This invention relates to building construction. In particular, this invention relates to improvements to insulated concrete forms for building wall construction.
A popular material for construction of low-rise buildings, and becoming increasingly popular for residential construction, is concrete. Particularly in larger and taller buildings constructed from concrete, the concrete must incorporate a skeleton of reinforcing bar or “rebar” to resist the tensile and bending forces developed in the wall. The individual horizontal and vertical rebar must be assembled so that they are correctly distributed in the concrete form and retain that form while the concrete is poured around the rebar and solidifies. Conventionally, this is done through rebar-tying, that is, tying adjacent perpendicular rebar together with wire. Rebar-tying is an extremely time consuming and labour-intensive process. It would be advantageous if a modular positioning system for a wall’s rebar skeleton could be provided so as to obviate the need for tying.
In a concrete building, the concrete is generally supplied as a slurry which is poured into forms and allowed to solidify. While the forms are often reusable, there is a considerable amount of time and labour expended to erect and remove the forms before and after the concrete is poured. It would be far more efficient if the forms could be left in place, and preferably comprised components necessary to the completed wall, such as insulation.
Insulated concrete form (ICF) wall systems wherein the forms comprise part of the completed wall are known. However, such systems often use highly specific and customized components, including the insulation panels. It would be advantageous if the ICF wall system could use at least some generic and widely available components.
After construction of a wall’s substructure is complete, a weather barrier must be applied on the exterior surface of the wall before the exterior cladding may be installed. Weather barriers generally comprise a sheet of material, often a polymer, that resists bulk fluid infiltration of the wall but allows vapour to be released from the wall. For optimal performance, the weather barrier should be continuous and unbroken across the exterior of the wall substructure.
Commonly, a weather barrier is supplied as a roll of material that is wrapped around the exterior of the wall substructure. This is also a time-consuming and labor-intensive process in building construction.
Additionally, exterior cladding cannot be affixed directly to the weather barrier; most building codes require an air gap between the cladding and the weather barrier so that bulk fluid that manages to infiltrate the cladding may drain to the ground instead of being trapped against the weather barrier. Commonly, flashing strips are fastened to the weather barrier by nails or screws, and the cladding is then affixed to the flashing strips. The process of applying the flashing strips is also very time-consuming and labour-intensive. Further, the flashing fasteners perforate the weather barrier and allow bulk fluid to infiltrate the weather barrier. It would be advantageous to provide for a method of affixing exterior cladding in a manner that does not necessitate additional labour or compromise the weather barrier.
Insulated concrete form systems have a fixed height. Accordingly, when constructing walls taller than this fixed height, multiple layers of insulated concrete forms must be used. Existing insulated concrete form systems generally require specialized components to attach an upper layer of insulated concrete forms to the lower layer. It would be advantageous if a minimal number of different types of components could be used in constructing taller walls.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a modular positioning system for a wall’s internal rebar skeleton.
It is another further object of the invention to provide an ICF system that incorporates an exterior weather barrier.
It is yet another further object of the invention to provide an ICF system that allows exterior cladding to be applied in a manner that creates an air gap dictated by building codes while also avoiding compromising the underlying weather barrier.
It is still another further object of the invention to provide an ICF system that can be used in the construction of taller walls without the need for specialized components between vertical layers of forms.
These and other objects will be better understood by reference to this application as a whole. Not all of the objects are necessarily met by all embodiments of the invention described below or by the invention defined by each of the claims.
In this specification relative positions of the components refer to their position in respect of a notional building constructed using the invention. “Longitudinal” refers to the horizontal direction aligned with the length of a wall. “Transverse” refers to the horizontal direction passing perpendicular through the thickness of the wall. “Inner” and “outer” are relative positions along the transverse axis towards the interior and exterior, respectively, of the notional building.
In one aspect, the invention comprises a rebar trestle system for positioning horizontal and vertical rebar making up the internal skeleton of a concrete wall. The rebar trestle system comprises a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart vertical frame members. Each frame member comprises an interior post, an exterior post, and a plurality of substantially horizontal trays extending transversely between the interior post and exterior post. Each tray comprises a plurality of slots formed in an upper edge of the tray. Each tray further comprises a plurality of apertures formed through the tray. Preferably, there will be four trays in each frame member, and three slots and two apertures in each tray, although these numbers will vary depending upon the size, strength and durability of the desired finished wall. The rebar trestle system preferably further comprises a plurality of rebar retaining members, each rebar retaining member itself retained by one of the apertures. Each rebar retaining member preferably comprises an elastically deformable split pin insertable into an aperture, a rebar receiving portion, and an arm extending between the split pin and the rebar receiving portion. The split pin securely snap fits with the aperture. Horizontal rebar may be laid into collinear slots of longitudinally adjacent trays and vertical rebar may be threaded through vertically adjacent rebar receiving portions, thereby providing a correctly-positioned rebar skeleton prior to pouring concrete to finish the wall. The rebar trestle system will form part of the finished wall after pouring.
In another aspect, the invention comprises an improved ICF system for construction of cast-in-place concrete walls, wherein the forms remain in place after casting as a component of the finished wall. The ICF system comprises a plurality of longitudinally spaced-apart vertical form members. Each form member comprises an inner post, an outer post, and a plurality of vertically spaced-apart transverse interstitial webs connecting the inner post to the outer post.
At least some of the interstitial webs of each of the form members further comprise one or more troughs formed in an upper edge of the interstitial web. Rebar may then be laid horizontally in the troughs of interstitial webs of adjacent frame members to provide additional strength. At least the uppermost and lowermost interstitial webs preferably each comprise a plurality of ports formed longitudinally through the interstitial web. The ICF system then preferably further comprises a plurality of rebar retainers, each rebar retainer inserted into a port. Vertical rebar can be threaded through receiving portions (such as rings) of vertically adjacent rebar retainers, thereby holding the vertical rebar upright and in position in the interstitial cavity. The troughs and rebar retainers support a grid of rebar that forms a skeleton for the concrete once cast, giving additional strength and durability to the wall.
The inner and outer posts both each comprise an inner flange, an outer flange, and a post web connecting the inner flange to the outer flange. The inner flange, outer flange, and post web together define two adjacent vertical channels that open in longitudinally opposite directions. The ICF system further comprises a plurality of inner panels that each insert into the channels of adjacent inner posts and extend longitudinally between adjacent form members, and a plurality of outer posts that likewise each insert into channels of adjacent outer posts and extend longitudinally between adjacent form members. The form members thus transversely space apart the resultant rows of inner panels and outer panels to create an interstitial cavity that is filled with concrete to construct the wall. The panels will preferably comprise an insulating material to improve the thermal efficiency of the wall.
In another aspect, the plurality of outer panels each further comprise a weather resistant membrane, such as TYVEK HOMEWRAP®, applied to the outer surface of each outer panel. A plurality of sheathes are provided, each sheath sliding over the exterior flange of an outer stud. The sheathes may be produced in a variety of thicknesses, such that the combined thickness of each sheath and exterior flange is preferably equivalent to the air gap distance mandated by the applicable building codes for the jurisdiction in which the invention is deployed. Exterior cladding may then be fixed directly to the sheath and flange for completion of the building without compromising the weather resistant membranes.
In another aspect, the components of the invention can be used to construct multiple-layer walls without the need for additional components. After constructing a base layer of wall, the inner and outer insulating panels may protrude above the top of the form members of the base layer. Additional form members are then laid horizontally along the top of the base layer wall such that the protruding insulation panels insert into the downward-facing channels of the horizontally laid form members. A second layer of insulating panels alternating with vertical form members may be inserted into the upward-facing channels of the horizontally laid form members to create an insulated concrete form for the next vertical section of wall.
In another embodiment, the invention is a construction system for positioning reinforcing bar comprising a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart vertical frame members and a plurality of rebar retaining members. Each of the frame members has an interior stud, an exterior stud transversely spaced apart from the interior stud, and one or more trays extending transversely between the interior stud and the exterior stud. Each of the one or more trays has one or more slots formed in an upper side of the tray and one or more apertures formed through the tray. Each of the plurality of rebar retaining members is retainable by one of the apertures.
In another aspect, each of the plurality of rebar retaining members comprises an elastically deformable clip insertable into one of the apertures, a rebar receiving portion, and an arm connecting the rebar receiving portion to the elastically deformable clip.
In another aspect, the one or more trays is four trays.
In another aspect, the one or more slots is three slots.
In another aspect, the one or more apertures is two apertures.
In another embodiment, the invention is a method of erecting a reinforcing bar skeleton for a concrete wall. The method comprises providing a construction system for positioning reinforcing bar, providing a plurality of horizontally oriented reinforcing bar, and providing a plurality of vertically oriented reinforcing bar. The construction system for positioning reinforcing bar comprises a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart vertical frame members. Each of the frame members comprises an interior post, an exterior post transversely spaced apart from the interior post, a plurality of trays, and a plurality of rebar retaining members. The trays are vertically arrayed and extend transversely between the interior post and the exterior post. Each of the trays comprises a plurality of slots formed in an upper side of the tray and a plurality of apertures formed through the tray. Each of the rebar retaining members is retainable by one or the apertures. Each of the plurality of horizontally oriented reinforcing bar is positioned in and extends between respective slots of adjacent frame members. Each of the plurality of horizontally oriented reinforcing bar is inserted through respective vertically aligned rebar retaining members.
In another aspect, the invention is a concrete form system for constructing a wall. The system comprises a plurality of longitudinally spaced-apart form members. Each of the form members comprises a vertically upstanding inner post, a vertically upstanding outer post, a plurality of interstitial webs arrayed vertically and extending transversely between the inner post and the outer post, a plurality of rebar retaining members, a plurality of outer panels, and a plurality of inner panels. The outer post is transversely opposed to the inner post. Each of the plurality of interstitial webs comprises a plurality of troughs formed in an upper edge of the interstitial web and a plurality of ports formed through the interstitial web. The plurality of rebar retaining members are insertable into the plurality of ports. Each of the plurality of outer panels is retained between respective outer posts of adjacent form members. Each of the plurality of inner panels is retained between respective inner posts of adjacent form members.
In another aspect, each of the outer posts comprises an interstitial flange, an exterior flange, and an outer post web extending between the interstitial flange and the exterior flange.
In another aspect, the interstitial flange, the exterior flange, and the outer post web form first and second vertical channels.
In another aspect, each of the plurality of outer panels is retained by a respective first vertical channel and a respective second vertical channel of adjacent form members.
In another aspect, the thickness of the exterior flange corresponds to an air gap distance between the plurality of outer panels and an exterior cladding affixed to the exterior flange.
In another aspect, the system further comprises a plurality of sheathes each adapted to envelop the exterior flange of one frame member of the plurality of frame members.
In another aspect, the combined thickness of one of the plurality of sheathes and the exterior flange of one frame member of the plurality of frame members corresponds to an air gap distance between the plurality of outer panels and an exterior cladding affixed to the one of the plurality of sheathes.
In another aspect, each of the outer panels further comprises an exterior layer.
In another aspect, the exterior lawyer is a weather barrier.
In another aspect, each of the inner posts comprises an interstitial flange, an interior flange, and an inner post web extending between the interstitial flange and the interior flange.
In another aspect, the interstitial flange, the interior flange, and the inner post web form first and second vertical channels.
In another aspect, each of the plurality of inner panels is retained by a respective first vertical channel and a respective second vertical channel of adjacent form members.
In another aspect, each of the rebar retaining members comprises a retention clip insertable into the aperture, an arm, and a rebar receiving portion.
In another aspect, the arm comprises an angle bracket.
In another aspect, the rebar receiving portion comprises a ring.
In another embodiment, the invention is a method of constructing a wall. A form system is provided comprising a plurality of form members, a plurality of rebar retaining members, a plurality of outer panels, and a plurality of inner panels. Each of the form members comprises an inner post, an outer post spaced apart transversely from the inner post, and a plurality of spaced apart interstitial webs extending transversely between the inner post and the outer post. Each of the interstitial webs comprise a plurality of slots formed in an edge of the interstitial web and a plurality of apertures formed through the interstitial web. The form members are erected vertically along a perimeter of the wall to be constructed so that each of the form members is spaced apart longitudinally from respective adjacent form members. One of the plurality of rebar retaining members is inserted into each aperture of the plurality of apertures of the plurality of interstitial webs of the plurality of form members. A plurality of horizontal reinforcing bars is provided and the plurality of horizontal reinforcing bars are inserted to extend between respective slots of adjacent form members. A plurality of vertical reinforcing bars is provided and each of the vertical reinforcing bars is inserted through vertically adjacent rebar retaining members of each of the form members. Each of the outer panels is inserted between respective outer posts of adjacent form members. Each of the inner panels is inserted between respective inner posts of adjacent form members. Concrete is poured into an interstitial cavity formed between the plurality of outer panels and the plurality of inner panels.
In another aspect, the inner panels and the outer panels are taller than the form members.
In another aspect, the inner panels each comprise an inner top edge and an inner bottom edge and the outer panels each comprise an outer top edge and an outer bottom edge.
In another aspect, a second plurality of the form members is provided and laid horizontally so that the inner top edges of the plurality of inner panels insert into inner posts of the second plurality of the form members and the outer top edges of the plurality of the outer panels insert into outer posts of the second plurality of the form members. A third plurality of form members is provided and erected vertically and longitudinally spaced apart on the second plurality of form members. A second plurality of the outer panels is provided and each of the second plurality of the outer panels is inserted into respective outer posts of the second plurality of the form members and between respective outer posts of the third plurality of the form members. A second plurality of the inner panels is provided and each of the second plurality of the inner panels is inserted into respective inner posts of the second plurality of the form members and between respective inner posts of the third plurality of the form members.
In another aspect, the method is repeated to construct additional layers of wall.
In another aspect, each of the plurality of the form members, each of the second plurality of the form members, and each of the third plurality of the form members are identical in shape, size, and length.
The foregoing may cover only some of the aspects of the invention. Other and sometimes more particular aspects of the invention will be appreciated by reference to the following description of at least one preferred mode for carrying out the invention in terms of one or more examples. The following mode(s) for carrying out the invention are not a definition of the invention itself, but are only example(s) that embody the inventive features of the invention.
At least one mode for carrying out the invention in terms of one or more examples will be described by reference to the drawings thereof in which:
Referring to
Each vertical frame member 102 comprises an interior stud 104 and a transversely spaced apart exterior stud 106. A plurality of rebar trays 108 extend transversely between the interior stud 104 and the exterior stud 106. According to the exemplary embodiment shown by
Each rebar tray 108 comprises a plurality of slots 110 formed in an upper side 112 of the rebar tray 108. According to the exemplary embodiment shown in
Each rebar tray 108 also comprises one or more apertures 114 formed through the rebar tray 108. According to the exemplary embodiment shown in
Referring to
Referring to
The rebar trestle system 100 may also be integrated with an insulated concrete form system to form a wall construction system 200. Referring to
Referring particularly to
Each interstitial web 208 further comprises a plurality of rebar troughs 210 formed in an upper edge 212 of the interstitial web 210. Horizontal reinforcing bar 10 can be laid into rebar troughs 210 of adjacent form members 202 to provide additional strength and durability to the finished wall. As shown in
Each interstitial web 208 preferably further comprises a plurality of rebar retaining member ports 214 formed through the interstitial web 208. Preferably, each port 214 is transversely positioned between adjacent rebar slots 210. Rebar retaining members 500 may be inserted into each port 214 as described above in relation to the apertures 114 of the rebar trestle system 100.
Referring particularly to
Similarly, the inner post 204 comprises an interior flange 232 and a transversely spaced apart second interstitial flange 234. The interior flange 232 and second interstitial flange 234 are connected by an inner post web 236. The interior flange 232, second interstitial flange 234, and inner post web 236 together define a third channel 238 and fourth channel 240. The third channel 238 opens in a longitudinally opposed direction from the second channel 240 as shown. The outer post web 224 and inner post web 236 may optionally include pass-throughs 242 as shown in
Referring back to
Preferably, the outer panels 300 and inner panels 400 are comprised of insulating materials. Commonly used insulating materials include, but are not limited to, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, and polyisocyanurate foams. Panels comprised of these materials are widely available in standard sizes, and the dimensions and spacing of the form members 202 are preferably designed to accommodate these standard panels. These materials are also at least somewhat compressible which contributes to a snug fit between the panels and the form members.
The outer panels 300 and inner panels 400, once installed between the form members 202, define an interstitial cavity 260 into which the concrete can be poured to form the completed wall. A snug fit between the panels and the form members is thus desirable to prevent leakage of the concrete slurry through the joints between the form members and the panels after pouring.
Referring to
Referring back to
Another embodiment of the invention is a method for constructing a wall using the wall construction system 200. First, the form members 202 are erected on a base structure (not shown). The form members 202 are secured to the base structure by suitable methods known in the art. Second, the vertical sheathes 350 are installed over exterior flanges 212. Third, the outer panels 300 and inner panels 400 are inserted longitudinally between adjacent form members 202 as described above. Fourth, rebar retainers 500 are installed in the interstitial webs 208 of the frame members 200 as necessary for the strength requirements of the final wall. Fifth, horizontal rebar 10 is laid into the rebar slots and vertical rebar 20 are threaded into the rebar retainers 500 as necessary. In some situations, it may be necessary, or simply easier, to perform the fourth and fifth steps before installing the outer panels 300 and inner panels 400. Finally, concrete is poured into the interstitial cavity 260 and allowed to cure. Exterior cladding 360 can then be affixed to the vertical sheathes 350 to complete the exterior of the wall, a section of which is shown in
The rebar trestle system 100 and wall construction system 200 may be assembled with ease by builders and are expected to substantially reduce building time. With the use of outer panels 300 having an applied weather barrier membrane 302, building time is further reduced as builders will not need to apply housewrap to various exterior surfaces prior to affixing external cladding.
Smooth interior surfaces of the frame members 102 and the form members 202 and smooth surfaces of panels 300 and 400 allow for the smooth pouring of concrete and the reduction or elimination of voids that can often exist in prior art wall systems.
The rebar trestle system 100 and wall construction system 200 are also energy efficient compared to prior art wall systems which utilize metal or wood studs.
Whereas existing prior art ICF block systems are typically only used for the foundation of buildings, the wall construction system 200 can be utilized in multi-story buildings for walls up to at least six floors. Referring to
It will be recognized that inner panels 400 and outer panels 300 will be taller than the first layer form members 202E by half a flange length in order to connect the horizontal form members 202F. Similarly, subsequent upper layer form members, such as form members 202G, will be shorter than the base layer form members 202E. The form members may be provided to the construction site pre-sized to the correct lengths, or may be cut to length on site.
While outer panels 300E are shown as inserting into first channel 226F of horizontal form members 202F and inner panels 400E are shown as inserting into third channel 238F, it will be appreciated that other orientations of the horizontal form members 202F will be possible. Indeed, depending upon the position of vertical rebar in the wall, it may be necessary to orient some horizontal form members differently so that the interstitial webs 208F do not obstruct the placement of vertical rebar.
In some embodiments, horizontal form members may be laid in place during pouring of the foundation, such that the horizontal form members are embedded by half a flange length in the foundation. The first layer may then be erected by inserting the inner panels 400 and outer panels 300 into the second and fourth channels of the embedded horizontal form member. With this alternative construction method, all the form members used can be of the same length (that being shorter than the inner and outer panels by a flange length). This will further improve on-site efficiency as only one length of form member need be provided, removing the need for on-site cutting or for sorting and selecting the necessary form member length for the given layer of wall.
In the foregoing description, exemplary modes for carrying out the invention in terms of examples have been described. However, the scope of the claims should not be limited by those examples, but should be given the broadest interpretation consistent with the description as a whole. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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3126079 | Jul 2021 | CA | national |