracturing apparatus to work through the transmission shaft of the transmission device. The disadvantages brought by the above configuration of the power transmission system to the traditional fracturing apparatus are that (1) the diesel engine needs to drive the plunger pump of the fracturing apparatus through the gearbox and the transmission shaft, which leads to the volume of the fracturing apparatus; (2) due to the use of diesel engines as the power source, such fracturing apparatus will produce engine exhaust pollution and noise pollution during the operation of the well site (for example, the noise exceeds 105 dBA), which seriously affects the normal life of the surrounding residents; (3) for the fracturing apparatus driven by the diesel engine through the gearbox and the transmission shaft, the initial procurement cost of the equipment is relatively high, and the fuel consumption cost per unit of power when the equipment is running is relatively high, and the daily maintenance costs of the engine and transmission are also high. In view of the fact that the global oil and gas development equipment is developing in the direction of “low energy consumption, low noise, and low emission,” the above-mentioned shortcomings of traditional fracturing apparatus using diesel engines as power sources largely hinder unconventional oil and gas energy sources development process.
To address the shortcomings of the above-mentioned traditional fracturing apparatus, electric-driven fracturing apparatus using electric motors to replace diesel engines have been developed. In such electric-driven fracturing apparatus, the power source is the electric motor, the powertrain is a transmission shaft (which can be equipped with a coupling or clutch), and the actuator is a piston pump. Because the electric motor is used to drive the plunger pump, the electric drive fracturing apparatus has the advantages of small size, light weight, economy, energy saving, and environmental protection.
However, in the existing electric-driven fracturing apparatus, for example, a frequency converter as shown in (b) in
Because the existing electric-driven fracturing apparatus is not highly integrated and occupies a large area, there is often not enough area to place the various components of the existing electric-driven fracturing apparatus during the construction of the well site, or even if it can be placed. There is also an expensive implementation cost. In addition, different well sites have different site conditions, and there is no electric fracturing apparatus with a high degree of integration that can be easily adapted to various well site conditions.
The present disclosure provides an equipment layout of a fracturing apparatus with a high degree of integration, which adopts an integrated frequency conversion speed regulation machine and integrates the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine with the fracturing apparatus. Piston pumps are integrally mounted together. The frequency conversion and speed regulation all-in-one machine itself can withstand voltage by adjusting parameters, so it does not need to be additionally equipped with a rectifier transformer for voltage adjustment, but can be directly connected to a high-voltage power supply system. Further, the equipment layout of the present disclosure obtains the equipment layout of the fracturing apparatus with a high degree of integration by integrating such a frequency conversion speed regulation integrated machine with the plunger pump of the fracturing apparatus. Such fracturing apparatus is convenient and universal for most well sites.
In order to achieve the above objective, the fracturing apparatus driven by an integrated frequency conversion and speed regulation machine according to various embodiments of the present disclosure includes an integrated frequency conversion and speed regulation machine and a plunger pump. The integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine includes: a drive device for providing driving force; and an inverter integrally mounted on the drive device. The inverter supplies power to the drive device. The plunger pump is integrally installed with the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine, and the plunger pump is mechanically connected to and driven by the drive device of the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine.
The wellsite layout of some embodiments of the present disclosure includes: a plurality of the above-described fracturing devices; and a control room. A centralized control system is provided in the control room for centralized control of each of the plurality of fracturing devices. Additionally or alternatively, power provided from the power supply system is centrally supplied to each of the plurality of fracturing devices via the control room.
Integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine adopted in the equipment layout of the fracturing apparatus of the present disclosure does not need to be additionally equipped with a rectifier transformer for voltage adjustment, so it has small size and light weight. The equipment layout of the present disclosure can reduce the floor space of the equipment and optimize the equipment layout of the well site by integrating such an integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine and the plunger pump of the fracturing apparatus on a skid. The obtained equipment layout has a high integration, and is more convenient, more economical, and environmentally friendly.
1. Integrated Frequency-Converting Speed-Varying Machine
An electric motor (also called a motor) refers to an electromagnetic device that realizes the conversion or transfer of electrical energy according to the law of electromagnetic induction. Its main function is to generate driving torque, which can be used as a power source for well site equipment. The electric motor may be an AC motor. In one example, the bottom surface of the motor may be arranged on a base (or carrier). When the frequency conversion and speed control integrated machine is placed in the working scene, the above-mentioned base (or carrier) is in contact with the ground, so as to enhance the stability of the frequency conversion and speed control all-in-one machine.
The rectifier inverter is electrically connected to the motor through the power supply cable. Usually, when the rectifier inverter performs frequency conversion on the alternating current from the power supply system, the alternating current is first converted into direct current (that is, “rectification”), and then the direct current is converted into variable frequency alternating current (that is, “inverting”), which is then supplied to the motor.
The motor used in the present disclosure has a certain voltage resistance by adjusting its own parameters so as to be compatible with the power supply system, so there is no need to use a rectifier transformer to adjust the voltage, and only a rectifier inverter needs to be used for frequency conversion and/or pressure adjustment. Such a rectifier inverter can be directly integrated on a motor because its volume and weight are much smaller than those of the existing frequency converter including a rectifier transformer. The rectifier inverter and the electric motor may each have a casing (an example of the electric motor 10 and the casing 12 for accommodating the electric motor 10 will be described in detail later with reference to, e.g.,
In some embodiments, the shapes of the first housing of the rectifier inverter and the second housing of the motor may be cylindrical bodies such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, or a cylinder, and their shapes are not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure. When the shape of the first casing and the second casing is a cuboid or a cube, it is favorable to fix the first casing of the rectifier inverter on the second casing of the motor, so as to enhance the stability of the whole device. The first housing may be directly connected to the second housing by means of bolts, screws, riveting or welding, or may be fixedly connected to the second housing via a mounting flange. A plurality of holes or a plurality of terminals may be arranged in the connection surfaces of both the first housing and the second housing for allowing cables to pass through, and the cables may include a power supply for electrically connecting the rectifier inverter to the motor a cable is used to directly output the AC power after frequency conversion and/or voltage regulation by the rectifier inverter to the motor, thereby driving the motor to run at an adjustable speed.
The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the connection position and connection method between the rectifier inverter (or its casing) and the motor (or its casing), as long as they can be integrally and fixedly installed together.
Rectifier inverter and the motor are integrated in the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine of the embodiments of the present disclosure, but the rectifier transformer is not included. Therefore, only the rectifier inverter can be provided on the motor, which reduces the overall volume and weight of the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine.
2. Fracturing Apparatus Driven by Frequency Conversion Speed Control Integrated Machine
2.1 Structure of Fracturing Apparatus
2.1.1 Overall Equipment Layout
As shown in
In
The fracturing apparatus 100a may also include a control cabinet 66. For example, the control cabinet 66 is arranged at one end of the integrated variable frequency speed regulation machine 310 in the −X direction, and the plunger pump 11 of the fracturing apparatus 100an is arranged at the other end of the integrated variable frequency speed regulation machine 310 in the X direction at the end. The present disclosure does not limit the relative positions of the control cabinet 66, the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine 310 and the plunger pump 11, as long as their layout can enable the fracturing apparatus 100a to be highly integrated. The power transmitted from the power supply network, etc., can be directly supplied to the variable frequency speed regulation integrated machine, or can be provided to the variable frequency speed regulation integrated machine through the control cabinet (without being processed by the control cabinet or after being processed by the control cabinet). For example, the control cabinet 66 may control the fracturing facility 100a and may power any electrical consumers in the fracturing facility 100a. For example, a high-voltage switchgear and an auxiliary transformer can be integrated in the control cabinet 66. The auxiliary transformer in the control cabinet 66 can adjust the voltage of the electric power transmitted from the power grid or the like and then provide it to various electric devices in the fracturing apparatus. Alternatively, the auxiliary transformer in the control cabinet 66 can also adjust the voltage of the electric power transmitted from the power supply network, etc., and then provide it to auxiliary equipment other than the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine in the fracturing apparatus. As an example, the auxiliary transformer can output a low voltage of 300V˜500V (AC) to supply power to auxiliary electrical devices such as a lubrication system, a heat dissipation system, and the like in the fracturing apparatus 100a.
Auxiliary electrical devices in the fracturing apparatus 100a include, for example: a lubrication system motor, a heat dissipation system motor, a control system, and the like.
As described in the foregoing embodiments, the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine 310 does not need to use a rectifier transformer. The rated frequency of the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine 310 can be 50 Hz or 60 Hz, and the rated frequency is the same as the power supply frequency of a power supply system such as a power supply network. It simplifies the power supply method and is more adaptable.
The whole fracturing apparatus 100a adopts the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine 310, the external wiring of the fracturing apparatus 100a can be directly connected to the high-voltage power supply system without the need for a rectifier transformer for voltage adjustment. The plunger pump 11 of the fracturing apparatus 100an is driven by the variable frequency speed control integrated machine 310 to pump the fracturing fluid underground.
Low pressure manifold 34 may be provided at one side of the plunger pump 11 in the −Z direction for supplying the fracturing fluid to the plunger pump 11. A high pressure manifold 33 may be provided at one end of the plunger pump 11 in the X direction for discharging fracturing fluid. The fracturing fluid enters the plunger pump 11 through the low pressure manifold 34, and is then pressurized by the movement of the plunger pump 11, and then is discharged to the high pressure header outside the plunger pump 11 through the high pressure manifold 33.
The fracturing apparatus 100a may further include: a lubrication system; a lubricating oil cooling system; a cooling liquid cooling system, and the like. The lubricating system includes, for example: a lubricating oil tank 60; a first lubricating motor and a lubricating pump group 61; and a second lubricating motor and a lubricating pump group 62 and the like. The lubricating oil cooling system includes, for example, a lubricating oil radiator 59 and the like. The cooling liquid cooling system includes, for example: a cooling liquid radiator 63; and a water circuit motor and a water circuit pump group 64 and the like.
In addition, the above-mentioned lubricating system, lubricating oil cooling system, and cooling liquid cooling system may be arranged at any suitable position on the carrier, for example, may be arranged at the top or side of the plunger pump 11 or the top of the variable frequency speed control integrated machine 310 or at the side, as long as the location enables a high level of integration in the device layout. In addition, the above-mentioned lubricating oil heat dissipation system is used to provide heat dissipation for the lubricating oil. The above cooling liquid heat dissipation system is used to provide heat dissipation for the plunger pump 11 and/or the variable frequency speed regulation integrated machine 310. The above-mentioned lubricating oil heat dissipation system and cooling liquid heat dissipation system may be at least partially replaced with an air-cooled heat dissipation system as needed. In addition, the above-mentioned lubricating oil radiator and coolant radiator may be a horizontal radiator, a vertical radiator or a square radiator as shown in
2.1.2 Lubrication System
As mentioned above, the lubricating system of the fracturing apparatus 100 includes, for example: a lubricating oil tank 60; a first lubricating motor and lubricating pump set 61; and a second lubricating motor and lubricating pump set 62. The lubrication system can be divided into a high-pressure lubrication system and a low-pressure lubrication system. The high-pressure lubrication system is used to provide lubrication to the power end of the plunger pump, and the low-pressure lubrication system is used to provide lubrication to the gearbox and the like. The first lubricating motor and lubricating pump set 61 and the second lubricating motor and pump set 62 can be used in a high-pressure lubrication system and a low-pressure lubrication system, respectively. The lubricating oil tank 60 may be arranged on the carrier frame 67, for example, at the side of the integrated variable frequency speed regulation machine 310, or at other positions that facilitate the integrated layout of the equipment. Lubricating oil for the high pressure lubrication system and/or the low pressure lubrication system is stored in the lubricating oil tank 60.
2.1.3 Cooling System
As mentioned above, the heat dissipation system of the fracturing apparatus 100 includes, for example, a lubricating oil heat dissipation system, which is used to cool the lubricating oil at the power end of the plunger pump, so as to ensure the normal operating temperature of the plunger pump 11 during operation. The lubricating oil cooling system can be composed of a lubricating oil radiator, a cooling fan, and a cooling motor, wherein the cooling fan is driven by the cooling motor. For example, the lubricating oil cooling system may be installed at the top or side of the plunger pump 11, and may also be installed at the top or the side of the variable frequency speed control integrated machine 310. During the process of lubricating oil cooling, after the lubricating oil enters the interior of the lubricating oil radiator, the air is driven by the rotation of the blades of the cooling fan. The cooled lubricating oil enters the inside of the plunger pump 11 to cool the power end of the plunger pump.
As mentioned above, the heat dissipation system of the fracturing apparatus 100 further includes, for example, a cooling liquid heat dissipation system. The integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine 310 will generate heat during operation. In order to avoid damage to the equipment caused by the heat during long-term operation, cooling liquid may be used for cooling. The coolant cooling system has a coolant radiator and a radiator fan, as well as drives such as a motor and a pump for pumping the coolant. The coolant cooling system can also be replaced with air cooling, in which case a cooling fan is required.
For example, the cooling liquid cooling system may be installed at the top or side of the plunger pump 11, or may be installed at the top or the side of the variable frequency speed control integrated machine 310. For example, when dissipating heat from the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine 310, the cooling medium (e.g., anti-freeze liquid, oil, water, etc.) is driven by the water circuit motor and the water circuit pump group (the water circuit motor drives the water pump, and the water pump can be a vane pump, such as a centrifugal pump or an axial flow pump or a multi-stage pump, etc.) to circulate inside the inverter integrated machine 310 and the coolant radiator 63. When the cooling medium enters the interior of the cooling liquid radiator 63, the air is driven by the rotation of the blades of the radiator fan, and the air exchanges heat with the cooling medium inside the cooling liquid radiator to reduce the temperature of the cooling medium. The cooled cooling medium entering into the integrated frequency conversion and speed regulation machine 310 to conduct heat exchange with the integrated frequency conversion and speed regulation machine 310, thereby reducing the temperature of the integrated frequency conversion and speed regulation machine 310, and ensuring that the operating temperature of the integrated frequency conversion and speed regulation machine 310 is normal.
The following describes an example of a specific arrangement of the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine 310 and a heat dissipation system that provides heat dissipation.
As shown in
As shown in
The rectifier inverter heat dissipation device 4 includes a cooling plate 41 (for example, when water is used as a cooling liquid medium, it is also called a water cooling plate), a cooling liquid storage assembly 42 and a fan assembly 43. The fan assembly 43 has a first fan assembly 43a and a second fan assembly 43b. The first fan assembly 43a includes a cooling fan 45 and a cooling motor 47, and the second fan assembly 43b includes a cooling fan 46 and a cooling motor 48. Using the two fan assemblies 43a and 43b can simultaneously cool the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid storage chamber 52 in the cooling liquid storage assembly 42, thereby enhancing the cooling effect. In addition, the air cooling mechanism 2An includes an air inlet assembly 30 and an air outlet assembly 20. The air intake assembly 30 is located at the bottom surface of the housing 12 and includes a first air intake assembly 30a and a second air intake assembly 30b. The bottom surface of the housing 12 is also provided with a protective net P covering at least the first air inlet assembly 30a and the second air inlet assembly 30b respectively to prevent foreign debris from being sucked into the cavity 13. The air outlet assembly 20 includes a first air outlet assembly 20a and a second air outlet assembly 20b. The first air outlet assembly 20an includes: a cooling fan 21a, an air exhaust duct 22a and a fan volute 25a. The exhaust duct 22an is provided with an air outlet 23a and an air outlet cover 24a. The first side 251 of the fan volute 25an is communicated with the cooling fan 21a, the second side 252 is communicated with the cavity 13 of the housing 12, and the third side 253 is communicated with the exhaust duct 22a. The second air outlet assembly 20b has a similar configuration to the first air outlet assembly 20a. The rectifier inverter 3 includes a first surface BM1 close to the casing 12 and a second surface BM2 away from the casing 12. That is, the first surface BM1 and the second surface BM2 are opposed to each other in a direction perpendicular to the transmission output shaft 14 (e.g., the y direction shown in the figure). The cooling plate 41 is located on the second surface BM2 and is in direct contact with the second surface BM2.
As described above, arranging the cooling plate 41, the cooling liquid storage assembly 42, and the fan assembly 43 in the rectifier inverter 4 in the embodiments of the present disclosure not only improves the heat dissipation effect on the rectifier inverter 3, but also reduces the heat dissipation effect on the rectifier inverter 3. The overall volume of the frequency conversion speed control integrated machine. In addition, because the cooling liquid is recyclable, it not only reduces the production cost, but also reduces the discharge of waste water and avoids environmental pollution.
2.1.4 Power Supply and Control System
In terms of power supply form, the power grid is widely used in China (power supply voltage is mainly 10 kV/50 Hz distribution network), and foreign countries are more inclined to supply power from power generation equipment (for example, in the United States and other places, the common generator voltage is 13.8 kV/60 Hz). The integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine of the present disclosure has pressure resistance after parameter adjustment, and can be directly connected to the power grid without going through a transformer for voltage transformation.
The fracturing apparatus 100 of the present disclosure, which includes and is driven by the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine 310, its power supply can come from the power grid, a generator, an energy storage device, or a combination thereof.
Since the rectifier transformer is not arranged in the power supply path, the present disclosure makes the power supply simpler and more convenient, and because the link of the rectifier transformer is reduced, the wiring quantity is also reduced.
In order to meet the requirement of centralized control of equipment, the fracturing apparatus of the present disclosure can be provided with various instrumentation equipment, and the instrumentation equipment can directly or indirectly integrate the control systems of multiple devices of the fracturing apparatus of the present disclosure together, so as to achieve centralized control.
The fracturing apparatus 100 of the present disclosure may be provided with their own control systems. For example, an integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine control system may be provided for the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine 3, and the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine control system may control the operation parameters of the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine 3. In addition, the plunger pump 11 may also include a plunger pump control system, and the plunger pump control system may adjust the operating parameters of the plunger pump. The fracturing apparatus 100 of the present disclosure may also include other devices for fracturing the wellsite and their corresponding control systems.
The fracturing apparatus 100 of the present disclosure may be provided with a centralized control system, which is connected in communication with the plunger pump control system, and the plunger pump control system is in communication with the rectifier and inverter control system. In this way, using the communication connection between the plunger pump control system and the rectifier inverter control system, the rectifier inverter 3 can be controlled by the plunger pump control system, and then the frequency of the alternating current output by the rectifier inverter can be controlled, so as to adjust the rotational speed of the electric motor 10 in the fracturing apparatus 100. Further, using the communication connection between the centralized control system and the plunger pump control system, the centralized control system can be indirectly communicated with the rectifier inverter control system, so that the rectifier inverter 3 can be controlled by the centralized control system and plunger pump 11, that is, to realize remote centralized control of electric drive fracturing operation.
For example, the centralized control system can realize the communication connection with the plunger pump control system, the rectifier inverter control system, and the control systems of other devices in the fracturing apparatus through a wired network or a wireless network.
For example, the remote centralized control of the electric fracturing operation of the present disclosure includes motor start/stop, motor speed adjustment, emergency stop, rectifier inverter reset, monitoring of key parameters (voltage, current, torque, frequency, temperature), etc. The fracturing apparatus of the present disclosure may include multiple plunger pump control systems and multiple rectifier inverter control systems. In the case where the plurality of plunger pump control systems and the plurality of rectifier and inverter control systems are all connected to the centralized control system, the present disclosure can control all the plunger pump devices and the rectifier and inverters through the centralized control system.
2.1.5 Skid Frame Assembly
Carrier is used to carry the above-mentioned parts of the fracturing apparatus of the present disclosure, and can be in the form of a skid, a semi-trailer, a chassis, or a combination thereof. The skid frame may have only one bottom plate, or only a frame without a directly connected vehicle body.
In addition, for example, as shown in
2.2 The Work and Effect of Fracturing Apparatus
The fracturing apparatus formed by adopting the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine of the present disclosure includes the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine, a plunger pump, and a control cabinet. The fracturing apparatus of the present disclosure integrates a frequency conversion speed regulation integrated machine and a plunger pump on a bearing frame. The fracturing apparatus can be started, controlled, and stopped through the control cabinet. The power transmitted from the power supply network can be directly supplied to the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine, or it can be provided to the frequency conversion speed regulation integrated machine through the control cabinet (after being processed by the control cabinet or not processed by the control cabinet). Alternatively, the auxiliary transformer provided in the control cabinet can adjust the voltage of the power transmitted from the power supply network and then provide it to various electrical devices in the fracturing apparatus. Alternatively, the auxiliary transformer provided in the control cabinet can adjust the voltage of the electric power transmitted from the power supply network and then provide it to auxiliary equipment other than the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine in the fracturing apparatus. The all-in-one variable frequency speed regulation machine driven by electricity provides the driving force to the power input shaft of the plunger pump through the transmission output shaft of the electric motor, so that the plunger pump works. Fracturing fluid is pumped underground.
In the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine of the fracturing apparatus of the present disclosure, the rectifier inverter is integrally installed on the motor, the casing of the rectifier inverter is closely installed with the casing of the motor, and the output of the rectifier inverter is the wire is directly connected to the inside of the motor. Since the wiring of the rectifier inverter and the motor is inside the motor, interference can be reduced. Especially when the rectifier inverter is integrated on the top of the motor, the rectifier inverter does not need to occupy an independent space, thus greatly saving installation space and making the overall device more compact.
In the fracturing apparatus of the present disclosure, the rated frequency of the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine is the same as the power supply frequency of the power supply network, so it has pressure resistance and does not require an additional transformer for voltage transformation. The external wiring of the fracturing apparatus of the present disclosure only needs to be connected to a set of high-voltage cables, so it can be directly connected to the high-voltage power supply grid, which simplifies the power supply mode and has stronger adaptability.
Transported and arranged in well sites under various conditions, it has high practicability and universality, and has low implementation cost during well site layout.
3. Connection and Drive Mode Between the Inverter and the Plunger Pump
As mentioned above, the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine 310 can be directly connected with the plunger pump 11. The internal transmission parts of both of them can be directly connected by means such as internal or external splines or flat or tapered keys. If each has a casing at the transmission part, the casings of both of them can be connected by a flange (the flange can be circular or square, etc.).
Considering the needs of different application places, the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine 310 and the plunger pump 11 may also adopt other connection methods, and then also be integrally installed on the carrier.
As shown in
As shown in
In addition, in the fracturing apparatus 100, a quick connect/disconnect mechanism is provided at the connection part of the plunger pump 11 and the reduction box 210, and the bottom of the plunger pump 11 is mounted on the equipment base in an assembled structure, at the installation position there are hoisting points. When you want to disassemble a plunger pump and replace it, first stop the plunger pump through the control system, disconnect it through the quick connect/disconnect mechanism, and then use the lifting point to remove the plunger pump from the equipment. Remove it from the base and move it to the designated position, then hoist the new plunger pump to the equipment base, then connect the new plunger pump and the gearbox together through the quick connect/disconnect mechanism, and finally start in the control system Plunger pump.
3.1 Example of a Single Machine Driving a Single Pump
In the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine of the present disclosure, in order to improve the single pump power of the plunger pump, as shown in
3.2 Examples of Single-Machine-Driven Multi-Pumps
Integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine of the present disclosure, in order to further save the floor space, a design scheme in which one motor drives a plurality of plunger pumps can be adopted.
As shown in
In
For example, as shown in
3.3 Example of Replacing the Electric Motor with a Turbine
In the previous embodiment and its examples, the example of using the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine to drive the fracturing apparatus has been described, but the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine can also be replaced by a turbine, by connecting the turbine with the plunger of the fracturing apparatus. The pumps are integrally mounted together, and a highly integrated equipment layout can also be obtained.
It has been exemplarily described above, and an application example of the fracturing apparatus in a well site will be described next.
4. Well Site Layout of Fracturing Apparatus
In some examples, as shown in
For example, the power for the mixing and supplying equipment 71, the sand mixing equipment 72, the sand storage and adding equipment 74, etc., can come from power supply equipment such as a control cabinet on site.
In some examples, as shown in
5. Other Modifications
The rectifier can be arranged in the control cabinet, and each inverter is integrated on the corresponding motor. By only integrating the inverter on the motor, the weight of the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine can be further reduced, the space occupied by the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine can be saved, and the motor and inverter in the integrated frequency-converting speed-varying machine can be optimized and other devices, or facilitate the arrangement of other devices. Since the inverters are integrally arranged on the corresponding motors, it is not necessary to connect the inverters and the motor before each fracturing operation, thereby reducing the operational complexity.
For example, applying
The directional phrases “top”, “bottom”, “front end”, “back end”, and the like used in the invention should be conceived as shown in the attached drawings, or may be changed in other ways, if desired.
In the drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure, only the structures related to the embodiments of the present disclosure are involved, and other structures may refer to the common design(s). In case of no conflict, features in one embodiment or in different embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined.
The above are merely particular embodiments of the present disclosure but are not limitative to the scope of the present disclosure; any of those skilled familiar with the related arts can easily conceive variations and substitutions in the technical scopes disclosed in the present disclosure, which should be encompassed in protection scopes of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scopes of the present disclosure should be defined in the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 202110426356.1 | Apr 2021 | CN | national |
| 202111198446.6 | Oct 2021 | CN | national |
The present application is a continuation-in-part application of International Application No. PCT/CN2021/139240 filed on Dec. 17, 2021, International Application No. PCT/CN2019/114304 filed on Oct. 30, 2019, and International Application No. PCT/CN2020/135860 filed on Dec. 11, 2020. The International Application No. PCT/CN2021/139240 claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202110426356.1 filed on Apr. 20, 2021. The present application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202111198446.6 filed on Oct. 14, 2021. The entire contents of all of the above-identified applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20220298906 A1 | Sep 2022 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/CN2021/139240 | Dec 2021 | US |
| Child | 17733922 | US | |
| Parent | PCT/CN2020/135860 | Dec 2020 | US |
| Child | PCT/CN2021/139240 | US | |
| Parent | PCT/CN2019/114304 | Oct 2019 | US |
| Child | PCT/CN2020/135860 | US |
