The present invention relates to radio-frequency identification tags, and more particularly to tamper-evident and tamper-resistant radio-frequency tags that may be secured to an object.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags are commonly used to monitor and track a variety of goods. In particular, RFID tags may be secured to and/or formed directly within (e.g., molded within) an object or a storage container. These RFID tags are then programmed with information relating to the object and/or the substance contained within the storage container. The RFID tags may then be scanned during storage and/or transport to obtain the product details.
For valuable products/objects, some individuals may have an incentive to tamper with and/or switch the RFID tag with an RFID tag from another object/container. For example, in the context of blood products, if one bottle of blood product is marked as HIV+ (and therefore is unusable), and another container of acceptable blood product breaks, an individual may be tempted to switch the RFID tag of the broken bottle of blood product with the RFID tag on the bottle marked as HIV+. As one would expect, this would create a significant health risk to a patient receiving the HIV+ blood product.
In a first embodiment of the invention, there is provided a frangible RFID tag having a substrate with at least one weakened area, and an RFID chip and antenna located on the substrate. The antenna may be electrically connected to the RFID chip. The RFID tag may also include a plurality of adhesive areas applied to an underside of the substrate and configured to allow the RFID tag to be secured to an object. The plurality of adhesive areas may be spaced from one another to form at least one gap between the plurality of adhesive areas. The at least one gap may be located under the at least one weakened area.
Additionally, the frangible RFID tag may also include a first release liner, an adhesive layer located above the substrate, and a top layer secured to the substrate via the adhesive layer. The first release liner may be located below the plurality of adhesive areas and may be configured to be removed from the plurality of adhesive areas prior to securing the RFID tag to the object. The top layer may cover the antenna and RFID chip, may be opaque, and/or may be a thin polymer layer. The top layer may protect the RFID chip from dust and moisture.
In some embodiments, the plurality of adhesive areas may be areas of high bond adhesive, and the weakened areas may be cuts formed within the substrate. For example, the weakened areas may be die-cuts. The antenna may include a loop, and at least one of the weakened areas may be within the loop and/or extend below the antenna. The weakened areas may be configured to cause destruction of the RFID tag (e.g., tearing of the antenna) upon removal of the RFID tag from the object.
In accordance with further embodiments, a blood component storage container may include a body defining an interior volume for storing a blood component, and a frangible RFID tag secured to a surface of the storage container. The RFID tag may include a substrate having at least one weakened area, an RFID chip located on the substrate, an antenna located on the substrate and electrically connected to the RFID chip, and a plurality of adhesive areas (e.g., areas of high bond adhesive). The plurality of adhesive areas may be applied to the underside of the substrate and may be configured to allow the RFID tag to be secured to the blood component storage container. The adhesive areas may be spaced from one another to form at least one gap between the adhesive areas. The gap(s) may be located under the weakened area(s).
The frangible RFID tag may also include a first release liner that is located below the plurality of adhesive areas. The first release liner may be removed from the adhesive areas prior to securing the RFID tag to the blood storage container. The tag may also include an adhesive layer located above the substrate, and a top layer secured to the substrate via the second adhesive layer. The top layer may cover the antenna and RFID chip, and may be opaque. Additionally or alternatively, the top layer may be a thin polymer layer and may protect the RFID chip from dust and moisture.
The weakened areas may be cuts (e.g., die-cuts) formed within the substrate, and may extend below the antenna. The antenna may include a loop, and one of the weakened areas may be within the loop. Destruction of the RFID tag may include tearing of the antenna.
In accordance with additional embodiments, a method of producing a frangible RFIG tag includes (1) providing a device layer having a substrate with an antenna and an RFID chip located on the substrate, (2) forming at least one weakened area within the substrate, and (3) applying a plurality of adhesive areas (e.g., areas of high bond adhesive) to an underside of the substrate. The plurality of adhesive areas may be configured to allow the RFID tag to be secured to an object and may be spaced from one another to form at least one gap between the adhesive areas. The gap(s) may be located under the weakened area(s).
In some embodiments, the method may also include (1) applying a first release liner to the plurality of adhesive areas, and (2) applying a top layer to a top surface of the device layer. The first release liner may be configured to be removed from the plurality of adhesive areas prior to securing the RFID tag to the object. The top layer may cover the antenna and RFID chip, and may include an adhesive layer that secures the top layer to the device layer. The top layer may be opaque and/or a thin polymer layer.
In further embodiments, forming the weakened area(s) within the substrate may include cutting and/or die-cutting the substrate. The antenna may include a loop and one of the weakened areas may be located within the loop. Additionally or alternatively, the weakened areas may extend below the antenna. The weakened areas may be configured to cause destruction of the RFID tag (e.g., tearing of the antenna) upon removal of the RFID tag from the object.
The foregoing features of embodiments will be more readily understood by reference to the following detailed description, taken with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
In illustrative embodiments, a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag may have a substrate with weakened areas that act as tear initiation sites when a tensile load is applied to the RFID tag. In this manner, various embodiments of the present invention exhibit tamper-proof and/or tamper-evident characteristics upon attempted removal of the RFID tag from an object to which it is secured. Furthermore, various embodiments of the present invention also prevent an individual from removing an RFID tag from one object and placing it on another object or otherwise switching the RFID tags of multiple objects.
As mentioned above and as shown in
The weakened areas 150 may be cuts, perforations, or similar structures within the substrate 125 that weaken the substrate 125 in the area of the cut/perforation. In this manner, when a tensile force is applied to the RFID tag 100 (e.g., during removal from the object), the tensile load will cause the substrate 125 to tear at the weakened area(s) 150. As discussed in greater detail below, this tearing, in turn, may propagate across the antenna 140 and/or RFID chip 130, thereby destroying the RFID tag 100.
In order to ensure destruction of the RFID tag 100 during removal, it is preferable to locate the weakened areas 150 in areas that will cause the tear to propagate across the antenna 140 and/or the RFID chip 130. For example, as best shown in
The cuts/perforations may be formed in/introduced into the substrate 125 in a number of ways. For example, the cuts/perforations may be stamped into the substrate 125 using a die cut process and/or they may be made using a laser cutting, photo-etching, water-jet cutting, or a more traditional cutting process using a sharp edge. Additionally or alternatively, depending upon the material used for the substrate 125, the cuts/perforations may be molded directly into the substrate 125 when the substrate 125 is formed. It is also important to note that the weakened areas 150 (e.g., the cuts/perforations) may also include an arrow head to enhance the tear initiation properties of the weakened area 150. Furthermore, the cuts need not extend through the entire thickness of the substrate 125. For example, the cuts may only partially extend through (e.g., 70-95% through) the thickness of the substrate 125.
In order to protect the RFID chip 130 and antenna 140 from dust, moisture, and other contamination that may negatively impact the performance of the RFID tag 100, the RFID tag 100 may also include a top layer 160 that is secured to the device layer 120 via a layer of adhesive 170. The top layer 160 may be any number of polymers, for example, polypropylene (e.g., a polypropylene film), and, in some embodiments, may be opaque so that the RFID chip 130, the antenna 140 and/or the weakened areas 150 are not visible through the top layer 160. It is also important to note that the material (and the thickness of that material) chosen for the top layer 160 should not be strong enough to support the tensile load during attempted removal of the RFID tag 100 and prevent the underlying substrate 125 from tearing.
It is also important to note that the top layer 160 can provide control over the electromagnetic UHF performance characteristics of the tag 100. For example, the antenna 140, the top layer 160 and the substrate 125 of the RFID tag 100 essentially form a capacitor. Furthermore, the capacitance of the RFID tag 100 impacts the timing of the resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit that, in turn, is a characteristic of the UHF operation of the RFID tag 100 (e.g., the natural frequency of operation of the RFID tag 100). The top layer 160 helps prevent the build-up of condensation (liquid or frost) on the antenna 140. This build-up of condensation can cause the capacitance to shift and negatively impact the performance of the RFIG tag 100 (e.g., the build-up of condensation can decrease the distance at which the RFID tag 100 can be read). Therefore, by controlling the properties of the top layer 140 (e.g., an insulating layer in contact with the antenna 140), some embodiments of the present invention are able to prevent/limit condensation build-up, provide a repeatable capacitance and RC circuit, and improve the performance of the RFID tag 100.
As mentioned above, the RFID tag 100 can be secured to an object 110. To that end, the RFID tag 100 can also include a second layer of adhesive 180 on the underside 127 of the substrate 125. This second layer of adhesive 180 may be used to secure the RFID tag 100 to the object 110. As shown in
In some embodiments, the second adhesive layer 180 may include a stronger adhesive than that of the first adhesive layer 170 used to secure the top layer 160 to the substrate 125. For example, the first adhesive layer 170 may be a layer of standard glue (e.g., Fasson® S333 adhesive by Avery-Dennison), and the second adhesive layer 180 may be a layer of high bond adhesive, for example, Very High Bond Adhesive (VHB™) from 3M™. By utilizing a high bond adhesive to secure the RFID tag 100 to the object 110, some embodiments require a strong force to remove the RFID tag 100 from the object 110. As discussed in greater detail below, this, in turn, helps to ensure destruction of the tag 100 upon removal.
As shown in
Although
Although the types and thicknesses of the materials used in the RFID tag 100 can vary depending upon the application (e.g., the type and material of the object to which the RFID tag 100 will be secured, the ambient temperature and conditions at which the object will be stored, etc.), in some embodiments, the thickness of the second adhesive layer 170 may be greater than the thicknesses of the other layers of the RFID tag 100 (see
As mentioned above and as schematically shown in
It is also important to note that, like the weakened areas 150 in the substrate 125, the antenna 140, first adhesive layer 170 and the top layer 160 cannot support the tensile load required to separate the adjacent adhesive area 182B from the object 110. Therefore, the tear will propagate through the antenna 140 (and any similar conductive or semi-conductive material), the first adhesive layer 170 and the top layer 160. This, in turn, will sever the electrical connection and render the RFID tag 100 inoperable.
Once the device layer 120 is secured to the bottle 200, the user may then remove a release layer from the underside of the first adhesive layer 170 and secure the top layer 160 to the substrate 125 via the first adhesive layer 170 (
Although the figures discussed above show an RFID tag 100 having a generally semi-circular shape, it is important to note that other embodiments of the present invention may have a different shape and configuration. For example, as shown in
Furthermore, the configuration and layout of the weakened areas 150 and the adhesive areas 182 may be dependent upon then design of the antenna 140. For example, as shown in
Alternatively, if the antenna 140 is rectangular in shape with an open interior (
As shown in
It is important to note that, although the above described embodiments utilize an adhesive (e.g., a very high bond adhesive) to secure the RFID tag 100 to the container 110, other embodiments can utilize other mechanical and/or chemical bonding techniques to secure the RFID tag 100 to the container 110. For example, some embodiments can solvent bond, ultrasonically weld, or laser weld the RFID tag 100 to the container (or the top layer 160 to the substrate). In such embodiments, the RFID tag 100 may only be welded to the container 110 in certain areas (e.g., in a manner similar to how the second adhesive layer is applied only in certain areas) to create un-welded areas located beneath the weakened areas 150 and ensure that the tensile load required to remove the RFID tag 100 from the container is greater than the load that the weakened areas 150 can handle (e.g., so that the substrate 125 tears during removal).
The embodiments of the invention described above are intended to be merely exemplary; numerous variations and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. All such variations and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present invention as defined in any appended claims.
This patent application claims priority from U.S. patent application No. 61/831,262, filed Jun. 5, 2013, entitled, “Frangible RFID Tag,” and naming Christopher S. McDowell as inventor, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein, in its entirety, by reference.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2014/040879 | 6/4/2014 | WO | 00 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
WO2014/197573 | 12/11/2014 | WO | A |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
5444223 | Blama | Aug 1995 | A |
5777561 | Chieu et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
5874214 | Nova et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
5883582 | Bowers et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
5898370 | Reymond | Apr 1999 | A |
6045652 | Tuttle et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
6147604 | Wiklof | Nov 2000 | A |
6281795 | Smith et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
6441741 | Yoakum | Aug 2002 | B1 |
6478229 | Epstein | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6483434 | UmiKer | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6520544 | Mitchell et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6592043 | Britton | Jul 2003 | B1 |
6778089 | Yoakum | Aug 2004 | B2 |
6794000 | Adams | Sep 2004 | B2 |
6940408 | Ferguson et al. | Sep 2005 | B2 |
6951596 | Green et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
7061831 | De La Huerga | Jun 2006 | B2 |
7070053 | Abrams et al. | Jul 2006 | B1 |
7091864 | Veitch et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
7102522 | Kuhns | Sep 2006 | B2 |
7116240 | Hyde | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7210635 | Amstutz et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
7212127 | Jacober et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
7215251 | Hyde | May 2007 | B2 |
7224280 | Ferguson et al. | May 2007 | B2 |
7271726 | Hollon | Sep 2007 | B2 |
7275682 | Excoffier et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
7350703 | Ambartsoumian | Apr 2008 | B2 |
7361251 | Green et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
7368032 | Green et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
7388506 | Abbott | Jun 2008 | B2 |
7394383 | Hager et al. | Jul 2008 | B2 |
7477150 | Renzetti et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
7479887 | Meyer | Jan 2009 | B2 |
7479888 | Jacober et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
7490766 | Auchinleck | Feb 2009 | B2 |
7490767 | Auchinleck | Feb 2009 | B2 |
7501947 | Youn | Mar 2009 | B2 |
7528727 | Morrow | May 2009 | B2 |
7538678 | Jung et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
7541931 | Freed et al. | Jun 2009 | B1 |
7586417 | Chisholm | Sep 2009 | B2 |
7608457 | Hunsley | Oct 2009 | B2 |
7609166 | Forster et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
7637733 | O'Connell et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
7649463 | Tuttle | Jan 2010 | B2 |
7705734 | Martinelli | Apr 2010 | B2 |
7713232 | Uber, III et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
7755484 | Cullen et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7755488 | Dvorsky | Jul 2010 | B2 |
7772981 | Lambert et al. | Aug 2010 | B1 |
7777628 | Tilson, Jr. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7782213 | Ohashi | Aug 2010 | B2 |
7794141 | Perry et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
7804405 | Norman et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
7829741 | Fukuhara et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
7850893 | Chisholm et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
7859416 | Tuttle | Dec 2010 | B2 |
7875227 | Chisholm | Jan 2011 | B2 |
7892471 | Burke et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7922961 | Chisholm et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
7973664 | Lambert et al. | Jul 2011 | B1 |
7978079 | Geissler et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
8009047 | Kanda et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
8035518 | Kolton et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
8049627 | Addante | Nov 2011 | B1 |
8063741 | Hioki et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8068028 | Phaneuf | Nov 2011 | B2 |
8072333 | Ferguson et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
8089359 | Lopez et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
8094027 | Yang | Jan 2012 | B2 |
8097199 | Abbott et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
8098162 | Abbott et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
8100585 | Burke et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
8105487 | Fulkerson et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
8113007 | Zenobi et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
8115636 | Forster | Feb 2012 | B2 |
8120484 | Chisholm | Feb 2012 | B2 |
8120485 | Yang | Feb 2012 | B2 |
8136735 | Arai et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
8161910 | Coiro, Sr. et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
8164457 | Dunlap et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
8173057 | Parker et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
8183052 | Reed et al. | May 2012 | B2 |
8212226 | Chisholm | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8212676 | Cullen et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8215518 | Hyde et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8215835 | Hyde et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8231024 | Sanfilippo et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8242907 | Butler et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8242908 | Moore et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8242911 | Moore et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8246773 | Green et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8248238 | Butler et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8248239 | Butler et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8253567 | Butler et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8257636 | Oconnell et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
8267308 | Devergne et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
8267325 | Phaneuf | Sep 2012 | B2 |
8269630 | Butler et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
8269670 | Sprowl et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
8279065 | Butler et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8284055 | Butler et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8292173 | Yturralde et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8292594 | Tracey et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8294579 | Butler et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
8313594 | Muirhead | Nov 2012 | B2 |
8317099 | Perkins et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
8318499 | Fritchie et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
8325047 | Marur et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
8330602 | Ohashi et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
8427316 | Bielas | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8432286 | Kolton et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
8466793 | Kolton et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
8758321 | Stacey et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
20020135481 | Conwell | Sep 2002 | A1 |
20050019943 | Chaoui et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20070139202 | Austin | Jun 2007 | A1 |
20080036677 | Matsushita | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080117058 | Oberle | May 2008 | A1 |
20080213135 | Burke et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20080309497 | Bryant | Dec 2008 | A1 |
20090303044 | Furuichi | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20100007501 | Yang et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100102967 | Lee et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100181382 | Speich | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100253524 | Kolton et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20110031178 | Burke et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20110281346 | Halpern | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20120217307 | Martin et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
EP 2050580 | Apr 2009 | DE |
1 286 775 | Jul 2006 | EP |
2 050 580 | Apr 2009 | EP |
1 946 250 | Jul 2010 | EP |
2009129291 | Jun 2009 | JP |
2010128516 | Jun 2010 | JP |
Entry |
---|
JP 2009129291 English equivalent translation, European Patent Office website, retrieved May 15, 2016, http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en—EP&FT=D&date=20090611&CC=JP&NR=2009129291A&KC=A. |
JP 2010128516 English equivalent translation, European Patent Office website, retrieved May 15, 2016, http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en—EP&FT=D&date=20100610&CC=JP&NR=2010128516A&KC=A. |
EP 2050580 English equivalent translation, European Patent Office website, retrieved May 15, 2016, http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=EP&NR=2050580A2&KC=A2&FT=D&ND=3&date=20090422&DB=EPODOC&locale=en—EP. |
Blaine R. Copenheaver, Authorized officer, International Search Report—Application No. PCT/US2014/040879, mailed Nov. 4, 2014, together with the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, 10 pages. |
Philippe Bécamel, Authorized officer The International Bureau of WIPO, International Preliminary Report on Patentability—Application No. PCT/US2014/040879, mailed Dec. 8, 2015, 9 pages. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20160101019 A1 | Apr 2016 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
61831262 | Jun 2013 | US |