Francis Cycle Backwards Injected Engine

Abstract

Fuel is injected into and through the exhaust port and into the cylinder of the piston engine during the time when the flow is reversed from the normally expected flow. The engine is able to operate with some or all of its fuel injected backwards of conventional expectations. In another embodiment the fuel is injected with solid stream injector sprays directed against exhaust valves and ports and deflected into the piston cylinder against the flow of normally aspirated or supercharged engines. This invention can apply to gasoline or diesel cycles and four and two stroke type cycles of engine.

Description

DESCRIPTION

Brief Description of the Several Views of the Drawings

Drawings—Figures

FIG. 1 Shows a System Schematic.

FIG. 2 Shows An example exhaust tract pressure map for a four stroke poppet valve engine is shown as an example in graph FIG. 2.

FIG. 3 Shows an embodiment of deflecting solid streams of fuel (F) (or water) onto the exhaust valves.

FIG. 4 Shows a view of an exhaust poppet valve from above showing an embodiment with three solid stream fuel (F) injection streams deflected off of evenly distributed points of the valve.

FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of one or more solid stream or non-atomizing fuel injector's 1 injections are deflected against the exhaust tract edge of a piston operated cylinder exhaust valve port and said stream (F) is deflected into said combustion chamber and or cylinder of a two stroke engine.

FIG. 6 thru FIG. 10 disclose a 4 stroke poppet valved engine with occurrences in consecutive sequence,

FIG. 6

Near end of Exhaust upstroke, an Intake valve is closed, an Exhaust valve is open, Exhaust gases are driven out said exhaust valve,

FIG. 7

Exhaust Top Dead Center, only said Exhaust valve is open and said Exhaust gases are present in the near areas of an Exhaust tract,

FIG. 8

During Intake downstroke, Inlet and Exhaust valves are open, Fuel has been injected 1 thru said exhaust valve, Fuel could be injected through the intake, (Inlet valve Air+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)+(Exhaust valve Exhaust Regurgitation+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)=Control and Optimization of length of time, temperature, and pressure of future burning,

FIG. 9

During Intake downstroke, Inlet and Exhaust valves are closed. An Increase in Expansion Ratio begins by ending further Inhalation at a cylinder volume less than the full usable cylinder volume which will be used during the following combustion downstroke.

FIG. 10

Bottom Dead Center, Intake downstroke stroke changes to upward Compression stroke.

FIG. 11 thru FIG. 15 disclose a 4 stroke poppet valved engine with occurrences in consecutive sequence,

FIG. 11

Near end of Exhaust upstroke, an Inlet valve opens and an Exhaust valve is open, Exhaust gases are driven into Intake and Exhaust tracts,

(In a super charged engine the exhaust valve could be closed to force Exhaust gases against the supercharger into the Intake tract, or to control the exhaust gases driven into the Intake tract)

FIG. 12

Exhaust Top Dead Center, valve overlap condition, both valves open and said Exhaust gases are present in the near areas of the Intake and Exhaust tracts,

FIG. 13

During Intake downstroke, Inlet and Exhaust valves open. Fuel has been injected 1 thru said Exhaust valve, Fuel could be injected through the said Intake valve, ((Inlet valve Exhaust Regurgitation+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)+(Intake Air+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder))+(Exhaust valve Exhaust Regurgitation+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)=Control and Optimization of length of time, temperature, and pressure of future burning,

FIG. 14

During Intake downstroke, said Inlet and Exhaust valves are closed, An Increase in Expansion Ratio begins by ending further Inhalation at a cylinder volume less than the full usable cylinder volume which will be used during the following combustion downstroke,

FIG. 15

Bottom Dead Center, Intake downstroke stroke changes to upward Compression stroke.

FIG. 16

thru FIG. 20 disclose a 4 stroke poppet valved engine with occurrences in consecutive sequence,

FIG. 16

Near end of Exhaust upstroke, an Intake valve is closed, an Exhaust valve is open, Exhaust gases are driven thru said Exhaust valve,

FIG. 17

Exhaust Top Dead Center, only the Exhaust valve is open and said Exhaust gases are present in the near areas of an Exhaust tract,

FIG. 18

During Intake downstroke, Only said Exhaust valves are open, Fuel has been injected 1 thru said Exhaust valve, (Exhaust valve Exhaust Regurgitation+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)+

FIG. 19

During Intake downstroke, Only said Inlet valves are open. Fuel could be injected through the said Intake valve,

(Intake Air+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)=Control and Optimization of length of time, temperature, and pressure of future burning,

FIG. 20

During Intake downstroke, Inlet and Exhaust valves are closed, An Increase in Expansion Ratio begins by ending further Inhalation at a cylinder volume less than the full usable cylinder volume which will be used during the following combustion downstroke.

FIG. 21 thru FIG. 25 disclose a 4 stroke poppet valved engine with occurrences in consecutive sequence,

FIG. 21

Near end of Exhaust upstroke, an Intake valve is closed, an Exhaust valve is open, Exhaust gases are driven out exhaust valve,

FIG. 22

Exhaust Top Dead Center, only said Exhaust valve is open and Exhaust gases are present in the near areas of an Exhaust tract,

FIG. 23

During Intake downstroke, Only said Exhaust valves are open. Fuel has been injected thru said Exhaust valve,

(Exhaust valve Exhaust Regurgitation+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)+

FIG. 24

During Intake downstroke, only Inlet valves are open, Fuel could be injected through the Intake,

(Intake Air+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)=Control and Optimization of length of time, temperature, and pressure of future burning,

FIG. 25

During the Compression upstroke the intake valve is open to allow some of the cylinder gases to be sent out of the cylinder back into the intake tract, An Increase in Expansion Ratio occurs by reducing the Inhalation cylinder volume to less than the full usable cylinder volume which will be used during the following combustion downstroke.

FIG. 26 is a Supercharged Two Stroke Engine with a poppet exhaust valve and a cylinder piston port valve intake, Fuel is injected against the flow of exhaust, (Intake Air+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)+(Exhaust valve Exhaust Regurgitation+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)=Control and Optimization of length of time, temperature, and pressure of future burning.

In one embodiment a piston in an internal combustion engine is pushed down to the bottom of the cylinder which causes the opening of exhaust ports. The pressure in the exhaust piping is positive 7 (FIG. 2) after combustion. The pressure is released in a wave out the exhaust system. After the positive pressure wave comes a negative pressure wave 8 (FIG. 2) which is the indication of flow known to be capable of bringing exhaust gases back thru the combustion chamber and as far as the intake tract (IN) (FIG. 1). An example exhaust tract pressure map for a four stroke poppet valve engine is shown as an example in graph FIG. 2. In practice the shape of the graph may be difficult to predict and depends on the engine configuration and operating conditions. The waves of energy are sometimes described as caused by the subsonic organ pipe effect of the end of the pipe causing the reflection backwards to its origin based on the length of the pipe. The reflections have also been described by the supersonic shock waves which can emanate from the pressure release of the opening of the exhaust valve and also reflect backwards from the end of the exhaust tube towards the origin at the exhaust valve.

Pressure in the Exhaust tract is an indirect indication of the direction of flow with in the exhaust tract, positive is flow outward from the cylinder and negative pressure into the cylinder which can be cross verified by intake pressure, crankshaft or camshaft position, cylinder pressure. In one embodiment pressure sensors in the exhaust tract 5 (FIG. 1), combustion chamber 3 (FIG. 1), intake tract 6 (FIG. 1) send condition information to the Engine Control Unit (ECU) 4 (FIG. 1). The ECU triggers fuel injectors in the exhaust port 1 (FIG. 1). The ECU can also trigger fuel injector 2 (FIG. 1) on the conventional intake side when conditions are desirable or necessary such as when the engine is cold and starting. For simplicity the other sensors commonly used on fuel injections are not shown in the diagram, but would or could be used, for example, oxygen sensor, knock sensor, air mass sensor, intake temperature, cylinder head temperature, exhaust gas temperature.

Another embodiment of this invention utilizes variations in the fuel delivered from the intake and the exhaust ports to achieve variation in fuel to air ratios that allow ignition while also allowing complete burning without high combustion temperatures which lead to nitrogen oxide formation.

Another embodiment of this invention utilizes different fuels in the intake versus the exhaust to better achieve the results described in the paragraph above.

FIG. 3 shows An embodiment of deflecting solid streams of fuel (F) (or water) onto the exhaust valves to create atomization of fuel, entry of fuel into the combustion chamber against or with the gas flow, cooling of the valve central body.

As velocity decreases over distance more rapidly as droplets form and become smaller, a solid stream therefore maintains the maximum velocity against turbulence and opposite gas flow and therefore is able to oppose and traverse the exhaust gas flow. The impact of the solid stream on the poppet valve produces different liquid sheet angles and the break-up lengths at various angles and locations of impact on different shapes of valves.

Restated, Solid stream nozzles provide the highest impact per unit area. The large free passage design through the typically round solid stream nozzle orifice reduces clogging. In one embodiment a solid stream non-atomized spray directed against the exhaust valve achieves fuel heating and atomization from the deflection impact against the valve and the fuel charge flow against the flow of exhaust gases.

More than one injector can be used to create even thermal conditions in the valve metal which would reduce internal stresses within the metal because of differences in thermal expansion and contraction. FIG. 4 is a view of a exhaust poppet valve from above showing an embodiment with three solid stream fuel (F) injection streams deflected off of evenly distributed points of the valve.

The location of highest heat in the valve are presented in U.S. Pat. No. 4,073,474. Heat in the poppet valve periphery that contacts the valve seat is conducted away from the poppet valve. The hot center of the valve disk or head expands the metal against the cooler less thermally expended valve head periphery in contact with the valve seat, resulting in hoop stress and cracks within the valve periphery that contacts the valve seat within the intake tract. In one embodiment of this invention cooling from fuel and or water spray would be best directed upon this hot center of the valve head. Described in alternate language, the solid spray impacts between the beginning of the poppet valve stem and the beginning of the part of the valve periphery which makes contact with the valve seat in the cylinder head.

Fortunately the exhaust valve is typically placed in the cylinder head with a short exit path to the exhaust header, so it may be possible to perform conversions of existing engines by installing injectors in the exhaust headers. Smaller injectors know as pico injectors are available. Smaller single cylinder engines or engines with separated cylinders allow more direct access to the exhaust valve from many directions and thus are better candidates for inexpensive conversion.

Small two stroke engines present a simpler conversion. FIG. 5 illustrates embodiment of one or more solid stream or non-atomizing fuel injector's 1 injections are deflected against the exhaust tract edge of a piston operated cylinder exhaust valve port and said stream (F) is deflected into said combustion chamber and or cylinder of a two stroke engine.

Copy of Paragraph 3 of the Provisional Patent:

This conception of injecting fuel into the combustion chamber from the exhaust side of the engine is unexpected because conventional expectations do not see flow going this direction. Conventional expectations are also that the injection into this area would cause a back fire or wasted fuel. In some cases fuel is injected into the exhaust port, but it is designed to combust there and flow out the exhaust pipe to provide heating and preparation of the mixture for the catalytic converter. In this invention the fuel is designed to go into the combustion chamber and be burned there for propulsion.

Copy of Paragraph 4 of the Provisional Patent:

The hot surfaces of the exhaust tract and ports and exhaust valves that would normally be considered a structural melting problem are used to heat and make gaseous (volatilize) the liquid fuel which results in better combustion. The fuel spray also serves to cool the problematically hot exhaust valve. Heavier fuels can used because of the hot volatilization. The cooling of the exhaust ports and valves reduces the potential for uncontrolled burning or detonation caused by the hot surfaces and thus suppresses the very reason that this invention would be considered impossible to implement.

Copy of Paragraph 8 of the Provisional Patent:

Another embodiment of this invention utilizes variations in the fuel delivered from the intake and the exhaust ports to achieve variation in fuel to air ratios that allow ignition while also allowing complete burning without high combustion temperatures which lead to nitrogen oxide formation.

Copy of Paragraph 9 of the Provisional Patent:

Another embodiment of this invention utilizes different fuels in the intake versus the exhaust to better achieve the results described in the paragraph above.

Paragraph 10 of the Provisional Patent:

Another embodiment of this invention utilizes water or its vapors or constituent parts of water in the exhaust port injector to cool the cylinder charge and the components of the cylinder itself to achieve the results described in the above.

DEFINITIONS

Definitions

Inlet=Intake

Valve=valvesPoppet Valve=shaped like a tulip, or shaped like the bottom of a stemware wine glass.Intake pressure=Airmass Sensor=a sensing of engine load with predicts engine breathing efficiency to balance it with versus fuel supplied.

Exhaust=Exhaust Gases.

Backwards Injection=Exhaust valve fuel injection

In most embodiments of piston engines, Inherent Residual Exhaust gases exist, inherent to incomplete scavenging of the leftover unpumped Top Dead Center combustion space, wave action, Some Internal EGR is inherent to almost all engines. Supercharging across the valve overlap can avoid inherent residual loss of fuel to the exhaust tract.

In most embodiments of piston engines: Combustion reburning of exhaust gases by same engine=Exhaust Gas Recirculation=EGR, in most cases the exhaust is piped externally from the exhaust to the intake.

In most embodiments of piston engines: Internal Exhaust Gas Recirculation=Residual Exhaust Gases left in the cylinder between cycles.

In some embodiments of piston engines: Internal Exhaust Gas Recirculation=Exhaust Gas Regurgitation where the Exhaust gases are expelled from the cylinder and then re-inhaled between cycles.

Engines may or may not have=Cooled exhaust gas recirculationStratified Charge=different fuel and gas properties within the combustion chamber.Stratified Charge=more than one gas fuel mixture burned in the same space=rich and Lean Burning=Lean, Stochiometric, Rich, EGR=Exhaust, Intake, Direct Injections=Steps in consecutive combustion=longer burn time=barriers to Fast Burning.PreIgnition=Auto ignition=Knock which may lead to:Fast Burning=Explosion=Detonation instead of deflagration.

Increase in Expansion Ratio: An Increase in Expansion Ratio can occur by reducing the Intake cylinder volume to less than the full usable cylinder volume which will be used during the following combustion downstroke.

Direct Injection is another source of fuel that enters the engine without going thru the intake and exhaust system. Direct Injection could be added to the embodiments in this disclosure.

In embodiments primarily of four stroke engines the inventions Exhaust valve fuel injection enables having mixture control more independent of the intake air and Intake valve timing without the need for direct injection.

Kits made up of ECU and injection systems and exhaust headers may be packaged for application in manufacturing engines and conversion of existing engines.

Exhaust valve fuel injection improves on the ability of Exhaust Gas Recirculation to occur internally, inherently using the already existing engine intake and exhaust valves and pistons without an additional external separate circuit and mechanisms.

Exhaust valve fuel injection improves on the ability to make the expansion ratio of the engine greater than the piston and cylinders compression ratio as calculated by piston sweep and cylinder volumes alone. In the vernacular it is having the engine doing less, so the engine has more time to extract more per unit of fuel, an increase in efficiency commonly credited to Atkinson, the Atkinson cycle. The engine puts out less power but remains the same weight but it is simple to make as it uses the same number and type of parts as ordinary engines.

Exhaust valve fuel injection improves on the ability to combine increases in the expansion ratio over the calculated compression ratio with improvements in internal Inherent Exhaust Gas Recirculation combined with improvements in mixture control more independent of the intake air and intake valve timing.

If valve timing is varied during engine operation all of the embodiments can be optimized for conditions and can be accomplished without the pumping losses of a variable intake restrictor throttle.

Exhaust valve fuel injection enables one to abandon the use of restriction throttles and external exhaust gas recirculation systems. One may or may not get rid of intake injection and direct injection systems. The potential utility of variable valve timing increased. The variable valves allow throttling the engine by use of more internal residual exhaust and fuel supplied from the exhaust valve and tiny amounts of air and fuel from the intake valve. The different stratified cylinder charge from the intake and exhaust valve create a longer duration lower peak pressure burning of a stratified charge mixture of air and exhaust recirculated gases.

Drawing figures illustrate other sequences of 4 stroke engine events, for example the order FIG. 16,21, FIG. 17,22, FIG. 13, FIG. 14, FIG. 15 is possible.

Additional modifications and improvements of the present invention may also be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the particular combination of parts described and illustrated herein is intended to represent only one embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to serve as limitations of alternative devices within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A naturally aspirated internal combustion piston engine with separate intake and exhaust valves having fuel or water injected into the combustion chamber and cylinder for the next cycle of combustion thru said exhaust valve of said combustion chamber or cylinder during the moments when the exhaust flow is backwards while the exhaust valve is open.

2. The engine of claim 1 wherein one or more solid stream or non-atomizing fuel injector's injections are deflected against the area of an exhaust poppet valve that exists between the stem of the valve and the part of the valve which touches the valve seat when closed, and said stream is deflected into said combustion chamber and or cylinder.

3. The engine of claim 1 wherein one or more solid stream or non-atomizing fuel injector's injections are deflected against the area of an exhaust poppet valve that touches the exhaust poppet valve seat when closed, and said stream is deflected into said combustion chamber and or cylinder.

4. The engine of claim 1 wherein one or more solid stream or non-atomizing fuel injectors inject through the gap between the exhaust poppet valve and the valve seat and said stream enters undeflected into said combustion chamber and or cylinder.

5. The engine of claim 1 wherein an atomizing fuel injector near to said exhaust valve and thru said exhaust valve.

6. The engine of claim 1 wherein one or more solid stream or non-atomizing fuel injector's injections are deflected against the exhaust tract edge of a piston operated cylinder exhaust valve port and said stream is deflected into said combustion chamber and or cylinder.

7. The engine of claim 1 wherein one or more solid stream or non-atomizing fuel injectors inject through an open piston operated cylinder exhaust valve port into said combustion chamber and or cylinder.

8. A supercharged or naturally aspirated internal combustion piston engine with separate intake and exhaust valves and having fuel or water injected into the combustion chamber and cylinder for the next cycle of combustion thru said exhaust valve of said combustion chamber or cylinder during the moments while the exhaust valve is open.

9. The engine of claim 8 wherein one or more solid stream or non-atomizing fuel injector's injections are deflected against the area of an exhaust poppet valve that exists between the stem of the valve and the part of the valve which touches the valve seat when closed, and said stream is deflected into said combustion chamber and or cylinder.

10. The engine of claim 8 wherein one or more solid stream or non-atomizing fuel injector's injections are deflected against the area of an exhaust poppet valve that touches the exhaust poppet valve seat when closed, and said stream is deflected into said combustion chamber and or cylinder.

11. The engine of claim 8 wherein one or more solid stream or non-atomizing fuel injectors inject through the gap between the exhaust poppet valve and the valve seat and said stream enters undeflected into said combustion chamber and or cylinder.

12. The engine of claim 8 wherein an atomizing fuel injector injects fuel near to said exhaust valve and than said exhaust valve.

13. The engine of claim 8 wherein one or more solid stream or non-atomizing fuel injector's injections are deflected against the exhaust tract edge of a piston operated cylinder exhaust valve port and said stream is deflected into said combustion chamber and or cylinder.

14. The engine of claim 8 wherein one or more solid stream or non-atomizing fuel injectors inject through an open piston operated cylinder exhaust valve port into said combustion chamber and or cylinder.

15. A supercharged or naturally aspirated internal combustion piston engine with separate intake and exhaust valves with a means for simultaneously cooling the exhaust valves and heating the fuel by injecting fuel through said exhaust valve into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine while said exhaust valve is open.

16. A method of deflecting a solid stream of fuel off of parts of the exhaust side of the exhaust valves or nearby surrounding areas of the exhaust valves to direct and atomize the fuel into the combustion chamber or cylinder while overcoming hot gas flow in the opposite direction without burning or explosion.

17. A method of timing the injection into the exhaust side of the exhaust valves or nearby surrounding areas by measuring the pressure around the area of the exhaust side of said exhaust valve to estimate the direction of flow to inject with the flow back into the combustion chamber or cylinder.

18. A method of complete burning without high combustion temperatures by optimizing variation of air fuel ratios and total amounts of fuel and types of fuel shared between intake and exhaust injections; optimizing for the difference in heating of the fuel between intake and exhaust injection sources and optimizing for the mixing time and residency time and hotter and different combustion gases available to the exhaust injected fuel while the exhaust valve is open; controlling injectors by the ECU using the knock sensing, exhaust gas temperature, cylinder head temperature, oxygen sensor, air mass sensor, intake temperature and pressure sensors in the exhaust tract valve area, combustion chamber and intake.

19. An engine with fuel injectors injecting from outside the intake and the exhaust valves into the combustion cylinder and controlled by the ECU and sensors of knocking, exhaust gas temperature, cylinder head temperature, oxygen sensor, air mass, intake temperature and pressure in the exhaust tract valve area, combustion chamber and intake tract valve area as; a. first means for optimizing variation of air fuel ratios and total amounts of fuel and or types of fuel shared between intake and exhaust injections;b. including a second means for optimizing for the difference in heating of fuel between intake and exhaust injection sources;c. including a third means for optimizing for the cylinder residency mixing time and the hotter and different combustion gases available to the exhaust injected fuel in comparison to the intake injection while the exhaust valve is open; producing complete burning without high combustion temperatures.

20. A method of timing the injection into the exhaust side of the exhaust valves or chamber by cross verifying backwards flow from high to low relative pressures by intake pressure, cylinder pressure, exhaust pressure, crankshaft and camshaft positions, for comparison of said pressures with all valve and piston positions.

21. An engine with pressure sensors in the exhaust side of the exhaust valve area and cylinder and intake side of the intake valve area and measurements of crankshaft and camshaft position as a means for cross verifying relative pressures and valve opening and piston positions that would allow backwards flow from high to low relative pressures producing a signal to inject fuel into the cylinder chamber from the area of said exhaust side of said exhaust valve.

22. A engine exhaust poppet valve and stem area which is impacted by 3 or more solid stream fuel injectors whose fuel injections are deflected against the area of said exhaust poppet valve that exists between the stem of said valve and the part of the valve which touches said valve seat when closed, whose fuel injections are evenly spaced around the circular shape as in FIG. 4) element F and at a fuel angle as in FIG. 3) element F's angle to the impacted surface of said valve that is between perpendicular and tangent and the streams are deflected into the combustion chamber and or cylinder.

23. A method of creating even thermal conditions in the exhaust valve metal or materiel which would reduce internal stresses within the metal because of differences in thermal expansion and contraction by cooling the valve with 3 or more solid stream fuel injectors whose fuel is evenly spaced around the circular shape as in FIG. 4) element F and at a fuel angle as in FIG. 3) element F's angle to the impacted surface of said valve that is between perpendicular and tangent, and the fuel injections are deflected against the area of an exhaust poppet valve that exists between the stem of said valve and the part of said valve which touches the valve seat when closed and the streams are deflected into the combustion chamber and or cylinder.

24. A engine with an exhaust poppet valve and stem area surrounded by 3 or more solid stream fuel injectors as a: a. first means for injecting fuel at an angle as in FIG. 3) element F to the impacted surface of said valve that is between perpendicular and tangent and evenly spaced around the circular shape as in FIG. 4) element F andb. by a second means of fuel injections deflecting against the area of said exhaust poppet valve that exists between the stem of the valve and the part of the valve which touches said valve seat when closed and the streams are deflecting into the combustion chamber and or cylinder, producing even thermal conditions in said valve metal or materiel which would reduce internal stresses within the metal because of differences in thermal expansion and contraction.

25. A naturally aspirated internal combustion piston engine with separate intake and exhaust valves having fuel injected into the combustion chamber and cylinder for the next cycle of combustion thru said exhaust valve of said combustion chamber or cylinder during the moments when the exhaust flow is backwards while said exhaust valve is open, whose exhaust poppet valve and stem area is impacted by 3 or more solid stream fuel injectors and whose fuel injections are deflected against the area of said exhaust poppet valve that exists between the stem of the valve and the part of said valve which touches the valve seat when closed, and whose fuel injections are evenly spaced around the circular shape as in FIG. 4) element F and at a fuel angle as in FIG. 3) element F's angle to the impacted surface of said valve that is between perpendicular and tangent and the streams are deflected into the combustion chamber and or cylinder.

26. A supercharged or naturally aspirated internal combustion piston engine with separate intake and exhaust valves and having fuel injected into the combustion chamber and cylinder for the next cycle of combustion thru said exhaust valve of said combustion chamber or cylinder during the moments while said exhaust valve open and whose exhaust poppet valve and stem area is impacted by 3 or more solid stream fuel injectors and whose fuel injections are deflected against said area of an exhaust poppet valve that exists between the stem of the valve and the part of the valve which touches the valve seat when closed, and whose fuel injections are evenly spaced around the circular shape as in FIG. 4) element F and at a fuel angle as in FIG. 3) element F's angle to the impacted surface of said valve that is between perpendicular and tangent and the streams are deflected into the combustion chamber and or cylinder.

27. A method of deflecting a solid stream of fuel off of parts of said exhaust side of the exhaust valves or nearby surrounding areas of the exhaust valves to direct and atomize the fuel into the combustion chamber or cylinder to keep said exhaust side of the exhaust valve or nearby surrounding area of the exhaust valve temperature cooler than the temperature that would cause the fuel to burn or explode as a result of contacting said exhaust side of said exhaust valve or nearby surrounding area of said exhaust valve.

28. A naturally aspirated internal combustion piston engine with separate intake and exhaust valves and or piping having fuel introduced into the combustion chamber and cylinder for the next cycle of combustion thru said exhaust valve or piping of said combustion chamber or cylinder during the moments when the exhaust flow is backwards during the exhaust cycle while the exhaust system is open to said combustion chamber and or cylinder thru the exhaust valve.

29. A naturally aspirated internal combustion piston engine with separate intake and exhaust valves having fuel injected into the combustion chamber and cylinder for the next cycle of combustion thru said exhaust valve of said combustion chamber or cylinder during the moments when the exhaust flow is backwards during while the exhaust valve is open.

30. A 4 stroke poppet valved engine with configurations of part of said engine cycle in consecutive sequence, comprising:a. near the end of the exhaust upstroke, an intake valve is closed, an exhaust valve is open, exhaust gases are driven out said exhaust valve,b. at exhaust top dead center, said intake valve closed and said exhaust valve is open and said exhaust gases are present in the near areas of an exhaust tract,c. during intake downstroke, said inlet and exhaust valves are open, fuel has been injected thru said exhaust valve, and fuel could be injected through the intake valve.

31. A 4 stroke poppet valved engine with configurations of part of said engine cycle in consecutive sequence, comprising:a. near the end of the exhaust upstroke, an intake valve is closed, an exhaust valve is open, exhaust gases are driven out said exhaust valve,b. at exhaust top dead center, said intake valve closed and said exhaust valve is open and said exhaust gases are present in the near areas of an exhaust tract,c. during intake downstroke, said inlet and exhaust valves are open, fuel has been injected thru said exhaust valve, and fuel could be injected through the intake valve,d. during the final part of the intake downstroke, said inlet and exhaust valves are closed, at a cylinder volume less than the full usable cylinder volume,e. at bottom dead center, intake downstroke stroke changes to upward compression stroke.

32. A method for using exhaust gas mixed and cooled with fuel in a four stroke poppet valve internal combustion engine, the method comprising the steps of:b. driving exhaust gases out said exhaust valve, at exhaust top dead center, said intake valve is closed and said exhaust valve is staying open and said exhaust gases are present in the near areas of an exhaust tract,c. injecting fuel thru said exhaust valve, during intake downstroke, said inlet and exhaust valves are open,d. injecting fuel through the intake valve,using the equation: (Inlet valve Air+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)+(Exhaust valve Exhaust Regurgitation+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)=Control and Optimization of length of time, temperature, and pressure of future burning,whereby, exhaust gas is mixed and cooled with fuel for a preignition, auto ignition an detonation resistant part of a cylinder's stratified charge, resulting in a longer burn time, lower peak pressures and temperatures allowing efficient burning with low nitrogen oxide formation.

33. A method for using exhaust gas mixed and cooled with fuel in a four stroke poppet valve internal combustion engine, the method comprising the steps of:b. driving exhaust gases out said exhaust valve, at exhaust top dead center, said intake valve is closed and said exhaust valve is staying open and said exhaust gases are present in the near areas of an exhaust tract,c. injecting fuel thru said exhaust valve, during intake downstroke, said inlet and exhaust valves are opend. injecting fuel through the intake valve,using the equation: (Inlet valve Air+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)+(Exhaust valve Exhaust Regurgitation+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)=Control and Optimization of length of time, temperature, and pressure of future burning,e. closing said inlet and exhaust valves, during the final part of the intake downstroke, at a cylinder volume less than the full usable cylinder volume, increasing the expansion ratio by, ending further inhalation at a cylinder volume less than the full usable cylinder volume which will be used during the following combustion downstroke,e. changing intake downstroke stroke to upward compression stroke at bottom dead center, so that the 4 stroke cycle can be continued and repeated,whereby, exhaust gas is mixed and cooled with fuel for a preignition, autoignition an detonation resistant part of a cylinder's stratified charge, while accomplishing an increase in expansion ratio, resulting in a longer burn time, lower peak pressures and temperatures allowing efficient burning with low nitrogen oxide formation.

34. A 4 stroke poppet valved engine with configurations of part of said engine cycle in consecutive sequence, comprising:a. near end of exhaust upstroke, an inlet valve opens and an exhaust valve is open, exhaust gases are driven into intake and exhaust tracts,b. at exhaust top dead center, said intake and exhaust valves are open and said exhaust gases are present in the near areas of the intake and exhaust tracts,c. during intake downstroke, said inlet and exhaust valves are open, fuel has been injected thru said exhaust valve, fuel could be injected through the said intake valve.

35. A 4 stroke poppet valved engine with configurations of part of said engine cycle in consecutive sequence, comprising:a. near end of exhaust upstroke, an inlet valve opens and an exhaust valve is open, exhaust gases are driven into intake and exhaust tracts,b. at exhaust top dead center, said intake and exhaust valves are open and said exhaust gases are present in the near areas of the intake and exhaust tracts,c. during intake downstroke, said inlet and exhaust valves are open, fuel has been injected thru said exhaust valve, fuel could be injected through the said intake valve,d. during intake downstroke, said inlet and exhaust valves are closed, an increase in expansion ratio begins by ending further inhalation at a cylinder volume less than the full usable cylinder volume,e. at bottom dead center, intake downstroke stroke changes to upward compression stroke.

36. A method for using exhaust gas mixed and cooled with fuel in a four stroke poppet valve internal combustion engine, the method comprising the steps of:a. opening an inlet valve and an exhaust valve is open near end of exhaust upstroke, driving exhaust gases into intake and exhaust tracts,b. transitioning exhaust top dead center, said intake and exhaust valves are open and said exhaust gases are present in the near areas of the intake and exhaust tracts,c. injecting fuel thru said exhaust valve and intake valve during intake downstroke, while said inlet and exhaust valves are open, using the equation: ((Inlet valve Exhaust Regurgitation+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)+(Intake Air+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder))+(Exhaust valve Exhaust Regurgitation+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)=Control and Optimization of length of time, temperature, and pressure of future burn g,d. closing said inlet and exhaust valves during intake downstroke, an increase in expansion ratio begins by ending further inhalation at a cylinder volume less than the full usable cylinder volume which will be used during the following combustion downstroke,e. changing to upward compression stroke at bottom dead center,whereby, exhaust gas is mixed and cooled with fuel for a preignition, autoignition an detonation resistant part of a cylinder's stratified charge, while accomplishing an increase in expansion resulting in a longer burn time, low peak pressures and temperatures allowing efficient burning with low nitrogen oxide formation.

37. A method for using exhaust gas mixed and cooled with fuel in a four stroke poppet valve internal combustion engine, the method comprising the steps of:a. opening an inlet valve and an exhaust valve is open near end of exhaust upstroke, driving exhaust gases into intake and exhaust tracts,b. transitioning exhaust top dead center, said intake and exhaust valves are open and said exhaust gases are present in the near areas of the intake and exhaust tracts,c. injecting fuel thru said exhaust valve and intake valve during intake downstroke, while said inlet and exhaust valves are open, using the equation: ((Inlet valve Exhaust Regurgitation+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)+(Intake Air+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder))+(Exhaust valve Exhaust Regurgitation+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)=Control and Optimization of length of time, temperature, and pressure of future burning,whereby, exhaust gas is mixed and cooled with fuel for a preignition, auto ignition and detonation resistant part of a cylinder's stratified charge, resulting in a longer burn time, lower peak pressures and temperatures allowing efficient burning with low nitrogen oxide formation.

38. A 4 stroke poppet valved engine with configurations of part of said engine cycle in consecutive sequence, comprising:a. near end of exhaust upstroke, an intake valve is closed, an exhaust valve is open, exhaust gases are driven thru said exhaust valve,b. at exhaust top dead center, said intake valve is closed and said exhaust valve is open and said exhaust gases are present in the near areas of an exhaust tract,c. during intake downstroke, said intake valves are closed said exhaust valves are open, fuel has been injected thru said exhaust valve,d. during Intake downstroke, said inlet valves are open and said exhaust valves are closed, fuel could be injected through the said intake valve.

39. A 4 stroke poppet valved engine with configurations of part of said engine cycle in consecutive sequence, comprising:a. near end of exhaust upstroke, an intake valve is closed, an exhaust valve is open, exhaust gases are driven thru said exhaust valve,b. at exhaust top dead center, said intake valve is closed and said exhaust valve is open and said exhaust gases are present in the near areas of an exhaust tract,c. during intake downstroke, said intake valves are closed said exhaust valves are open, fuel has been injected thru said exhaust valve,d. during Intake downstroke, said inlet valves are open and said exhaust valves are closed, fuel could be injected through the said intake valve,e. During Intake downstroke, said Inlet and Exhaust valves are closed, ending further Inhalation at a cylinder volume less than the full usable cylinder volume which will be used during the following combustion downstroke.

40. A method for using exhaust gas mixed and cooled with fuel in a four stroke poppet valve internal combustion engine, the method comprising the steps of:a. driving exhaust gases thru said exhaust valve, near end of exhaust upstroke, an intake valve is closed, an exhaust valve is open,b. transitioning at exhaust top dead center, said intake valve is closed and said exhaust valve is open and said exhaust gases are present in the near areas of an exhaust tract,c. injecting fuel thru said exhaust valve, during intake downstroke, said intake valves are closed said exhaust valves are open, using the equation: (Exhaust valve Exhaust Regurgitation+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)+d. injecting fuel through said intake valve, during intake downstroke, while said inlet valves are open and said exhaust valves are closed, using the equation: (intake Air+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)=Control and Optimization of length of time, temperature, and pressure of future burning,whereby, exhaust gas is mixed and cooled with fuel for a preignition, autoignition an detonation resistant part of a cylinder's stratified charge, resulting in a longer burn time, lower peak pressures and temperatures allowing efficient burning with low nitrogen oxide formation.

41. A method for using exhaust gas mixed and cooled with fuel in a four stroke poppet valve internal combustion engine, the method comprising the steps of:a. driving exhaust gases thru said exhaust valve, near end of exhaust upstroke, an intake valve is closed, an exhaust valve is open,b. transitioning at exhaust top dead center, said intake valve is closed and said exhaust valve is open and said exhaust gases are present in the near areas of an exhaust tract,c. injecting fuel thru said exhaust valve, during intake downstroke, said intake valves are closed said exhaust valves are open, using the equation: (Exhaust valve Exhaust Regurgitation+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)+d. injecting fuel through said intake valve, during intake downstroke, while said inlet valves are open and said exhaust valves are closed, using the equation:(intake Air+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)=Control and Optimization of length of time, temperature, and pressure of future burning,e. closing said inlet and Exhaust valves are closed, During Intake downstroke, An Increase in Expansion Ratio begins by ending further Inhalation at a cylinder volt less than the full usable cylinder volume which will be used during the following combustion downstroke.whereby, exhaust gas is mixed and cooled with fuel for a preignition, autoignition an detonation resistant part of a cylinder's stratified charge, while accomplishing increase n expansion ratio, resulting in a longer b time, lower peak pressures and temperatures allowing efficient burning with low nitrogen oxide formation.

42. A 4 stroke poppet valved engine with configurations of part of said engine cycle in consecutive sequence, comprising:a. near end of exhaust upstroke, an intake valve is closed, an exhaust valve is open, exhaust gases are driven out exhaust valve,b. transitioning at exhaust top dead center, said intake valve is closed and said exhaust valve is open and said exhaust gases are present in the near areas of an exhaust tract,c. during intake downstroke, said intake valves are closed and said exhaust valves are open, fuel has been injected thru said exhaust valve,d. during intake downstroke, said inlet valves are open and said exhaust valves are closed all the way to bottom dead center and beyond, fuel has been injected through said intake valve.

43. A 4 stroke poppet valved engine wraith configurations of part of said engine cycle in consecutive sequence, comprising:a. near end of exhaust upstroke, an intake valve is closed, an exhaust valve is open, exhaust gases are driven out exhaust valve,b. exhaust top dead center, said intake valves are closed and said exhaust valve is open and exhaust gases are present in the near areas of an exhaust tract,c. during intake downstroke, said intake valves are closed and said exhaust valves are open, fuel has been injected thru said exhaust valve,d. during intake downstroke, said inlet valves are open and said exhaust valves are closed all the way to bottom dead center and beyond, fuel has been injected through said intake valve,e. during the compression upstroke the intake valve is open, some of the cylinder gases have been sent out of the cylinder back into the intake tract, to a cylinder volume to less than the full usable cylinder volume.

44. A method for using exhaust gas mixed and cooled with fuel in a four stroke poppet valve internal combustion engine, the method comprising the steps of:a. driving exhaust gases out exhaust valve, near end of exhaust upstroke, an intake valve is closed, an exhaust valve is open,b. exhaust top dead center, said intake valves are closed and said exhaust valve is open and exhaust gases are present in the near areas of an exhaust tract,c. injecting fuel thru said exhaust valve, during intake downstroke, said intake valves are closed said exhaust valves are open, using the equation: (Exhaust valve Exhaust Regurgitation+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)+d. injecting fuel through said intake valve, during intake downstroke, while said inlet valves are open and said exhaust valves are closed all the way to bottom dead center and beyond, using the equation: (intake Air+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)=Control and Optimization of length of time, temperature, and pressure of future burning,e. sending some of the cylinder gases out of the cylinder back into the intake tract, during the compression upstroke, the intake valve is open for a time,f. reducing the inhaled cylinder volume to less than the full usable cylinder volume which will be used during the following combustion,whereby, exhaust gas is mixed and cooled with fuel for a preignition, autoignition an detonation resistant part of a cylinder's stratified charge, while accomplishing an increase in expansion ratio, resulting in a longer burn time, lower peak pressures and temperatures allowing efficient burning with low nitrogen oxide formation.

45. A supercharged piston intake valved 2 stroke poppet exhaust valved engine comprising, one or snore poppet exhaust valves and a cylinder piston port valve intake, poppet valve which is open before piston inlet valves open and fuel is injected thru said exhaust valve with the flow of gasses, and fuel is injected against the flow of gasses after said piston inlet valves are opened, said exhaust poppet valve which closes before all exhaust gasses have been pushed out the cylinder.

46. A method for using exhaust gas mixed and cooled with fuel in a supercharged piston intake valved 2 stroke poppet exhaust valved engine, the method comprising the steps of:opening one or more poppet exhaust valves before piston inlet valves open,injecting fuel thru said exhaust poppet valve with the flow of gasses,injecting fuel against the flow of gasses after said piston inlet valves are opened,closing said exhaust poppet valve closes before all exhaust gasses have been pushed out the cylinder,using the equation: (Intake Air+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)+(Exhaust valve Exhaust Regurgitation+Fuel at mixture ratio of zero to richer than Stochiometric of its own starting gases or the future total mixture ratio of the whole cylinder)=Control and Optimization of length of time, temperature, and pressure of future burning,whereby, exhaust gas is mixed and cooled with fuel for a preignition, autoignition an detonation resistant part of a cylinder's stratified charge, resulting in a longer burn time, lower peak pressures and temperatures allowing efficient burning with low nitrogen oxide formation.