Patent Application
20120176202
The present invention pertains to a frequency synthesizer, particularly to a frequency synthesizer of a first transceiver at local generating a crystal oscillation signal and a carrier signal whose frequencies have been calibrated by tracing a BPSK modulated signal received, which is transmitted from a second transceiver at a distant location.
With the development of wireless communication, positioning technique can be widely applied on many fields and provide potential business market opportunities thus it is always a hot topic. For instance, in the global satellite position, back car radar, directional car search, people searching, or object searching are particularly useful for the team tours in mountain if the object tied with or team member to be searched bring a transceiver. One of positioning techniques may refer the RSSI (received signal strength indicator) to derive the distance of the object or people. The RSSI position technique involves using the RFID and antennas. To position an object in a positioning space, four antennas are demanded or in a 2D plane by three antennas.
d
p
A=√{square root over ((xA−xP)2+(yA−yP)2)}{square root over ((xA−xP)2+(yA−yP)2)} (1)
d
p
B=√{square root over ((xB−xP)2+(yB−yP)2)}{square root over ((xB−xP)2+(yB−yP)2)} (2)
d
p
C=√{square root over ((xC−xP)2+(yC−yP)2)}{square root over ((xC−xP)2+(yC−yP)2)} (3)
However, the RSSI values are vulnerable to affect by environmental factors unless the RSSI values have be passed a long training time and/or correctness thereafter.
Another position method of the radio signal positioning is by time arriving, which is found to be more precisely and less affected by environment than RSSI. Please refer to
The distance dAB, between position A and position B can be expressed as:
In practice, both of the wireless signals are modulated signals transmitted according to a data packet protocol, which are a baseband signal modulated by a carrier signal. After the modulated signal received by the transceiver, the modulated signal are demodulated to return to the baseband signals. To position by using wireless signal technique, the crystal oscillation frequencies of the first transceiver and the second transceiver should be in consistence; otherwise, the arrival time would be incorrect.
Unfortunately, even using the most advance semiconductor processes, two crystal oscillators are generally found to have a frequency offset. The frequency offset is usually negligible, e.g. one or several ppm. (parts per million). However, the distance error derived by duration multiply the velocity of light caused by the frequency offset will be not negligible but significantly. Thus if there is any frequency offset, it will be inferior to use in positioning.
Consequently, it is important to know the frequency offset between two oscillation frequencies and further cancel them before using them in frequency synthesizer to generate a carrier signal.
A conventional but exemplary frequency synthesizer is disclosed by an U.S. Pat. No. 7,649,428 having a title “Method and System for Generating Noise in a Frequency Synthesizer.” The patent is to generate a noise portion of an input signal within the frequency synthesizer and appending the noise portion the noise portion to a control portion of the input signal. The functional blocks diagram, please see the
The sigma-delta modulator 32 outputs a fractional part Δ[K], which is then summed with an integer N by a summer 34. Accordingly, the summer 34 provides a fractional integer, represented by “N.Δ[K]” as a divisor to the multi-modulus divider 30. As a result, the frequency Ferr is equal to Fout divided by (N.Δ[K])
The frequency Ferr is then compared with the FIN of the input signal of the PLL circuit 20. If the phase difference between two input signals Ferr, FIN of the PFD 22 is over ±2π then the PFD 22 is operated in the frequency detect mode, then the charge pump 24 operated is in full speed, i.e., running a constant current. The loop filter 26 integrates this current and the result is continuously charging control voltage applied to the VCO 28 till the phase difference between two input signal drops below 2π.
The PFD is thus run into phase detect mode. The output of the charge pump 24 is proportional to the phase difference. Once the phase difference of two signals reaches zero. The device enters into the phase locked state.
The prior art doesn't relate to a method of correcting the frequency offset between two transceivers at two locations.
An object of the present invention thus provides a frequency synthesizer having frequencies outputted tracing the signal received so that the frequency offset of two frequency synthesizers of the transceivers can be cancelled.
The present invention discloses a frequency synthesizer of a transceiver for generating a crystal oscillation frequency and a carry frequency having frequency offset cancellation with that of another transceiver.
The frequency synthesizer comprises a phase frequency detector, a charge pump, a loop filter, a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a first multi-modulus divider, and a first sigma-data (Σ-Δ) modulator connected to compose a phase locked loop. In addition to the phase locked loop (PLL), the frequency synthesizer further comprises a second multi-modulus divider, a second Σ-Δ modulator; and a frequency offset estimation unit.
The frequency offset estimation unit provides the information of the frequency offset between the two frequency synthesizers
The first Σ-Δ modulator generates a divisor according to the channel information of the first signal received according to a look-up table and further provides a calibrated divisor for the first multi-modulus divider according to the data about frequency offset.
After the PLL entered the phase locked state, the frequency synthesizer outputs a calibrated frequency for a carrier signal. The second Σ-Δ modulator provides a divisor to the second multi-modulus divider in accordance with the channel information of the first signal received. The second multi-modulus divider then generates a calibrated crystal oscillation frequency by using the calibrated carrier frequency outputted from the VCO as dividend divided the divisor.
The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will become more readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
As mentioned above, if a crystal oscillators of a transceiver does not the same frequency as the other's, i.e. exists a frequency offset, then, it will result in positioning errors, and the errors is increased with the frequency deviation.
The reason is obvious because once the frequency synthesizers use such crystal oscillators to generate UHF (UHV) carrier signals, the frequency inconsistent will be further amplified by them.
The present invention is to solve forgoing problems. The frequency synthesizer generates a calibrated crystal oscillation frequency and a calibrated carrier frequency. Described hereinafter the “calibrated” means the carry frequency of the local transceiver based on the crystal oscillation frequency, which has traced the wireless signal received. That is, frequency offset between two transceivers has been cancelled.
In other words, the local frequency synthesizer of the local transceiver will refer the signals received from the distant transceiver so that the crystal frequencies of two transceivers are in consistence.
Please refer to
In
The first Σ-Δ modulator 232a has a first look-up table 234a, which is a hardware providing a relationship between channel information or called channel number CH# versus predetermined divisor. The first Σ-Δ modulator 232a has two input terminals IN1, IN2. The input terminal IN1 receives a radio frequency and accordingly picks up the channel information CH#. The input terminal IN2 receives a frequency offset k in a unit of ppm. from a offset estimation unit 240. Accordingly, the look-up table 234a generates a divisor D.
The divisor D may be just an integer I only or an integer with a fractional “I.f”. For example, the look-up table 234a may output a divisor of 153 if a radio frequency received is transmitted through a channel number 21 or of 153.5 if it is through a channel number 20 according to the look-up table 234a.
The second input terminal IN2 of the first Σ-Δ modulator 232a is provided for receiving an offset expressed by k ppm. The offset will reflect on the divisor D. For example, the offset is of 1 ppm and the divisor is of 153 then the output of the first Σ-Δ modulator 232a will be D′=153.000153, where D′=D (1+k ppm).
Similarly, if the signal transmitted is through CH number 21 then the divisor is 153.5. 1 ppm of 153.5 will make “D′=153.000153”. The first Σ-Δ modulator 232a will demand a higher resolution in the output than the second Σ-Δ modulator 232b since aside from the first look-up table, it depends on the offset too.
The offset value is provided by offset estimated unit 240, which derives an offset value in accordance with the I_DATA (in-phase signal) and Q_DATA (quad signal) received by terminal IN3 and IN4. The detailed description is disclosed in patent application NO. 0981334853 of Taiwan.
The first Σ-Δ modulator 232a outputs the a divisor D′ to the first multi-modulus divider 230a. Accordingly, the output of the first multi-modulus divider 230a is the signal frequency FOUT1′ divided by the divisor D′. The frequency represented by the quotient is then compared with the signal FIN. When the phase difference between two signals is over ±2π, the phase frequency detector 222 is operated in a detected mode and the charge pump 224 runs at full speed until the phase difference within 2π, where the phase frequency detector 222 is operated in a phase detection mode. The voltage output of the charge pump 224 is proportional to the phase difference. Once the difference reaches zero, the PLL into a phase locked state. Thereafter, the second multi-modulus divider 230b and the second Σ-Δ modulator 232b start to work.
Firstly, the second Σ-Δ modulator 232b with its input terminal IN1 receives the first signal. Consequently, the second look-up table 232b of the second Σ-Δ modulator 232b outputs a divisor D=153 for the channel information of the first signal is CH number of 20 and for a frequency outputted by an original crystal oscillator is 16 MHZ and a frequency outputted by the VCO 228 upon in the phase locked state is thus
16 MHz×153.000153=2448.002448 MHz (1 ppm frequency offset gives the same variation 1 ppm at the output terminal.
The frequency 2448.002448 MHz divided by the divisor D=153 will get quotient FOUT2=16.000016 MHz, the same variation too. The hardware of the second Σ-Δ modulator 232b is simpler than first Σ-Δ modulator 232a since it does not involve the offset issue.
The benefits of the present invention are:
The crystal oscillation frequency and carrier frequency outputted by the frequency synthesizers at the local and the distant according to the present invention are calibrated and thus is in consistence. The positioning precision reaches 1 ppm level thus the transceiver will give accurate and reliable results if it has the forgoing frequency synthesizer.
As is understood by a person skilled in the art, the foregoing preferred embodiment of the present o invention is an illustration of the present invention rather than limiting thereon. It is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims, the scope of which should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar structure.
